US20050271993A1 - Systems for reacting fuel and air to a reformate - Google Patents

Systems for reacting fuel and air to a reformate Download PDF

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Publication number
US20050271993A1
US20050271993A1 US10/504,893 US50489305A US2005271993A1 US 20050271993 A1 US20050271993 A1 US 20050271993A1 US 50489305 A US50489305 A US 50489305A US 2005271993 A1 US2005271993 A1 US 2005271993A1
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Prior art keywords
nozzle
fuel
air
nozzle outlet
bore
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US10/504,893
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English (en)
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Rudiger Galtz
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
    • H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
    • H01M8/0618—Reforming processes, e.g. autothermal, partial oxidation or steam reforming
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/30—Injector mixers
    • B01F25/31—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/40—Static mixers
    • B01F25/42—Static mixers in which the mixing is affected by moving the components jointly in changing directions, e.g. in tubes provided with baffles or obstructions
    • B01F25/43—Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction
    • B01F25/431—Straight mixing tubes with baffles or obstructions that do not cause substantial pressure drop; Baffles therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/26—Nozzle-type reactors, i.e. the distribution of the initial reactants within the reactor is effected by their introduction or injection through nozzles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J4/00—Feed or outlet devices; Feed or outlet control devices
    • B01J4/001—Feed or outlet devices as such, e.g. feeding tubes
    • B01J4/002—Nozzle-type elements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
    • C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
    • C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
    • C01B3/36—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using oxygen or mixtures containing oxygen as gasifying agents
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C7/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply
    • F23C7/002—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply the air being submitted to a rotary or spinning motion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/10—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour
    • F23D11/101—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour medium and fuel meeting before the burner outlet
    • F23D11/102—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour medium and fuel meeting before the burner outlet in an internal mixing chamber
    • F23D11/103—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour medium and fuel meeting before the burner outlet in an internal mixing chamber with means creating a swirl inside the mixing chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/10—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour
    • F23D11/101—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour medium and fuel meeting before the burner outlet
    • F23D11/105—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour medium and fuel meeting before the burner outlet at least one of the fluids being submitted to a swirling motion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/36—Details, e.g. burner cooling means, noise reduction means
    • F23D11/38—Nozzles; Cleaning devices therefor
    • F23D11/383—Nozzles; Cleaning devices therefor with swirl means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
    • H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
    • H01M8/0625—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material in a modular combined reactor/fuel cell structure
    • H01M8/0631—Reactor construction specially adapted for combination reactor/fuel cell
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F2025/91—Direction of flow or arrangement of feed and discharge openings
    • B01F2025/913—Vortex flow, i.e. flow spiraling in a tangential direction and moving in an axial direction
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/025—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a partial oxidation step
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/025—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a partial oxidation step
    • C01B2203/0255—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a partial oxidation step containing a non-catalytic partial oxidation step
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/12—Feeding the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/1276—Mixing of different feed components
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in air; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23C2900/03002—Combustion apparatus adapted for incorporating a fuel reforming device
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M2008/1095—Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
    • H01M2008/1293—Fuel cells with solid oxide electrolytes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04014—Heat exchange using gaseous fluids; Heat exchange by combustion of reactants
    • H01M8/04022—Heating by combustion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
    • H01M8/0662—Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a system for reacting fuel and air to a reformate, comprising a reformer which has a reaction space, a nozzle for supplying a fuel/air mixture to the reaction space, at least one supply conduit for supplying fuel to the nozzle, and at least one entrance channel for supplying air to the nozzle.
  • Generic systems are used for converting chemical energy into electric energy.
  • fuel and air preferably in the form of a fuel/air mixture, are supplied to the reformer. Inside the reformer, the fuel then is reacted with the atmospheric oxygen, preferably by performing the process of partial oxidation.
  • the reformate thus produced then is supplied to a fuel cell or a fuel cell stack, respectively, electric energy being released due to the controlled reaction of hydrogen, as part of the reformate, and oxygen.
  • the reformer can be designed such that the process of partial oxidation is performed to produce reformate.
  • diesel when using diesel as fuel, it is particularly useful to perform preliminary reactions prior to the partial oxidation.
  • long-chain diesel molecules can be converted to shorter-chain molecules with a “cold flame”, which ultimately promotes the operation of the reformer.
  • a gas mixture is supplied to the reaction zone of the reformer, which gas mixture is converted to H 2 and CO.
  • Another constituent of the reformate is N 2 from the air and, in dependence on the air ratio and the temperature, possibly CO 2 , H 2 O and CH 4 .
  • the reforming reaction can be monitored by different sensors, for instance temperature sensors and gas sensors.
  • the process of partial oxidation is effected in that a substoichiometric amount of oxygen is supplied.
  • the partial oxidation is exothermal, so that an undesired heating of the reformer can occur in a problematic way.
  • the partial oxidation tends to lead to an increased formation of soot.
  • the air ratio ⁇ can be chosen smaller. This is achieved in that part of the oxygen used for the oxidation is provided by steam.
  • PEM Proton Exchange Membrane
  • SOFC Solid Oxide Fuel Cell
  • auxiliary power unit As field of application for fuel cells in conjunction with the generic systems not only stationary applications are considered, but also applications in the field of motor vehicles, for instance as auxiliary power unit (APU).
  • APU auxiliary power unit
  • the invention is based on the generic system in that the nozzle has a swirl chamber into which at least one supply conduit for supplying fuel opens substantially axially centrally and the at least one entrance channel opens substantially tangentially and from which exits a nozzle outlet, and that the swirl chamber comprises a narrowing spiral channel, into which opens the entrance channel for the gaseous medium, and a gap space axially contiguous thereto in the direction toward the nozzle outlet, into which opens the supply conduit for supplying fuel and from which exits the nozzle outlet.
  • the arrangement of the invention thus provides that the entrance channel for the air or the gaseous medium in general opens into the annular space, while the supply for fuel, i.e. the liquid medium in general, opens into the gap space.
  • the annular space performs the function of a turbulence chamber, into which the gaseous medium is introduced through a relatively large bore at least substantially tangentially at a relatively large distance from the central longitudinal axis of the swirl chamber. From the turbulence chamber or the spiral channel, respectively, the gaseous medium is introduced into a chamber with small axial extension. In the present case, this chamber is referred to as gap space.
  • the small axial extension is chosen to be able to ensure a rather low pressure loss.
  • An essential aspect of the system of the invention in which there is provided a swirl chamber composed of a spiral channel and a gap space, relates to the maintenance of the spin with the objective to introduce the gaseous medium into the annular space at a low speed, to accelerate the same therein and introduce the same into the gap space at a high speed.
  • a negative pressure thereby is provided such that the liquid medium axially flowing through the gap space is nebulized.
  • the rheological design of the spiral channel can be effected according to the usual aspects of the design of deflectors for centrifugal fans, which are well known in the prior art.
  • the system in accordance with the invention in particular has an advantageous design in that one end wall of the spiral channel, i.e. the inner wall or the outer wall, is formed in a circular cylindrical shape, and the other end wall of the spiral channel is formed in a spiral shape.
  • the spiral channel can be manufactured in two parts from a milled part provided with the spiral shape and a cylindrical part centrally inserted into the same.
  • the entrance channel for the liquid medium is arranged coaxially with respect to the nozzle outlet.
  • the liquid medium thus is centrally fed into the gap space in alignment with the central longitudinal axis of the swirl chamber through a small bore and on the side of the gap space directly opposite said bore is discharged through another larger bore; the same forms the nozzle outlet.
  • the nozzle outlet is defined by a nozzle bore in an end plate of the gap space of the swirl chamber.
  • the edge of the nozzle outlet bore on the side of the gap space can be rounded, in order to minimize the pressure required to deliver the mixture of liquid and gaseous medium into the nozzle outlet.
  • this edge can be bevelled or can also be sharp-edged for the same purpose.
  • the system in accordance with the invention is constituted such that the axial length of the nozzle outlet is 0.05 mm to 1 mm, in particular 0.1 mm to 0.5 mm.
  • the air entering the reaction space through the nozzle i.e. the air present in the fuel/air mixture
  • the secondary air advantageously is delivered through secondary air bores in the housing of the reaction space. Dividing the air into primary air and secondary air can be useful for providing a rich, readily ignitable mixture at the outlet of the nozzle. This is useful in particular during the starting operation of the system, as here the reformer advantageously operates in the manner of a burner.
  • the invention is developed in that the nozzle has means for holding a glow plug.
  • the position of the glow plug with respect to the nozzle is an important parameter with regard to a good starting behavior of the reformer.
  • the glow plug generally was held by the reformer housing, so that this could lead to variations in position with respect to the nozzle. Due to the property of the inventive nozzle that the nozzle itself has means for holding the glow plug, such tolerances can be excluded. The glow plug always has the same position with respect to the nozzle.
  • the means for holding the glow plug are realized as bore extending at an angle with respect to the nozzle axis. For the proper positioning, the glow plug then must merely be introduced into the bore. A stop at the glow plug and/or inside the bore ensures that the glow plug is guided into its optimum position with respect to the nozzle.
  • the invention is based on the knowledge that by means of a swirl chamber composed of a spiral channel and a gap space a particularly advantageous maintenance of the spin can be obtained.
  • the gaseous medium i.e. in particular the air
  • the annular space can be accelerated in the same, and from the same can then be introduced into the gap space at a high speed.
  • a negative pressure is provided at the outlet of the gap space such that the liquid medium flowing through the gap space, i.e. in particular the fuel, is atomized or nebulized, respectively.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic block circuit diagram of a system in which the present invention can be used
  • FIG. 2 shows a partial longitudinal section of an embodiment of a nozzle for use in a system in accordance with the invention
  • FIG. 3 shows a cross-sectional view of the annular space of the swirl chamber of the nozzle as shown in FIG. 2 .
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic block circuit diagram of a system in which the present invention can be used.
  • fuel 216 is supplied to a reformer 214 .
  • air 218 is supplied to the reformer 214 via a blower 242 .
  • the reformate 220 produced in the reformer 214 reaches the anode 224 of a fuel cell 212 .
  • cathode supply air 228 is supplied to the cathode 230 of the fuel cell 212 .
  • the fuel cell 212 produces electric energy 210 .
  • the anode waste gas 234 and the cathode waste air 236 are supplied to a burner 232 .
  • Reformate can likewise be supplied to the burner 232 via the valve means 222 .
  • the thermal energy produced in the burner 232 can be supplied to the cathode waste air 228 , so that the same is preheated. Waste gas 250 flows out of the heat exchanger 238 .
  • the system illustrated in connection with the Figures described below can be used for supplying a fuel/air mixture to the reformer 214 .
  • the low-pressure atomizer which in FIG. 2 is generally designated with the reference numeral 10 comprises a two-fluid nozzle 11 inserted in the wall 12 of a reformer.
  • the two-fluid nozzle 11 includes a solid cylindrical base body 13 , which from the rear side is inserted flush into a cylindrical blind-hole bore 27 of the wall 12 .
  • the relatively thin-walled wall portion 12 A of the wall 12 which defines the blind-hole bore 27 , is interrupted by a cylindrical aperture 28 .
  • the base body 13 On the right-hand side in FIG. 2 , which corresponds to the exit of the two-fluid nozzle 11 into the reformer, the base body 13 has a recess 16 which defines the outer edge of a narrowing spiral channel 19 .
  • a cylindrical recess 15 in the shape of a blind hole is provided, which has a larger axial extension than the spiral channel 19 .
  • a solid cylindrical part 17 is tightly inserted with a close fit, which protrudes from said recess axially extending into the spiral channel 19 and defines the inner contour thereof.
  • the spiral channel 19 forms part of the swirl chamber of the two-fluid nozzle 11 .
  • An entrance channel 18 for a gaseous medium tangentially opens into the same. The entrance channel 18 continuously merges with the spiral channel 19 at the widest point thereof.
  • the spiral channel 19 ends on the inside after about 360 degrees at the level of the entrance channel 18 , separated from the same by a parting rib 20 .
  • the blind-hole bore 27 is closed almost completely by an end plate 21 and is merely interrupted by a central nozzle bore forming the nozzle outlet 23 .
