US20050236586A1 - Radiation device - Google Patents

Radiation device Download PDF

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Publication number
US20050236586A1
US20050236586A1 US10/514,034 US51403405A US2005236586A1 US 20050236586 A1 US20050236586 A1 US 20050236586A1 US 51403405 A US51403405 A US 51403405A US 2005236586 A1 US2005236586 A1 US 2005236586A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
light
irradiation
emitting unit
appliance
irradiation appliance
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US10/514,034
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English (en)
Inventor
Martin Hartung
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
3M Deutschland GmbH
Original Assignee
3M Espe AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 3M Espe AG filed Critical 3M Espe AG
Assigned to 3M ESPE AG reassignment 3M ESPE AG ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: HARTUNG, MARTIN G.
Publication of US20050236586A1 publication Critical patent/US20050236586A1/en
Priority to US12/909,575 priority Critical patent/US8415647B2/en
Priority to US13/751,366 priority patent/US20130141934A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/42—Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements
    • G02B6/4201—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details
    • G02B6/4204—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details the coupling comprising intermediate optical elements, e.g. lenses, holograms
    • G02B6/4214—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details the coupling comprising intermediate optical elements, e.g. lenses, holograms the intermediate optical element having redirecting reflective means, e.g. mirrors, prisms for deflecting the radiation from horizontal to down- or upward direction toward a device
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C19/00—Dental auxiliary appliances
    • A61C19/003—Apparatus for curing resins by radiation
    • A61C19/004—Hand-held apparatus, e.g. guns
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0005—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being of the fibre type
    • G02B6/0006—Coupling light into the fibre
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/42—Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements
    • G02B6/4298—Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements coupling with non-coherent light sources and/or radiation detectors, e.g. lamps, incandescent bulbs, scintillation chambers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an irradiation appliance with high light power, comprising a single light-emitting unit and a light-conducting unit with a light-receiving area, such as a fiber-optical waveguide, as well as a reflector element, which is preferably used in the medical field.
  • JP 9-10238 A discloses a dental irradiation appliance, in which an array composed of light-emitting diodes is arranged on the cap surface of an optically conductive body which is in the form of a spherical sector and is composed of quartz or plastic, and whose tip merges into an optical waveguide rod.
  • the beams from the light-emitting diodes are focused by the optically conductive body by reflection on the conical wall, and are introduced into the optical waveguide rod.
  • WO-97/36552 A discloses a further dental irradiation appliance, in which a planar array composed of light-emitting diodes with parallel optical axes is opposite the curved inlet surface of an optically conductive body, which is once again conical. This condenser is coupled on the output side to an optical waveguide, and may be filled with an optically transparent liquid.
  • conical optically conducting bodies such as these and as described in the documents cited above, or else as described in WO 99/16136 ( FIG. 4 ), are complex to manufacture and increase the weight of the appliance, they also cause considerable radiation losses. This is because, whenever a light beam is reflected on the conical wall of the optically conductive body, the beam is deflected through twice the cone angle from the optical axis. Even after a small number of reflections, this leads to the angle for total internal reflection in the optical waveguide being exceeded, and in the beams emerging from the optical waveguide, or, if the optical waveguide is mirrored, even in the direction of the beams being rotated, and thus not being passed to the light outlet opening, but being passed back to the light inlet opening.
  • Arrangements such as these thus function only for that component of the light injected from the LEDs whose beams are tilted only in a very narrow angle range with respect to the optical axis.
  • the majority of the light emitted from the LEDs can thus not be used to illuminate the treatment area, since the light cones with which LEDs emit light normally have a considerably greater aperture angle.
  • WO-99/16136 A also discloses an appliance having a multiple-conical optically conductive body, in which two or more annular light inlet areas precede a circular light inlet area.
  • the light is guided by the multiple-conical optically conductive body from the first circular light inlet area into the central area between the first annular light inlet area.
