US20070044397A1 - Skid resistant surfaces - Google Patents

Skid resistant surfaces Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US20070044397A1
US20070044397A1 US11/199,943 US19994305A US2007044397A1 US 20070044397 A1 US20070044397 A1 US 20070044397A1 US 19994305 A US19994305 A US 19994305A US 2007044397 A1 US2007044397 A1 US 2007044397A1
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
underlayment
layer
rubber
pressure sensitive
roofing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US11/199,943
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Robert Wiercinski
David Zalanowski
Paul Westgate
Felek Jachimowicz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
WR Grace and Co Conn
Original Assignee
WR Grace and Co Conn
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by WR Grace and Co Conn filed Critical WR Grace and Co Conn
Priority to US11/199,943 priority Critical patent/US20070044397A1/en
Assigned to W.R. GRACE & CO.-CONN. reassignment W.R. GRACE & CO.-CONN. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: WESTGATE, PAUL J., ZALANOWSKI, DAVID P., WIERCINSKI, ROBERT A., JACHIMOWICZ, FELEK
Priority to CA2617825A priority patent/CA2617825C/en
Priority to EP06789539A priority patent/EP1934415A1/en
Priority to MX2008001453A priority patent/MX2008001453A/es
Priority to JP2008526112A priority patent/JP2009504948A/ja
Priority to US12/063,180 priority patent/US8079184B2/en
Priority to PCT/US2006/030763 priority patent/WO2007021653A1/en
Publication of US20070044397A1 publication Critical patent/US20070044397A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D5/00—Roof covering by making use of flexible material, e.g. supplied in roll form
    • E04D5/10—Roof covering by making use of flexible material, e.g. supplied in roll form by making use of compounded or laminated materials, e.g. metal foils or plastic films coated with bitumen
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D12/00—Non-structural supports for roofing materials, e.g. battens, boards
    • E04D12/002—Sheets of flexible material, e.g. roofing tile underlay

