US20070029326A1 - Magnetic pulse welding method and apparatus for sealing a vessel and a sealed vessel - Google Patents

Magnetic pulse welding method and apparatus for sealing a vessel and a sealed vessel Download PDF

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Publication number
US20070029326A1
US20070029326A1 US10/563,836 US56383604A US2007029326A1 US 20070029326 A1 US20070029326 A1 US 20070029326A1 US 56383604 A US56383604 A US 56383604A US 2007029326 A1 US2007029326 A1 US 2007029326A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
vessel
cover
welding
welding part
open end
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US10/563,836
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English (en)
Inventor
Oren Gafri
Yuri Livshiz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Pulsar Welding Ltd
Original Assignee
Pulsar Welding Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Pulsar Welding Ltd filed Critical Pulsar Welding Ltd
Priority to US10/563,836 priority Critical patent/US20070029326A1/en
Publication of US20070029326A1 publication Critical patent/US20070029326A1/en
Assigned to PULSAR WELDING LTD. reassignment PULSAR WELDING LTD. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: GAFRI, OREN, LIVSHIZ, YURI
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K13/00—Welding by high-frequency current heating
    • B23K13/01—Welding by high-frequency current heating by induction heating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/06—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating by means of high energy impulses, e.g. magnetic energy
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
    • B23K2101/04—Tubular or hollow articles
    • B23K2101/12—Vessels

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method and apparatus for sealing containers and in particular, for sealing vessels by a pulsed magnetic force (PMF).
  • PMF pulsed magnetic force
  • a vessel such as a container, canister, tank, flask, etc. used, for example, for gas and/or liquid storage is usually produced by manufacturing a vessel body portion and a cover portion separately.
  • welding or crimping methods can be used for coupling the cover portion to the vessel body portion.
  • Welding hereinafter refers to a process in which two opposite surfaces of first and second workpieces form a physical joint, thereby become integrated with one another owing to mutual diffusion of their atoms.
  • crimping refers to such joining of two workpieces, when a surface of at least one of the workpieces becomes wavy, bent, or pinched so as to provide a “pure” mechanical joint between the two workpieces without interpenetration of the atoms of the first workpiece into the body of the second workpiece.
  • the crimping is usually made by stamping or rolling.
  • various crimping techniques are also known in the art which utilize the force generated by a transient magnetic field for sealing vessels.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 3,581,456 to Gere describes a method for forming a closure on the neck finish of a filled container which utilizes the force generated by a transient magnetic field.
  • the skirt of a cap positioned on the neck of the container, is urged by the field against the neck finish so as to cause the skirt to conform to the contours of the neck finish and to thereby hold the cap in engagement with the neck finish upon the neck of the container.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 3,957,005 describes a method for making a metal can end that includes a body portion of substantially uniform metal thickness and a peripheral flange of reduced metal thickness.
  • the can end is formed from relatively thin sheet material, such as aluminum sheet or the like, by punching or shearing a blank or disc from the sheet and forming the disc into a cup which is subjected to an ironing operation to reduce the thickness of the peripheral portion thereof and increase its projecting length.
  • the ironed cup is then subjected to mechanical pressing, or magnetic discharge forming, to shape the peripheral portion into a curvilinear flange which is adapted to be double seamed to the can body.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 4,934,552 to Koide et al. describes a method for producing a sealed vessel including a cylindrical body portion having an open end, and a cover fitting in the open end of the body portion.
  • the sealed vessel is produced by pressing the open end of the body portion from the outside of the body portion to an outer peripheral surface of the cover provided with at least one of annular grooves around the outer peripheral surface of the cover.
  • an electromagnetic force as the means for press-working, a part of the body portion is strictly and air-tightly fixed to the annular grooves in a moment and thus the sealed vessel is produced.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 5,191,775 to Shiina et al. describes a technique for sealing a refrigerating-medium storage vessel which comprises a tubular body having a bottom and an open upper end portion, and a closure fitted in the open end portion. The open end portion is constricted and crimped by electromagnetic forming and is thereby secured to the closure by beading and matching groove.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 5,191,775 states that the method does not employ welding for joining the closure to the body.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 5,671,522 to Aronne describes another crimping technique for sealing a container by magnetic pulse forming techniques.
  • the container is closed by means of a pair of specially constructed end caps each having annular recesses formed around their circumference.
  • the ends of the container are engaged within the recess and joined by magnetic pulse forming.
  • the magnetic pulse force is asserted radially inward against a mandrel which mates with a depression formed in the caps.
  • the conventional welding is usually carried out by a gas welding apparatus, laser or any other conventional welding technique. It is known in the art that the gas welding techniques suffer from different disadvantages, e.g., the vessel body must be made of a heatproof material, etc.
  • a method of sealing a vessel comprising:
  • a sealed vessel comprising:
  • a cover having a welding part where said welding part has a diameter less than the inner diameter of the vessel's body, thereby an air gap was provided between said vessel's body and the welding part of said cover placed within the said at least one open end of the vessel's body before the vessel was sealed,
  • said cover being welded to the vessel's body by a pulsed magnetic force causing bending a portion of the vessel's body in a radially inward direction around the cover in said air gap, said pulsed magnetic force has such a value so to provide mutual diffusion of atoms of the vessels body and the cover at their impact.
  • the cover can include also a brim part, where a value of a diameter of the cover at the brim part is about the value of an inner diameter of the vessel's body, thereby to provide holding the cover within the vessel's body.
  • a welding induction coil comprising at least a one-turn coil having two electrodes configured for applying pulsed high voltage thereacross,
  • said welding induction coil is configured for use with an apparatus for sealing a vessel having:
  • said welding induction coil is capable to generate a pulsed magnetic force causing bending a portion of the vessel's body, placed within a working zone of said welding induction coil, in a radially inward direction around the cover in said air gap, said pulsed magnetic force has such a value so to provide mutual diffusion of atoms of the vessel's body and the cover at their impact, and thereby to weld said cover to the vessel's body.
  • FIG. 1A and FIG. 1B illustrate an exploded view and a cross-sectional view of a vessel before a sealing process, according to one embodiment of the invention
