US20070056213A1 - Renewable fuel/lubricant mixture for use in a two-stroke internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Renewable fuel/lubricant mixture for use in a two-stroke internal combustion engine Download PDF

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US20070056213A1
US20070056213A1 US11/373,176 US37317606A US2007056213A1 US 20070056213 A1 US20070056213 A1 US 20070056213A1 US 37317606 A US37317606 A US 37317606A US 2007056213 A1 US2007056213 A1 US 2007056213A1
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fuel
mixture
fatty acid
lubricating
gasoline
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William French
Larry Tate
Mark Zappi
Rafael Hernandez
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Mississippi State University
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Mississippi State University
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Assigned to MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIVERSITY reassignment MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIVERSITY ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: FRENCH, WILLIAM TODD, HERNANDEZ, RAFAEL A., TATE, LARRY CHRISTOPHER, ZAPPI, MARK E.
Publication of US20070056213A1 publication Critical patent/US20070056213A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M101/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a mineral or fatty oil
    • C10M101/04—Fatty oil fractions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/02—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
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    • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
    • C10L10/02—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for reducing smoke development
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
    • C10L10/08—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for improving lubricity; for reducing wear
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
    • C10M105/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen
    • C10M105/22—Carboxylic acids or their salts
    • C10M105/24—Carboxylic acids or their salts having only one carboxyl group bound to an acyclic carbon atom, cycloaliphatic carbon atom or hydrogen
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    • C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
    • C10M105/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen
    • C10M105/32—Esters
    • C10M105/34—Esters of monocarboxylic acids
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    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M129/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
    • C10M129/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
    • C10M129/26—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof
    • C10M129/28—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M129/38—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having 8 or more carbon atoms
    • C10M129/40—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having 8 or more carbon atoms monocarboxylic
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    • C10L1/1802—Organic compounds containing oxygen natural products, e.g. waxes, extracts, fatty oils
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    • C10L1/188—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof
    • C10L1/1881—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof carboxylic group attached to an aliphatic carbon atom
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    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
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    • C10L1/19—Esters ester radical containing compounds; ester ethers; carbonic acid esters
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    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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    • C10L1/191—Esters ester radical containing compounds; ester ethers; carbonic acid esters of di- or polyhydroxyalcohols
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    • C10L1/26—Organic compounds containing phosphorus
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    • C10L1/2641—Organic compounds containing phosphorus phosphorus bond to oxygen (no P. C. bond) oxygen bonds only
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
    • C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2207/125—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids
    • C10M2207/126—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids monocarboxylic
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28—Esters
    • C10M2207/281—Esters of (cyclo)aliphatic monocarboxylic acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
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    • C10M2207/2815—Esters of (cyclo)aliphatic monocarboxylic acids used as base material
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    • C10M2223/10—Phosphatides, e.g. lecithin, cephalin
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    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
    • C10N2040/255—Gasoline engines
    • C10N2040/26—Two-strokes or two-cycle engines

Definitions

  • the invention relates to lubricating fuels, their preparation, and their use.
  • a wide variety of equipment is powered by two-stroke internal combustion engines such as leaf blowers, string trimmers, outboard motors, watercraft, motorcycles, chain saws, lawnmowers, snowmobiles, etc.
  • the main reason for their wide application is their high ratio of horsepower to weight.
  • the reason for the increased horsepower is that two-stroke motors ignite on every stroke of the engine unlike four-stroke engines that ignite fuel every other stroke.
  • Another advantage to two-stroke engines over four-stroke engines is 2-stroke engines require less valves and as a consequence are much simpler and cheaper to manufacture.
  • two-stroke and four-stroke engines burn traditional gasoline fuel
  • two-stroke engine operation requires the addition of a lubricant in the fuel in ratios of 40:1 or 50:1 to reduce friction thereby preventing damage to the cylinder, piston, and rings resulting from overheating.