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to skid-resistant surfaces especially when wet, and in particular to skid-resistant trafficable surfaces such as roofs and floors as well as skid resistant packaging for lumber and the like.
  • roofing underlayments are typically installed over the roof deck and under the primary roof covering or overlayment, which can be asphalt shingles, metal shingles, or metal roofing, tiles such as Spanish or slate tile, wood shakes, concrete, slate, etc.
  • the underlayment provides a secondary moisture barrier to protect the roof deck and building interior from moisture that may penetrate through the primary roof covering.
  • Commercially effective underlayments must maintain their strength and integrity even after exposure to the elements. Underlayments are used both in new construction and in re-roofing projects.
  • the carrier support film may comprise a variety of materials, such as rubber, plastic, and/or metal, or combinations of the same.
  • the use of metals is desirable, for example, to improve dimensional stability of the support film, which is subjected to oil migration from the oil-plasticized bitumen layer.
  • cross-laminated plastic films such as high density polyethylene, for improved stability of the carrier support sheet.
  • Such pre-formed waterproofing membrane laminates are considered “sheet-like” because they are sufficiently flexible that they can be rolled up and transported after manufacture to the job site where they are unrolled and installed on the building surface.
  • This kind of membrane laminate, useful as an underlayment on sloped roofs is commercially available from Grace Construction Products (W.R. Grace & Co.-Conn) under the name “ICE & WATER SHIELD” (a registered trademark of W.R.Grace & Co.-Conn.)
  • the underlayment is applied to the roof deck before installation of the overlayment.
  • the function of the membrane underlayment is to seal around roofing fasteners and to protect against damage from ice dams and wind-driven rain.
  • TEZ-FLEX 30 Another commercially available example of an underlayment is “TRI-FLEX 30 ”, (a product also available from Grace Construction Products) which is spun-bonded polypropylene coated with a thin layer of U.V. stabilized polypropylene on both of its surfaces.
  • roofing underlayment In addition to its water shedding capabilities, an important characteristic of a roofing underlayment is its skid or slip resistance. Since roofing applicators must walk on the underlayment during roofing installation, the exposed surface should have a sufficiently high coefficient of friction, even when wet, so as to minimize or prevent an applicator from slipping when walking or standing on the surface.
  • the roofing underlayment be rollable for ease of transportation and handling, and be readily unrollable, ideally by a single person, for application.
  • maintaining unrollability while providing sufficient skid resistance can be problematic, particularly where the skid resistance is due to the tackiness or stickiness of the walking surface. That is, the same tackiness that is advantageously used to provide skid resistance can make it difficult or impossible to unroll the underlayment, particularly if the unrolling is to be carried out by only one person.
  • the underlayment be light in weight, i.e. low weight per unit area. Lightweight provides for easier transportation to the roofdeck and easier installation. There are fewer trips up a ladder to a roofdeck with a lightweight membrane as compared to a heavier membrane. Some underlayments comprise a heavy layer of a large particulate that provides for a heavyweight membrane.
  • One embodiment of the invention is the provision of a skid-resistant surface comprising a substrate coated with a skid resistant layer.
  • the substrate is preferably a pedestrian trafficable surface such as a roofing or flooring surface.
  • the skid or slip-resistant layer is preferably a pressure sensitive adhesive or a highly filled textured binder.
  • the underlayment is preferably a multi-layered sheet material that includes a support layer composed of a film or fabric or both, and a skid or slip resistant layer on one or both faces of the support layer.
  • the skid or slip resistant layer is preferably a pressure sensitive adhesive or a highly filled textured binder.
  • the resulting sheet-like underlayment is sufficiently flexible to allow it to be formed into rolls and readily installed by unrolling over a support structure such as a roof deck. It also provides a sloped walking surface having a high coefficient of friction and excellent skid resistance even when wet and/or dusty, and even at high roof pitches such as those between about 4:12 and 12:12.
  • the present invention relates to a method of forming a skid-resistant surface useful for example as a roofing underlayment by coating a thin layer of a pressure sensitive adhesive or a filled textured binder to a support layer such as a film or fabric, and to a method of waterproofing a roof or floor by unrolling the underlayment and applying it to the roof or floor such as by mechanical fastening or with an adhesive.
  • Another embodiment of the invention is an organic or inorganic roofing felt coated with a pressure sensitive adhesive or a highly filled textured binder.
  • Another embodiment of the invention is an exposed roofing membrane coated with a pressure sensitive adhesive or a highly filled textured binder.
  • Another embodiment of the invention is a roof decking comprising plywood or other decking material such as oriented strand board coated with a pressure sensitive adhesive or a highly filled textured binder.
  • Another embodiment of the invention is non-skid flexible packaging comprising a support layer coated with a pressure sensitive adhesive or a highly filled textured binder.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a roofing underlayment in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a roofing underlayment in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a roofing underlayment in accordance with yet another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a roofing underlayment in accordance with still another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a roofing underlayment in accordance with a still further embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a roofing underlayment in accordance with yet another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIGS. 7A-7C are photomicrographs of a non-skids surface of the invention comprising a filled textured binder, looking down from above at the surface;
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic of a Meyer rod coater
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic of a modified Meyer rod coater
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic of a gravure coater
  • FIG. 11 is a plot of adhesion value, a measure of blocking, versus adhesive coating thickness for an SIS pressure sensitive adhesive on various membranes
  • FIG. 12 is a plot of adhesion value, a measure of blocking, versus adhesive coating thickness for an acrylic pressure sensitive adhesive on various membranes
  • FIG. 13 is a plot of adhesion value, a measure of blocking, versus adhesive coating thickness for an SEBS pressure sensitive adhesive on various membranes
  • FIG. 14 is a plot of adhesion value, a measure of blocking, versus membrane type for a filled acrylic pressure sensitive adhesive
  • FIG. 15 is a plot of adhesion value, a measure of blocking, versus coating volume for a filled SEBS pressure sensitive adhesive on various membranes.
  • FIG. 16 is a plot of adhesion value, a measure of blocking, versus coating volume for a filled SEBS pressure sensitive adhesive at various loadings of filler by volume.
  • roofing surfaces include rollable roofing underlayments including synthetic polymeric mechanically attached underlayments, synthetic polymeric adhesively attached underlayments, organic and inorganic asphalt saturated roofing felts, liquid-applied roofing surfaces including urethanes, asphaltic-based materials, acrylics, and silicones, etc.
  • roofing surfaces further may be rollable exposed roofing membranes including rubber sheets, vinyl sheets, and TPO sheets.
  • Flooring surfaces include wood-based materials, Portland cement-based materials, ceramic materials, naturally occurring stone materials, and synthetic polymeric materials as well as composite materials containing combinations of the foregoing.
  • Suitable pressure sensitive adhesive layers comprise rubbers such as those selected from the group consisting of SIS (styrene-isoprene-styrene block copolymers), SBS (styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymers), SEBS (styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene block copolymers), SBR, natural rubber, silicone rubber, butyl rubber, polyisoprene, polyisobutylene, chloroprene, ethylene-propylene rubber, ethylene alpha olefin, polybutadiene, nitrile rubbers, and acrylic rubber.
  • a rubber modified bitumen pressure sensitive adhesive may also be used.
  • the pressure sensitive adhesive comprises a weatherable rubber such as those selected from the group consisting of SEBS, acrylic, silicone, and butyl.
  • the pressure sensitive adhesive used is free of surfactant, since the presence of surfactant tends to reduce the skid resistance when the surface is wet.
  • the pressure sensitive adhesive generally comprises a rubber, a tackifier, and a plasticizer.
  • the plasticizer and tackifier modify the properties of the rubber to make it pressure sensitive.
  • a plasticizer is generally a low molecular weight ingredient that is compatible with the rubber. It lowers the plateau modulus of a mixture of rubber and plasticizer vs. the rubber alone.
  • a tackifier is generally a low molecular weight ingredient that is compatible with the rubber and exhibits a high glass transition temperature vs. the rubber. It lowers the plateau modulus of a mixture of rubber and tackifier vs. the rubber alone, and the glass transition temperature of the blend of tackifier and rubber is higher than rubber alone.
  • the pressure sensitive adhesive may comprise rubber alone. Such is the case for some acrylic polymers such as butyl acrylate and ethyl-hexyl acrylate that are inherently pressure sensitive.
  • the pressure sensitive adhesive layer is used in a thickness of less than or equal to about 10 microns, more preferably less than or equal to about 5 microns.
  • Use of such a thin pressure sensitive layer insures good skid-resistance, including wet skid-resistance, while insuring that a pedestrian does not become stuck to the surface while walking.
  • the pressure sensitive adhesive exhibits a minimum peel adhesion value of 1 pound per linear inch (pli) to the substrate.
  • Adhesion is measured by applying a one inch wide tape comprising a 5 mil layer of the pressure sensitive adhesive laminated to the face of a 4 mil thick cross-laminated, high density polyethylene sheet such as “Valeron”, a commercial product of Valeron Strength Films, to the substrate.
  • This “tape” may be prepared by coating the pressure sensitive adhesive from solution and drying, or coating the molten pressure sensitive adhesive at elevated temperature onto the 4 mil Valeton.
  • the face of the pressure sensitive adhesive side of the one inch wide tape is applied to the substrate.
  • the construction is rolled in four times in one second passes with a 30 pound roller.
  • Adhesion is measured fifteen minutes later with a mechanical test device such as an Instron. The peel angle is 90 degrees.
  • the cross-head speed is 2′′/min.
  • the binder is a material that adheres to both the filler and the substrate, as described in a test below, and is organic solvent soluble.
  • Preferred binders include: pressure sensitive adhesives as described above for a skid resistant layer comprising only a pressure sensitive adhesive, rubbers, and resins.
  • Another preferred binder comprises an amorphous polyolefin such as that produced by Eastman Chemical under the trade name “Eastoflex”.
  • binders that comprise a rubber the rubber is selected from the group consisting of SIS (styrene-isoprene-styrene block copolymers), SBS (styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymers), SEBS (styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene block copolymers), SBR, natural rubber, silicone rubber, butyl rubber, polyisoprene, polyisobutylene, chloroprene, ethylene-propylene rubber, ethylene alpha olefin, polybutadiene, nitrile rubbers, thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPUs), thermoplastic polyolefins (TPOs), and acrylic rubber.
  • SIS styrene-isoprene-styrene block copolymers
  • SBS styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymers
  • SEBS styrene-ethylene
  • the rubber is weatherable such as those selected from the group consisting of SEBS, acrylic, silicone, and butyl.
  • the rubber used is free of surfactant, since the presence of surfactant tends to reduce the skid-resistance when the surface is wet.
  • the resin may be selected from a group of materials including hydrocarbon resins, C-5 hydrocarbon resins, C-9 hydrocarbon resins, (C-5) 2 hydrocarbon resins, rosin acids, rosin esters, terpene resins, coumarone indene resins, phenol formaldehyde resins, urea formaldehyde resins, melamine resins, polyester resins, acrylic resins, alkyd resins, bitumen, aldehyde & ketone resins, amides & polyamides, amines & polyamines, maleic resins, melamine resins, oxazole resins, phenolic resins, phenoxy resins, phthalic anhydrides, styrene resins, urea resins, vinyl resins.
  • the resin has a Tg or ring and ball softening point that is greater than or exceeds 75F. More preferably the resin has a Tg or ring
  • Adhesion of the filled textured binder to the substrate is measured in a peel adhesion test using a pre-formed pressure sensitive tape.
  • a 2′′ wide preformed tape (commercially available as “Preprufe”, a registered trademark of W.R. Grace & Co.-Conn.) is applied to the non-skid coated substrate.
  • the sample is rolled 4 times, at 1 second per pass, with a 30 lb roller.
  • Adhesion is measured in a T-peel adhesion test 15 min after rolling at a crosshead speed of 2′′ per minute with an Instron mechanical tester.
  • the peel adhesion value must be greater than 1 pound per linear inch (“pli”).
  • the adhesion value is greater than 2 pounds pli.
  • the filler particles are preferably substantially coated with binder and the coating is textured. “Substantially” coated means that at least about 95 percent of the filler's surface is coated. By “textured” is meant that the filler particles protrude from the surface and thus the surface coating is uneven and not smooth or planar. Such a textured surface is shown in FIGS. 7A-7C where the individual particles of coated filler are visually detectable in an SEM photomicrograph.
  • the filler particles must be substantially coated with binder as a result of the preferred manufacturing process. This preferred process involves producing a coating comprising the binder, the filler, and a solvent that dissolves the binder, applying the coating to a substrate, and removing the solvent by evaporation thereby depositing a layer of coating on the filler particles.
  • the filler is inorganic or organic and is used in an amount of at least about 25 percent by volume of the filled textured binder. In a preferred embodiment the filler is inorganic or organic and is used in an amount of greater than or equal to about 45 percent by volume. Use of a high filler volume insures that the filled binder is textured. If the filler volume is too low the layer is relatively smooth.
  • the filler has a maximum average particle size of less than about 100 microns. Preferably the filler has a maximum average particle size of up to about 50 microns. More preferably the filler has a maximum average particle size up to about 25 microns.
  • particles as used herein is intended to encompass particles having regular (e.g., spherical) or irregular shapes, as well as shards.
  • Suitable inorganic fillers include calcium carbonate, silica, clay, talc, vermiculite, mica, titanium dioxide, fly ash, alumina trihydrate, and slag
  • the coating volume of the filled textured binder layer is less than 10 cc/ft2, more preferably less than about 5 cc/ft2, and most preferably less than about 2 cc/ft2.
  • Inorganic particulates that react with water may also be used. These include Portland cement calcium oxide, high-alumina cement, blast furnace slag, pozzolanas, and pozzolanic cement. These fillers may hydrate after the underlayment is installed on the roof deck. The net effect is an increase in the average size of the particulate after the membrane is installed.
  • the skid-resistant surfaces are applied to a substrate as an organic solvent-based coating.
  • the coating comprises a pressure sensitive adhesive and an organic solvent.
  • the coating comprises a binder, filler, and an organic solvent.
  • the coatings may be applied to a substrate by brush, roller, or spray application. The solvent evaporates leaving the non-skid coating.
  • Continuous processes for coating a substrate are also contemplated. These processes include spray, roll coating, gravure coating, and knife coating.
  • Another embodiment of the invention is a roofing underlayment comprising a woven fabric, a non-woven fabric, a film, or a combination of these and a skid-resistant layer comprising a pressure sensitive adhesive or a highly filled textured binder.
  • the preferred underlayments to which a skid resistance layer is added comprises a spun bonded polypropylene substrate, both sides of which have been extrusion coated with a polyolefin, and an underlayment comprising a woven fabric that is laminated to a polyolefin film.
  • the underlayment 10 has an uppermost layer 13 of the skid-resistant layer of the invention supported by a support layer which can be one or more layers of a film or fabric, or both.
  • the support layer is comprised of a lowermost layer 11 of fabric and intermediate layer 12 of film.
  • Suitable films 12 are those comprised of a synthetic organic polymer such as a polyolefin or a blend of polyolefins, and films mentioned as suitable for this layer hereinafter.
  • the preferred film is polypropylene or polyethylene or films made from mixtures of such.
  • the present invention also contemplates the use of more than one film layer, such as layers laminated and/or co-extruded or cross-laminated together.
  • the underlayments can be produced by any method known in the art such as extrusion, lamination and calendaring.
  • the film layer 12 has a thickness in the range from 0.5 mils to 10 mils. Preferably, the thickness is in the range from 1 mil to 3 mils.
  • Suitable fabrics for use in the support layer 11 include both natural and synthetic woven and non-woven fabrics, and preferably is synthetic such as a polyolefin, such as polypropylene or polyethylene, a polyester, etc., or glass.
  • the woven fabric has less than or equal to 25 percent open space.
  • Woven and non-woven fabrics exhibit a weight ranging from 0.5 oz/yd2 to 10 oz/yd2.
  • woven and non-woven fabrics exhibit a weight in the range from 1 oz/yd2 to 3 oz/yd2.
  • the support layer is comprised of (i) a non-woven or woven fabric layer 11 , and (ii) a synthetic organic polymer film 12 attached to one surface of the fabric 11 .
  • a skid-resistance layer 13 On the surface of the synthetic organic polymer film 12 is a skid-resistance layer 13 , which is a pressure sensitive adhesive or a highly filled textured binder. It is this skid-resistance layer 13 that provides the walking surface for the roof applicator, and is ultimately covered by the primary roof covering or overlayment such as shingles or tiles.
  • fabric layer 11 is a non-woven fabric, it may be comprised of one or more synthetic organic polymers such as polyolefins, for example polypropylene or polyethylene, or may be comprised of polyester. Polypropylene is preferred. Where fabric layer 11 is a woven fabric, it may be comprised of one or more one or more synthetic polymers such as polyolefins, for example polypropylene, or polyethylene, or may be comprised of polyester. The fabric may also comprise a woven or non-woven glass fiber mat. Fabrics comprised of polypropylene are preferred for use in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 .
  • the synthetic polymer film 12 as aforementioned comprises one or more polymers such as polyolefins, for example polypropylene, polyethylene, a polymer comprising ethylene and propylene, a polymer comprising ethylene and methyl acrylate, a polymer comprising ethylene and ethyl acrylate, a polymer comprising ethylene and butyl acrylate, a polymer comprising ethylene and an alpha olefin, a polymer comprising ethylene and vinyl acetate or polyester, and includes mixtures of the foregoing. Polyethylene, polypropylene, and mixtures of the two are preferred.
  • the synthetic polymer film 12 may also be a coextruded film layer (not shown as such in FIG. 1 ). Each layer may comprise one or more of the polymers listed above.
  • the laminate comprising the non-woven or woven fabric 11 attached to a synthetic organic polymer film 12 may be manufactured by extrusion coating the layer 12 as a polymer melt onto the fabric.
  • Suitable pressure sensitive adhesive layers 13 comprise rubbers such as those selected from the group consisting of SIS (styrene-isoprene-styrene block copolymers), SBS (styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymers), SEBS (styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene block copolymers), SBR, natural rubber, silicone rubber, butyl rubber, polyisoprene, polyisobutylene, chloroprene, ethylene-propylene rubber, ethylene alpha olefin, polybutadiene, nitrile rubbers, and acrylic rubber.
  • a rubber modified bitumen pressure sensitive adhesive may also be used.
  • the pressure sensitive adhesive comprises a weatherable rubber such as those selected from the group consisting of SEBS, acrylic, silicone, and butyl.
  • the pressure sensitive adhesive used is free of surfactant, since the presence of surfactant tends to reduce the skid resistance when the surface is wet.
  • a pressure sensitive adhesive generally comprises a rubber, a tackifier, and a plasticizer.
  • the plasticizer and tackifier modify the properties of the rubber to make it pressure sensitive.
  • a plasticizer is generally a low molecular weight ingredient that is compatible with the rubber. It lowers the plateau modulus of a mixture of rubber and plasticizer vs. the rubber alone.
  • a tackifier is generally a low molecular weight ingredient that is compatible with the rubber and it exhibits a high glass transition temperature vs. the rubber. It lowers the plateau modulus of a mixture of rubber and tackifier vs. the rubber alone, and the glass transition temperature of the blend of tackifier and rubber is higher vs. rubber alone.
  • the pressure sensitive adhesive may comprise rubber alone. Such is the case for some acrylic polymers such as butyl acrylate and ethyl-hexyl acrylate that are inherently pressure sensitive.
  • the pressure sensitive adhesive layer 13 is used in a thickness of less than or equal to about 10 microns, more preferably less than or equal to about 5 microns. Use of such a thin pressure sensitive layer insures good skid resistance, including wet skid resistance, while maintaining the ability to unroll the membrane.
  • the pressure sensitive adhesive exhibits a minimum peel adhesion value of 1 pound per linear inch (pli) to the support sheet.
  • Adhesion is measured by applying a tape comprising a 5 mil layer of the pressure sensitive adhesive to the face of the support sheet in contact with the non-skid layer.
  • This “tape” may be prepared by coating the pressure sensitive adhesive from solution and drying or coating the molten pressure sensitive adhesive at elevated temperature on to the support sheet.
  • the face of a 1′′ wide tape comprising the pressure sensitive adhesive is applied to the face of another layer of support sheet.
  • the “sandwich” is rolled in 4-1 sec. passes with a 30 pound roller.
  • Adhesion is measured fifteen minutes later with a mechanical test device such as an Instron.
  • the peel angle is 180 degrees.
  • the cross-head speed is 2′′/min.
  • the binder is a material that adheres to both the filler and the support sheet, as described in a test below, and is organic solvent soluble.
  • Preferred binders include: pressure sensitive adhesives as described above for a skid resistant layer comprising only a pressure sensitive adhesive, rubbers, and resins.
  • Another preferred binder comprises an amorphous polyolefin like those produced by Eastman Chemical under the trade name of Eastoflex.
  • binders that comprise a rubber the rubber is selected from the group consisting of SIS (styrene-isoprene-styrene block copolymers), SBS (styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymers), SEBS (styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene block copolymers), SBR, natural rubber, silicone rubber, butyl rubber, polyisoprene, polyisobutylene, chloroprene, ethylene-propylene rubber, ethylene alpha olefin, polybutadiene, nitrite rubbers, thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPUs), thermoplastic polyolefins (TPOs), and acrylic rubber.
  • SIS styrene-isoprene-styrene block copolymers
  • SBS styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymers
  • SEBS styrene-ethylene
  • the rubber is weatherable such as those selected from the group consisting of SEBS, acrylic, silicone, and butyl.
  • the rubber used is free of surfactant, since the presence of surfactant tends to reduce the skid resistance when the surface is wet.
  • the resin may be selected from a group of materials including hydrocarbon resins, C-5 hydrocarbon resins, C-9 hydrocarbon resins, (C-5) 2 hydrocarbon resins, rosin acids, rosin esters, terpene resins, coumarone indene resins, phenol formaldehyde resins, urea formaldehyde resins, melamine resins, polyester resins, acrylic resins, alkyd resins, bitumen, aldehyde & ketone resins, amides & polyamides, amines & polyamines, maleic resins, melamine resins, oxazole resins, phenolic resins, phenoxy resins, phthalic anhydrides, styrene resins, urea resins, vinyl resins.
  • the resin has a Tg or ring and ball softening point that is greater than or exceeds 75F. More preferably the resin has a Tg or ring and
  • Adhesion of the filled textured binder to the support sheet is measured in a peel adhesion test using a pre-formed pressure sensitive tape. A 2′′ wide preformed tape. Preprufe® Tape, is applied to the non-skid coated face of the underlayment. The sample is rolled 4 times, at 1 second per pass, with a 30 lb roller. Adhesion is measured in a T-peel adhesion test 15 min after rolling at a cross head speed of 2′′ per minute with an Instron mechanical tester. The peel adhesion value must be greater than 1 pound per linear inch (pli). Preferably, the adhesion value is greater than 2 pounds per linear inch.
  • the filler particles are preferably substantially coated with binder and the coating is textured. This texturing is clearly visible. See FIGS. 7A to 7 C for an illustration.
  • the ability to visually detect particles in an SEM photomicrograph is one test for an embodiment of the invention comprising a filled textured binder.
  • the filler particles must be coated with binder as a result of the preferred manufacturing process. This involves producing a coating comprising the binder, the filler, and a solvent that dissolves the binder, applying the coating to a substrate, and removing the solvent by evaporation thereby depositing a layer of coating on the filler particles.
  • the filler is inorganic or organic and is used in an amount of at least about 25 percent by volume of the filled textured binder. In a preferred embodiment the filler is inorganic or organic and is used in an amount of at least about 45 percent by volume. Use of a high filler volume insures that the filled binder is textured. If the filler volume is too low the layer is relatively smooth.
  • the filler has a maximum average particle size of up to about 100 microns. Preferably the filler has a maximum average particle size of less than about 50 microns. More preferably the filler has a maximum average particle size of up to about 25 microns.
  • particles as used herein is intended to encompass particles having regular (e.g., spherical) or irregular shapes, as well as shards.
  • Suitable inorganic fillers include calcium carbonate, silica, clay, talc, vermiculite, mica, titanium dioxide, fly ash, alumina trihydrate, and slag.
  • the coating volume of the filled textured binder layer is up to about 10 cubic centimeters per square foot, more preferably less than about 5 cc/ft2, and most preferably less than about 2 cc/ft2.
  • Inorganic particulates that react with water may also be used. These include Portland cement, calcium oxide, high-alumina cement, blast furnace slag, pozzolanas, and pozzolanic cement. These fillers may hydrate after the underlayment is installed on the roof deck. The net effect is an increase in the average size of the particulate after the membrane is installed.
  • Some underlayments of the present invention are textured at 2 levels. These include embodiments where the support sheet comprises a woven or a non-woven fabric in direct contact with non-skid layer 13 or separated from non-skid layer 13 by a thin polymer film 12 .
  • One level of texturing is provided by the filler.
  • Another level of texturing is provided by the fabric. While not being bound by theory, it is believed that both levels of texturing contribute to the performance of the underlayments.
  • the dual texturing enhances resistance to “blocking” (the tendency of the front face of the underlayment to stick to its rear face when unrolled) by minimizing contact between opposite faces of the underlayment within a roll of underlayment.
  • the dual texturing also enhances skid resistance by enhancing mechanical interlock between the surface of the underlayment and the sole of a shoe in contact with the surface of the underlayment.
  • the dual texturing also enhances skid resistance by providing channels for lubricant migration when a shoe sole comes into contact with an underlayment that is coated with lubricant(s).
  • Lubricants include water and dirt. To avoid skidding the lubricant must be channeled away from the contact area between a shoe sole and the surface of the underlayment.
  • the pressure sensitive adhesive layer and the filled textured binder layer are preferably coated as a solution in an organic solvent.
  • the organic solvent-based solution of a pressure sensitive adhesive or filled binder is coated onto a web comprising the support layer, and the solvent is removed by evaporation. The resulting web can then be wound into a roll.
  • Suitable organic solvents include those that will completely dissolve the pressure sensitive adhesive or the binder and also exhibit a high vapor pressure so that evaporation can be affected quickly in the coating process.
  • a filled textured binder on to a support sheet may be utilized.
  • One option is to coat a solution of the binder on to the support sheet, apply the filler to the solution coated web, and remove the solvent by evaporation.
  • Yet another option is to coat the binder as a molten layer on the support sheet, apply the filler while the binder is still molten, and cool to solidify the binder.
  • the manufacturing method where a mixture of an organic solvent, binder, and filler is coated onto a web comprising the support layer, and the solvent is removed by evaporation, is preferred because the filler is well bonded to the support sheet in comparison to other manufacturing methods by virtue of being substantially coated with binder.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • the underlayment 21 comprises a non-woven or woven fabric layer 11 , a synthetic organic polymer film layer 12 adhered to both faces of the fabric 11 , and a pressure sensitive adhesive layer or filled textured binder layer 13 on the surface of the polymer film 12 .
  • the polymer film 12 may be a coextruded layer (not shown) polymer film.
  • the underlayment 22 comprises a non-woven or woven fabric 11 , a synthetic organic polymer film 12 adhered to both faces of the fabric 11 , a pressure sensitive adhesive layer or filled textured binder layer 13 on the surface of one of the polymer film layers 12 , and a further non-skid layer 14 on the surface of the other polymer film layer 12 .
  • the non-skid layer 14 can minimize or prevent relative movement between the underlayment and the roofing deck during and after installation.
  • Suitable non-skid layers 14 include one or more polyolefins such as polyethylene, polypropylene, a polymer comprising ethylene and propylene, a polymer comprising ethylene and methyl acrylate, a polymer comprising ethylene and ethyl acrylate, a polymer comprising ethylene and butyl acrylate, a polymer comprising ethylene and vinyl acetate, a polymer comprising ethylene and an alpha olefin, and a polymer comprising ethylene and octene.
  • the non-skid layer 14 preferably has a thickness of less than about 1 mil, and exhibits a Shore D hardness, ASTM D2240, of less than about 45.
  • the multi-layer synthetic organic polymer film 12 and 14 in FIG. 3 may be co-extrusion coated onto the fabric 11 to produce a structure comprising layers 11 , 12 and 14 of underlayment 22 .
  • Synthetic polymer layer 12 is extrusion coated to the other face of fabric 11 .
  • This may also be a coextruded layer (not shown)
  • the non-skid layer 13 then may be applied to such structures to produce the underlayment of FIG. 3 by coating, as a mixture with an organic solvent that dissolves the organic portion of the coating, onto a web comprising a support in a continuous web coating operation. The solvent is removed by evaporation and the resulting underlayment is wound into rolls.
  • Various types of coaters may be used to apply the organic solvent based coating, including wire wound rod (also called Meyer rod), roll coater, gravure coater, air knife, and a knife over roll coater.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic of “Meyer” rod coating using a wire wound rod, the preferred coating method used herein.
  • a coating roll 31 is situated in a bath 30 filled with coating.
  • a layer of coating is deposited on the coating roll 31 as the roll is rotated. Coating from the roll is transferred to the web 34 comprising the support sheet.
  • the wire-wound metering rod 32 sometimes known as a “Meyer Bar”, allows the desired quantity of the coating to remain on the substrate 34 .
  • the excess coating is deposited back into the pan 30 .
  • the quantity metered on to the substrate is determined by the diameter of the wire used on the rod.
  • the machine design may be modified to accommodate potential problems with filler settling during the coating process.
  • Filler may tend to settle in the bath 30 of FIG. 8 . This is particularly important when a low viscosity coating is applied.
  • One option is to recirculate the coating in the pan. This may be facilitated with a tapered pan 25 design and recirclation system 36 and 37 as shown in FIG. 9 .
  • FIG. 10 shows a schematic of gravure coating.
  • the gravure coater depends on an engraved roller 38 running in a coating bath that fills the imprinted dots or lines of the roller with the coating material.
  • the excess coating on the roller is removed by the doctor blade and the coating is then deposited onto the substrate as it passes through the engraved roller and a pressure roller.
  • the coating is textured. If the coating viscosity is low and or solvent evaporation is slow, the textured pattern levels to produce a smooth coating except for filler particles that are thicker than the binder layer. If the coating viscosity is high and or solvent evaporation is fast, then a textured pattern results after solvent evaporation.
  • non-skid layer comprising a pressure sensitive adhesive (no filler) or a filled textured binder.
  • a non-skid layer comprising a filled textured binder the net effect is to have 2 levels of texturing.
  • the smaller-scale texturing is contributed by the filler particles.
  • the larger-scale texturing is related to the gravure roll pattern.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a further embodiment 23 that comprises a woven fabric layer 15 with less than or equal to 25 percent open space, a pressure sensitive adhesive layer or filled textured binder layer 13 , a lamination layer 20 , a polymer film 16 and a second non-skid layer 14 .
  • Layer 15 comprises a material selected from a list including polyethylene, polypropylene, polyester, or glass.
  • the weight of layer 15 is 0.5 oz/yd2 to 10 oz/yd2.
  • the weight of layer 15 is 1 oz/yd2 to 3 oz/yd2. Options for materials for layer 14 are described above.
  • Layer 16 is a polymer film comprising one or more materials selected from a list including polypropylene, polyethylene, a polyolefin, or polyester.
  • the thickness of layer 16 is 0.5 mils to 10 mils. Preferably the thickness of layer 16 is 1 to 3 mils. Polypropylene is preferred.
  • Layer 20 adheres layer 15 to layer 16 .
  • Layer 20 may comprise the same materials as previously described above for layer 12 .
  • the film layer 20 has a thickness in the range from 0.5 mils to 10 mils. Preferably, the thickness of layer 20 is in the range from 1 mil to 3 mils.
  • Layer 20 may also comprise a pressure sensitive adhesive as described above for layer 13 .
  • Layer 20 may also comprise bitumen.
  • Layer 20 may also comprise rubber and bitumen.
  • the thickness is in the range from 1 mil to 50 mils.
  • the underlayment 23 exhibits nail sealing characteristics, i.e. the material of layer 20 tends to seal around nails that are made to penetrate the underlayment 23 .
  • the underlayment 23 of FIG. 4 may be made in several ways. A preferred process is described as follows. A coextruded film comprising layers 14 and 16 is made in a coextrusion process. Next the coextruded film 14 / 16 is laminated to woven fabric 15 via extrusion lamination with lamination layer 20 . A solution comprising a pressure sensitive adhesive or filled textured binder is coated on to the other face of woven fabric 15 , and the solvent is removed via evaporation leaving layer 13 .
  • the embodiment 24 of FIG. 5 shows a polyethylene or polypropylene film 17 , and a layer of pressure sensitive adhesive 13 on one face thereof.
  • Cross-laminated films are preferred, such as cross-laminated films commercially available from Van Leer under the trademark VALERON.
  • Other suitable cross-laminated films are those manufactured by Interplas/Formosa.
  • An organic or inorganic roofing felt coated with a pressure sensitive adhesive or a filled textured binder.
  • An organic roofing felt comprises paper saturated with asphalt.
  • An inorganic roofing felt comprises a non-woven glass fabric saturated with asphalt.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates an embodiment 25 of a self-adhering underlayment comprising a support layer 19 , a pressure sensitive adhesive layer or filled textured binder layer 13 on one major surface thereof, and a second pressure sensitive adhesive 18 on the opposite major surface thereof.
  • the pressure sensitive layer 18 may include rubber modified bitumen, and non-bituminous adhesives comprising rubbers such as SIS, SBS, SEBS, SBR, natural rubber, silicone, butyl rubber, isoprene, butadiene and acrylic rubber.
  • the layer 18 is used in a thickness of greater than or equal to 5 mils, more preferably greater than or equal to 20 mils.
  • the support layer 19 comprises a film, a woven fabric, a non-woven fabric, or a combination of these.
  • the films comprise a polyolefin, polyethylene, polypropylene, a polyester, or a combination of these materials.
  • the non-skid underlayments of the present invention exhibit a unique combination of valuable features in comparison to other underlayments including: excellent skid resistance, yet are still trafficable (the shoe soles of a pedestrian walking on the surface of an underlayment of the present invention do not become stuck to the underlayment), particularly when wet, lightweight, rollable, and unrollable.
  • a unique combination of mechanisms act to impart a high coefficient of friction, particularly when wet.
  • the filler is better adhered to the support sheet in comparison to the case for other underlayments where the surface comprises a filler or aggregate.
  • Underlayments of the present invention are lightweight in comparison to other underlayments (and other roofing products) comprising filler or aggregate on the surface because a low level of filler is used and the particle size of the filler is small. It was surprising to find that good skid resistance can be achieved using a low level of small particle filler.
  • skid resistant layer comprises only a pressure sensitive adhesive this is achieved by use of a very thin layer of pressure sensitive adhesive. If a thick layer of pressure sensitive adhesive were used as the non-skid layer the underlayment would be impossible or difficult to unroll. For example, for a 30′′ wide membrane the minimum force required to unroll the membrane comprising more than about 5 mils of pressure sensitive adhesive or binder would be equal to or greater than 30 lbs.
  • a filled textured binder where the binder is a pressure sensitive adhesive or rubber, (rubbers are slightly tacky) excellent skid resistance, particularly when wet, is achieved by the use of a thin non-skid layer that is textured with a small particle size filler.
  • a single mechanism contributes to provide skid resistance for embodiments comprising a pressure sensitive adhesive while two possible mechanisms contribute to provide skid resistance for embodiments comprising a filled textured binder where the binder is a pressure sensitive adhesive or a rubber.
  • adhesion of the non-skid coated underlayment to the shoe sole of the walker provides for non skid properties.
  • adhesion of the non-skid coated underlayment to the shoe sole of the walker and mechanical interlock of the non-skid coated underlayment to the shoe sole of the walker provide for non-skid properties.
  • the binder is a resin it is believed that mechanical interlock substantially provides for skid resistance.
  • adhesion likely contributes little to non-skid properties as resins are hard, low tack materials by comparison with pressure sensitive adhesives and rubbers.
  • Embodiments of the invention comprising a filled textured binder are textured as aforementioned as a result of the high filler level and the filler is substantially coated with binder. This is evident from the SEM photomicrographs of the top surfaces of an underlayments coated with a filled textured binder in FIGS. 7A-7C .
  • the manufacturing method where a mixture of an organic solvent, binder, and filler is coated onto a web comprising the support layer, and the solvent is removed by evaporation, is preferred because the filler is well bonded to the support sheet in comparison to other manufacturing methods by virtue of being substantially coated with binder.
  • Other methods may be utilized to coat a filled textured binder on to a support sheet.
  • One option is to coat a solution of the binder on to the support sheet, apply the filler to the solution coated web, and remove the solvent by evaporation.
  • Yet another option is to coat the binder as a molten layer on the support sheet, apply the filler while the binder is still molten, and cool to solidify the binder.
  • filler that is not well bonded to the support sheet acts as a lubricant to enhance skidding instead of preventing skidding.
  • Other underlayments and other roofing products comprising an aggregate or filler coated surface are made by the method involving application of filler or aggregate to a molten surface. The molten surface is most often asphalt.
  • non-skid layers of the present invention may be applied to plywood and oriented strand board. Use of these coated decking materials enhances skid resistance particularly when these materials are used on a sloped roof deck.
  • non-skid flexible packaging materials For example, plastic sacks may be coated with the non-skid layers of the present invention to prevent sliding of stacked arrays of products.
  • a blocking test was conducted, which is a severe test designed to develop an understanding of blocking on a relative basis.
  • a control membrane, a polyolefin (PO) coated non-woven is easily unrolled.
  • the polyolefin coated control membrane comprises a 2 oz/yd non-woven polypropylene fabric coated on each side with 1.25 mils coex layer.
  • the coex layer comprise 1.0 mil layer PP/LDPE blend and a 0.25 mils layer comprising a copolymer of ethylene and methyl acrylate. The thin layer faces outward.
  • the coex layer on the other side of the non-woven comprises a 1 mil layer of a PP/LDPE blend and a 0.25 mil layer comprising an ethylene/propylene copolymer.
  • the thin layer faces outward. If an experimental membrane exhibits an ability to unroll as easily or more easily versus the control in the accelerated test, than it is assumed that the experimental membrane will unroll easier than the control under normal circumstances.
  • the accelerated tests involve the application of high pressure and high temperature. Two sheets of membrane are positioned on top of the other with the surfaces to be tested in contact with one another. The sheets are sandwiched between 2 steel plates. The assembly is loaded in a heated press to 250 psi at 75° C. for 16 hrs. The force required to peel the sheets apart is then measured with a mechanical test device such as an Instron. The peel rate is 2′′/min. A T-Peel test geometry is used. Results are shown in the five Tables below.
  • SIS is a styrene/butadiene/styrene block copolymer
  • PO polyolefin
  • PP polypropylene
  • HDPE high density polyethylene
  • SEBS styrene/ethylene/butylenes/styrene block copolymer
  • PSA indicates a pressure sensitive adhesive
  • peel force a measure of blocking
  • FIGS. 11-13 peel force, a measure of blocking, is plotted versus the pressure sensitive adhesive coating thickness.
  • An SIS, acrylic, and an SEBS pressure sensitive adhesive were evaluated by coating on different membranes including a polyolefin coated non-woven (described above), a membrane that comprises a 2 oz/yd polypropylene woven fabric laminated to a 1 mil polypropylene/ethylene vinyl acetate wherein the ethylene vinyl acetate layer faces outward coextruded film with 1 mil of a polypropylene/polyethylene mixture, and an HDPE film which is 3 mil Valeron.
  • Blocking was also evaluated for membranes coated with a filled textured acrylic pressure sensitive adhesive and the results are shown in FIG. 14 .
  • the filled coating comprises 75 percent, by weight, of a 325 mesh calcium carbonate.
  • Blocking was also evaluated for membranes coated with a filled textured SEBS pressure sensitive.
  • the filler is 325 mesh calcium carbonate.
  • Coating volume was varied between about 1 cc/ft2 to 15 cc/ft2.
  • Two membranes were evaluated. One comprises the polyolefin coated non-woven as described above. The other comprises the polypropylene woven as described above. The results are given in FIG. 15 . Note that the level of blocking is proportional to the coating volume.
  • the peel force is less than 0.5 pli for coating volumes less than about 10 cc/ft2.
  • Blocking was also evaluated for membranes coated with a filled textured SEBS pressure sensitive adhesive and the results are shown in FIG. 16 .
  • the effects of filler volume percent and the effects of coating volume on blocking were evaluated.
  • the filler was a 325 mesh calcium carbonate. Blocking is lowest for underlayments comprising a low coating volume and a high percent by volume of filler. For the underlayment comprising a coating with 27 percent filler by volume and 10.3 cc/ft2 of coating blocking is severe.
  • Skid resistance was measured in a “walk on” test as follows. Underlayment specimens to be tested were mechanically attached to a sheet of plywood and positioned at a test angle of 40°. The samples were sprayed with water prior to testing. A tester (“walker”) walks over the sample and compares the wet skid resistance of the sample to a “control”, which was a membrane comprising a 2 side polyolefin-coated polypropylene non-woven described above. The “walker” judges the sample membrane to exhibit better, similar or worse skid resistance versus the control membrane. The results for various underlayments tested are shown in Table 1. Samples 1 - 13 are embodiments of the present invention and all exhibit superior wet skid resistance in comparison to the control membrane.
  • water-based binders comprising a surfactant impart poor wet skid resistance. See test results for specimens 25 to 27 in Table 1 where all of the non-skid layers are acrylic emulsions commercially available from Rohm and Haas company. In the “walk on” test, these binders have poor wet adhesion to the support sheet which contributes to poor wet skid resistance. It is believed that the surfactant also lowers the surface tension of water on the wet surface which contributes to poor wet skid resistance. TABLE 1 Wet Skid No.
  • coex layer On the side in contact with the skid-resistant layer the coex layer comprise 1.0 mil layer PP/LDPE blend and a 0.25 mils # layer comprising a copolymer of ethylene and methyl acrylate.
  • the coex layer on the other side of the non-woven comprises a 1 mil layer of a PP/LDPE blend and a .25 mil mayer comprising an ethylene/propylene copolymer
  • Adhesion of the non-skid coating to the support sheet is measured in a peel adhesion test using a pre-formed pressure sensitive tape.
  • a 2′′ wide preformed tape, “Preprufe® Tape” is applied to the non-skid coated face of the underlayment.
  • the sample is rolled 4 times, at 1 second per pass, with a 30 lb roller.
  • Adhesion is measured in a T-peel adhesion test 15 min after rolling at a cross head speed of 2′′ per minute with an Instron mechanical tester. Results for various underlayments comprising a woven polypropylene mesh coated with a filled textured binder are shown in Table 2.
  • underlayments except for that comprising gilsonite, passes the minimum adhesion requirement for an underlayment comprising a filled textured binder.
  • the 3 underlayments comprising the acrylic emulsion binders in the non-skid layer also pass the minimum adhesion requirement.
  • these underlayments exhibit poor wet skid resistance as noted in example 2 because these binders are water-based and comprise a surfactant. These binders have poor wet adhesion to the support sheet. It is believed that the surfactant also lowers the surface tension of water on the wet surface which contributes to poor wet skid resistance. TABLE 2 Avg.
  • Binder Type* (pli) (cc/ft2) Elastotac H130 hydrocarbon resin 1.9 2.0 Gilsonite 0.1 3.3 Neoprene Chloroprene rubber 1.9 1.0 Butyl rubber 3.4 0.9 Acronal S400 acrylic emulsion 2.3 4.0 Acronal A3234 acrylic emulsion 1.2 2.8 Acronal V275 acrylic emulsion 1.9 4.1 SEBS PSA 3.3 1.6 *53 percent filler, CaCO3, by volume for all formulations
  • For embodiments comprising a filled textured binder texturing may be observed via scanning electron microscopy SEM. SEM photomicrographs were recorded for a membranes comprising a woven polypropylene support sheet coated with binders comprising an SEBS adhesive filled with CaCO3. The volume fraction of filler was varied between 53 percent and 27 percent by volume. See FIGS. 7A, 7B , and & 7 C for non-skid coatings comprising 53 percent, 38 percent, and 27 percent, respectively. Note that texturing may be observed even down to 27 percent by volume of filler.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Adhesive Tapes (AREA)
  • Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Floor Finish (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
US11/199,943 2005-08-09 2005-08-09 Skid resistant surfaces Abandoned US20070044397A1 (en)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US11/199,943 US20070044397A1 (en) 2005-08-09 2005-08-09 Skid resistant surfaces
CA2617825A CA2617825C (en) 2005-08-09 2006-08-08 Skid resistant surfaces
EP06789539A EP1934415A1 (en) 2005-08-09 2006-08-08 Skid resistant surfaces
MX2008001453A MX2008001453A (es) 2005-08-09 2006-08-08 Superficies resistentes al deslizamiento.
JP2008526112A JP2009504948A (ja) 2005-08-09 2006-08-08 滑り抵抗性をもった表面
US12/063,180 US8079184B2 (en) 2005-08-09 2006-08-08 Skid resistant surfaces
PCT/US2006/030763 WO2007021653A1 (en) 2005-08-09 2006-08-08 Skid resistant surfaces

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US11/199,943 US20070044397A1 (en) 2005-08-09 2005-08-09 Skid resistant surfaces

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US12/063,180 Continuation-In-Part US8079184B2 (en) 2005-08-09 2006-08-08 Skid resistant surfaces

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20070044397A1 true US20070044397A1 (en) 2007-03-01

Family

ID=37546570

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US11/199,943 Abandoned US20070044397A1 (en) 2005-08-09 2005-08-09 Skid resistant surfaces

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US20070044397A1 (es)
EP (1) EP1934415A1 (es)
JP (1) JP2009504948A (es)
CA (1) CA2617825C (es)
MX (1) MX2008001453A (es)
WO (1) WO2007021653A1 (es)

Cited By (31)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20050229504A1 (en) * 2004-02-23 2005-10-20 Bennett John L Panel for sheathing system and method
US20050229524A1 (en) * 2004-02-23 2005-10-20 Bennett John L Wall sheathing system and method of installation
US20050257469A1 (en) * 2004-02-23 2005-11-24 Bennett John L Panelized roofing system and method
US20070071946A1 (en) * 2005-09-29 2007-03-29 Northern Elastomeric, Inc. Rubberized roof underlayment
US20070275209A1 (en) * 2006-05-26 2007-11-29 Digicomp Research Corporation Non-Skid Drop Cloth
US20090004459A1 (en) * 2007-03-21 2009-01-01 Kipp Michael D Utility materials incorporating a microparticle matrix
US20090088037A1 (en) * 2007-09-28 2009-04-02 Invista North America S.Ar.L. Laminated fabric construction with polyolefin compositions
US20090140097A1 (en) * 2007-03-26 2009-06-04 Collier Robert P Flexible composite multiple layer fire-resistant insulation structure
US20090169880A1 (en) * 2007-12-31 2009-07-02 Huber Engineered Woods Llc Overlaid panel with an improved coefficient of friction
US20090193743A1 (en) * 2008-02-06 2009-08-06 Wiercinski Robert A Skid Resistant Surfaces
US20090214814A1 (en) * 2006-07-24 2009-08-27 Valspar Sourcing, Inc. Slip-resistant coating system for wood products
US20090297760A1 (en) * 2008-05-28 2009-12-03 Q'so Incorporated Method for Surface Coating for Improved Weatherability of Building Products
US20100119784A1 (en) * 2005-09-29 2010-05-13 Northern Elastomeric, Inc. Rubberized roof underlayment
US20100149339A1 (en) * 2006-10-31 2010-06-17 Eva Wagner Method for evaluating mechanical tests of a coating
US20100178827A1 (en) * 2008-07-17 2010-07-15 E.I.Du Pont De Nemours And Company Roof underlayment
US20110104461A1 (en) * 2009-09-28 2011-05-05 Owens Corning Intellectual Capital, Llc Underlayment with slip-resistant surface
US20110117336A1 (en) * 2009-11-17 2011-05-19 Savagian Michael D Floor Marking Tape
US8440296B2 (en) 2007-03-21 2013-05-14 Ashtech Industries, Llc Shear panel building material
US8445101B2 (en) 2007-03-21 2013-05-21 Ashtech Industries, Llc Sound attenuation building material and system
US8591677B2 (en) 2008-11-04 2013-11-26 Ashtech Industries, Llc Utility materials incorporating a microparticle matrix formed with a setting agent
US20140087174A1 (en) * 2012-09-21 2014-03-27 Huhtamaki Films Germany Gmbh & Co. Kg Multilayered Foil, Sealing Material, Their Use and Production
US20150308127A1 (en) * 2014-04-25 2015-10-29 Curt V. Rapp Dampened tile
US20170138065A1 (en) * 2015-11-13 2017-05-18 United Construction Products, Inc. Support plate system for elevated flooring tiles
CN106760399A (zh) * 2016-12-26 2017-05-31 长兴经纬竹制品有限公司 一种双层复合地板的制造工艺及其产品
US9683375B2 (en) 2015-11-13 2017-06-20 United Construction Products, Inc. Support plate system for elevated flooring tiles
WO2018126332A1 (zh) * 2017-01-03 2018-07-12 长兴经纬竹制品有限公司 一种双层复合地板的制造工艺及其产品
US10030325B2 (en) * 2015-05-29 2018-07-24 Intertape Polymer Corp. Scrim coated products having a coextruded multi-layer coating on one side thereof
US10711453B1 (en) 2015-12-29 2020-07-14 Georgia-Pacific Panel Products Llc Building panel with a weather barrier
RU207015U1 (ru) * 2021-05-21 2021-10-06 Руслан Мирхадович Шарипов Рулонный гидроизоляционный материал
US20230024411A1 (en) * 2021-07-09 2023-01-26 Bmic Llc Coatings for roofing materials and related methods
US11629498B2 (en) 2018-05-11 2023-04-18 Owens Corning Intellectual Capital, Llc Reinforced breathable sheet

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20200130334A1 (en) * 2017-06-05 2020-04-30 Gcp Applied Technologies Inc. Vapor impermeable flooring underlayment

Citations (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3196763A (en) * 1960-10-05 1965-07-27 Washington Aluminum Company In Panel structure
US3909996A (en) * 1974-12-12 1975-10-07 Economics Lab Modular floor mat
US4715743A (en) * 1986-06-13 1987-12-29 Schmanski Donald W Mobility guide tile for visually handicapped
US4929303A (en) * 1987-03-11 1990-05-29 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Composite breathable housewrap films
US5687517A (en) * 1995-09-21 1997-11-18 W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. Skid-resistant roofing underlayment
US6199335B1 (en) * 1998-09-08 2001-03-13 Spaceage Synthetics, Inc. Floor structure for use on ice and the method of using the same
US6372323B1 (en) * 1998-10-05 2002-04-16 3M Innovative Properties Company Slip control article for wet and dry applications
US20030066253A1 (en) * 2001-10-05 2003-04-10 Lin Ching Chuan Structure of an anti-slip floor unit
US6718714B1 (en) * 2002-03-26 2004-04-13 Phil Montgomery, Sr. Safety flooring assembly
US20040093811A1 (en) * 2001-09-19 2004-05-20 Oakey David D. Area floor covering
US20040118059A1 (en) * 2001-10-16 2004-06-24 Shunji Ohno Non-slip structure
US20040192130A1 (en) * 2000-11-17 2004-09-30 Radu Baciu Sheet Material with anti-slip surface
US6844058B2 (en) * 1999-05-04 2005-01-18 Tech Mats, Llc Floor mat including tacky surface with tacky-when-dry and tacky-when-wet properties
US6921566B2 (en) * 2003-05-12 2005-07-26 Evan Lipstein Cushioned grip tape
US7401441B2 (en) * 2003-07-09 2008-07-22 Whirlpool Corporation Channeled floor covering

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE6601805U (de) * 1966-10-21 1969-04-10 Grace W R & Co Material zur herstellung einer wasserdichten schicht auf einer oberflaeche
US5496615A (en) * 1991-03-01 1996-03-05 W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. Waterproofing membrane
JP3005078U (ja) * 1994-06-08 1994-12-06 高分子技研株式会社 簡易貼着用離型シート
US6656557B2 (en) * 1998-09-25 2003-12-02 Tamko Roofing Products, Inc. Waterproofing membrane and method of manufacture
JP2000145053A (ja) * 1998-11-09 2000-05-26 Toyo Ink Mfg Co Ltd 屋根下地材
US6500520B1 (en) * 2000-08-14 2002-12-31 W. R. Grace & Co. -Conn. Particle coated bonding systems for hydratable cementitious composition casting and methods for making same
US6769215B1 (en) * 2002-08-19 2004-08-03 Siplast, Inc. System and method for enhancing the bond of roofing membrane to lightweight insulating concrete
WO2004015216A1 (en) * 2003-02-25 2004-02-19 Soprema U.S.A. Inc. Roofing membrane
US7070844B2 (en) * 2003-09-10 2006-07-04 Johns Manville Highly reflective asphalt-based roofing membrane

Patent Citations (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3196763A (en) * 1960-10-05 1965-07-27 Washington Aluminum Company In Panel structure
US3909996A (en) * 1974-12-12 1975-10-07 Economics Lab Modular floor mat
US4715743A (en) * 1986-06-13 1987-12-29 Schmanski Donald W Mobility guide tile for visually handicapped
US4929303A (en) * 1987-03-11 1990-05-29 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Composite breathable housewrap films
US5687517A (en) * 1995-09-21 1997-11-18 W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. Skid-resistant roofing underlayment
US6199335B1 (en) * 1998-09-08 2001-03-13 Spaceage Synthetics, Inc. Floor structure for use on ice and the method of using the same
US6372323B1 (en) * 1998-10-05 2002-04-16 3M Innovative Properties Company Slip control article for wet and dry applications
US6844058B2 (en) * 1999-05-04 2005-01-18 Tech Mats, Llc Floor mat including tacky surface with tacky-when-dry and tacky-when-wet properties
US20040192130A1 (en) * 2000-11-17 2004-09-30 Radu Baciu Sheet Material with anti-slip surface
US20040093811A1 (en) * 2001-09-19 2004-05-20 Oakey David D. Area floor covering
US20030066253A1 (en) * 2001-10-05 2003-04-10 Lin Ching Chuan Structure of an anti-slip floor unit
US20040118059A1 (en) * 2001-10-16 2004-06-24 Shunji Ohno Non-slip structure
US6718714B1 (en) * 2002-03-26 2004-04-13 Phil Montgomery, Sr. Safety flooring assembly
US6921566B2 (en) * 2003-05-12 2005-07-26 Evan Lipstein Cushioned grip tape
US7401441B2 (en) * 2003-07-09 2008-07-22 Whirlpool Corporation Channeled floor covering

Cited By (66)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9695588B2 (en) 2004-02-23 2017-07-04 Huber Engineered Woods Llc Panel for sheathing system and method
US20050229504A1 (en) * 2004-02-23 2005-10-20 Bennett John L Panel for sheathing system and method
US20050257469A1 (en) * 2004-02-23 2005-11-24 Bennett John L Panelized roofing system and method
US10415245B2 (en) * 2004-02-23 2019-09-17 Huber Engineered Woods, Llc Panel for sheathing system and method
US20180355612A1 (en) * 2004-02-23 2018-12-13 Huber Engineered Woods Llc Panel for sheathing system and method
US10072415B2 (en) 2004-02-23 2018-09-11 Huber Engineered Woods Llc Panel for sheathing system and method
US9702140B2 (en) 2004-02-23 2017-07-11 Huber Engineered Woods Llc Panel for sheathing system and method
US20050229524A1 (en) * 2004-02-23 2005-10-20 Bennett John L Wall sheathing system and method of installation
US9689159B2 (en) 2004-02-23 2017-06-27 Huber Engineered Woods Llc Panel for sheathing system and method
US9546479B2 (en) 2004-02-23 2017-01-17 Huber Engineered Woods Llc Panel for sheathing system and method
US9382713B2 (en) 2004-02-23 2016-07-05 Huber Engineered Woods Llc Panel for sheathing system and method
US9010044B2 (en) 2004-02-23 2015-04-21 Huber Engineered Woods Llc Panel for sheathing system and method
US8474197B2 (en) 2004-02-23 2013-07-02 Huber Engineered Woods, Llc Panel for sheathing system and method
US8112950B2 (en) * 2004-02-23 2012-02-14 Huber Engineered Woods Llc Panel for sheathing system and method
US7658040B2 (en) * 2004-02-23 2010-02-09 Huber Engineered Woods Llc Panel for sheathing system and method
US7677002B2 (en) * 2004-02-23 2010-03-16 Huber Engineered Woods Llc Wall sheathing system and method of installation
US20110135879A1 (en) * 2004-02-23 2011-06-09 Huber Engineered Woods Llc Panel for sheathing system and method
US7721506B2 (en) * 2004-02-23 2010-05-25 Huber Engineered Woods Llc Panelized roofing system and method
US20100132294A1 (en) * 2004-02-23 2010-06-03 Huber Engineered Woods Llc Wall sheathing system and method of installation
US7877938B2 (en) 2004-02-23 2011-02-01 Huber Engineered Woods Llc Panel for sheathing system and method
US20100170178A1 (en) * 2004-02-23 2010-07-08 Huber Engineered Woods Llc Panelized roofing system and method
US7870694B2 (en) * 2004-02-23 2011-01-18 Huber Engineered Woods Llc Panelized roofing system and method
US7866100B2 (en) * 2004-02-23 2011-01-11 Huber Engineered Woods Llc Wall sheathing system and method of installation
US9702148B2 (en) 2005-09-29 2017-07-11 Owens Corning Intellectual Capital, Llc Rubberized roof underlayment
US20100119784A1 (en) * 2005-09-29 2010-05-13 Northern Elastomeric, Inc. Rubberized roof underlayment
US20070071946A1 (en) * 2005-09-29 2007-03-29 Northern Elastomeric, Inc. Rubberized roof underlayment
US20070275209A1 (en) * 2006-05-26 2007-11-29 Digicomp Research Corporation Non-Skid Drop Cloth
US20090214814A1 (en) * 2006-07-24 2009-08-27 Valspar Sourcing, Inc. Slip-resistant coating system for wood products
US20100149339A1 (en) * 2006-10-31 2010-06-17 Eva Wagner Method for evaluating mechanical tests of a coating
US8717440B2 (en) * 2006-10-31 2014-05-06 Robert Bosch Gmbh Method for evaluating mechanical tests of a coating
US8440296B2 (en) 2007-03-21 2013-05-14 Ashtech Industries, Llc Shear panel building material
US8349444B2 (en) 2007-03-21 2013-01-08 Ashtech Industries, Llc Utility materials incorporating a microparticle matrix
US8445101B2 (en) 2007-03-21 2013-05-21 Ashtech Industries, Llc Sound attenuation building material and system
US20090004459A1 (en) * 2007-03-21 2009-01-01 Kipp Michael D Utility materials incorporating a microparticle matrix
US9076428B2 (en) 2007-03-21 2015-07-07 Ashtech Industries, Llc Sound attenuation building material and system
US8997924B2 (en) 2007-03-21 2015-04-07 Ashtech Industries, Llc Utility materials incorporating a microparticle matrix
US8062985B2 (en) 2007-03-26 2011-11-22 Owens Corning Intellectual Capital, Llc Flexible composite multiple layer fire-resistant insulation structure
US20090140097A1 (en) * 2007-03-26 2009-06-04 Collier Robert P Flexible composite multiple layer fire-resistant insulation structure
US20090088037A1 (en) * 2007-09-28 2009-04-02 Invista North America S.Ar.L. Laminated fabric construction with polyolefin compositions
EP2197673B1 (en) * 2007-09-28 2018-02-28 Invista Technologies S.à.r.l. Laminated fabric construction with polyolefin compositions
US20090169880A1 (en) * 2007-12-31 2009-07-02 Huber Engineered Woods Llc Overlaid panel with an improved coefficient of friction
US7634877B2 (en) 2008-02-06 2009-12-22 W. R. Grace & Co.—Conn. Skid resistant surfaces
WO2009100091A3 (en) * 2008-02-06 2009-10-29 W.R. Grace & Co-Conn. Skid resistant surfaces
US20090193743A1 (en) * 2008-02-06 2009-08-06 Wiercinski Robert A Skid Resistant Surfaces
US20090297760A1 (en) * 2008-05-28 2009-12-03 Q'so Incorporated Method for Surface Coating for Improved Weatherability of Building Products
US20100178827A1 (en) * 2008-07-17 2010-07-15 E.I.Du Pont De Nemours And Company Roof underlayment
US8591677B2 (en) 2008-11-04 2013-11-26 Ashtech Industries, Llc Utility materials incorporating a microparticle matrix formed with a setting agent
US20110104461A1 (en) * 2009-09-28 2011-05-05 Owens Corning Intellectual Capital, Llc Underlayment with slip-resistant surface
US9493954B2 (en) 2009-09-28 2016-11-15 Owens Corning Intellectual Capital, Llc Underlayment with slip-resistant surface
US8178190B2 (en) * 2009-11-17 2012-05-15 Brady Worldwide, Inc. Floor marking tape
US20110117336A1 (en) * 2009-11-17 2011-05-19 Savagian Michael D Floor Marking Tape
US20140087174A1 (en) * 2012-09-21 2014-03-27 Huhtamaki Films Germany Gmbh & Co. Kg Multilayered Foil, Sealing Material, Their Use and Production
US20150308127A1 (en) * 2014-04-25 2015-10-29 Curt V. Rapp Dampened tile
US10030325B2 (en) * 2015-05-29 2018-07-24 Intertape Polymer Corp. Scrim coated products having a coextruded multi-layer coating on one side thereof
US9951529B2 (en) 2015-11-13 2018-04-24 United Construction Products, Inc. Support plate system for elevated flooring tiles
US9874029B2 (en) 2015-11-13 2018-01-23 United Construction Products, Inc. Support plate system for elevated flooring tiles
US9683375B2 (en) 2015-11-13 2017-06-20 United Construction Products, Inc. Support plate system for elevated flooring tiles
US20170138065A1 (en) * 2015-11-13 2017-05-18 United Construction Products, Inc. Support plate system for elevated flooring tiles
US10711453B1 (en) 2015-12-29 2020-07-14 Georgia-Pacific Panel Products Llc Building panel with a weather barrier
US11634903B2 (en) 2015-12-29 2023-04-25 Georgia-Pacific Panel Products Llc Building panel with a weather barrier
CN106760399A (zh) * 2016-12-26 2017-05-31 长兴经纬竹制品有限公司 一种双层复合地板的制造工艺及其产品
WO2018126332A1 (zh) * 2017-01-03 2018-07-12 长兴经纬竹制品有限公司 一种双层复合地板的制造工艺及其产品
US11629498B2 (en) 2018-05-11 2023-04-18 Owens Corning Intellectual Capital, Llc Reinforced breathable sheet
RU207015U1 (ru) * 2021-05-21 2021-10-06 Руслан Мирхадович Шарипов Рулонный гидроизоляционный материал
US20230024411A1 (en) * 2021-07-09 2023-01-26 Bmic Llc Coatings for roofing materials and related methods
US11761209B2 (en) * 2021-07-09 2023-09-19 Bmic Llc Coatings for roofing materials and related methods

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
MX2008001453A (es) 2008-04-02
JP2009504948A (ja) 2009-02-05
CA2617825C (en) 2014-04-22
EP1934415A1 (en) 2008-06-25
WO2007021653A1 (en) 2007-02-22
CA2617825A1 (en) 2007-02-22

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US20070044397A1 (en) Skid resistant surfaces
US8079184B2 (en) Skid resistant surfaces
US7634877B2 (en) Skid resistant surfaces
US6531200B2 (en) Roofing material with encapsulated fibrous mat
CA2186090C (en) Skid-resistant roofing underlayment
CA2418498C (en) Multilayer slip resistant sheet material
US8713879B2 (en) Waterproofing membrane
US7132143B2 (en) Self-adhering modified bitumen underlayment for tile roofs
US9493954B2 (en) Underlayment with slip-resistant surface
US20040161570A1 (en) Self-adhering modified bitumen underlayment for metal roofs
EP1786987A2 (en) Methods of providing water protection to roof structures and roof structures formed by the same
US20100173110A1 (en) Skid Resistant Membrane
US20100227103A1 (en) Roofing underlayment
US20040127120A1 (en) High strength polymeric composite laminate for use as a roofing underlayment
EP1587673A2 (en) Moisture barrier membrane with tearable release liner composite
US20140220311A1 (en) Rubberized roof underlayment
EP3634744B1 (en) Vapor impermeable flooring underlayment
WO1999040271A1 (en) Easy-to-apply roofing underlayment
JPH1150609A (ja) 屋根下地材
WO2016027799A1 (ja) 粘着層付屋根下葺材
JP2005113678A (ja) 粘着性面を有する屋根下葺き材
US20180334808A1 (en) Slip Resistant Sheet Material with Temporary Adhesion to a Contact Surface
JPH10280623A (ja) 屋根下地材
EP1601526B1 (en) Multilayer slip resistant sheet material

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: W.R. GRACE & CO.-CONN., MARYLAND

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:WIERCINSKI, ROBERT A.;ZALANOWSKI, DAVID P.;WESTGATE, PAUL J.;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:016972/0381;SIGNING DATES FROM 20051006 TO 20051014

STCB Information on status: application discontinuation

Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION