US20070034344A1 - Desulphurization of odorous gases of a pulp mill - Google Patents

Desulphurization of odorous gases of a pulp mill Download PDF

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Publication number
US20070034344A1
US20070034344A1 US10/574,301 US57430104A US2007034344A1 US 20070034344 A1 US20070034344 A1 US 20070034344A1 US 57430104 A US57430104 A US 57430104A US 2007034344 A1 US2007034344 A1 US 2007034344A1
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Prior art keywords
combustion
sulphur
claus
odorous gases
gases
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Abandoned
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US10/574,301
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English (en)
Inventor
Ismo Reilama
Kaisu Annala
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Metsa Fibre Oy
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Metsa Botnia Oy AB
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Application filed by Metsa Botnia Oy AB filed Critical Metsa Botnia Oy AB
Assigned to OY METSA-BOTNIA AB reassignment OY METSA-BOTNIA AB ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: ANNALA, KAISU, REILAMA, ISMO
Publication of US20070034344A1 publication Critical patent/US20070034344A1/en
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • D21C11/00—Regeneration of pulp liquors or effluent waste waters
    • D21C11/06—Treatment of pulp gases; Recovery of the heat content of the gases; Treatment of gases arising from various sources in pulp and paper mills; Regeneration of gaseous SO2, e.g. arising from liquors containing sulfur compounds
    • D21C11/08—Deodorisation ; Elimination of malodorous compounds, e.g. sulfur compounds such as hydrogen sulfide or mercaptans, from gas streams
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • D21C11/00—Regeneration of pulp liquors or effluent waste waters
    • D21C11/12—Combustion of pulp liquors
    • D21C11/125—Decomposition of the pulp liquors in reducing atmosphere or in the absence of oxidants, i.e. gasification or pyrolysis
    • D21C11/127—Decomposition of the pulp liquors in reducing atmosphere or in the absence of oxidants, i.e. gasification or pyrolysis with post-combustion of the gases

