US20060290935A1 - Process for corrosion control in boilers - Google Patents

Process for corrosion control in boilers Download PDF

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Publication number
US20060290935A1
US20060290935A1 US11/383,646 US38364606A US2006290935A1 US 20060290935 A1 US20060290935 A1 US 20060290935A1 US 38364606 A US38364606 A US 38364606A US 2006290935 A1 US2006290935 A1 US 2006290935A1
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Prior art keywords
corrosion
probe
boiler
control
process according
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Abandoned
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US11/383,646
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English (en)
Inventor
J. Martin
Christopher Smyrniotis
Kent Schulz
William Sun
Scott Bohlen
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Fuel Tech Inc
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Fuel Tech Inc
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Priority to US11/383,646 priority Critical patent/US20060290935A1/en
Assigned to FUEL TECH, INC. reassignment FUEL TECH, INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: MARTIN, J. DAVID, BOHLEN, SCOTT K., SCHULZ, KENT W., SMYRNIOTIS, CHRISTOPHER R., SUN, WILLIAM H.
Priority to US11/548,866 priority patent/US7845292B2/en
Publication of US20060290935A1 publication Critical patent/US20060290935A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J7/00—Arrangement of devices for supplying chemicals to fire
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/70—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by reduction
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F5/00—Softening water; Preventing scale; Adding scale preventatives or scale removers to water, e.g. adding sequestering agents
    • C02F5/08—Treatment of water with complexing chemicals or other solubilising agents for softening, scale prevention or scale removal, e.g. adding sequestering agents
    • C02F5/083—Mineral agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
    • C10L10/04—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for minimising corrosion or incrustation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
    • C23F11/00—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent
    • C23F11/08—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent in other liquids
    • C23F11/18—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent in other liquids using inorganic inhibitors
    • C23F11/182—Sulfur, boron or silicon containing compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
    • C23F14/00—Inhibiting incrustation in apparatus for heating liquids for physical or chemical purposes
    • C23F14/02—Inhibiting incrustation in apparatus for heating liquids for physical or chemical purposes by chemical means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
    • F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
    • F22B37/025—Devices and methods for diminishing corrosion, e.g. by preventing cooling beneath the dew point
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
    • F23G5/48—Preventing corrosion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F19/00—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N17/00—Investigating resistance of materials to the weather, to corrosion, or to light
    • G01N17/006—Investigating resistance of materials to the weather, to corrosion, or to light of metals
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N17/00—Investigating resistance of materials to the weather, to corrosion, or to light
    • G01N17/02—Electrochemical measuring systems for weathering, corrosion or corrosion-protection measurement
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N17/00—Investigating resistance of materials to the weather, to corrosion, or to light
    • G01N17/04—Corrosion probes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/02—Non-contaminated water, e.g. for industrial water supply
    • C02F2103/023—Water in cooling circuits
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
    • C02F2303/08—Corrosion inhibition

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a corrosion control process, which is especially useful in the control of chloride corrosion in boilers, particularly waste to energy boilers.
  • iron from the tube goes into the slag solution which contains low fusion calcium-iron-silicate eutectics that are formed in the liquid slag under reducing conditions in the furnace. They state that reduced sulfur in the form of S, H 2 S, FeS or FeS 2 can react with the oxygen of the tube scale depriving the tube metal of its protective layer.
  • FIG. 1 A photo of a tube removed due to a failure is shown in FIG. 1 .
  • An observation that can be made from FIG. 2 is that corrosion is strong on the sides tangential to flue gas flow and occurs on opposing sides of the tube.
  • TNO Nederlandse Organisatie Toegepast—Voor Naturwetenschappelijk
  • TNO IND Ing. W. Hesseling
  • TNO-MEP Ing. W. Hesseling
  • Ir. J. van de Wetering Akzo Nobel AMC
  • Rademakers, et al. explain that high temperature corrosion in waste incinerators is caused by chlorine either in the form of HCl, Cl 2 , or combined with Na, K, Zn, Pb, Sn and other elements. Both gaseous HCl with and without a reducing atmosphere and molten chlorides within the deposit, are considered major factors. As with Breen, et al, they point out that sulfur compounds can be corrosive compounds under some circumstances and can influence the corrosion by chlorine.
  • Rademakers, et al. identify several factors as the most important in high temperature corrosion: the metal temperature and the temperature difference between gas and metal, the flue gas composition, deposits formation and reducing conditions, and the ratio of SO 2 /HCl. They indicate that following mechanisms can be distinguished:
  • Alkali chlorides such as NaCl, CaCl 2 and KCl
  • alkali chlorides can be sulfated according to the following reaction, provided there is enough SO 2 and O 2 : 2NaCl+SO 2 +1 ⁇ 2 O 2 +H 2 O ⁇ Na 2 SO 4 +2HCl [2] This would result in formation of sulfates and volatile HCl.
  • FeCl 2 (solid) FeCl 2 (gas) [7] 4FeCl 2 +3O 2 ⁇ Fe 2 O 3 +2Cl 2 [8] 3FeCl 2 +2O 2 ⁇ Fe 3 O 4 +3Cl 2 [9]
  • the chlorine has a catalytic effect on the oxidation of the metal resulting in enhanced corrosion.
  • the invention provides a method for corrosion control in a boiler, particularly a waste to energy boiler which involves the introduction of treatment chemicals for the purpose of modulating or preventing the problems of high temperature corrosion of metal surfaces.
  • the invention also provides a new constant temperature probe useful in such a process.
  • the invention will comprise: monitoring the degree of corrosion in a boiler with a corrosion monitor and utilizing the information on corrosion to control introduction of corrosion control chemicals into the boiler.
  • the effect of the chemical on corrosion is monitored and adjusted to provide effective corrosion control.
  • the original placement of the monitor and/or its probes or electrodes and the original introduction parameters for the introduction of corrosion control chemicals are preferably evaluated through the use of computational fluid dynamics.
  • a preferred corrosion control process of the invention will comprise: disposing an apparatus comprising a constant temperature probe having a corrodible surface in a known position in a boiler; periodically removing the probe for visual and/or physical observation; based on the observations of the probe and comparison with data for boiler components such as tubes, calibrating the degree of corrosion on the probe with what could be expected of the boiler components; and utilizing observations of the probe as calibrated to control introduction of corrosion control chemicals into the boiler.
  • the preferred chemical treatment provided by the invention is to introduce SO 3 or a precursor of it into the corrosive atmosphere in a manner as to most directly attack the problem, preferably in a targeted fashion.
  • This process applies a source of sulfur directly to the flue gas stream in the location most ideal to drive the reaction toward the sulfate salts.
  • This aspect of the invention provides for the addition of a sulfur compound capable of releasing SO 2 or SO 3 , preferably in the form of a sulfate salt, bisulfite salt, sulfur or sulfuric acid, e.g., H 2 SO 4 , in amounts sufficient to interfere with the chloride chemistry as outlined above and help maintain the chloride in gaseous form.
  • the method involves subjecting the corrodible surface of said probe to UT measurements, e.g., such as weekly; and then after a predetermined period of time, e.g., 25-30 days, obtaining a metallographic analysis and physical measurement of metal thickness remaining.
  • UT measurements e.g., such as weekly
  • a predetermined period of time e.g. 25-30 days
  • a preferred apparatus for use in this process will comprise: a probe capable of fixing to a boiler exterior and extending into a boiler to an extent necessary to reach a suspected trouble point for corrosion; a source of cooling fluid and means for directing the fluid into the probe for cooling the probe; and temperature sensing means associated with the probe and control means for controlling supply of the fluid to the probe.
  • the probe is adapted to permit insertion and withdrawal from the boiler for visual and physical observation.
  • One type of apparatus useful in the process of the invention comprises: a probe capable of fixing to a boiler exterior and extending into a boiler to an extent necessary to reach a suspected trouble point for corrosion; a source of cooling fluid and means for directing the fluid into the probe for cooling the probe; temperature sensing means associated with the probe; and control means for controlling supply of the fluid to the probe.
  • a preferred corrosion monitoring process of the invention will comprise: disposing an apparatus as just described in a predetermined operable position in a boiler; periodically removing the probe for visual and/or physical observation; based on the observations of the probe and comparison with data for boiler components such as tubes, calibrating the degree of corrosion on the probe with what could be expected of the boiler components; and utilizing observations of the probe as calibrated to determine the degree of corrosion of metal surfaces near the predetermined location of the probe to determine when boiler shutdown should be effected for repair and/or cleaning.
  • FIG. 1 is a photograph showing a close-up of rough, wasted surface of a superheater tube covered with friable corrosion product layers.
  • FIG. 2 is a photograph showing a deep, general metal loss extending to opposite sides of a super heater tube.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic outlining the various steps of chemical reactions to help explain corrosion of incinerator boiler tubes.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of one embodiment of an apparatus effective in the process of the invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic representation of a section of the probe described in connection with FIG. 4 .
  • FIG. 6 is a graphical presentation of UT measurements at different times during exposure period.
  • FIG. 7 is a graphical presentation of remaining wall thickness at different positions on the probe.
  • FIG. 8 is a graphical presentation of a comparison of treated and untreated UT measurement results.
  • the invention provides processes for monitoring corrosion and for controlling corrosion, which are described below with reference to exemplary embodiments. Because the monitor and the processes are especially useful in the control of chloride corrosion in waste to energy boilers, they will be described in this context while those skilled in the art will see the application of the invention to other environments.
  • FIG. 1 is a photograph showing a close-up of rough, wasted surface of a superheater tube covered with friable corrosion product layers
  • FIG. 2 is a photograph showing a deep, general metal loss extending to opposite sides of a super heater tube.
  • the invention provides a method for monitoring this type of corrosion and enables its control to the point that frequent replacement of superheater tubes or constructing of high temperature steel can be avoided.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic that outlines a probable sequence of chemical reactions to help explain the occurrence and progression of corrosion of incinerator boiler tubes.
  • the corrosion can be controlled by introducing SO 3 or a precursor of it into the corrosive atmosphere in a manner as to most directly attack the problem.
  • teachings of Smyrniotis, et al., U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,740,745 and 5,894,806 and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/754072 are instructive of the processing arrangements and control that may be utilized and enhanced with the invention.