  • FIGS. 2A-2D illustrate a sequence of stages of the welding process, according to an embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 3A and FIG. 3B illustrate exemplary images obtained from the examination under an optic microscope of an etched interface cross-section of the joint between a vessel's welding portion and a cover's welding part made of low carbon steel and aluminum, respectively;
  • FIG. 4A and FIG. 4B illustrate an exploded view and a cross-sectional view of the vessel before a welding process, correspondingly, according to another embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a cross-sectional view of the vessel before a welding process, according to a further embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a cross-sectional view of the vessel before a welding process, according to yet another embodiment of the invention
  • FIGS. 7A-7C illustrate cross-sectional views of the vessel before a welding process, according to a still further embodiments of the invention.
  • FIG. 8A and FIG. 8B illustrate a prospective view and a cross-sectional view of the welding induction coil, correspondingly, according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • the vessel 10 includes a cylindrical vessel's body 11 having an open end 12 and a cover 13 .
  • the cover 13 has a welding part 14 and a brim part 15 .
  • the purpose of the brim part 15 is to hold the cover 13 inside the vessel's body 11 . Therefore, a diameter of the cover 13 at the brim part 15 is equal to the inner diameter of the vessel's body 11 .
  • a diameter of the cover 13 at the welding part 14 is less than the inner diameter of the vessel's body.
  • an annular air gap 16 is provided between a vessel's welding portion 19 and a surface 17 of the cover's welding part 14 , when the cover 13 is placed into the open end 12 of the vessel's body 11 .
  • the vessel 10 may be constructed of any suitable metal material having the required strength and forming characteristics for the particular application. It should be appreciated that the vessel's body 11 and the cover 13 can be made of the same material or different materials. Examples of the metal materials from which the vessel's body 11 and the cover 13 are made include, but are not limited to, aluminum, low carbon steel, brass, copper. It should be appreciated that alloys of these and other materials can also be used.
  • a high power pulsed magnetic field is generated around the vessel's body 11 at the place where the cover's welding part 14 is located inside the vessel's body 11 .
  • a device suitable for providing a required magnetic pulsed magnetic field is known per se, and therefore its construction and operation will not be expounded herebelow.
  • the device described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,824,998 to the Assignee of this application, incorporated herein by reference can be used for the purpose of the present invention.
  • Such a device includes a welding induction coil, which can be configured in accordance with a specific application. In FIG. 1B the welding induction coil surrounds the vessel's body 11 and is indicated by a reference numeral 18 .
  • An example of the configuration of the welding induction coil 18 suitable for the present invention will be described in detail hereinbelow.
  • FIGS. 2A-2D a sequence of stages of the welding process is illustrated, according to an embodiment of the invention. It should be noted that these figures are not to scale, and are not in proportion, for purposes of clarity.
  • a pulsed magnetic force F associated with the magnetic field generated by the welding induction coil, is applied to the welding portion 19 of the vessel's body 11 (see FIG. 2A ).
  • the welding portion 19 is located near the open end 12 of the vessel's body 11 .
  • the location of the vessel's welding portion 19 is not limited to any part of the vessel's body 11 along its length.
  • the process of welding the vessel 10 for sealing thereof includes energizing the welding induction coil 18 to produce the pulsed magnetic force F for bending the vessel's welding portion 19 in a radially inward direction around the cover's welding part 14 .
  • the welding starts at the moment when an edge 20 of the welding portion 19 contacts the surface 17 of the cover's welding part 14 (see FIG. 2B ).
  • the front line 21 defining the welding zone WZ, moves tangentially towards the brim part 15 (see FIG. 2C ), thereby sealing the vessel (see FIG. 2D ).
  • the pulsed magnetic force F should have a predetermined value. More specifically, the pulsed magnetic force F must have such a value so that the vessel's welding portion 19 , during its movement in the gap 16 towards the surface 17 of the cover's welding part 14 , could attain a speed sufficient for welding the vessel's body to the cover.
  • the welding can be established when an effective speed value of the vessel's welding portion 19 at the impact is in the range of 250 m/sec-500 m/sec and the apparent tangential speed V t of the front line 21 is in the range of 1000 m/sec-2500 m/sec.
  • FIGS. 3A and 3B illustrate exemplary images obtained from the examination under an optic microscope (magnification: ⁇ 100) of a cross-section of an etched interface of the joint between the vessel's welding portion 19 and the cover's welding part 14 made of two similar metals, such as low carbon steel and aluminum, respectively.
  • FIG. 3A shows a typical flat shear-like welded interface
  • FIG. 3B shows a typical wavy interface.
  • the flat shear-like welded interface can be obtained when the angle between the vessel's welding portion 19 and the cover's welding part 14 at the impact is relatively small, while the wavy interface is obtained when the impact angle is relatively large.
  • the magnitude of the angle when the flat shear-like welded interface changes to the wavy interface depends on the impact speed and type of material. As can be appreciated by a person skilled in the art, such an image is a typical picture when a joint is obtained by a pulsed magnetic welding process.
  • FIG. 4A and FIG. 4B an exploded view and a cross-sectional view of the vessel 10 before a welding process are illustrated, correspondingly, according to another embodiment of the invention.
  • This embodiment distinguishes from that shown above in FIGS. 1A and 4B by the fact that the cover 13 here includes openings (one or more).
  • two such openings indicated by a reference numeral 43 are shown in FIG. 4A and FIG. 4B .
  • the openings 43 can be required for inserting inlet and outlet pipes therein.
  • the pulsed magnetic force, applied for sealing the vessel as described above can be high enough in order to cause a collapse of the cover's welding part 14 and to deform the openings 43 .
  • a technological plug 41 can be utilized together with the cover 13 .
  • the technological plug 41 has one or more pins 42 (two such pins 42 are shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B ) configured for inserting them into the openings 43 of the cover 13 and holding therein during the energizing of the welding induction coil 18 .
  • the technological plug 41 can be detached from the sealed vessel.
  • the dimension of the pins is such that they could fill the space of the openings, thereby providing reinforcement to the cover 13 .
  • the pins 42 are made of a material as hard as the material of the cover 13 or even harder than the material of the cover, e.g., hardened steel.
  • the cover 13 can be without the brim part 15 .
  • the diameter of the plug 41 conforms to the inner diameter of the vessel's body 11 , thereby holding the plug together with the cover 13 within the vessel's body 11 . After the sealing process, the plug 41 is detached from the vessel's body 11 .
  • FIG. 5 a cross-sectional view of the vessel 10 before a welding process is illustrated, according to a further embodiment of the invention.
  • This embodiment distinguishes from that described in FIGS. 1A and 1B by the fact that the vessel's body 11 is expanded at the open end 12 before the welding process, thereby forming an expanded zone A.
  • a diameter D A of the vessel's body 11 at the expanded zone A has a value larger than that of the diameter D V of the vessel's body 11 at its remaining portion.
  • the expanded zone A is provided for the better holding of the cover 13 within the vessel's body 11 .
  • a value of the diameter D CB of the cover brim part 15 should be about the value of the diameter of the expanded zone A (i.e., D CB ⁇ D A ), while the diameter D CW of the cover welding part 14 has to comply with the following inequality: D V ⁇ D CW ⁇ D A .
  • the cover can have one or more openings.
  • the technological plug 41 in FIG. 4A ) can be used in order to protect the cover from deformation during the welding process.
  • FIG. 6 a cross-sectional view of the vessel 10 before a welding process is illustrated, according to yet another embodiment of the invention.
  • This embodiment distinguishes from that described in FIGS. 1A and 1B by the fact that the vessel's body 11 has an undulated zone B near the open end 12 .
  • the undulated zone B is formed on the vessel's body 11 before the welding process and begins at a distance equal to the size of the cover welding part 14 .
  • the purpose of the undulated zone B is to provide better holding of the cover 13 within the vessel's body 11 .
  • a diameter DB of the undulated zone B has a value smaller than the diameter D V at the remaining portion of the vessel (i.e., DB ⁇ Dv).
  • the value of the diameter D CB of the cover brim part 15 should be about the value of the diameter of the vessel's body 11 (i.e., D CB ⁇ D V ), while the diameter D CW of the cover's welding part 14 has to comply with the following inequality: D B ⁇ D CW ⁇ D V .
  • FIGS. 7A-7C cross-sectional views of the vessel 10 before a welding process are illustrated, according to a still further embodiments of the invention. These embodiments distinguish from those described above in the fact that an insulated cylinder 71 is put on the vessel's body 11 for a further reinforcement of the vessel's body 11 during the welding. Thus, preferably, the inner diameter of the insulated cylinder 71 is equal to the outer diameter of the vessel's body 11 .
  • the welding induction coil 18 includes a one-turn coil 81 having a canal 82 formed into the coil's body for providing a passage of cooling liquids therethrough.
  • the canal 82 can be drilled during fabrication of the coil.
  • Two inlets 83 and 84 communicating with the canal 82 can be used for input and output of liquid, (e.g. water) passing through the coil 18 for cooling thereof during the welding process.
  • Three other technical inlets 85 created in the coil's body during the drilling of the canal 82 are closed by plugs 86 , in order to avoid the leakage of the cooling liquid.
  • the inlets 83 and 84 are connected to a liquid supply line (not shown).
  • the liquid supply line can be equipped with a liquid pump.
  • the liquid supply line can pass through a cooling system.
  • the cooling system is known per se, and can be of any conventional kind, e.g., a radiator.
  • the welding induction coil 18 includes two electrodes I and O coupled to an electric power supply source.
  • the power supply source described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,824,998 to Assignee of this application and incorporated herein by reference can be suitable for the purpose of the invention.
  • the vessel's body 11 can be placed into a working zone 89 of the welding induction coil 18 , preferably, at a distance of about 1-3 mm from an inner surface 90 of the one-turn coil 81 .
  • the providing and holding of the vessel's body 11 within the welding induction coil 18 can be done by any appropriate known means.
  • the vessel's body can be driven to the welding zone of the working induction coil by means of a pneumatic cylinder (not shown) or by a hydraulic cylinder (not shown).
  • the working voltage suitable for the purpose of the invention is in the range of about 3 kV to 25 kV. This voltage can provide a pulsed electric current across the one-turn coil 81 having the amplitude of about 10 kA to 1000 kA.
  • the pipe includes a vessel's body having two open ends.
  • the working induction coil can also be a multi-turn coil equipped with a field-shaper.
  • any reference to a specific implementation in terms of usage of the induction coil is shown by way of a non-limiting example.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Pressure Vessels And Lids Thereof (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
  • Closing Of Containers (AREA)
  • Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
  • Package Closures (AREA)
  • Butt Welding And Welding Of Specific Article (AREA)
  • Arc Welding In General (AREA)
US10/563,836 2003-07-07 2004-07-07 Magnetic pulse welding method and apparatus for sealing a vessel and a sealed vessel Abandoned US20070029326A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US10/563,836 US20070029326A1 (en) 2003-07-07 2004-07-07 Magnetic pulse welding method and apparatus for sealing a vessel and a sealed vessel

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US48467803P 2003-07-07 2003-07-07
PCT/IL2004/000606 WO2005002777A1 (fr) 2003-07-07 2004-07-07 Procede de soudage a impulsions magnetiques et appareil destines a souder un vaisseau et vaisseau soude
US10/563,836 US20070029326A1 (en) 2003-07-07 2004-07-07 Magnetic pulse welding method and apparatus for sealing a vessel and a sealed vessel

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US20070029326A1 true US20070029326A1 (en) 2007-02-08

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US (1) US20070029326A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1641589B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP4701170B2 (fr)
KR (1) KR20060025608A (fr)
CN (1) CN100534696C (fr)
AT (1) ATE451196T1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2531012A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE602004024530D1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2005002777A1 (fr)

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US20140318655A1 (en) * 2011-11-17 2014-10-30 Thorsten Hillesheim Hydraulic accumulator
US11306784B2 (en) 2018-10-11 2022-04-19 Transform Automotive Llc Vehicle drivetrain assembly and method for making the assembly
US11517976B2 (en) * 2016-11-14 2022-12-06 Adm 28 S.A.R.L. Method for magnetic pulse soldering of a stack of sheets

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DE602007004208D1 (de) * 2006-05-16 2010-02-25 Pulsar Welding Ltd Verfahren zur abdichtung von hochdruckbehältern unter verwendung von magnetischer impulsgebung mit hoher radialaufprallgeschwindigkeit
CN101472701B (zh) * 2006-06-20 2013-01-09 Ip商品化（以色列）有限公司 焊接/接合前高压/高速焊接或接合第一和第二金属工件的方法、及由该方法制成的制造品
ATE514515T1 (de) * 2006-12-18 2011-07-15 Gm Global Tech Operations Inc VERFAHREN ZUM MAGNETIMPULSSCHWEIßEN VON BLECHEN, MIT EINEM DIESER BLECHE MIT EINEM VERBINDUNGSTEIL,DER RELATIV ZUR BLECHPLANE GENEIGT IST
DE102007055929B4 (de) * 2007-01-23 2015-05-21 Denso Corporation Verfahren und Gerät zum Herstellen einer Kraftstoffpumpe
DE102011086682A1 (de) * 2011-11-21 2013-05-23 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren zum Herstellen einer formschlüssigen Verbindung an einem Hydraulikaggregat einer Fahrzeugbremsanlage
FR2999460B1 (fr) * 2012-12-13 2015-06-26 Adm28 S Ar L Procede d'assemblage par sertissage magnetique
BE1021285B1 (nl) * 2013-05-17 2015-10-20 Hydra Parts N.V. Verbeterde werkwijze
CN105789492A (zh) * 2014-12-23 2016-07-20 比亚迪股份有限公司 电池的外壳及其制备方法以及电池、电池组和电动汽车
KR101536292B1 (ko) * 2015-04-13 2015-07-14 재단법인 포항산업과학연구원 용접 구조물 형성 방법
CN106583977A (zh) * 2016-12-29 2017-04-26 重庆市送变电工程有限公司 模块化电磁脉冲焊接平台
CN111730189B (zh) * 2020-06-28 2021-11-09 重庆大学 一种金属盖容器电磁脉冲密封装置及其方法

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US20140318655A1 (en) * 2011-11-17 2014-10-30 Thorsten Hillesheim Hydraulic accumulator
US9551360B2 (en) * 2011-11-17 2017-01-24 Carl Freudenberg Kg Hydraulic accumulator
US11517976B2 (en) * 2016-11-14 2022-12-06 Adm 28 S.A.R.L. Method for magnetic pulse soldering of a stack of sheets
US11306784B2 (en) 2018-10-11 2022-04-19 Transform Automotive Llc Vehicle drivetrain assembly and method for making the assembly
US11927222B2 (en) 2018-10-11 2024-03-12 Transform Automotive Llc Vehicle drivetrain assembly and method for making the assembly

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DE602004024530D1 (de) 2010-01-21
CA2531012A1 (fr) 2005-01-13
JP4701170B2 (ja) 2011-06-15
EP1641589A1 (fr) 2006-04-05
CN1819891A (zh) 2006-08-16
CN100534696C (zh) 2009-09-02
ATE451196T1 (de) 2009-12-15
JP2007518564A (ja) 2007-07-12
EP1641589B1 (fr) 2009-12-09
WO2005002777A1 (fr) 2005-01-13
KR20060025608A (ko) 2006-03-21

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