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for the desulphurization of the circulation of chemicals in a sulphate pulp mill.
  • concentrated odorous gases of the process streams in sulphate processes which gases contain sulphur compounds, are collected and these odorous gases are combusted in order to oxidize the sulphur compounds.
  • sulphur is removed either by flue gas emissions (sulphur dioxide) or in the form of pulverized fuel ash.
  • flue gas emissions sulphur dioxide
  • pulverized fuel ash is discharged from the system by releasing it into the river and lake system.
  • Sulphur dioxide-containing flue gas emissions cause acidification of soil, damages to the trees and to the surface materials of buildings, and other environmental damages.
  • Ash in turn, contains abundantly wood-based heavy metals; therefore, it is possible that the release of pulverized fuel ash into the water system will in the future be prohibited on environmental grounds.
  • a further considerable disadvantage related to the removal of pulverized fuel ash is that, along with sulphur, also sodium in a molar ratio of Na/S 2/1 contained in the ash exits, and must then be added to the system.
  • the present invention is based on the idea that the sulphur contained in concentrated odorous gases is recovered as elemental sulphur which can be returned to the process or which can be employed in other practical applications.
  • the odorous gases collected from the process streams of the sulphate pulp mill are combusted at a low air index so that at least an essential part of the sulphur compounds is oxidized into elemental sulphur, which is removed from the system.
  • This solution can be used to remove sulphur from the waste gases of the pulp mill in a controllable way.
  • the method of oxidation of sulphur compounds used in the invention is based on the so-called Claus process.
  • the invention also provides an arrangement for the removal of sulphur from the circulation of chemicals of a sulphate pulp mill, comprising a combustion unit for the odorous gases, which is provided with an inlet, which is connected to the source of concentrated odorous gases, and with an outlet, through which the oxidized sulphur compounds of the concentrated odorous gases can be removed from the device as elemental sulphur.
  • the combustion unit according to the invention comprises at least one combustion device of the Claus system.
  • the method for the desulphurization of the circulation of chemicals in a sulphate pulp mill includes the steps of comprising collecting concentrated odorous gases that contain sulphur compounds and combusting them to oxidize the sulphur compounds, wherein the concentrated odorous gases are combusted at an air index below one in a first combustion unit, using the Claus process so that at least an essential part of the sulphur compounds are oxidized into elemental sulphur, nonetheless so that at least 10 molar % of the sulphur compounds taken through the Claus system are taken to be combusted in the combustion device of the second combustion unit, and the elemental sulphur is recovered in liquid or solid form.
  • the Claus process is used for the desulphurization of the circulation of chemicals in a sulphate pulp mill, so that the concentrated odorous gases are combusted with substoichiometric amounts of air into elemental sulphur in one or more combustion units of the Claus system and at least 10 molar % of the sulphur compounds taken through the Claus system are taken to be combusted in the combustion device of the at least one second combustion unit.
  • the method can be used to desulphurize the waste gases of the sulphate pulp mill in particular.
  • the sulphur of the odorous gases is recovered in a form that can be utilized in the same or in other processes.
  • the combustion of odorous gases can be carried out in one or more steps. This can be carried out so that one or more combustion units of the Claus system are arranged sequentially. Various running conditions can be used therein.
  • the invention can be used for converting sulphur, for example, so that it can be exploited by combusting sulphur to sulphur dioxide which can be used in bleaching, and to make sulphuric acid by means of processing either for the manufacture of bleaching chemicals or for peeling pine oil.
  • sulphur dioxide which can be used in bleaching
  • sulphuric acid by means of processing either for the manufacture of bleaching chemicals or for peeling pine oil.
  • the sodium losses of the mill can be minimized.
  • the solution can be placed in connection with the existing combustion of concentrated odorous gases, whereby so-called tail gases can be combusted in the existing equipment, such as in a soda recovery boiler, an odorous gas boiler, a lime sludge reburning kiln or a flame.
  • condensation of sulphur e.g., the condenser water or the boiler water of the pulp mill.
  • the burning device of the Claus system i.e. the reactor, and a corresponding steam boiler is connected at its inlet to the odorous gas line of the cooking department or the evaporation plant of the sulphate process or a corresponding source of odorous gas, and the concentrated odorous gases obtained therefrom can be combusted, in accordance with the principles of the Claus process, with substoichiometric amount of air to oxidize the sulphur compounds.
  • the arrangement further comprises a condenser, which can be used to condensate the products, the elemental sulphur in particular, into a liquid or solid form.
  • the combustion device is equipped with a discharge assembly that is connected to the condenser.
  • the unit further comprises an exhaust assembly for gaseous (uncondensed) bodies, which can be used to remove any light oxidation products, as well as inert and not reacted compounds (TRS and SO 2 ).
  • TRS and SO 2 gaseous (uncondensed) bodies
  • at least part of the sulphur compounds of the concentrated odorous gases coming from the Claus combustion are conducted to conventional odorous gas combustion which takes place in the soda recovery boiler, odorous gas boiler, lime sludge reburning kiln or flame, or in more than one of these devices. Therefore, the outlet of the gaseous compounds of the arrangement is preferably connected by means of pipe lines to the inlet of the soda recovery boiler or the lime sludge reburning kiln, or to a similar post-processing device.
  • the solution can be placed in connection with the existing combustion process of concentrated odorous gases, whereby the so-called tail gases can be combusted in the existing equipment, such as in a soda recovery boiler or lime sludge reburning kiln or similar equipment, and the required condenser of sulphur on the cooling water side can be integrated into the water circulations/recovery of heat of the mill.
  • the equipment solution is reduced into a simple and economic form.