  • the monitoring of corrosion and the correction of it by the introduction of SO 3 or precursor chemicals in a targeted fashion can be effective in reducing corrosion and its adverse consequences.
  • the invention provides for the addition of a sulfur compound capable of releasing SO 2 or SO 3 , preferably in the form of a sulfate salt, bisulfite salt, sulfur or sulfuric acid, e.g., H 2 SO 4 , in concentrations and at locations which will interfere with the chloride chemistry as outlined above and help maintain the chloride in gaseous form.
  • An alternative source of SO 2 or SO 3 is Sulfur burner technology. The invention thus can enhance the use of the process and chemicals by carefully applying limited amounts of chemical in a control regimen that will save much greater amounts than would otherwise be spent in superheater tube replacements, materials upgrades and system down time.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of one embodiment of an apparatus of the invention employing an in-furnace probe 10
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic representation of a section of the probe 10 described in connection with FIG. 4
  • a preferred apparatus will comprise: a probe capable of fixing to a boiler exterior and extending into a boiler to an extent necessary to reach a suspected trouble point for corrosion; a source of cooling fluid and means for directing it into the probe for cooling the probe; control means for controlling supply of the fluid to the probe; and temperature sensing means associated with the probe and control means for controlling supply of the fluid to the probe.
  • the probe is adapted to permit insertion and withdrawal from the boiler for visual and physical observation.
  • FIG. 4 shows a preferred form of corrosion monitoring probe 10 , which is shown electrically connected to a data logger controller 12 and operationally to a source of cooling air 14 .
  • the probe 10 is comprised of an outer tube 16 of a length suitable for inserting it into a boiler from a mount positioned on the wall of a boiler, not shown.
  • the outer tube 16 of probe 10 is preferably made of the same material as the tubes, e.g., superheater boiler tubes presenting the corrosion problem, but can be of an alloy selected based on engineering design to correlate with the properties of the tube metal under the conditions of operation.
  • the outer tube 16 of test probe can be subjected to periodic Ultrasonic Testing (UT) measurements or highly sophisticated (expensive) instruments to measure the corrosivity of the flue gas, instead of waiting for planned outages which may be as much as a year apart.
  • the preferred method of on-line measurement includes exposure of this probe at constant temperature to conditions inside of a boiler at a predetermined position and then removing it periodically, while the boiler remains on-line, for UT measurements.
  • the UT measurements will be at intervals determined by engineering design and can be as frequently as weekly.
  • the outer tube 16 of the probe 10 can be withdrawn from the boiler and sent to a laboratory for detailed metallographic analysis and physical measurement of metal thickness remaining.
  • Another type of corrosion monitor measures electrochemical noise occurring at the surface of the tubes while that surface is exposed to combustion products.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 6,478,948 to Breen, et al. describes such a probe and discusses how it is employed for measuring electrochemical noise and then limiting corrosion by adjusting the ratio of fuel to oxygen—because their premise is that low NO x conditions can result in corrosion. We have determined that such a probe can be useful in corrosion control without altering NO x control measures.
  • the details of the corrosion monitor of Breen, et al. are incorporated herein by reference.
  • the probe is connected to a corrosion monitor having a computer and software which determines a corrosion rate from the measured electrochemical noise. That rate is compared to a standard to determine if the rate is within acceptable limits. If not, the rate and/or location of chemical addition can be changed.
  • the probe of Breen, et al. can be jacket to control its temperature, preferably to be of constant temperature.
  • the probe 10 shown in FIG. 4 is tested for metal loss and then compared to historical rates of the pendant tubes for purposes of calibration.
  • This data can be used alone or along with visual observations of the surface and impact on the metal surface for purposes of comparison in a control scheme where probe 10 loss is noted, compared to a standard and the result of the comparison used for adjusting chemical treatment to control corrosion.
  • the process of the invention will employ a plurality of probes 10 .
  • the placement of the probes can be accomplished by computational fluid dynamics, observation and/or trial and error.
  • the probe 10 is shown to include three thermocouples.
  • Thermocouple 18 is for the purpose of sensing the temperature of the outer tube 16 , and is preferably welded to it.
  • a second thermocouple 20 for the purpose of monitoring the temperature of the tip 21 of the outer tube 16 of the probe 10 , e.g., for assuring that the tip 21 does not overheat, is positioned a suitable distance, e.g., 1-3 feet from the end of the probe 10 .
  • a third thermocouple 22 which extends through the wall of the outer tube 16 of the probe 10 at a predetermined location to sense the temperature of the combustion gases in the boiler.
  • the exact number, type and location of the thermocouples will be a matter of design for each individual unit, and the thermocouples can, where feasible, be replaced with other effective temperature sensing means and techniques.
  • the probe 10 is maintained at constant temperature. This can be achieved by providing cooling air from controllable source 14 , and passing it to the interior of the probe 10 by means of a suitable conduit, e.g., flexible braded hose 24 and suitable couplings, and permitting it to exit the open end of the tube 16 .
  • Control valve 26 takes control signals from a controller 12 and supplies air as necessary to maintain the temperature of the probe 10 within a predetermined temperature range.
  • thermocouples 18 and 20 sense the temperatures at their respective locations and send sensed signals representative of temperature to the controller 12 via suitable lines 28 (or by wireless means not shown).
  • the controller 12 compares the sensed signals to reference values and sends a control signal to the control valve 26 in response to the comparison. Responsive to the control signals, the control valve 26 can adjust the feed of cooling air to provide the amount as needed to the probe 10 to maintain its desired temperature.
  • the valve 26 can be of any type suitable to provide the control desired, and is preferably an air flow control valve with a digital positioner.
  • the outer tube 16 of probe 10 is attached to probe housing 30 , preferably by means, e.g., threaded engagement, which permits easy removal for testing and replacement.
  • the housing 30 also has a fitting 32 to permit ease of connection to air hose 24 , preferably for quick coupling and removal.
  • the housing 30 also includes a threaded fitting or other connection means to permit secure attachment to a support mechanism located on the boiler wall (not shown).
  • the apparatus of the invention as shown in FIG. 4 is useful in gathering data that can be used to select and change operating conditions for a corrosion control process. It is preferred to operate a probe 10 at a given temperature over a period of time and to measure the corrosion at different longitudinal segments of it at timed intervals over a test period. A series of measurements at different temperatures can be helpful in determining baseline conditions and in setting and/or adjusting control parameters. This can be achieved by using one probe in a series of sequential tests or a plurality of probes in a series of overlapping tests.
  • FIG. 6 is a graphical presentation of UT measurements at different times during exposure period and
  • FIG. 7 is a graphical presentation of remaining wall thickness at different positions on the probe.
  • FIG. 8 is a graphical presentation of a comparison of treated and untreated UT measurement results. This type of data is very helpful in both setting initial operation conditions and adjusting control parameters.
  • sulfur bearing materials in a water based mixture are targeted for injection to the trouble spots in the boiler and as close to the flame as practical in a form designed to maximize the conversion of the chloride salts to their sulfate forms.
  • the primary chemical reaction is believed to be: 2XCl+SO 3 +H 2 O+ ⁇ X2SO4+2HCl