  • the axial extension of the solid cylindrical part 17 is chosen such that between the front end face (the right-hand face in FIG. 2 ) of the cylindrical part 17 and the end plate 21 a gap space 22 is left, which due to the end face of the cylindrical part 17 has a circular shape and merges with the spiral channel 19 over its entire periphery.
  • the spiral channel 19 and the gap space 22 together form the swirl chamber of the two-fluid nozzle 11 .
  • the nozzle bore forming the nozzle outlet 23 is formed in alignment with the central longitudinal axis 14 in the end plate 21 .
  • the two-fluid nozzle 11 also comprises a supply conduit 24 for a liquid medium, in particular fuel, which is traversed by a bore 25 of the solid cylindrical part 17 extending coaxially with respect to the central longitudinal axis 14 and which is received flush in an extension of the bore 25 .
  • a supply conduit 24 for a liquid medium, in particular fuel which is traversed by a bore 25 of the solid cylindrical part 17 extending coaxially with respect to the central longitudinal axis 14 and which is received flush in an extension of the bore 25 .
  • the same is incorporated in the cylindrical part 17 proceeding from the rear side, and it extends along about half the axial length of the cylindrical part 17 . Adjoining this bore in the cylindrical part 17 a bore 26 of smaller diameter is provided, which opens into the gap space 22 .
  • the axial extension of the gap space 22 is comparatively small with regard to a rather low pressure loss.
  • the base body 13 of the two-fluid nozzle 11 can additionally have a bore (not shown) extending at an angle with respect to the central longitudinal axis.
  • a bore (not shown) extending at an angle with respect to the central longitudinal axis.
  • either the base body 13 can have a diameter larger than shown or the spiral channel 19 can be arranged with less space required.
  • Such bore (not shown) then can receive a glow plug (not shown), so that the position of the glow plug (not shown) with respect to the nozzle bore 23 then can be defined almost without any tolerance.
  • the operation of the low-pressure atomizer 10 is as follows. Via the entrance channel 18 , gaseous medium, in particular air, is fed into the spiral channel 19 of the swirl chamber, and this air flows through this spiral channel into the gap space 22 of the swirl chamber under uniform pressure conditions. Via the bore 26 , liquid medium, in particular fuel, is fed into the gap space 22 , and this fuel is discharged from the opposed nozzle outlet 23 by the pressurized gaseous medium and thereby torn into fine droplets.
  • typical dimensions of the two-fluid nozzle 11 are as follows: The distance of the entrance channel 18 from the central longitudinal axis 14 is about 8 mm, and the free cross-section is about 4 mm. The axial extension of the gap space 22 is about 0.65 mm. The diameter of the nozzle bore forming the nozzle outlet 23 is about 2 mm, and its length is 0.05 mm to 1 mm (maximum length about 0.5 mm to 1 mm). With a two-fluid nozzle 11 of such dimensions, the minimum pressure required for atomizing the liquid medium is 30 mbar.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
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  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
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  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
  • Control Of Electric Motors In General (AREA)
US10/504,893 2002-02-28 2002-02-28 Systems for reacting fuel and air to a reformate Abandoned US20050271993A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2002/002192 WO2003072234A1 (de) 2002-02-28 2002-02-28 Systeme zum umsetzen von brennstoff und luft zu reformat

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US (1) US20050271993A1 (de)
EP (1) EP1478453B1 (de)
JP (1) JP4418851B2 (de)
AT (1) ATE325652T1 (de)
AU (1) AU2002247746A1 (de)
CA (1) CA2475471C (de)
DE (1) DE50206769D1 (de)
DK (1) DK1478453T3 (de)
ES (1) ES2262791T3 (de)
WO (1) WO2003072234A1 (de)

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CA2475471C (en) 2008-08-05
EP1478453A1 (de) 2004-11-24
ES2262791T3 (es) 2006-12-01
DE50206769D1 (de) 2006-06-14
AU2002247746A1 (en) 2003-09-09
EP1478453B1 (de) 2006-05-10
JP2005519011A (ja) 2005-06-30
WO2003072234A1 (de) 2003-09-04
JP4418851B2 (ja) 2010-02-24
ATE325652T1 (de) 2006-06-15
CA2475471A1 (en) 2003-09-04
DK1478453T3 (da) 2006-10-09

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