  • the solution according to the invention can be applied both to existing and new mills.
  • the solution is particularly well suited for mill concepts, wherein the soda recovery boiler is the primary place of combustion of concentrated odorous gases.
  • FIG. 1 shows a flow chart illustrating the collection of odorous gases.
  • FIG. 2 shows, again with the aid of a flow chart, the processing method of odorous gases according to prior art.
  • FIG. 3 shows the recovery of sulphur by means of the Claus process, according to the invention.
  • FIG. 4 shows the flow chart of an alternative embodiment of the invention, wherein several burning devices of the Claus system are connected in parallel.
  • FIG. 5 shows the recovery of sulphur by means of the Claus process and the flow chart of the post processing of the gases from the Claus system.
  • the concentrated odorous gases are combusted with a substoichiometric quantity of air or oxygen, whereby part of the sulphur of the concentrated odorous gases remains elemental sulphur and part is combusted to sulphur dioxide.
  • the amount of elemental sulphur remaining is 50 to 90 molecular percent, typically 70 to 85 molecular percent.
  • the concentrated odorous gases herein refer to the smelly gases of the pulp mill, the concentration of which exceeds the so-called upper explosion limit. These gases consist of hydrogen sulphide, methyl mercaptan, and dimethyl sulphide and dimethyl disulphide, among others.
  • the reduced sulphur in the concentrated odorous gases is enough concentrated, is also sodium-free and has a sufficiently rich thermal capacity.
  • the main part of the sulphur can be oxidized into elemental sulphur, as is the case in the above conventional Claus process.
  • the sulphur can be condensed and discharged separately as liquid sulphur, which is an inert chemical element with an inherent market value.
  • the “air index” herein refers to the molecular proportion of oxygen (O 2 ) in the air to the sulphur (S) in the substance being treated.
  • the air index is one, when the amount of oxygen in the air is in a stoichiometric proportion to the amount of sulphur of the gas to be treated to change all the sulphur into sulphur dioxide. “Substoichiometric amounts of air”, in turn, means that the air index is smaller than one.
  • the odorous gases are combusted with under air or short air, typically, at an air index of 0.4-0.9, whereby the adiabatic combustion temperature is about 1400-1800° C.
  • the combustion was carried out at an air index of about 0.6, whereby the adiabatic combustion temperature was about 1600° C.
  • the combustion of concentrated odorous gases is carried out in adiabatic conditions at the temperature of 1400-1800° C.
  • part of the collected odorous gases are conducted to Claus combustion and part of the sulphur compounds from the Claus combustion are conducted to conventional odorous gas combustion, or optionally part of the collected odorous gases are conducted directly to conventional odorous gas combustion.
  • the flow of odorous gases collected from the source of concentrated odorous gases is conducted to combustion in a first combustion unit, using the Claus process, through appropriate pipe lines, and the flow of gases from the first combustion unit through appropriate pipe lines to a second combustion unit, such as the odorous gas boiler, soda recovery boiler, lime sludge reburning kiln or flame, or to more than one of these devices.
  • a second combustion unit such as the odorous gas boiler, soda recovery boiler, lime sludge reburning kiln or flame, or to more than one of these devices.
  • part of the flow of concentrated odorous gases can be conducted directly past the first combustion unit and into the second combustion unit.
  • At least 10 molar percent of the collected odorous gases are conducted to combustion in the first combustion unit using the Claus process.
  • 30-90 molar %, typically 50-90 molar %, are preferably conducted through the Claus process.
  • the rest of the collected odorous gases, 10-90 molar %, can be conducted directly to combustion in the existing apparatuses.
  • the concentrated odorous gases are combusted in the first combustion unit with substoichimetric amounts of air.
  • the sulphur that has oxidized into elemental sulphur is condensed with the condenser and discharged in a molten form through the bottom of the odorous gas combustion unit.
  • the elemental sulphur in liquid form is conducted into the collector and taken further to a means of transport. When cooling, liquid sulphur solidifies; however, short storage for reuse in particular should be implemented in liquid form.
  • the exhaust gases or tail gases are conducted into the second combustion unit of the Claus system to maximize the desulphurization.
  • the running conditions used in the latter combustion device may differ from those in the first combustion device.
  • the Claus system is not intended for a complete recovery of sulphur as elemental sulphur; on the contrary, at least 10 molecular percent of the sulphur compounds taken through the Claus system are taken to be combusted in the combustion device of the second combustion unit.
  • At least 10 molecular percent, about 50 molar % at a maximum, preferably about 15 to 30 molar % of the sulphur compounds of the concentrated odorous gases coming from the Claus combustion are lead to combustion in conventional combustion systems, such as soda recovery boiler or lime sludge reburning kiln.
  • the method according to the invention functions without catalysts.
  • the Claus system uses technology, such as catalysts, which was developed in connection with the Claus combustion of hydrogen sulphide. Examples of suitable catalysts are cited in the published FI Patent Application No. 904949 or FI Patent Specification No. 102250.
  • the elemental sulphur obtained according to the method can be stored in a liquid or solid form and further transported in a liquid or solid form, for example, to a sulphuric-acid plant or another pulp mill. It can also be recycled into the process, e.g., by suitably adding to white liquor (the manufacture of a polysulphide solution) or, when necessary, by feeding upstream into the soda recovery boiler by means of a combination burner or in some other way to adjust the sulphidity. As it is easy to store and transport, the recovery of sulphur in a liquid or solid form is advantageous.
  • the odorous gases can be combusted in a Claus reactor with the aid of oxygen instead of air.
  • the elemental sulphur can further be combusted to sulphur dioxide or processed to form sulphuric acid. Also in that case, however, the elemental sulphur can first be recovered by means of the combustion unit of the Claus process.
  • the amount of concentrated odorous gases is increased, for example, by means of thermal treatment of black liquor.
  • FIG. 1 shows a flow diagram of the collection of concentrated odorous gases into the collectors of a cooking department 1 or an evaporator plant 2 from known sources of concentrated odorous gases either separately or in combinations thereof, using known methods.
  • FIG. 2 shows a flow diagram of a prior art processing method of odorous gases, wherein the concentrated odorous gases are lead into an odorous gas boiler 3 (containing a condenser 7 ), soda recovery boiler 4 , lime sludge reburning kiln 5 or flame 6 , or into more than one of them.
  • an odorous gas boiler 3 containing a condenser 7
  • soda recovery boiler 4 soda recovery boiler 4
  • lime sludge reburning kiln 5 or flame 6 or into more than one of them.
  • FIG. 3 shows the arrangement according to the invention suitable for the combustion of odorous gases.
  • the arrangement according to the invention comprises at least one odorous gas combustion unit 10 (a first combustion unit), which a flow of concentrated odorous gases can be collected in and lead into from a source of concentrated odorous gases, and wherein the reduced sulphur contained in the concentrated odorous gases can be combusted.
  • the combustion unit comprises at least one combustion device 10 of the Claus system, and a condenser 11 connected thereto, and an air feeding assembly 18 .
  • the combustion unit is provided with a feeding assembly 14 , which is connected to the source of concentrated odorous gases, and an exhaust assembly 15 , through which the oxidized and condensed sulphur compounds of the concentrated odorous gases can be discharged from the device as elemental sulphur in a liquid or solid form.
  • the elemental sulphur can be lead into a collector 12 and further to a transporter 13 .
  • the combustion unit also comprises an exhaust assembly 16 , through which the gaseous, uncondensed sulphur compounds coming from the first combustion unit can be lead into the second combustion unit to be combusted.
  • the feeding assembly 14 of the first combustion unit can be connected to a distribution piece 17 so that part of the concentrated odorous gases can be lead through the distribution piece and past the first combustion unit directly into the second combustion unit to be combusted.
  • the second combustion unit comprises at least one combustion device, such as an odorous gas boiler, soda recovery boiler, lime sludge reburning kiln and/or flame.
  • FIG. 4 shows an arrangement, wherein the first combustion unit comprises at least two combustion devices 20 , 21 of the Claus system, connected in parallel, and condensers 22 , 23 connected thereto, and air feeding nozzles 33 , 34 .
  • the combustion unit is provided with a feed nozzle 26 , which is connected to the source of concentrated odorous gases, and with an exhaust nozzle 27 , through which the oxidized and condensed sulphur compounds of the concentrated odorous gases can be discharged from the device as elemental sulphur in a liquid or solid form.
  • the elemental sulphur can be lead into a collector 24 and further to a transporter 25 .
  • the combustion unit also comprises an exhaust assembly 28 , through which the gaseous, uncondensed sulphur compounds coming from the first combustion unit can be lead into the second combustion device 21 of the Claus system through a feeding assembly 29 .
  • the latter combustion device 21 is provided with an exhaust assembly 32 , through which the oxidized and condensed sulphur compounds can be discharged from the device as elemental sulphur in a liquid or solid form. The elemental sulphur can be lead into the collector 24 and further to the transporter 25 .
  • the second combustion device of the Claus system is further provided with an exhaust assembly 30 , through which the gaseous, uncondensed sulphur compounds coming from the combustion device of the Claus system can be lead into the second combustion unit to be combusted.
  • the feed nozzle 26 of the first combustion unit can be connected to the distribution piece 31 so that part of the concentrated odorous gases can be lead through the distribution piece and past the first combustion unit directly into the second combustion unit to be combusted.
  • the exhaust nozzle 28 of the first Claus combustion device of the Claus system can also be connected to the distribution piece, through which part of the gas stream from the first Claus combustion device can be lead directly into the second combustion unit to be combusted.
  • FIG. 5 shows the recovery of sulphur by means of the Claus process, wherein several Claus combustion devices are connected sequentially, and the flow diagram of the post processing of the gases from the Claus system.
  • the arrangement comprises a first combustion unit having at least two combustion devices 40 , 41 of the Claus system connected in parallel, and condensers 42 , 43 connected thereto, and air feeding assemblies 58 , 59 .
  • the first combustion device of the Claus system is provided with a feed nozzle 46 , which is connected to the source of concentrated odorous gases, and with an exhaust nozzle 47 , through which the oxidized and condensed sulphur compounds of the concentrated odorous gases can be removed from the device as elemental sulphur in a liquid or solid form.
  • the elemental sulphur can be lead into a collector 44 and further to a transporter 45 .
  • the combustion device also comprises an exhaust nozzle 48 , through which the gaseous, uncondensed sulphur compounds from the first combustion device of the Claus system can be lead into the second combustion device 41 of the Claus system through a feeding nozzle 49 .
  • the latter combustion device 41 is provided with an exhaust nozzle 57 , through which the oxidized and condensed sulphur compounds can be removed from the device as elemental sulphur in a liquid or solid form.
  • the elemental sulphur can be lead into the collector 44 and further to the transporter 45 .
  • the second combustion unit of the Claus system is further provided with an exhaust nozzle 50 , through which the gaseous, uncondensed sulphur compounds coming the combustion device of the Claus system can be lead into the second combustion unit to be combusted.
  • the feed nozzle assembly 46 of the first combustion unit can be connected to the distribution piece 51 so that part of the concentrated odorous gases can be lead through the distribution piece and past the first combustion unit directly into the second combustion unit to be combusted.
  • the exhaust nozzle 48 of the first Claus combustion device of the Claus unit can be connected to the distribution piece, through which part of the gas stream coming from the first Claus combustion device can be lead directly into the second combustion unit to be combusted.
  • the odorous gas boiler 53 which is provided with a condenser 52
  • soda recovery boiler 54 soda recovery boiler 54
  • lime sludge reburning kiln 55 and/or flame 56 .