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US11/383,646 2005-05-17 2006-05-16 Process for corrosion control in boilers Abandoned US20060290935A1 (en)

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US11/383,646 US20060290935A1 (en) 2005-05-17 2006-05-16 Process for corrosion control in boilers
US11/548,866 US7845292B2 (en) 2005-05-17 2006-10-12 Process for slag and corrosion control in boilers

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US11/383,646 US20060290935A1 (en) 2005-05-17 2006-05-16 Process for corrosion control in boilers

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Cited By (7)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20090038310A1 (en) * 2005-06-16 2009-02-12 Martti Aho Method for preventing chlorine deposition on the heat-transferring surfaces of a boiler
US20110017110A1 (en) * 2009-07-24 2011-01-27 Higgins Brian S Methods and systems for improving combustion processes
US20110087517A1 (en) * 2009-10-12 2011-04-14 Abbott Patrick D Targeted Equipment Monitoring System and Method for Optimizing Equipment Reliability
EP2325621A1 (de) * 2009-11-18 2011-05-25 Technische Universität Darmstadt Korrosionssonde
US20140212826A1 (en) * 2013-01-28 2014-07-31 Martin Gmbh Fuer Umwelt- Und Energietechnik Measurement apparatus, method for investigating coatings on a coating probe, incineration plant and method for operating such an incineration plant
CN110608992A (zh) * 2019-10-17 2019-12-24 浙江大学 一种测试垃圾焚烧锅炉受热面金属材料耐高温腐蚀性能的探针装置及方法
CN112240556A (zh) * 2020-10-20 2021-01-19 江苏天楹等离子体科技有限公司 一种垃圾焚烧炉烟气余热利用装置

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
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