  • Two-stroke engines produce more horsepower and are much cheaper to produce than their four-stroke counterpart. Unfortunately, this increase in horsepower comes at the price of increased concentrations of pollutants in the exhaust gases. These engines have been able to continue to operate unregulated until recently.
  • the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has begun to enforce stricter regulations for these types of engines.
  • the design of the two-stroke engine is such that a fuel/lubricant mixture is injected into the cylinder on every stroke. This type of operation results in unused fuel, lubricant, and carbon monoxide being released in the exhaust stream into the atmosphere. For example, one chainsaw operated for two hours emits the same mass of hydrocarbon as ten 1995 model cars driven 250 miles each. Hydrocarbons are one of the many concerns the EPA has expressed about these engines.
  • MTBE oxygenate methyl tert-butyl ether
  • Environmentally friendly fuels such as ethanol and biodiesel are presently used in spark and compression ignited internal combustion engines.
  • the mixing of petroleum-derived fuels with renewable fuels such as ethanol or biodiesel is a common practice and its use is expected to significantly increase in the coming years.
  • Rifkin et al. (1983) patented Gasohol, a mixture of gasoline, ethanol, and demulsifying agent for use in a four-stroke engine.
  • Gasohol left the market due in some part to public acceptance problems, the blending of ethanol into gasoline has increased in popularity based on concerns over the currently used oxygenate, MTBE.
  • gasoline/ethanol fuel cannot be used in a two-stroke engine without the A addition of a lubricating agent.
  • Two-stroke engines can be operated using a variety of fuels such as gasoline, alcohols, ethers, and mixtures of these.
  • fuels such as gasoline, alcohols, ethers, and mixtures of these.
  • traditional two-stroke engine lubricants are not miscible with all of the aforementioned fuels.
  • ethanol is not miscible with petroleum derived two-stroke engine oil and cannot be used unless a suitable lubricant is mixed in with this fuel.
  • Fuels containing other alcohols, ethers, or mixtures thereof will face the same immiscible issues.
  • FIG. 1 Base transesterification reaction of a trialkylglyceride with methanol.
  • the fuel mixture is comprised primarily of a fuel and a lubricant. Both the fuel and lubricant are completely renewable and environmentally friendly.
  • the fuel component of this mixture may include alcohols, ethers, ketones, gasoline, alcohol/gasoline blended fuels, nitromethane, or any combination of these fuels while the lubricant portion of the mixture includes one or more lipids, biodiesel, fatty acid alkyl esters, free fatty acids, or any combination thereof.
  • the composition of the lubricating fuel to be used in the engine may range from 40% to less than 100% by weight of alcohols, ethers, ketones, alcohol/gasoline blended fuels, gasoline, nitromethane, or any combination of these fuels and greater than zero to 60% by weight lipids, biodiesel, fatty acid alkyl esters, free fatty acids, or any combination thereof.
  • These fuel/lubricant mixtures may also contain performance or compatibility enhancing compounds. Operation of two-stroke engines on these fuel/lubricant mixtures is expected to produce fewer pollutants in the exhaust.
  • ethanol and biodiesel or other fatty acid alkyl esters could be blended in the following percent ranges 99-85% ethanol with 1-15% lipid, biodiesel, fatty acid methyl esters, or free fatty acids as the lubricant to produce the fuel mixture.
  • This invention provides an environmentally friendly fuel mixture that when burned would produce much cleaner emissions than the traditional gasoline/lubricant mixtures currently used.
  • lubricants are lipids, biodiesel (traditionally vegetable oils and animal fat), other fatty acid alkyl esters, or free fatty acids. Lipids have been shown to be excellent lubricants in other applications. Biodiesel, for instance, is known to have a higher lubricity values than both petroleum diesel and Jet A-1 fuel. Some of these lubricants are completely miscible in alcohol and would provide the needed lubrication for the proper operation of the engine.
  • Lipids like ethanol are considered to be a negative producer of carbon dioxide since their originals are biological in nature. Lipids originate from a variety of sources such as plant, animal, and microbial. Biodiesel and other fatty acids alkyl esters are produced via the transesterification reaction of lipids (traditionally triglycerides) to produce glycerin and fatty acid methyl esters as shown in FIG. 1 . Lipids are fats that are produced by all living organisms. Biodiesel is most commonly produced from vegetable oils such as soybean and rapeseed and must pass ASTM 6751 tests. Diesel engines that have been operated using neat biodiesel or petroleum-derived diesel blended with biodiesel have shown similar performance with the following exceptions.
  • the first is the decrease in SOX and a slight increase in NO x when operated using biodiesel or biodiesel blends.
  • the second is notable decreases in engine wear when operated using neat biodiesel or biodiesel blends.
  • the present inventors have found that biodiesel has a much better lubricity factor than petroleum-derived diesel and as a consequence extends the life of the engine.
  • a fuel comprised of alcohols, ethers, gasoline, ketones, alcohol/gasoline blended fuels, or any combination of these fuels with a lubricant comprised of lipid, biodiesel, fatty acid alkyl esters, or free fatty acids provide similar performance with improved emissions and engine wear.
  • a lubricant comprised of lipid, biodiesel, fatty acid alkyl esters, or free fatty acids
  • the embodiments disclosed herein are significantly better in terms of environmental impact because soil microorganisms would easily degrade raw product released into the environment and the emissions would not contribute to the greenhouse effect like petroleum-derived fuels and lubricants. Emissions are greatly improved through the use of environmentally friendly fuels such as renewable fuels and lubricants. The release of hydrocarbons in the exhaust could be reduced to well below the EPA's required levels. Although the lubricant in the lubricating fuel would still be introduced into the environment, it would be environmentally benign.
  • the lubricating fuel includes a mixture comprised of 85-99% denatured ethanol or other primary alcohol as the fuel and 1-15% lipid, biodiesel, fatty acid methyl esters, or free fatty acids as the lubricant.
  • the lipids, fatty acid alkyl esters, and free fatty acids are distinctly different from the alkyl esters disclosed by Norton et al. which are not disclosed as components in a self-lubricating fuel.
  • the present inventors found that combinations of these materials with ethanol provide a self-lubricating fuel.
  • Such a fuel can be used in any internal combustion engine and are particularly well-suited to use in two-cycle engines with or without the use of additional lubricants.
  • a range of lubricating fuel compositions is available, which can also include ethers, ketone, nitromethane. etc.
  • the fuel may be suitably selected from one or more alcohol, gasoline, ether, ketone, nitromethane, or combination thereof.
  • the fuel may be present in the lubricating fuel in an amount ranging from 40% to less than 100% by weight of the lubricating fuel. This range includes all values and subranges therebetween, including 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 56, 57, 48, 49, 50, 52, 54, 56, 58, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 95.5, 96, 96.5, 97, 97.5, 98, 98.5, 99, 99.5, and less than 100% by weight.
  • the alcohol may include a C 1-6 alcohol or a C 1 or C 3-6 alcohol.
  • the alcohol may be branched or unbranched, denatured, neat, anhydrous, aqueous, fuel grade, or other alcohol.
  • Nonlimiting examples of the alcohol include hexanol, pentanol, butanol, isobutanol, propanol, isopropanol, ethanol, methanol. Combinations of alcohols are possible.
  • the alcohol may be ethanol.
  • the fuel excludes ethanol.
  • the alcohol may include a mixture of ethanol, methanol, isopropanol and pentanol.
  • the gasoline may include a blended or unblended gasoline. It may be leaded or unleaded. Combinations of gasoline are possible.
  • the fuel is a gasoline/alcohol blend, for example, gasohol.
  • the fuel may include a mixture of 90% by weight gasoline and 10% by weight ethanol.
  • the ether may include any volatile or inflammable ether.
  • the ether may be an dialkyl ether, alkyl-aryl ether, or aryl-aryl ether. Some nonlimiting examples of the ether include dimethyl ether, methoxyethane, and diethyl ether. Combinations of ethers are possible.
  • the ketone may include any volatile or inflammable ketone.
  • ketones include acetone, butanone, and acetophenone. Combinations of ketones are possible.
  • the fuel may include a mixture of alcohol/ether/ketone.
  • the lubricating fuel may include a mixture of alcohol/ether/ketone in combination with biodiesel.
  • the fuel may include nitromethane alone, or in combination with one or more of the C 1-6 alcohols, gasoline, ether, and/or ketone.
  • the lubricant may be suitably selected from one or more biodiesel, lipid, fatty acid alkyl ester, fatty acid, or combination thereof.
  • the lubricant may be present in the lubricating fuel in an amount ranging from greater than 0% to 60% by weight of the lubricating fuel. This range includes all values and subranges therebetween, including greater than 0, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 25, 27, 30, 32, 35, 37, 40, 45, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, and 60% by weight.
  • the lipid may include any lubricating lipid.
  • Some nonlimiting examples of lipids include trialkylglycerol, vegetable oil, soya oil, corn oil, peanut oil, chemically oxidized oil, diakylglyceride, monoalkylglyceride, and phospholipid. Combinations of lipids are possible.
  • the lubricating fuel may include a mixture of one or more lipids such as trialkylglycerol (for example vegetable oil, soya oil, corn oil, peanut oil, etc.) dialkylglyceride, monoalkylglyceride, and/or phospholipid, in combination with one or more alcohols.
  • the lubricating fuel may include a mixture of one or more lipids (for example trialkylglycerol, dialkylglyceride, monoalkylglyceride, and/or phospholipid) in combination with a mixture of alcohols (for example ethanol, methanol, isopropanol, and pentanol).
  • the lubricating fuel may include a mixture of one or more lipids (for example trialkylglycerol, dialkylglyceride, monoalkylglyceride, and/or phospholipid) and an alcohol/gasoline blend.
  • the lubricating fuel may include a mixture of one or more lipids (for example trialkylglycerol, dialkylglyceride, monoalkylglyceride, and/or phospholipid, etc.) in combination with a gasoline blended fuel.
  • the lubricating fuel may include a mixture of one or more lipids (for example trialkylglycerol, dialkylglyceride, monoalkylglyceride, and/or phospholipid) in combination with one or more ethers (for example dimethyl ether, methoxyethane, and/or diethyl ether).
  • the lubricating fuel may include a mixture of one or more lipids (for example trialkylglycerol, dialkylglyceride, monoalkylglyceride, and/or phospholipid) in combination with one or more ketones (for example acetone, butanone, acetophenone, etc.).
  • the lubricating fuel may include a mixture of one or more lipids (for example trialkylglycerol, dialkylglyceride, monoalkylglyceride, and/or phospholipid) in combination with an alcohol/ether/ketone mixture.
  • lipids for example trialkylglycerol, dialkylglyceride, monoalkylglyceride, and/or phospholipid
  • the fatty acid alkyl ester may include any lubricating fatty acid alkyl ester.
  • fatty acid alkyl ester include those having the formula RCHOOR′ wherein R is a straight chain, saturated or unsaturated C 3-21 alkyl group and R′ is a straight or branched, saturated or unsaturated C 1-6 alkyl group.
  • RCHOOR′ wherein R is a straight chain, saturated or unsaturated C 3-21 alkyl group and R′ is a straight or branched, saturated or unsaturated C 1-6 alkyl group.
  • fatty acid alkyl ester include methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, or hexyl esters of butyric, lauric, myristic, palmitic, stearic, or arachidic acid. Combinations of fatty acid alkyl esters are possible.
  • the lubricating fuel may include a mixture of one or more fatty acid alkyl esters and one or more C 1-6 alcohol. In one embodiment, the lubricating fuel may include a mixture of one or more fatty acid alkyl esters and ethanol. In one embodiment, the lubricating fuel may include a mixture of one or more fatty acid alkyl esters and one or more alcohols other than ethanol (for example hexanol, pentanol, butanol, isobutanol, propanol, isopropanol, methanol, etc.).
  • the lubricating fuel may include a mixture of one or more fatty acid alkyl esters and a mixture of ethanol, methanol, isopropanol and pentanol. In one embodiment, the lubricating fuel may include a mixture of one or more fatty acid alkyl esters and an alcohol/gasoline blended fuel. In one embodiment, the lubricating fuel may include a mixture of one or more fatty acid alkyl esters and gasoline or a gasoline blended fuel. In one embodiment, the lubricating fuel may include a mixture of one or more fatty acid alkyl esters and one or more ether.
  • the lubricating fuel may include a mixture of one or more fatty acid alkyl esters and one or more ketone. In one embodiment, the lubricating fuel may include a mixture of one or more fatty acid alkyl esters and an alcohol/ether/ketone mixture.
  • the fatty acid may include any lubricating free fatty acid.
  • fatty acid include those having the formula RCHOOH wherein R is a straight chain, saturated or unsaturated C 3-21 alkyl group.
  • fatty acids include butyric, lauric, myristic, palmitic, stearic, or arachidic acid. Combinations of fatty acids are possible.
  • the lubricating fuel may include a mixture of one or more fatty acids and one or more C 1-6 alcohols. In one embodiment, the lubricating fuel may include a mixture of one or more fatty acids and one or more alcohols other than ethanol (for example hexanol, pentanol, butanol, isobutanol, propanol, isopropanol, methanol, etc.). In one embodiment, the lubricating fuel may include a mixture of one or more fatty acids and a mixture of ethanol, methanol, isopropanol and pentanol). In one embodiment, the lubricating fuel may include a mixture of one or more fatty acids and an alcohol/gasoline blended fuel.
  • the lubricating fuel may include a mixture of one or more fatty acids and one or more gasoline blended fuel. In one embodiment, the lubricating fuel may include a mixture of one or more fatty acids and one or more ether. In one embodiment, the lubricating fuel may include a mixture of one or more fatty acids and one or more ketone. In one embodiment, the lubricating fuel may include a mixture of one or more fatty acids and an alcohol/ether/ketone mixture.
  • the lubricating fuel may optionally contain one or more fuel conditioners to improve the properties of the resulting fuel mixture. Examples of these include cold flow improvement agents, ignition improvement agents, and the like.
  • the lubricating fuel may optionally contain one or more compounds which improve engine compatibility (for example corrosion inhibiting agent, anitmicrobial agent, and the like).
  • the lubricating fuel may optionally contain 0-40% by weight two-stroke engine oil.
  • the lubricating fuel may optionally contain 0-40% by weight water. Mixtures are possible.
  • nitromethane may be present as an additive, though in a smaller amount. In such an embodiment, the nitromethane is present in an amount less than 40% by weight.
  • the lubricating fuel includes a lipid lubrication component and one or more of the following fuel components:
  • the lubricating fuel in the preceding paragraph additionally comprises a fatty acid alkyl ester. In one embodiment, the lubricating fuel in the preceding paragraph additionally comprises a free fatty acid.
  • the lubricating fuel includes an alkyl ester lubrication component and one or more of the following fuel components:
  • Suitable applications include both small and large engines.
  • small engines such as string trimmers, chain saws, leaf blowers, lawn mowers, etc.
  • the lubricating fuel could be sold in prepackaged gallon/s quantities.
  • larger engines such as outboard motors, personal water crafts, all terrain vehicles, motorcycles, cars, etc.
  • the lubricating fuel could be sold through metered pumps.

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  • Lubricants (AREA)
US11/373,176 2005-03-11 2006-03-13 Renewable fuel/lubricant mixture for use in a two-stroke internal combustion engine Abandoned US20070056213A1 (en)

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US20080244960A1 (en) * 2007-04-09 2008-10-09 Randall Fischer Fuel blends
US20080282605A1 (en) * 2007-05-17 2008-11-20 Baker Hughes Incorporated Method for improving biodiesel fuel
US20090126262A1 (en) * 2007-11-20 2009-05-21 Board Of Trustees Of Michigan State University Process for producing mixed esters of fatty acids as biofuels
US20100043280A1 (en) * 2007-08-13 2010-02-25 Martin Allan Morris Bio-fuel and process for making bio-fuel
US20100077656A1 (en) * 2008-09-30 2010-04-01 Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. Active Denaturants for Biofuels to Improve Fuel Economy
US20100242347A1 (en) * 2009-03-27 2010-09-30 Man Nutzfahrzeuge Ag Diesel fuel based on ethanol
US20110283604A1 (en) * 2010-05-21 2011-11-24 Butamax(Tm) Advanced Biofuels Llc Biodegradation of renewable hydrocarbon fuel blends
US20130239462A1 (en) * 2012-03-15 2013-09-19 William E. Olliges Hexylene Glycol Fuel Additive Containing Boric Acid For Inhibiting Phase Separation And Corrosion In Ethanol Blended Fuels
US20170183591A1 (en) * 2015-12-28 2017-06-29 Ronald J. Dobala Gasoline engine lubricant

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WO2020194030A1 (fr) * 2019-03-26 2020-10-01 Bautista Sterling Cesar Procédé et appareil d'utilisation simultanée de b100 à double fonction dans des moteurs diesel: étape 1 comme biolubrifiant et étape 2 comme biocombustible

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Cited By (18)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20080244960A1 (en) * 2007-04-09 2008-10-09 Randall Fischer Fuel blends
WO2008124800A1 (fr) * 2007-04-09 2008-10-16 Ethanol Eex, Llc Mélanges de carburant
US20080282605A1 (en) * 2007-05-17 2008-11-20 Baker Hughes Incorporated Method for improving biodiesel fuel
US7918905B2 (en) * 2007-05-17 2011-04-05 Baker Hughes Incorporated Method for improving biodiesel fuel
US20100043280A1 (en) * 2007-08-13 2010-02-25 Martin Allan Morris Bio-fuel and process for making bio-fuel
US8207362B2 (en) 2007-08-13 2012-06-26 Bio-Alternative, LLC Bio-fuel and process for making bio-fuel
US20090126262A1 (en) * 2007-11-20 2009-05-21 Board Of Trustees Of Michigan State University Process for producing mixed esters of fatty acids as biofuels
US8613780B2 (en) 2007-11-20 2013-12-24 Board Of Trustees Of Michigan State University Process for producing mixed esters of fatty acids as biofuels
US8894725B2 (en) 2007-11-20 2014-11-25 Board Of Trustees Of Michigan State University Process for producing mixed esters of fatty acids as biofuels
US20100077656A1 (en) * 2008-09-30 2010-04-01 Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. Active Denaturants for Biofuels to Improve Fuel Economy
WO2010059694A1 (fr) * 2008-11-21 2010-05-27 Bio-Alternative, LLC Biocarburant et procédé de fabrication du biocarburant
US9982207B2 (en) 2009-03-27 2018-05-29 Man Truck & Bus Ag Diesel fuel based on ethanol
US20100242347A1 (en) * 2009-03-27 2010-09-30 Man Nutzfahrzeuge Ag Diesel fuel based on ethanol
US20110283604A1 (en) * 2010-05-21 2011-11-24 Butamax(Tm) Advanced Biofuels Llc Biodegradation of renewable hydrocarbon fuel blends
US20130239462A1 (en) * 2012-03-15 2013-09-19 William E. Olliges Hexylene Glycol Fuel Additive Containing Boric Acid For Inhibiting Phase Separation And Corrosion In Ethanol Blended Fuels
US9447340B2 (en) * 2012-03-15 2016-09-20 William E. Olliges Hexylene glycol fuel additive containing boric acid for inhibiting phase separation and corrosion in Ethanol Blended Fuels
US20170183591A1 (en) * 2015-12-28 2017-06-29 Ronald J. Dobala Gasoline engine lubricant
US10400189B2 (en) * 2015-12-28 2019-09-03 Ronald J. Dobala Gasoline engine lubricant

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