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US10/574,301 2003-10-03 2004-10-04 Desulphurization of odorous gases of a pulp mill Abandoned US20070034344A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI20031438 2003-10-03
FI20031438A FI119915B2 (fi) 2003-10-03 2003-10-03 Rikin poisto sellutehtaan hajukaasuista
PCT/FI2004/000581 WO2005033404A1 (en) 2003-10-03 2004-10-04 Desulphurization of odorous gases of a pulp mill

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US (1) US20070034344A1 (ru)
EP (1) EP1676002A1 (ru)
CA (1) CA2540870C (ru)
FI (1) FI119915B2 (ru)
NO (1) NO20061965L (ru)
RU (1) RU2349693C2 (ru)
WO (1) WO2005033404A1 (ru)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20110174155A1 (en) * 2008-10-22 2011-07-21 Hatch Ltd. Method for removing sulfur from a gas stream
US20120228702A1 (en) * 2011-03-09 2012-09-13 Elpida Memory, Inc. Semiconductor device and method of forming the same
US20130203981A1 (en) * 2010-06-07 2013-08-08 Olli Dahl Novel method to product microcellulose
US9353476B2 (en) * 2014-04-18 2016-05-31 Georgia-Pacific Containerboard Llc Method for recycling waste material with reduced odor emission