  • the light from the LEDs which irradiate this light inlet opening arranged in an annular shape, it is now passed into the center of a further combination of an LED ring and an annular inlet area.
  • the light gathered in this way is now passed to an outlet opening through the optical waveguide, whose further profile is once again conical.
  • JP 08-141001 A ( FIG. 1 ) and WO-99/35995 A ( FIG. 4 ) propose optical convergent lenses for focusing the beams emitted from an LED array, and for focusing them onto the light inlet area of an optical waveguide.
  • the light power is increased firstly by using a conical optical waveguide, and secondly by applying a multiple of the nominal operating current to the diodes.
  • the conical optical waveguide results in the problems which have already been described further above.
  • the high operating currents have the disadvantage that the heat losses in the LEDs increase more than proportionally and are large, so that the appliance becomes warm after a short time, and cannot be used for a lengthy time, until it has cooled down. Furthermore, the life of LEDs is greatly decreased by the high operating currents. This is evident from a continuous decrease in the light power over the course of time.
  • a further irradiation appliance having two or more LEDs is disclosed in WO-01/19280 A.
  • the LEDS are arranged in a specific manner on a number of levels in order to allow the light that is produced to be injected as advantageously as possible into an optical waveguide.
  • WO 02/11640 A2 discloses a focusing lens in addition to a reflector, in order to focus the beams from the LED array in order that they can be injected into an optical waveguide.
  • Irradiation appliances which are equipped with only one LED have been proposed, for example, in the documents U.S. Pat. No. 6,318,996 B1 and WO 01/64129 A1.
  • WO 01/64129 proposes that such high currents be applied to the LED that the life is shorter than 10 hours since, otherwise, it is not possible to achieve sufficient radiation power.
  • This acceptance angle is typically ⁇ 30°.
  • the possible LEDs emit light, however, in a cone whose aperture angle is in some circumstances greater than this maximum injection angle. Only some of the power can therefore be used when the LED is arranged directly in front of the optical waveguide.
  • lenses are suitable only to a restricted extent for increasing the injection efficiency.
  • such lenses can be used to deflect and inject some of the beams whose angles are greater than the acceptance angle, at the same time, however, the efficiency of the injection process for the beams which could intrinsically be injected directly falls, for example, as a result of reflection losses, since these beams also have to pass through the lens.
  • Direct injection of the beams which are emitted within the acceptance angle of, for example, the LED, that is to say without having previously been focused by refractive or reflective optical elements, would be particularly advantageous since there would then be no need to accept any losses whatsoever as a result of radiation refraction or focusing.
  • optical elements are required in order to make it possible to use the beams emitted outside the acceptance angle, as well.
  • all known embodiments of high-power light appliances use complex arrangements of a greater or lesser number of light-emitting elements in order to achieve intensities which are as high as possible.
  • the greater the number of individual elements in this case the more complex and at the same time the more lossy the required optical elements or arrangements which are necessary in order to gather and focus the light from the individual elements.
  • either the radiation power is low or other serious disadvantages must be accepted, such as lack of hygiene or short life.
  • one object of the present invention is to provide an irradiation appliance having as few light-emitting units as possible, which is simple to manufacture but has a light power which is comparable to or better than that of appliances with LED arrays.
  • a further object is to provide an irradiation appliance by means of which light-hardening dental filling materials can be hardened more quickly and reliably.
  • the reduction in the space that is required for the light-emitting unit and the rechargeable battery that is required is intended to reduce the size of the appliance, not least making it possible to reduce the production costs.
  • the light-emitting unit should have a long life. Simple cleaning of the appliance is also desirable, as can be achieved with normal optical waveguides.
  • the reflector element extends over the entire distance from the emission surface of the light-emitting element to the inlet surface of the light-receiving element.
  • the expression “the entire distance” does not, however, mean that there must be no variation whatsoever between the reflector element and the light-receiving element, as may be caused, for example, by design and manufacturing factors. However, in any case, the variation should be minimized.
  • a small gap is also possible between the outlet surface of the reflector element and the inlet area of the light-receiving unit, into which a thin glass panel is introduced. This is used to protect the sensitive reflector surface against dirt.
  • the glass panel ideally has optical blooming on both sides in order to avoid radiation losses resulting from reflections.
  • a suitable reflector element has, for example, a conical shape and is hollow internally, that is to say it is not filled with a refractive medium in the optical sense.
  • the reflector element is preferably in the form of a truncated conical surface which faces at least the light-emitting element and is mirrored on the inside.
  • the smaller cross-sectional area of the cone in this case faces the light-emitting unit.
  • the light-emitting unit is arranged at a distance in front of the light-receiving element such that the proportion of the light beams which can be injected directly (that is to say light beams at angles less than or equal to the acceptance angle) completely illuminates the inlet area.
  • this represents the optimum arrangement for this proportion of the light cone, since, in this case, no losses occur as a result of refraction, diffraction or boundary surface transitions at any optical elements whatsoever.
  • this generally means that the distance to the light-emitting unit is somewhat greater than or equal to half the diameter of the inlet opening of the light-receiving unit.
  • the truncated conical surface which is defined by this arrangement between the light-emitting unit and the light-receiving element is thus, according to the invention, bounded by a reflector element.
  • This reflector element opens from the diameter of the light-emitting unit to that of the light-receiving unit, so that the angle of the cone is defined by the distance from the light-emitting unit to the light-receiving unit.
  • All beams which have an emission angle that is greater than the acceptance angle strike the reflector element, where they are reflected, with the angle with respect to the optical axis now being reduced by twice the reflector element angle.
  • the reflector element preferably has the following features for this purpose:
  • the inlet opening of the reflector element is sufficiently large that all of the beams which are emitted from the light-emitting unit can be received, that is to say it is generally of the same size as the LED lens that is used.
  • the outlet opening of the reflector element has approximately the same diameter as the inlet opening of the light-receiving element.
  • the inclination angle can also decrease from higher values at the start (close to the light-emitting unit) to smaller values, since the beams which are reflected at the start have a higher tilt angle than those close to the optical waveguide.
  • the maximum beam angle is predetermined by the emission characteristic of the light-emitting unit and characterizes the beams which are still intended to be used for irradiation of the treatment point. Beams with an even greater angle are either not emitted or are emitted only with a negligible intensity from the light-emitting element, so that their use would not contribute to significantly increasing the intensity.
  • commercially available high-power diodes emit 30% of the total intensity within the acceptance angle of normal optical waveguides of ⁇ 30°, a further 60% in an angle range between 30° and 50°, and the remaining 10% at emission angles between 50° and 90°. Since their use would produce a small amount comparable to the 30° to 50° range, the maximum beam angle is sensibly set at 50° in this example.
  • the maximum beam angle may thus, for example, be about. 65°, preferably about 55°, and particularly preferably about 50°.
  • the light-emitting units which are used preferably have a life of many hundred hours, and preferably more than 1000 hours, emit in a range from 400 to 500 nm, have an emission maximum between 440 and 480 nm and have a light power of at least 100 mW, preferably at least 200 mW.
  • the irradiation appliance is distinguished, inter alia, by the following features:
  • It preferably has only one reflector element and has no further combining optics, which operate in a reflective or refractive manner, in the area between the light-emitting unit and the inlet opening of the light-receiving unit.
  • It preferably has no active cooling elements operated by means of electrical power.
  • It can preferably be operated independently of the mains system.
  • a polished metal body composed, for example, of aluminum, titanium or stainless steel may be used as the reflector element material, as well as metal sheets with good reflection characteristics, mirroring layers or else, for example, metal-free interference mirror sheets such as those known from WO 00/07044 and available, for example, from 3M.
  • a light-emitting unit is any compact form of radiation source which produces light, preferably at a wavelength in the range from 400 to 500 nm.
  • This emission is preferably directional and can be achieved by means of optical elements which are integrated in the light-emitting unit, such as those normally used for high-power light-emitting diodes.
  • the internal configuration of the unit is in this case irrelevant, irrespective of whether it comprises a single light-emitting element, or a combination of two or more light-emitting elements.
  • the term light-emitting unit includes light-emitting diodes (LEDs).
  • LEDs light-emitting diodes
  • laser diodes such as those described in EP 0 755 662 A.
  • a light-receiving unit for the purposes of the invention is any apparatus which has the capability to receive and to re-emit directionally light which is produced by the light-emitting unit or the light-emitting elements.
  • optical waveguide rods which comprise a large number of bundled glass fibers. These optical waveguide rods can be reversibly connected to the light-emitting unit, or to the housing which contains it, via a coupling or a thread.
  • this also includes conventional filter disks, scattered-light disks or optical:waveguide converters, such as those described in DE 100 06 286 C1.
  • the light-emitting unit and/or the reflector element is/are covered with a transparent disk, in order to protect the light-emitting unit and/or the reflector element against moisture and dirt when the optical waveguides are removed.
  • the light-emitting unit is preferably mounted on a normally flat panel.
  • the problem of dissipating the heat which is produced by the light-emitting element during operation of the irradiation appliance can be solved by the use of thermally highly conductive board material and/or direct thermally conductive attachment of the element to a heat sink.
  • the heat is in this case passed to the appliance housing by thermal conduction, from where it is radiated away to the environment.
  • active cooling elements such as fans or Peltier elements, which consume additional power and, in the case of a fan, produce a high noise level.
  • a further improvement in hygiene is achieved, since no ventilation slots need be provided, since these are difficult to keep clean.
  • an additional element with a high thermal capacity can be thermally connected to the light-emitting unit. This stores the amount of heat produced during operation, and emits it continuously to the environment via the thermally highly conductive housing during pauses in treatment.
  • the irradiation appliance normally also has an electronic control unit for controlling the voltage and current level for the light-emitting element, a storage unit for electrical energy, such as batteries or rechargeable batteries, preferably lithium-ion, NiMH or Ni/Cd rechargeable batteries, a display unit and a housing.
  • an electronic control unit for controlling the voltage and current level for the light-emitting element
  • a storage unit for electrical energy such as batteries or rechargeable batteries, preferably lithium-ion, NiMH or Ni/Cd rechargeable batteries
  • a display unit preferably lithium-ion, NiMH or Ni/Cd rechargeable batteries
  • the housing is preferably designed such that it essentially has a surface without any gaps, in which the display unit is integrated.
  • the illumination appliance according to the invention is used in particular in the medical field, preferably in the dental field, and may on the one hand be used to illuminate the treatment point or to irradiate substances which can be cured by light, in particular dental filling materials, such as composites, compomers or glass ionomer cements.
  • the outlet end of the optical waveguide rod is pointed at the treatment point, for example at a tooth filling to be hardened, and the switch-on push-button is pressed, thus activating the LED and at the same time switching on the display unit.
  • the control circuit switches off the power supply to the light-emitting diode and to the display unit.
  • FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section through an irradiation appliance.
  • FIG. 2 shows a longitudinal section through an irradiation appliance in the area of the transition from the light-emitting element to the light-receiving element, without a reflector element.
  • FIG. 3 shows a longitudinal section corresponding to that shown in FIG. 1 , with a reflector element in the form of a cone.
  • the handheld appliance shown in FIG. 1 for irradiation of dental plastics contains a light-emitting unit ( 11 ), with a light-emitting element in the form of an LED chip ( 12 ), in the front area of an essentially cylindrical housing ( 10 ).
  • the light-emitting element ( 12 ) is fed from a battery ( 13 ), which is arranged in the rear part of the housing ( 10 ), via a driver stage ( 14 ) which is time-controlled by a control circuit ( 15 ).
  • the control circuit ( 15 ) is connected to a switch-on pushbutton ( 16 ), which is arranged on the side of the housing ( 10 ), and to a display diode ( 17 ), which is likewise arranged on the side of the housing ( 10 ).
  • the light-emitting element ( 12 ) is located on a flat holding plate ( 19 ).
  • FIG. 2 shows which of the beams which are emitted from the light-emitting element ( 12 ) can be injected, for example, into an optical waveguide ( 18 ), and which cannot.
  • the beams which are symbolized by a solid line can be injected into the optical waveguide while, in contrast, the beams illustrated by dashed lines cannot be injected into it, since their angle with respect to the optical axis is greater than the acceptance angle of the optical waveguide.
  • FIG. 3 corresponds essentially to FIG. 2 , with the difference that a reflector element ( 22 ) in the form of a mirrored truncated conical surface extends from the surface of the light-emitting unit ( 12 ) to the inlet surface of the optical waveguide ( 18 ).
  • a reflector element 22 in the form of a mirrored truncated conical surface extends from the surface of the light-emitting unit ( 12 ) to the inlet surface of the optical waveguide ( 18 ).

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
  • Led Device Packages (AREA)
  • Optical Couplings Of Light Guides (AREA)
  • Dental Tools And Instruments Or Auxiliary Dental Instruments (AREA)
US10/514,034 2002-05-21 2003-05-21 Radiation device Abandoned US20050236586A1 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US12/909,575 US8415647B2 (en) 2002-05-21 2010-10-21 Irradiation appliance
US13/751,366 US20130141934A1 (en) 2002-05-21 2013-01-28 Irradiation appliance

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10222828.0 2002-05-21
DE10222828A DE10222828B4 (de) 2002-05-21 2002-05-21 Bestrahlungsgerät
PCT/EP2003/005316 WO2003096925A1 (de) 2002-05-21 2003-05-21 Bestrahlungsgerät

Related Child Applications (1)

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US12/909,575 Continuation US8415647B2 (en) 2002-05-21 2010-10-21 Irradiation appliance

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US20050236586A1 true US20050236586A1 (en) 2005-10-27

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Family Applications (3)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US10/514,034 Abandoned US20050236586A1 (en) 2002-05-21 2003-05-21 Radiation device
US12/909,575 Expired - Lifetime US8415647B2 (en) 2002-05-21 2010-10-21 Irradiation appliance
US13/751,366 Abandoned US20130141934A1 (en) 2002-05-21 2013-01-28 Irradiation appliance

Family Applications After (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US12/909,575 Expired - Lifetime US8415647B2 (en) 2002-05-21 2010-10-21 Irradiation appliance
US13/751,366 Abandoned US20130141934A1 (en) 2002-05-21 2013-01-28 Irradiation appliance

Country Status (6)

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US (3) US20050236586A1 (xx)
EP (1) EP1505924B1 (xx)
JP (1) JP4393991B2 (xx)
AU (1) AU2003237646A1 (xx)
DE (2) DE10222828B4 (xx)
WO (1) WO2003096925A1 (xx)

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EP2196167A1 (en) 2008-12-10 2010-06-16 3M Innovative Properties Company Dental light device
US20110033816A1 (en) * 2002-05-21 2011-02-10 3M Innovative Properties Company Irradiation appliance
US7989839B2 (en) 2002-08-23 2011-08-02 Koninklijke Philips Electronics, N.V. Method and apparatus for using light emitting diodes
US8096691B2 (en) 1997-09-25 2012-01-17 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N V Optical irradiation device
US20130188388A1 (en) * 2012-01-20 2013-07-25 Lumencor, Inc. Solid state continuous white light source
WO2015034977A1 (en) 2013-09-09 2015-03-12 3M Innovative Properties Company Dental composition containing polyoxometalates, process of production and use thereof
WO2015126862A1 (en) 2014-02-18 2015-08-27 3M Innovative Properties Company Dental composition and use thereof
WO2015126865A1 (en) 2014-02-18 2015-08-27 3M Innovative Properties Company Adhesive bonding composition and use thereof
WO2015126666A1 (en) 2014-02-18 2015-08-27 3M Innovative Properties Company Dental composition and use thereof
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US9726435B2 (en) 2002-07-25 2017-08-08 Jonathan S. Dahm Method and apparatus for using light emitting diodes for curing
USD810293S1 (en) 2017-01-20 2018-02-13 Garrison Dental Solutions, Llc Dental instrument
US10159548B2 (en) 2014-09-17 2018-12-25 Garrison Dental Solutions, L.L.C. Dental curing light
WO2019092581A1 (en) 2017-11-08 2019-05-16 3M Innovative Properties Company Dental composition with high e-modulus
US10874594B2 (en) 2015-12-08 2020-12-29 3M Innovative Properties Company Two-component self-adhesive dental composition, storage stable initiator system, and use thereof
US10932994B2 (en) 2014-07-10 2021-03-02 3M Innovative Properties Company Two-component self-adhesive dental composition, process of production and use thereof
WO2021165795A1 (en) 2020-02-19 2021-08-26 3M Innovative Properties Company Ascorbic acid component for use in a method of treating the surface of a prepared tooth
US11167310B2 (en) * 2015-05-13 2021-11-09 The Boeing Company Sealing assembly for forming sealant coating on a fastener, the sealing assembly comprising a light generator and a forming cup associated with the light generator

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JP2006511056A (ja) * 2002-12-20 2006-03-30 コーニンクレッカ　フィリップス　エレクトロニクス　エヌ　ヴィ ロッドを照明する装置及び方法
JP5238123B2 (ja) * 2005-03-18 2013-07-17 京セラ株式会社 ファイバ用の光源及びファイバ光源装置とそれを用いた内視鏡
US7607814B2 (en) 2006-05-24 2009-10-27 3M Innovative Properties Company Backlight with symmetric wedge shaped light guide input portion with specular reflective surfaces
US7317182B2 (en) 2006-05-24 2008-01-08 3M Innovative Properties Company Backlight wedge with encapsulated light source
US7660509B2 (en) 2006-05-24 2010-02-09 3M Innovative Properties Company Backlight asymmetric light input wedge
US7740387B2 (en) 2006-05-24 2010-06-22 3M Innovative Properties Company Backlight wedge with side mounted light source
DE102007047067A1 (de) * 2007-10-01 2009-04-02 Ferton Holding S.A. Vorrichtung zum Erkennen von bakteriellem Befall an Zähnen
US11726332B2 (en) 2009-04-27 2023-08-15 Digilens Inc. Diffractive projection apparatus
US10795160B1 (en) 2014-09-25 2020-10-06 Rockwell Collins, Inc. Systems for and methods of using fold gratings for dual axis expansion
US11300795B1 (en) 2009-09-30 2022-04-12 Digilens Inc. Systems for and methods of using fold gratings coordinated with output couplers for dual axis expansion
US11204540B2 (en) 2009-10-09 2021-12-21 Digilens Inc. Diffractive waveguide providing a retinal image
KR200469156Y1 (ko) * 2012-02-17 2013-09-26 (주)동일기연 도광체를 구비한 의료용 핸드피스
DE102013003419A1 (de) 2013-02-28 2014-08-28 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Leuchtvorrichtung mit einem ein helles Material aufweisenden Lichtleitelement
US9265850B2 (en) * 2013-03-13 2016-02-23 Greenzapr, Inc. Ultraviolet sanitizer with wand

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JP2005530533A (ja) 2005-10-13
DE50308694D1 (de) 2008-01-10
EP1505924B1 (de) 2007-11-28
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US8415647B2 (en) 2013-04-09
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DE10222828B4 (de) 2008-05-15
EP1505924A1 (de) 2005-02-16

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