US20050025574A1 - Subsea oil collector - Google Patents

Subsea oil collector Download PDF

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Publication number
US20050025574A1
US20050025574A1 US10/744,937 US74493703A US2005025574A1 US 20050025574 A1 US20050025574 A1 US 20050025574A1 US 74493703 A US74493703 A US 74493703A US 2005025574 A1 US2005025574 A1 US 2005025574A1
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container
fluid
vessel
subsea
collector
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Abandoned
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US10/744,937
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Richard Lazes
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63C—LAUNCHING, HAULING-OUT, OR DRY-DOCKING OF VESSELS; LIFE-SAVING IN WATER; EQUIPMENT FOR DWELLING OR WORKING UNDER WATER; MEANS FOR SALVAGING OR SEARCHING FOR UNDERWATER OBJECTS
    • B63C7/00—Salvaging of disabled, stranded, or sunken vessels; Salvaging of vessel parts or furnishings, e.g. of safes; Salvaging of other underwater objects
    • B63C7/006—Emptying the contents of sunken, stranded, or disabled vessels, e.g. by engaging the vessel; Underwater collecting of buoyant contents, such as liquid, particulate or gaseous contents, escaping from sunken vessels, e.g. using funnels, or tents for recovery of escaping hydrocarbons

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to devices and methods used to contain leaks of oil and other liquids having a specific gravity less than that of water from vessels or other fluid-containing structures below the surface of the ocean or any other body of water.
  • oil tankers, barges, and other oil-containing vessels occasionally sustain damage and release the contents of their cargo into the surrounding water.
  • the cargo is typically oil, although other combustible fuels having a specific gravity less than water, such as gasoline, diesel, and kerosene, are often transported in this manner. Because the most common cargo is oil, however, that term will be used exclusively herein with the understanding that it is representative of all fluids having specific gravities less than 1.0.
  • Such leaks sometimes occur when the vessel is still afloat, and in other cases, the vessel sinks to the bottom of the ocean and remains their permanently. In those instances when a vessel sinks, the oil may still be contained within the vessel, but may slowly leak out through the damaged hull or other opening.
  • oil slick By virtue of its lower density, the oil will rise to the surface of the water. This accumulation of oil, sometimes referred to as an “oil slick”, is particularly difficult to collect, prompting tremendous efforts over the last several decades to devise equipment and methods to remove the oil from the surface.
  • one object of the present invention is to provide a subsea oil collector which collects oil from below the surface of the water.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide a subsea oil collector which can be retrieved onto surface vessels or emptied in accordance with acceptable methods.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a subsea oil collector which can be guided into place by a remotely operated vehicle (ROV).
  • ROV remotely operated vehicle
  • a subsea fluid collector comprising a container having a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet; a vessel positioning device operatively connected to the container; a closure mechanism to close the fluid inlet; and a closure mechanism to close the fluid outlet; wherein the container is positioned by the vessel positioning device to receive, through the fluid inlet, a leaking fluid (such as crude oil, gasoline, diesel, or the like) exiting from a fluid leak source on the vessel, and wherein water, if any, residing within the container is displaced as leaking fluid enters the container.
  • the vessel positioning device includes means for attaching to and detaching from the vessel, and is optionally controlled remotely.
  • both the inlet aclosure mechanism and outlet closure mechanism are controlled remotely, or by the volume of fluid collected within the container.
  • the container has negative buoyancy prior to being filled with the leaked fluid.
  • the collector further includes a buoy residing at or near the surface of the water; and a guide cable having a first end operatively attached to the buoy, and a second end operatively attached at or near the fluid leak source; and wherein the container is slidably attached to the guide cable for ascent and descent.
  • a speed control means for controlling the speed at which the container slides along the cable is also present.
  • the collector further inclues a fluid conduit operatively connected between the fluid outlet on the container and the buoy, wherein the conduit permits transfer of fluid from the container to the buoy.
  • the collector further includes a ballast chain and handling wire wherein the container is attached to ballast chain which is in turn attached to a lighter, high tensile, handling wire.
  • the chain provides negative buoyancy to assist the container on its descent. Once the container reaches the ocean bottom, and the ballast chain lays on the ocean bottom, the container can be more easily maneuvered by an ROV with the assistance of the handling wire.
  • the handling wire can be retrieved onto a reel type mechanism to assist the collector with a controlled ascent after it has been filled with fluids.
  • a method for collecting fluids below the sea comprising the steps of providing a fluid collection container having a positioning mechanism, a fluid inlet, and a fluid outlet; mounting the container using the positioning device to a submerged vessel having a fluid leak source and positioning the fluid inlet above the leak source; permitting the leaking fluid to enter the container until the container is filled with fluid; closing the fluid inlet; and moving the container to the sea surface where it can be retrieved onto a surface vessel or the fluids can be transferred to a surface vessel.
  • FIG. 1 is an elevation view of a preferred embodiment of the present invention, depicting the subsea oil collector in an operating configuration.
  • FIG. 2 is another view of the embodiment of FIG. 1 offloading the contents of the collector to a barge.
  • FIG. 3 is an elevation view of an alternative embodiment of the present invention depicting the subsea oil collector in an operating configuration, while offloading fluids into a barge at the ocean surface, and attached to a guide cable extending between a submerged vessel and a surface ship.
  • FIG. 4 is an elevation view of a third embodiment of the present invention depicting the subsea oil collector as including a ballast chain and handling wire device.
  • FIG. 5 is yet another embodiment employing features common to those in FIGS. 1-4 .
  • FIG. 6 is another view of the embodiment of FIG. 3 depicting the subsea oil collector in an operating configuration near the ocean bottom, while collecting fluids from the leaking source.
  • FIG. 7 is an elevation view of an alternative embodiment depicting the subsea oil collector attached to a guide cable extending between a submerged vessel and a buoy.
  • FIG. 8 is an elevation view of a basic alternative embodiment depicting the subsea oil colletor in an operating configuration without the attachment of any cables or wires.
  • a large release hole 11 is cut into one of the tanks on the submerged tanker or other vessel 10 using an ROV (in deep water) or by divers (at depths enabling diver operations).
  • ROV in deep water
  • a closure mechanism is immediately installed on the vessel 10 , such as a magnetic cap, valve, or other suitable device capable of substantially sealing the release hole 11 , to prevent the premature release of fluids 12 through hole 11 .
  • the collector 1 is shown in an operating configuration below the surface of the sea 6 , and includes a container 2 , which can be either a rigid structure or of flexible material, having a fluid inlet 3 and a fluid outlet 4 .
  • the holding volume of the container 2 may be approximately 100,000 gallons, although this size may vary depending on the circumstances.
  • the container 2 includes a positioning device 5 , which can simply be one or more link chains, cables or a mechanical latching device, which operates to position the container 2 above a vessel 10 which has a leak source 11 .
  • Fluid 12 leaking from the leak source 11 is typically oil, gasoline or some other hydrocarbon-based fluid which has a positive buoyancy, e.g. a specific gravity less than that of the surrounding water. In the absence of the present invention, such fluid 12 would simply float to the surface 6 and form a “slick,” which is exceedingly difficult and expensive to contain and remove.
  • the collector 1 has a “negative” buoyancy upon entering the water, such that its weight and density will enable it to sink toward the vessel 10 relatively unassisted.
  • the container 2 is suspended from a tethered cable 40 which is attached to the top of container 2 and originating from some other structure, typically a ship, barge, or other first surface vessel 41 , located on the sea surface 6 .
  • the cable 40 is attached to a cable storage reel 42 on the first surface vessel 41 , such that unwinding of the reel 42 permits the container 2 to sink toward the submerged vessel 10 , and winding of the reel 42 raises the container 2 for further handling.
  • inlet 3 may include a closure device or valve 7 which seals the container 2 at that location when closed, and which permits fluid 12 to enter container 2 when open.
  • inlet 3 may range from 24 inches to 36 inches in diameter to accommodate the flow of fluids 12 released from hole 11 , although the specific size may vary depending upon the precise needs of the situation.
  • outlet 4 also includes a closure device or valve 8 which remains closed as the container 2 is filled with fluid 12 , but which can be opened to release the contents of the container 2 when it is retrieved. Both of closure devices 7 , 8 may be opened and closed manually by divers or by an ROV, depending upon the depth of the water.
  • closure devices 7 , 8 can be opened or closed responsive to operating conditions or a fill condition of the container 2 .
  • inlet closure device 7 may be caused to close by a motor or other common solenoid device upon an electronic signal generated from buoyancy sensors indicating that the container 2 is becoming completely filled with fluid 12 .
  • the positioning device 5 is preferably attached to the vessel 10 . This task would be performed either by divers at the site or by an ROV depending on the depth.
  • the outlet closure device 8 is closed to seal outlet 4 , and fluid 12 rises into the inlet 3 and displaces any water, if any, residing within the container 2 .
  • As the volume of fluid 12 increases within the container 2 water is continuously expelled through the inlet 3 until the container 2 is completely filled with fluid 12 . Since the density of the oil is less than the density of the water, the oil will float to the top of container 2 while displacing the water to the bottom of container 2 and then out through inlet 3 .
  • the inlet 3 is closed.
  • the positioning device 5 is detached from the vessel 10 in preparation for retrieval of the fluid-filled container 2 .
  • the materials of construction of the container 2 and the positioning device 5 are such that the filled container 2 will ascend without assistance due to its increased buoyancy.
  • additional flotation devices such as buoyant materials commonly used for deep water marine applications, may also be installed onto the container 2 .
  • the positioning device 5 may also comprise mechanical devices or additional ropes or cables with anchors to ensure that the collector 1 is securely in place over the release hole 11 .
  • the positioning device 5 may be detached in response to some other condition, such as by the closing of inlet closure device 7 or by reaching a predetermined volume of fluid 12 within container 2 . In either case, it is essential that the anchoring or attachment of the positioning device 5 be sufficiently secure to prevent the premature ascendence of the container 2 due to the increased buoyancy during collection of the fluid 12 .
  • the container 2 may be constructed from a tightly woven scrim that is permeable by water but not by the leaking fluid, e.g. crude oil. In this configuration, water can simply be passed through the sides of the container 2 as fluid 12 fills the container 2 .
  • the top of the container 2 may be formed in the shape of an inverted cone, because the buoyancy forces applied to the top of the container 2 when filled will impart significant stresses to the fabricated container 2 . Constructing the top of the container 2 in this manner should serve to minimize such stress and avoid possible tearing.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a preferred manner in which the contents of the collector 1 are offloaded.
  • a magnetic cover or other closure for the release hole 11 is reapplied as explained earlier. Since the container 2 is filled with oil, it should then naturally rise due to its positive buoyancy.
  • the barge 43 includes an underside inlet 44 which is sized and shaped to interface with the outlet 4 of container 2 .
  • outlet closure device 8 is opened to allow the buoyant fluid 12 to enter the barge 43 .
  • the buoyancy of the fluid 12 will be sufficient to convey the contents of container 2 directly into barge 43 , although assisted emptying of container 2 may be accomplished by pumps or vacuum methods known to those of ordinary skill in this field.
  • the outlet 4 is closed, and the positioning devices 45 are released, causing the empty collector 1 , due to its negative buoyancy, to sink back down toward the vessel 10 for another collection cycle.
  • the first surface vessel 41 it is also possible for the first surface vessel 41 to serve as the offloading location if it includes suitable storage compartments similar to those of barge 43 .
  • FIGS. 3 and 6 an alternative embodiment of the invention is shown, and further includes a barge 43 or other containment vessel residing at or near the surface 6 of the water and a guide cable 21 .
  • the guide cable 21 includes a first end 22 operatively attached to the barge 43 , and a second end 23 operatively attached in close proximity to the fluid leak source, such as to a mechanical fastener which has been installed in or near the release hole 11 .
  • the second end 23 can be attached to anchors adjacent to the release hole 11 .
  • the second end 23 of the guide cable 21 is attached either by divers or by an ROV depending upon the depth.
  • the guide cable 21 serves as a guide for the container 2 , and is passed through a guide tube 24 extending within the center of the container 2 , thus making the container 2 slidably attached to the guide cable 21 .
  • the guide tube 24 may be attached to the outside of the container 2 with substantially the same effect.
  • two or more such guide cables 21 may be employed to maintain the orientation of the container 2 .
  • the collector 1 may include speed control means for controlling the speed at which the container 2 slides along the guide cable 21 during descent to the vessel 10 .
  • one such speed control means may comprise a friction-type lock which slows the rate of descent, but which also locks against the guide cable 21 once the container 2 reaches the vessel 10 .
  • the speed control device contributes to the secure placement of the container 2 and prevents its premature ascendance.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a third embodiment of the present invention, depicting a variation on the first embodiment described above.
  • the prior embodiments may be employed at a variety of depths, this embodiment is particularly suited to extreme depths, i.e. greater than about 5,000 feet.
  • the tethered cable 51 originates from a reel 42 similar to that described earlier, and it is attached at its opposite end 53 to the terminal end 54 of a ballast chain 55 or other suitably heavy and flexible device which can be used as will be explained below.
  • the cable 51 is constructed from a light, high tensile strength material whose weight at extreme depths will not significantly hinder the maneauverability of the container 2 , and which can be easily spooled and unspooled for frequent collection cycles over extended periods of time.
  • the ballast chain 55 is attached to the top of the container 2 , the ballast chain 55 is at least as long as the height and width of the container 2 , such that a portion of the ballast chain 55 may come to rest upon the surrounding surfaces.
  • the ballast chain 55 continues to sink and rest upon the surrounding surfaces or the ocean bottom. This effectively temporarily anchors the container 2 at the vessel 10 , but still permits the ROV to move the container 2 from side to side with much less power required than without the presence of the ballast chain 55 .
  • FIG. 5 is another embodiment which depicts an elongated container 2 slidably attached to a guide cable 21 , but which also includes a ballast chain 55 connected to a handling wire or cable 51 as described earlier.
  • the guide cable 21 would be attached between the vessel 10 and the offloading barge 43 , which the handling wire 51 originates from a reel 42 either on the same barge 43 or on another support vessel 41 .
  • the ballast chain 55 is attached roughly midway along the container 2 , such that the only length requirement of the ballast chain 55 is that there be at least some portion of its length that will rest upon the surrounding surfaces when the container 2 is secured to the leaking vessel 10 .
  • FIG. 7 illustrates another embodiment of the invention in which the container 2 , as described previously herein with respect to FIGS. 3 and 6 , is slidably attached to a cable having a first end 22 attached to a buoy floating at or near the surface of the water.
  • the buoy may comprise a floating fluid vessel, and an additional conduit fluidically connected between the top of container 2 and the buoy or floating fluid vessel. In this manner, fluids collected within container 2 may rise through the conduit and into the floating fluid vessel, which can then be removed or emptied as described earlier herein.
  • FIG. 8 depicts the simplest embodiment in which the container 2 is maneuvered to its submerged position and retrieved for removal or emptying entirely by ROV or divers.
  • an offloading pump on board surface vessels 43 may be used to connect to the outlet 4 to pump out fluids 12 within the container 2 .
  • the fluids 12 may be pumped into towable bladders or into other barges on site. If necessary, a steam collar may be affixed to the outlet 4 to heat and facilitate offloading of highly viscous fluids 12 .
  • the filled container 2 may be towed to land for offloading or transported on a vessel to port for offloading at another site.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Electric Cable Installation (AREA)
  • Removal Of Floating Material (AREA)
  • Pipeline Systems (AREA)
  • Loading And Unloading Of Fuel Tanks Or Ships (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)
  • Cleaning Or Clearing Of The Surface Of Open Water (AREA)
US10/744,937 2002-12-23 2003-12-23 Subsea oil collector Abandoned US20050025574A1 (en)

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US10/744,937 US20050025574A1 (en) 2002-12-23 2003-12-23 Subsea oil collector

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US43611902P 2002-12-23 2002-12-23
US44402803P 2003-01-31 2003-01-31
US10/744,937 US20050025574A1 (en) 2002-12-23 2003-12-23 Subsea oil collector

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US (1) US20050025574A1 (de)
EP (1) EP1513723B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE505396T1 (de)
AU (1) AU2003300390A1 (de)
DE (1) DE60336719D1 (de)
ES (3) ES1067913Y (de)
WO (1) WO2004040957A2 (de)

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US20080135494A1 (en) * 2006-12-06 2008-06-12 David Usher Method and apparatus for subsurface oil recovery using a submersible unit
US20090314725A1 (en) * 2006-07-19 2009-12-24 Windsor Innovations, Ltd. Apparatus and method for collecting a target fluid submerged in a higher density carrier fluid
US20100038324A1 (en) * 2008-08-12 2010-02-18 Couch W Jack System And Method For Underwater Oil And Gas Separator
WO2011137535A1 (en) * 2010-05-04 2011-11-10 Oxus Recovery Solutions Inc. Submerged hydrocarbon recovery apparatus
US20110293377A1 (en) * 2010-05-31 2011-12-01 Goulet Mary E Collapsible High-Volume Oil Containment Device, and Deepwater Oil Containment Methods
US20110293376A1 (en) * 2010-05-31 2011-12-01 Goulet Mary E Tenting-Over a Deepwater Oil Discharge, Tents for Deepwater Oil Containment and Off-the-Shelf Quick-Response Kits
US20110293375A1 (en) * 2010-05-31 2011-12-01 Mary Elizabeth Goulet Deepwater Oil Containment Methods and Structures, Underwater Oil Containment Bubbles, Domes, Tents, Bags and Other Flexible Structures
WO2012103623A1 (en) * 2011-02-04 2012-08-09 Jones Robert H Subsea crude oil and/or gas containment and recovery system and method
WO2012135383A1 (en) * 2011-03-29 2012-10-04 Lacy Franklin R System for protecting against undersea oil spills
US20120267320A1 (en) * 2011-04-21 2012-10-25 Baccigalopi Michael J Subsea contaminate remediation apparatus and methods
US20120305493A1 (en) * 2011-06-06 2012-12-06 Zung Thomas T K Oil containment recovery dome
US20120328373A1 (en) * 2011-04-26 2012-12-27 Bp Corporation North America Inc. Subsea Hydrocarbon Containment Apparatus
US20130058722A1 (en) * 2010-05-10 2013-03-07 Thomas J. Kryzak Aquatic Recovery and Repair System
US20130115002A1 (en) * 2010-07-07 2013-05-09 Alan Dennis Kirkby Underwater oil and gas collection system
US20130146546A1 (en) * 2010-05-31 2013-06-13 Mary Elizabeth Goulet Emergency Filtering and Oil Containment, Especially in Deepwater
US20130183098A1 (en) * 2010-09-29 2013-07-18 Afif Samih HALAL Fluid level control system and method of using same
US8678707B1 (en) * 2010-06-09 2014-03-25 John Powell Well-head blowout containment system
US8708600B2 (en) 2010-09-20 2014-04-29 Wild Well Control, Inc. Subsea injection of oil dispersant
US8931562B2 (en) 2010-09-20 2015-01-13 Wild Well Control, Inc. Collector for capturing flow discharged from a subsea blowout
US20150016890A1 (en) * 2013-07-12 2015-01-15 Thomas T.K. Zung Split emergency containment dome
US20150166150A1 (en) * 2012-06-27 2015-06-18 Franck Derenoncourt Mobile oil platform system and method
CN106988288A (zh) * 2017-04-28 2017-07-28 上海工程技术大学 一种简单高效的海上漏油回收器及回收方法
CN107740392A (zh) * 2017-09-26 2018-02-27 中海石油环保服务（天津）有限公司 一种水面上油污分隔回收装置及其分隔回收方法
US10267124B2 (en) 2016-12-13 2019-04-23 Chevron U.S.A. Inc. Subsea live hydrocarbon fluid retrieval system and method
CN111318540A (zh) * 2018-12-15 2020-06-23 中石化石油工程技术服务有限公司 一种深水水下漏油集储装置及其使用方法
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US11248357B1 (en) * 2020-08-14 2022-02-15 Syncrude Canada Ltd. In Trust For The Owners Of The Syncrude Project As Such Owners Exist Now And In The Future High density fluid recovery of sunken material

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GB2480093A (en) * 2010-05-06 2011-11-09 Acergy France Sa Recovering fluid from a spilling undersea well
CN107054587B (zh) * 2017-04-10 2018-12-04 浙江省海洋水产研究所 一种海湾溢油清理装置

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ATE505396T1 (de) 2011-04-15
EP1513723A2 (de) 2005-03-16
ES1067913U (es) 2008-07-16
ES1067913Y (es) 2008-10-16
DE60336719D1 (de) 2011-05-26
EP1513723A4 (de) 2005-11-16
WO2004040957A3 (en) 2004-11-04
ES2212757T3 (es) 2011-09-19
AU2003300390A1 (en) 2004-06-07
WO2004040957A2 (en) 2004-05-21
ES2212757T6 (es) 2004-08-01
EP1513723B1 (de) 2011-04-13

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