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FI123022B (fi) 2007-09-03 2012-10-15 Andritz Oy Menetelmä sellutehtaan hajukaasujen käsittelyssä

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2919976A (en) * 1956-06-08 1960-01-05 Pan American Petroleum Corp Conversion of hydrogen sulfide into free sulfur
US3525666A (en) * 1964-08-31 1970-08-25 Mo Och Domsjoe Ab Process for preparing kraft pulping liquor from black liquor including separate carbonation with combustion gases and evaporation steps
US3650888A (en) * 1970-06-11 1972-03-21 Combustion Eng Pollution controlled polysulfide recovery process
US4552746A (en) * 1981-11-02 1985-11-12 Roland Kettner Process for the reduction of the sulfur content in a gaseous stream
US5286697A (en) * 1989-07-21 1994-02-15 Veg-Gasinstituut N.V. Catalyst for the selective oxidation of sulphur compounds to elemental sulphur, process for preparing such a catalyst and method for the selective oxidation of sulphur compounds to elemental sulphur
US5294428A (en) * 1986-03-07 1994-03-15 The Boc Group, Plc Double combustion oxygen enhanced sulfur recovery process
US5965100A (en) * 1995-04-25 1999-10-12 Khanmamedov; Tofik K. Process for recovery of sulfur from an acid gas stream

Family Cites Families (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3212279C2 (de) 1982-04-02 1985-11-28 Davy McKee AG, 6000 Frankfurt Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Verbrennung H↓2↓S-haltiger Gase
FI103532B1 (fi) * 1994-03-16 1999-07-15 Tampella Power Oy Menetelmä sulfaattisellutehtaan S/Na-suhteen säätämiseksi

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2919976A (en) * 1956-06-08 1960-01-05 Pan American Petroleum Corp Conversion of hydrogen sulfide into free sulfur
US3525666A (en) * 1964-08-31 1970-08-25 Mo Och Domsjoe Ab Process for preparing kraft pulping liquor from black liquor including separate carbonation with combustion gases and evaporation steps
US3650888A (en) * 1970-06-11 1972-03-21 Combustion Eng Pollution controlled polysulfide recovery process
US4552746A (en) * 1981-11-02 1985-11-12 Roland Kettner Process for the reduction of the sulfur content in a gaseous stream
US5294428A (en) * 1986-03-07 1994-03-15 The Boc Group, Plc Double combustion oxygen enhanced sulfur recovery process
US5286697A (en) * 1989-07-21 1994-02-15 Veg-Gasinstituut N.V. Catalyst for the selective oxidation of sulphur compounds to elemental sulphur, process for preparing such a catalyst and method for the selective oxidation of sulphur compounds to elemental sulphur
US5965100A (en) * 1995-04-25 1999-10-12 Khanmamedov; Tofik K. Process for recovery of sulfur from an acid gas stream

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20110174155A1 (en) * 2008-10-22 2011-07-21 Hatch Ltd. Method for removing sulfur from a gas stream
US8702842B2 (en) * 2008-10-22 2014-04-22 Hatch Ltd. Method for removing sulfur from a gas stream
US20130203981A1 (en) * 2010-06-07 2013-08-08 Olli Dahl Novel method to product microcellulose
US9469695B2 (en) * 2010-06-07 2016-10-18 Aalto University Foundation Method to product microcellulose
US20120228702A1 (en) * 2011-03-09 2012-09-13 Elpida Memory, Inc. Semiconductor device and method of forming the same
US8742494B2 (en) * 2011-03-09 2014-06-03 Nan Wu Semiconductor device and method of forming the same
US9353476B2 (en) * 2014-04-18 2016-05-31 Georgia-Pacific Containerboard Llc Method for recycling waste material with reduced odor emission

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EP1676002A1 (en) 2006-07-05
CA2540870A1 (en) 2005-04-14
RU2349693C2 (ru) 2009-03-20
RU2006111219A (ru) 2007-11-20
NO20061965L (no) 2006-05-31
FI20031438A (fi) 2005-04-04
FI119915B2 (fi) 2011-06-15
WO2005033404A1 (en) 2005-04-14
CA2540870C (en) 2012-12-18
FI119915B (fi) 2009-05-15
FI20031438A0 (fi) 2003-10-03

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Owner name: OY METSA-BOTNIA AB, FINLAND

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:REILAMA, ISMO;ANNALA, KAISU;REEL/FRAME:018565/0987

Effective date: 20060419

STCB Information on status: application discontinuation

Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION