US20050016057A1 - Simultaneous reduction in NOx and carbon in ash from using manganese in coal burners - Google Patents

Simultaneous reduction in NOx and carbon in ash from using manganese in coal burners Download PDF

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Publication number
US20050016057A1
US20050016057A1 US10/623,686 US62368603A US2005016057A1 US 20050016057 A1 US20050016057 A1 US 20050016057A1 US 62368603 A US62368603 A US 62368603A US 2005016057 A1 US2005016057 A1 US 2005016057A1
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Prior art keywords
manganese
coal
amount
combustion
carbon
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Abandoned
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US10/623,686
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English (en)
Inventor
Stephen Factor
Tommaso DiGiamberardino
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Afton Chemical Corp
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Afton Chemical Corp
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Priority to US10/623,686 priority Critical patent/US20050016057A1/en
Application filed by Afton Chemical Corp filed Critical Afton Chemical Corp
Assigned to ETHYL PETROLEUM ADDITIVES, INC. reassignment ETHYL PETROLEUM ADDITIVES, INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: DIGIAMBERARDINO, THOMAS, FACTOR, STEPHEN A.
Priority to CA002470690A priority patent/CA2470690A1/en
Priority to ZA2004/04661A priority patent/ZA200404661B/en
Assigned to SUNTRUST BANK, AS ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT reassignment SUNTRUST BANK, AS ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT SECURITY AGREEMENT Assignors: ETHYL PETROLEUM ADDITIVES, INC.
Priority to EP04014850A priority patent/EP1500692A1/en
Priority to AU2004203002A priority patent/AU2004203002A1/en
Priority to MXPA04006613A priority patent/MXPA04006613A/es
Priority to JP2004207569A priority patent/JP2005042109A/ja
Priority to KR1020040055415A priority patent/KR20050010711A/ko
Priority to BR0403581-0A priority patent/BRPI0403581A/pt
Priority to SG200404304A priority patent/SG108965A1/en
Priority to RU2004122435/04A priority patent/RU2268915C1/ru
Priority to ARP040102565A priority patent/AR046397A1/es
Priority to CNB2004100713359A priority patent/CN100503794C/zh
Assigned to AFTON CHEMICAL CORPORATION reassignment AFTON CHEMICAL CORPORATION CHANGE OF NAME (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: ETHYL PETROLEUM ADDITIVES, INC.
Publication of US20050016057A1 publication Critical patent/US20050016057A1/en
Assigned to SUNTRUST BANK reassignment SUNTRUST BANK SECURITY AGREEMENT Assignors: AFTON CHEMICAL CORPORATION
Assigned to AFTON CHEMICAL CORPORATION reassignment AFTON CHEMICAL CORPORATION RELEASE BY SECURED PARTY (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: SUNTRUST BANK
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L9/00—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion
    • C10L9/10—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion by using additives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
    • C10L10/02—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for reducing smoke development
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
    • B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
    • B01J31/12—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides containing organo-metallic compounds or metal hydrides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/12—Inorganic compounds
    • C10L1/1208—Inorganic compounds elements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/12—Inorganic compounds
    • C10L1/1233—Inorganic compounds oxygen containing compounds, e.g. oxides, hydroxides, acids and salts thereof
    • C10L1/1241—Inorganic compounds oxygen containing compounds, e.g. oxides, hydroxides, acids and salts thereof metal carbonyls
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/30—Organic compounds compounds not mentioned before (complexes)
    • C10L1/305—Organic compounds compounds not mentioned before (complexes) organo-metallic compounds (containing a metal to carbon bond)
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
    • C10L10/06—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for facilitating soot removal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2230/00—Function and purpose of a components of a fuel or the composition as a whole
    • C10L2230/04—Catalyst added to fuel stream to improve a reaction

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an additive and a method for simultaneously reducing the production of both NOx and carbon in ash from the combustion of fuel containing coal by means of adding to the fuel an effective amount of a manganese compound.
  • combustion efficiency When burning fuels such as fuel oil and coal in boilers, incinerators, and utility furnaces, the ability to achieve high combustion efficiency and low emissions is of paramount importance.
  • One of the most direct ways to improve combustion efficiency is to increase the volume of combustion air in order to ensure a complete oxidation of carbon-carbon, carbon-hydrogen, and carbon-heteroatom bonds to give combustion products of carbon dioxide and water.
  • Higher carbon dioxide content in the combustion products means increased combustion efficiency and also lower carbon content in the ash.
  • an increase in the volume of combustion air can promote NOx formation.
  • combustion efficiency reduced carbon in ash
  • NOx production such that when one is improved, the other deteriorates.
  • FGR Flue Gas Recirculation
  • Conventional combustion science ascribed to this type of combustion at ambient pressure teaches that there is a trade-off between NOx and unburned carbon, namely measures that are designed to lower NOx will inherently increase levels of unburned carbon, and vice versa.
  • Metal-containing additives are known to achieve one or the other, in various combustion systems, but not both simultaneously. Previous and conventional attempts to get around this usually required a series of multiple methods applied to each carbon burnout and NOx independently in order to keep them under control or at acceptable levels.
  • the present invention relates to methods to improve both the carbon burnout (i.e., lower carbon in ash) of coal burning facilities and the NOx production levels by the use of at least one manganese-containing additive compound.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates the performance of a manganese containing additive on NOx reduction.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates the reduction of carbon in ash and carbon monoxide by the use of a manganese-containing additive.
  • a manganese-containing additive is combined with a fuel containing, inter alia, coal.
  • the manganese-containing additive catalyzes an improved carbon burnout (i.e. lowering carbon in ash) during the entire combustion process—both in the high and low temperature regions of the combustion system (i.e. in the flame front with temperatures as high as 3600° F. and downstream of this to temperatures as low as 550° F.).
  • NOx reduction occurs only downstream of the flame front at temperatures outside the significant thermal NOx forming temperature range that is above 2500° F. Below about 2500°, NOx competes with oxygen in the carbon oxidation of manganese-containing combustion byproduct particulate (soot or fly ash). The manganese catalyzes this carbon oxidation reaction, which is faster when NOx is the source of oxygen and when the temperatures fall. This carbon oxidation by NOx catalyzed by manganese is efficacious down to a temperature of about 550° F.
  • This NOx reduction chemistry can take place on carbon-containing particulate such as soot or fly ash, even when the combustion settings are at a high air to fuel ratio (i.e.
  • the manganese mixed with the carbon-containing particulate is able to catalyze carbon burnout utilizing either combustion oxygen or NOx as the oxidant. In this manner, carbon in ash is lowered simultaneously with a NOx reduction. Carbon monoxide (CO) levels also drop during use of a manganese-containing additive, showing improved combustion efficiency in converting carbon to the more oxidized carbon dioxide combustion product.
  • a method of reducing simultaneously the amount of carbon in fly ash, the amount of NOx, and the amount of carbon monoxide resulting from the combustion of coal comprising combining coal and an additive that comprises a manganese-containing compound forming a mixture thereof; and combusting said mixture in a combustion chamber; the manganese-containing compound being present in an amount effective to reduce the amount of carbon in fly ash, the amount of NOx, and the amount of carbon monoxide resulting from the combusting of the coal in the combustion chamber.
  • Yet another embodiment provides a method of simultaneously reducing both the amount of carbon monoxide and the amount of NOx resulting from the combustion of coal, the method comprising combining coal and an additive that comprises a manganese-containing compound forming a mixture thereof; and combusting said mixture in a combustion chamber; the manganese-containing compound being present in an amount effective to reduce both the amount of carbon monoxide and the amount of NOx resulting from the combusting of the coal in the combustion chamber.
  • An additional embodiment provides a method of reducing both the amount of carbon in fly ash and the amount of NOx resulting from the combustion of coal, the method comprising combusting coal in the presence of at least 1 ppm of a manganese-containing additive, whereby the amount of carbon in fly ash and the amount of NOx resulting from the combustion of said coal are both reduced relative to the amounts of carbon in fly ash and NOx resulting from the combustion of coal in the absence of the manganese-containing additive.
  • Yet another additional embodiment provides a method for stabilizing combustion while operating in the FGR mode.
  • combustion instability is normally experienced as a result of the cooler flame due to the FGR. This instability leads to combustion inefficiency and increased hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide, and particulate with high carbon content (smoke and soot).
  • a method for stabilizing coal combustion by combusting coal in the presence of at least 1 ppm of a manganese-containing additive whereby the amount of carbon in fly ash and the amount of NOx resulting from the combustion of said coal are both reduced relative to the amounts of carbon in fly ash and NOx resulting from the combustion of coal in the absence of the manganese-containing additive, and whereby combustion stability is improved relative to the combustion stability of the coal in the absence of the manganese-containing additive.
  • manganese-containing compounds useful herein as coal additives include both inorganic and organometallic compounds.
  • Inorganic manganese compounds useful herein can include one or more of manganese oxides, manganese sulfates, and manganese phosphates.
  • Preferred organometallic compounds in an embodiment of the present invention include alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, esters, anhydrides, sulfonates, phosphonates, naphthenates, chelates, phenates, crown ethers, carboxylic acids, amides, acetyl acetonates, and mixtures thereof.
  • Manganese containing organometallic compounds include manganese tricarbonyl compounds. Such compounds are taught, for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,568,357; 4,674,447; 5,113,803; 5,599,357; 5,944,858 and European Patent No. 466 512 B1.
  • Suitable manganese tricarbonyl compounds which can be used include cyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, dimethylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, trimethylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, tetramethylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, pentamethylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, ethylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, diethylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, propylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, isopropylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, tert-butylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, octylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, do
  • cyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyls which are liquid at room temperature such as methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, ethylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, liquid mixtures of cyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl and methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, mixtures of methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl and ethylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, etc.
  • the combustion systems that may use the manganese-containing coal additive compounds described herein include any and all internal and external combustion devices, machines, engines, turbine engines, boilers, incinerators, evaporative burners, stationary burners and the like which can combust or in which can be combusted a hydrocarbonacous fuel such as coal.
  • Coal burning furnaces particularly large systems, are all uniquely designed. However, most have primary air streams that deliver coal to and through a grinding process and eventually to the combustion chamber in the furnace. In the furnace, there may be one or more secondary air streams that also feed air into the combustion chamber.
  • the manganese-containing coal additive compound can be mixed with the coal either before or simultaneously in the combustion chamber.
  • the manganese compound may be injected into the primary air stream for mixing with the coal before the combustion chamber.
  • the manganese compound may be injected with a secondary air stream into and mixed in with the coal in the combustion chamber.
  • the additive having the manganese compound may be injected separately into the coal and directly into the combustion chamber.
  • there will be conditions that cause the effective mixture of the additive having the manganese compound in the coal so that the manganese atoms will be present and available for catalytic activity.
  • the additive can be a liquid form so that it is miscible with liquid fuels and easily dispersed in the combustion air by atomizing nozzles and mild heat.
  • the treat rate of the manganese compound with the coal is between 1 to about 500 ppm.
  • An alternative treat rate is from about 5 to 100 ppm manganese.
  • the treat rate is 20 ppm manganese to the coal.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 demonstrate the results of the use of a manganese-containing additive in the simultaneous lowering of carbon in ash and NOx in the combustion products from the foregoing example.
  • FIG. 2 demonstrates the results of the use of a manganese-containing additive in the simultaneous lowering of carbon in ash, NOx, and carbon monoxide in the combustion products from the foregoing example.
  • the data were collected from a coal-fired unit burning the same coal for the entire period, and are based on the daily average data at 200 MW plus or minus 10 MW.
  • “GB” represents the introduction of a manganese-containing coal additive referred to as Greenburn® 2001HF Combustion Catalyst into the combustion unit.
  • the reactants and components are identified as ingredients to be brought together either in performing a desired chemical reaction (such as formation of the organometallic compound) or in forming a desired composition (such as an additive concentrate or additized fuel blend).
  • a desired chemical reaction such as formation of the organometallic compound
  • a desired composition such as an additive concentrate or additized fuel blend
  • the additive components can be added or blended into or with the base fuels individually per se and/or as components used in forming preformed additive combinations and/or sub-combinations.
  • the claims hereinafter may refer to substances, components and/or ingredients in the present tense (“comprises”, “is”, etc.), the reference is to the substance, components or ingredient as it existed at the time just before it was first blended or mixed with one or more other substances, components and/or ingredients in accordance with the present disclosure.
  • the fact that the substance, components or ingredient may have lost its original identity through a chemical reaction or transformation during the course of such blending or mixing operations or immediately thereafter is thus wholly immaterial for an accurate

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)
US10/623,686 2003-07-21 2003-07-21 Simultaneous reduction in NOx and carbon in ash from using manganese in coal burners Abandoned US20050016057A1 (en)

Priority Applications (13)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US10/623,686 US20050016057A1 (en) 2003-07-21 2003-07-21 Simultaneous reduction in NOx and carbon in ash from using manganese in coal burners
CA002470690A CA2470690A1 (en) 2003-07-21 2004-06-10 Simultaneous reduction in nox and carbon in ash from using manganese in coal burners
ZA2004/04661A ZA200404661B (en) 2003-07-21 2004-06-11 Simultaneous reduction in no and carbon in ash form using manganese in coal burners
EP04014850A EP1500692A1 (en) 2003-07-21 2004-06-24 Simultaneous reduction of NOx and carbon in ash from burning coal by using manganese
AU2004203002A AU2004203002A1 (en) 2003-07-21 2004-07-01 Simultaneous reduction of NOx and carbon in ash from using manganese in coal burners
MXPA04006613A MXPA04006613A (es) 2003-07-21 2004-07-06 Reduccion simultanea en nox y carbon en cenizas utilizando manganeso en quemadores de carbon mineral.
JP2004207569A JP2005042109A (ja) 2003-07-21 2004-07-14 マンガンを石炭燃焼装置で用いてＮＯｘと灰中炭素の同時減少
KR1020040055415A KR20050010711A (ko) 2003-07-21 2004-07-16 석탄 버너에서의 망간 사용으로 인한 산화질소류, 및 회분중 탄소의 동시 감소 방법
BR0403581-0A BRPI0403581A (pt) 2003-07-21 2004-07-19 Redução simultânea em nox e carbono em cinzas pelo uso de manganês em queimadores de carvão
SG200404304A SG108965A1 (en) 2003-07-21 2004-07-20 Simultaneous reduction in nox and carbon in ash from using manganese in coal burners
CNB2004100713359A CN100503794C (zh) 2003-07-21 2004-07-20 利用锰在煤燃烧器中同时减少灰分中的NOx和碳
ARP040102565A AR046397A1 (es) 2003-07-21 2004-07-20 Reduccion simultanea de nox y carbono en las cenizas utilizando manganeso en quemadores de carbon
RU2004122435/04A RU2268915C1 (ru) 2003-07-21 2004-07-20 СПОСОБ ОДНОВРЕМЕННОГО СНИЖЕНИЯ КОЛИЧЕСТВА NOx, CO И УГЛЕРОДА В ЗОЛЕ И ПРИСАДКА К УГЛЮ

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US10/623,686 US20050016057A1 (en) 2003-07-21 2003-07-21 Simultaneous reduction in NOx and carbon in ash from using manganese in coal burners

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US10/623,686 Abandoned US20050016057A1 (en) 2003-07-21 2003-07-21 Simultaneous reduction in NOx and carbon in ash from using manganese in coal burners

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US (1) US20050016057A1 (es)
EP (1) EP1500692A1 (es)
JP (1) JP2005042109A (es)
KR (1) KR20050010711A (es)
CN (1) CN100503794C (es)
AR (1) AR046397A1 (es)
AU (1) AU2004203002A1 (es)
BR (1) BRPI0403581A (es)
CA (1) CA2470690A1 (es)
MX (1) MXPA04006613A (es)
RU (1) RU2268915C1 (es)
SG (1) SG108965A1 (es)
ZA (1) ZA200404661B (es)

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US20050011413A1 (en) * 2003-07-18 2005-01-20 Roos Joseph W. Lowering the amount of carbon in fly ash from burning coal by a manganese additive to the coal
US20060175230A1 (en) * 2005-02-09 2006-08-10 Headwaters Nanokinetix, Inc. Organically complexed nanocatalysts for improving combustion properties of fuels and fuel compositions incorporating such catalysts
US20060174902A1 (en) * 2005-02-09 2006-08-10 Bing Zhou Tobacco catalyst and methods for reducing the amount of undesirable small molecules in tobacco smoke
US7357903B2 (en) 2005-04-12 2008-04-15 Headwaters Heavy Oil, Llc Method for reducing NOx during combustion of coal in a burner
US20100104555A1 (en) * 2008-10-24 2010-04-29 The Scripps Research Institute HCV neutralizing epitopes
US7758660B2 (en) 2006-02-09 2010-07-20 Headwaters Technology Innovation, Llc Crystalline nanocatalysts for improving combustion properties of fuels and fuel compositions incorporating such catalysts

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CN101602974B (zh) * 2008-06-12 2013-05-22 黑龙江星河能源开发有限公司 高效环保助燃节煤剂及其制备方法
GB0902517D0 (en) 2009-02-16 2009-04-01 Innospec Ltd Improvements in or relating to the combustion of coal
CN102517121A (zh) * 2012-01-05 2012-06-27 江南大学 一种提高煤炭燃烧热值的催化装置
CN102989510A (zh) * 2012-12-24 2013-03-27 江南大学 一种用于污泥焚烧过程的催化剂
CN103146459A (zh) * 2013-03-11 2013-06-12 江南大学 一种促进淤泥和煤粉混合物燃烧的催化剂
US9587190B2 (en) * 2014-10-17 2017-03-07 Afton Chemical Corporation Fuel composition and method of formulating a fuel composition to reduce real-world driving cycle particulate emissions
CN112403524A (zh) * 2020-11-20 2021-02-26 雷夫·维本斯塔德 一种燃烧催化剂

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