US20050012994A1 - Stereoscopic microscope - Google Patents

Stereoscopic microscope Download PDF

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Publication number
US20050012994A1
US20050012994A1 US10/891,691 US89169104A US2005012994A1 US 20050012994 A1 US20050012994 A1 US 20050012994A1 US 89169104 A US89169104 A US 89169104A US 2005012994 A1 US2005012994 A1 US 2005012994A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
stereoscopic
microscope
optical axis
beam path
microscope according
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
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US10/891,691
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English (en)
Inventor
Ulrich Sander
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Leica Microsystems Schweiz AG
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Leica Microsystems Schweiz AG
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Assigned to LEICA MICROSYSTEMS (SCHWEIZ) AG reassignment LEICA MICROSYSTEMS (SCHWEIZ) AG ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: SANDER, ULRICH
Publication of US20050012994A1 publication Critical patent/US20050012994A1/en
Priority to US12/022,484 priority Critical patent/US7489442B2/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B21/00—Microscopes
    • G02B21/18—Arrangements with more than one light path, e.g. for comparing two specimens
    • G02B21/20—Binocular arrangements
    • G02B21/22—Stereoscopic arrangements

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a stereoscopic microscope of a type having an optical inverter system for erecting a pseudo-stereoscopic image and reversing of the viewing beams thereof.
  • Ophthalmological microscopes as such are known. They comprise a main objective, a magnification system disposed thereafter, i.e. behind the main objective, and a binocular system with oculars (eyepieces).
  • a magnification system which is, for example, designed as a zoom system
  • the main beam path, which passes the main objective lens may be split into a number of beam paths.
  • ophthalmological microscopes are known, which allow for a simultaneous inspection of the object by a first user (main surgeon) and a second user (assistant).
  • Intraocular surgery requires supplementary optical systems, for example in order to microscopically inspect the fundus or parts of the vitreous body of a human eye, which are close to the fundus. These consist of lenses, which are disposed in front of the main objective at the side of the object.
  • a supplementary optical system of this kind is described in the brochure “SDI II, BIOM II” of Oculus Optikgerate GmbH published in 1998, as well as in U.S. Pat. No. 4,856,872.
  • This supplementary optical system comprises a lens (ophthalmoscopical lens) to be positioned close to the object to be inspected, and a lens (reduction lens), which is positioned closer to the main objective.
  • an ophtalmological attachment for a surgical microscope is accomodated in an attachment housing, which is laterally positionable with respect to the main objective.
  • the attachment comprises an ophtalmoscopical lens, an optical image erecting system and a slideable lens (correcting lens) for focussing.
  • the image erecting system is needed, because the supplementary optical systems reverse the microscopic image with respect to its height extension and its lateral extension, thereby giving a pseudo-stereoscopic virtual image. This means among other things that the front and the back of depth perception of the intermediate image created by the ophtalmoscopical lens are reversed.
  • an erected, stereoscopically correct image is required. For this reason, in order to avoid the otherwise resulting pseudo-stereoscopic effect in viewing, a reversal (an exchange) of the two viewing beam paths (reversal of pupils) must occur simultaneously to the required erection of the image.
  • SDI-System stereo diagonal inverter
  • a system of this kind is known, for example, from the already mentioned brochure “SDI II, BIOM II” dating from 1998.
  • SDI II, BIOM II stereoscopic diagonal inverter
  • the use of such SDI systems is accompanied by considerable disadvantages for the microscope system or the image quality of the microscope.
  • adapting the optical beam path of these supplementary systems to that of the stereo microscope has proved to be very cumbersome. Frequently, this results in poor image quality and field clipping, which is caused by insufficient mechanical adaptation of the SDI-system to the microscope.
  • the overall height of such SDI-systems influences the ergonomic overall height of the microscope in a negative way.
  • the present invention aims to invert laterally inverted, pseudo-stereoscopic image in a simple way, i.e. to image in a laterally correct and stereoscopically correct manner.
  • a stereoscopic microscope comprising an optical inverter system for erecting a pseudo-stereoscopic image and reversing the viewing beam paths of the pseudo-stereoscopic image, wherein the inverter system includes a deflector element having a focal power.
  • an optical inverter system for erecting a pseudo-stereoscopic image and reversing the viewing beams thereof comprising at least one deflector element provided with a focal power it is possible in a simple way to reduce the overall height of the stereoscopic microscope as compared to conventional solutions. Hence, it is possible in an advantageous manner to reduce the ergonomic overall height of the microscope as well.
  • a stereoscopic microscope comprises two deflector elements provided with a focal power.
  • deflect a beam path especially a horizontally proceeding one, which is incident upon the first deflector element, initially into a vertical (perpendicular) direction, and subsequently, by means of a further deflection by the second deflecting element to create a beam path, which proceeds substantially parallel to the original horizontal beam path.
  • a laterally and vertically correct image is created along the beam path, which proceeds vertically between the two microscope planes. Therefore, this vertically proceeding beam path may be used in an optimal manner.
  • the overall size of a stereoscopic microscope may be kept very small, and an available construction space may be exploited in an optimal manner.
  • At least one deflector element of the inverter system is designed as a concave mirror.
  • Concave mirrors may be provided in a simple and cost-effective way, and may further be adjusted easily. It is further imaginable to employ deflector prisms designed to have a focal power as deflector elements.
  • the stereoscopic microscope according to the invention comprises a main objective, which defines a first optical axis, and deflector elements to deflect a beam path proceeding parallel to the first optical axis along a second optical axis in a first plane of the microscope, which extends at an angle, in particular substantially perpendicularly to the first optical axis, and subsequently to be directed along a third optical axis in a second plane of the microscope, which extends substantially parallel to and above the first plane of the microscope.
  • a stereoscopic microscope constructed in this way has a small overall height, as compared to conventional solutions, because a major part of the necessary or appropriate optical components, may be provided in the first and second planes of the microscope, which preferably extend horizontally.
  • the stereoscopic microscope comprises a magnification system, especially a zoom system, which is provided in the first or second plane of the microscope, along the second or third optical axis, respectively, and comprises at least two stereoscopic viewing channels.
  • a zoom system may be positioned selectively in front of or behind the inverter system.
  • it proves to be especially beneficial to position it behind the inverter system, because in this case the requirements for the deflector elements of the inverter system with respect to precision are comparatively low.
  • It may also be considered to provide the magnification system between the two planes of the microscope along the vertically proceeding beam path. In that the magnification system is positioned accordingly, the overall height and/or the horizontal overall length of the microscope, may be influenced in the desired way.
  • At least one of the inverter system's deflector elements with a focal power additionally serves as deflector element for deflecting beam paths between the first, second and third optical axes.
  • the stereoscopic microscope according to the invention preferably has an decoupling means to decouple an assistant beam path from a main investigator beam path.
  • an decoupling means which may, for example, be provided as a physical or a geometrical beam splitter, an inspection by the main investigator and an inspection by the assistant may be provided in a simple way.
  • FIG. 1 shows a lateral schematic sectional view of a preferred embodiment of a stereoscopic microscope according to the invention, having an ophthalmological attachment provided therebefore, and
  • FIG. 2 shows the microscope according to FIG. 1 without ophthalmological attachment and accordingly adapted optical system.
  • the stereoscopic microscope comprises a microscope body 102 , in which a main objective 2 and a magnification system 7 , which is especially designed as a zoom system, are provided as optical components.
  • the microscope further comprises deflector elements 5 , 21 a , 21 b .
  • deflector elements 5 , 21 a , 21 b By means of these deflector elements, viewing beams 12 a to 12 h , which emerge from an object 40 to be inspected, and which at first pass the main objective 2 substantially (at 21 a ) in vertical direction along the optical axis thereof, which is referred to as first optical axis 11 a in the following, are deflectable into two substantially horizontally extending planes I and II of the microscope (at 12 b , 12 d ).
  • the magnifying system 7 in the embodiment shown is disposed in the second plane II of the microscope.
  • the optical axes in the first and second planes of the microscope are subsequently referred to as second and third optical axes 11 b , 11 d , respectively.
  • supplementary optical components are provided, selectively in the first and/or second plane I, II of the microscope, along the respective optical axes, which as a whole are referred to by reference numeral 8 herein, which comprise for example filters, laser shutters, optical dividers or elements for creating intermediate images.
  • the microscope shown is designed for simultaneous inspection of the object 40 by a main surgeon and by an assistant.
  • a deflecting element or a decoupling means 9 is provided in the second plane II of the microscope, effecting the decoupling of the viewing beam path 12 g for the assistant with respect to the viewing beam path 12 d for the main surgeon.
  • the inspection of the object 40 by the assistant takes place in a third plane III of the microscope.
  • the stereoscopic splitting of the (uniform) beam path 12 a may occur at an arbitrary position within the microscope housing 102 in a manner, which as such is known. It is advisable that the stereoscopic splitting is carried out by means of the magnifying system 7 , which may comprise, for example, two or four stereoscopic viewing channels. It may also be considered to provide the magnifying system 7 with four stereoscopic viewing channels grouped in pairs, wherein one pair of stereoscopic viewing channels is provided for the main surgeon and the other pair for the assistant.
  • the provision of four magnifying channels within the context of the magnification system enables the implementation of a small vertical distance between the respective viewing axis and the object to be inspected both for the main surgeon as well as for the assistant. It is advisable that two magnifying channels for the magnifying system, in particular the magnifying channels for the main surgeon, proceed horizontally at the same height, whereas two further magnifying channels proceed parallel herewith, i.e. also horizontally, with a vertical spacing. These magnifying channels with vertical spacing are especially useable for the assistant. In this respect, it is especially possible that the magnifying channels provided with vertical spacing proceed above or below, respectively, the center of the connecting line between the magnifying channels for the main surgeon provided at the same height.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 only single viewing beam paths are shown.
  • the viewing beam path is referred to by 12 d .
  • the two viewing beam paths for the main surgeon are arranged behind each other in the viewing direction of FIGS. 1 and 2 , so that only one of these viewing beam paths can be shown.
  • the viewing beam paths in the second plane of the microscope, which have a vertical spacing, and which, by the deflector element 9 , are deflected into the third plane II of the microscope, are not shown in detail.
  • the vertically proceeding viewing beam path 12 g is only a schematic simplification, since actually in this embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 , a total of two viewing beam paths which proceed vertically parallel to each other, are deflected to the third plane of the microscope.
  • a complete illustration of this preferred embodiment of a magnification system is disclosed in DE 102 55 960, to which reference is made herewith.
  • the decoupling means 9 allow for a stereoscopic inspection of the object 40 by the main surgeon and/or the assistant.
  • a further deflection element 6 is provided behind the decoupling means 9 , by means of which the (stereoscopic) viewing beam paths (at 12 e ) for the main surgeon can be deflected from the second plane II back to, for example, the first plane I of the microscope.
  • a further deflection element 16 is provided, by means of which the viewing beam paths for the main surgeon are deflected into a substantially horizontal direction again.
  • the beam paths proceeding to a binocular tube (not shown) in plane I of the microscope are referred to by 12 f.
  • the deflector element 6 may be omitted, or it may be provided in a semi-transparent or relocatable manner. In this case, the viewing beam paths for the main surgeon referred to by 12 h result.
  • a further deflector element 10 is provided in the third plane III of the microscope, by means of which the beam paths 12 g , which are decoupled by decoupling means 9 (and are substantially vertically proceeding), are deflectable to the third plane of the microscope (i.e. substantially in a horizontal direction). It is advisable that depending on the orientation of the assistant beam paths, the deflector element 10 may be pivoted about an axis 13 or an axis, which proceeds perpendicular to this axis, so that by means of the binocular tube for the assistant (not shown), an assistant's viewing is possible, in the example shown into the drawing plane or out of the drawing plane.
  • An illumination system of the microscope shown is as a whole referred to by 3 , 4 , wherein a fiber cable for illumination means 3 is referred to by 4 .
  • a deflector element 3 a By means of a deflector element 3 a , light from the fiber cable is incident, at a desired angle, upon the object 40 to be illuminated.
  • the optical axis of fiber cable 4 is designated by 12 .
  • the microscope 100 is further provided with a supplementary optical system 30 , 32 , which allows the carrying out of intraocular surgery.
  • the supplementary optical system comprises an ophthalmoscopical lens or fundus lens 30 , and a correcting lens 32 .
  • the ophthalmoscopical lens 30 serves to optically compensate the focal power of the eye.
  • the ophthalmoscopical lens 30 and the correcting lens 32 are jointy used in intraocular surgery they may, by means of a pivoting mechanism (not shown), be pivoted out of the beam path 12 a from between object 40 and main objective 2 or out of the optical axis 11 a of the main objective 2 , respectively. By means of this ability to be pivoted, it is ensured that microscope 100 can also be applied for other surgical interventions, which do not require such supplementary optical systems.
  • the ophthalmoscopical lens 30 creates a first intermediate image 31 of the object 40 before the main objective lens 2 of the microscope 100 .
  • the image 31 created by ophthalmoscopical lens 30 is vertically and laterally reversed (pseudo-stereoscopic).
  • the correcting lens 32 is provided in such a way that it may be displaced along the optical axis 11 a , as is indicated by the double-sided arrow. By means of displacing the correcting lens 32 , it is possible, for example, to focus onto a section of interest of the object or eye 40 , without having to carry out adjustments to the optical system inside housing 102 .
  • the intermediate image 31 is laterally and vertically reversed, i.e. pseudo-stereoscopic.
  • the deflector elements 21 a , 21 b are designed as concave mirrors (mirrors with a radius other than ⁇ ).
  • the following propagation of the viewing beam results: by means of the correcting or auxiliary lens 32 , or, if applicable (subsequent to deflecting by deflecting element 5 ) of the supplementary optical components 8 , the beam paths, which result from the vertical and laterally reversed intermediate image 31 are converted into a beam path, which is substantially parallel to the axis along the optical axis 11 b of the first plane I of the microscope.
  • This beam path parallel to the axis is by means of concave mirror 21 a , deflected into a further intermediate image 22 in the vertical beam path 12 c between the two planes I, II of the microscope.
  • This intermediate image 22 is laterally correct and vertically correct, i.e. stereoscopic.
  • the magnification system 7 is preferrably designed as a four-channel zoom system along the third optical axis 11 d , whereby, as already mentionned, the stereoscopic splitting for the main surgeon and the assistant is effected.
  • deflector elements 21 a , 21 b serve to deflect the beam paths and thereby to optimally exploit the space inside the microscope body 102 , on the other hand, they serve to invert a pseudo-stereoscopic intermediate image, whereby the number of optical components is reduced, as compared to conventional solutions.
  • the deflector elements 21 a , 21 b both serve to deflect the respective viewing beam paths inside the body of the microscope, as well as to create an image or image to infinity, respectively, whereby an image erection of an inverted, pseudo-stereoscopic intermediate image is provided in a simple and cost-effective manner.
  • the invention it is possible to replace conventionally used SDI-systems, which comprise relatively complex prism systems and plane mirror systems, by simple convex mirrors 21 a , 21 b . It is also possible to provide the double functionality provided by the concave mirrors 21 a , 21 b by means of deflector prisms provided with a focal power. Instead of deflector elements 21 a or 21 b , it might also be considered to provide deflector element 5 with a focal power. Thereby, the inverted intermediate image would be created in the first plane I of the microscope.
  • microscope 100 is to be used without the ophthalmoscopical attachment 30 , 32 , said attachment is removeable from the beam path 12 a , especially it may be pivoted out.
  • a respective repositioning mechanism which may be designed to be manually driven or motor-driven, is not shown in detail.
  • the deflector elements 21 a , 21 b which are designed as concave mirrors, are removed from the viewing beam path (for example by pivoting) and replaced by conventional, planar deflector mirrors 22 a , 22 b .
  • the configuration of the microscope according to FIG. 2 corresponds to that according to FIG. 1 , so that a repeated detailed description may be omitted.
  • deflector elements 22 a , 22 b which are designed as planar mirrors
  • further possibilities to couple out beam paths are given, as they are referred to as a whole as 50 in FIG. 2 .
  • the deflector elements 22 a , 22 b may be designed semi-transparently, whereby it is advisable to provide a further deflector element 51 .
  • the deflector elements 21 a , 21 b and 22 a , 22 b are coupled to the ophthalmoscopical attachment, so that in case the ophtalmoscopical attachment is removed from the beam path 12 a , the deflector elements 21 a , 21 b are automatically or motor-driven exchanged by the deflector elements 22 a , 22 b and vice versa.
  • elements 30 and 32 of the supplementary optical system are not used, it is possible to also remove the focally-powered inverter system elements 21 a , 21 b and replace them with conventional planar deflection elements 21 a , 21 b in a simple manner.
  • An electromechanical coupling 60 is shown in FIG. 1 for accomplishing the joint removal or insertion of the inverter system and supplementary optical system into or out of the beam path of the microscope.
US10/891,691 2003-07-17 2004-07-15 Stereoscopic microscope Abandoned US20050012994A1 (en)

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DE10332603.0 2003-07-17
DE10332603A DE10332603B4 (de) 2003-07-17 2003-07-17 Stereomikroskop

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20050012991A1 (en) * 2003-07-17 2005-01-20 Ulrich Sander Stereoscopic microscope
US20070047070A1 (en) * 2005-08-26 2007-03-01 Ulrich Sander Microscope
US20090059170A1 (en) * 2005-08-26 2009-03-05 Leica Microsystems (Schweiz) Ag Microscope
US20110032335A1 (en) * 2009-08-07 2011-02-10 Leica Microsystems (Schweiz) Ag Video stereomicroscope
US20110194073A1 (en) * 2010-02-11 2011-08-11 Leica Microsystems (Schweiz) Ag Attachment module for a microscope for observing the fundus of the eye
US8556427B2 (en) 2011-04-18 2013-10-15 Leica Microsystems (Schweiz) Ag Operating microscope system

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102006009452B4 (de) 2005-10-20 2010-07-01 Carl Zeiss Surgical Gmbh Stereomikroskop
DE102006012388A1 (de) 2005-10-20 2007-04-26 Carl Zeiss Surgical Gmbh Mikroskopiesystem
DE102006010767B4 (de) * 2006-03-08 2008-04-17 Carl Zeiss Surgical Gmbh Mikroskopiesystem
DE102009026455A1 (de) 2009-05-25 2010-12-02 Leica Instruments (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. Mikroskop mit Spaltbeleuchtung
DE102012201371A1 (de) * 2012-01-31 2013-08-01 Leica Microsystems (Schweiz) Ag Multiphotonenfluoroskopievorsatzmodul für ein Operationsmikroskop
DE102012223106B4 (de) * 2012-12-13 2020-09-10 Möller-Wedel GmbH & Co. KG Weitwinkelvorsatz für ein Operationsmikroskop und System aus einem Operationsmikroskop und einem Weitwinkelvorsatz

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US4623223A (en) * 1982-12-27 1986-11-18 Kempf Paul S Stereo image display using a concave mirror and two contiguous reflecting mirrors
US4856872A (en) * 1986-03-14 1989-08-15 Oculus Optikgeraete Gmbh Attachment for microscopes
US5282085A (en) * 1991-05-18 1994-01-25 Oculus Optikgeraete Gmbh Stereoscopic microscope including a field-magnifying lens in front of the objective lens
US5321447A (en) * 1991-05-04 1994-06-14 Carl-Zeiss-Stiftung Ophthalmoscopic attachment for a surgical microscope
US20010010592A1 (en) * 2000-01-27 2001-08-02 Mitaka Kohki Co., Ltd. Stereomicroscope
US6304374B1 (en) * 1992-10-27 2001-10-16 Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. Stereomicroscope
US20020118448A1 (en) * 2000-12-23 2002-08-29 Rainer Kirchhuebel Microscope for the wide-angle viewing, in particular for eye surgeries
US6598972B2 (en) * 2000-09-26 2003-07-29 Carl Zeiss-Stiftung Stereomicroscopy system
US20030165012A1 (en) * 2000-09-26 2003-09-04 Fritz Straehle Image reversion system, ancillary ophthalmoscopy module and surgical microscope

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DE4114646C2 (de) * 1991-05-04 1996-02-29 Zeiss Carl Fa Ophthalmoskopie-Vorsatz für ein Operationsmikroskop
GB2295027A (en) * 1994-11-11 1996-05-15 Duffie White Displaying virtual image of object using a curved mirror
JP4804649B2 (ja) * 2001-05-29 2011-11-02 株式会社トプコン 立体顕微鏡
DE10255960A1 (de) * 2002-11-29 2004-06-24 Leica Microsystems (Schweiz) Ag Stereomikroskop

Patent Citations (9)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4623223A (en) * 1982-12-27 1986-11-18 Kempf Paul S Stereo image display using a concave mirror and two contiguous reflecting mirrors
US4856872A (en) * 1986-03-14 1989-08-15 Oculus Optikgeraete Gmbh Attachment for microscopes
US5321447A (en) * 1991-05-04 1994-06-14 Carl-Zeiss-Stiftung Ophthalmoscopic attachment for a surgical microscope
US5282085A (en) * 1991-05-18 1994-01-25 Oculus Optikgeraete Gmbh Stereoscopic microscope including a field-magnifying lens in front of the objective lens
US6304374B1 (en) * 1992-10-27 2001-10-16 Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. Stereomicroscope
US20010010592A1 (en) * 2000-01-27 2001-08-02 Mitaka Kohki Co., Ltd. Stereomicroscope
US6598972B2 (en) * 2000-09-26 2003-07-29 Carl Zeiss-Stiftung Stereomicroscopy system
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Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20050012991A1 (en) * 2003-07-17 2005-01-20 Ulrich Sander Stereoscopic microscope
US7423807B2 (en) * 2003-07-17 2008-09-09 Leica Microsystems (Schweiz) Ag Ophthalmoscopic stereomicroscope with correction component
US20070047070A1 (en) * 2005-08-26 2007-03-01 Ulrich Sander Microscope
US20090059170A1 (en) * 2005-08-26 2009-03-05 Leica Microsystems (Schweiz) Ag Microscope
US7593156B2 (en) 2005-08-26 2009-09-22 Leica Microsystems (Schweiz) Ag Microscope with micro-mirrors for optional deflection and/or beam splitting
US20110032335A1 (en) * 2009-08-07 2011-02-10 Leica Microsystems (Schweiz) Ag Video stereomicroscope
US20110194073A1 (en) * 2010-02-11 2011-08-11 Leica Microsystems (Schweiz) Ag Attachment module for a microscope for observing the fundus of the eye
US8529064B2 (en) 2010-02-11 2013-09-10 Leica Microsystems (Schweiz) Ag Attachment module for a microscope for observing the fundus of the eye
US8556427B2 (en) 2011-04-18 2013-10-15 Leica Microsystems (Schweiz) Ag Operating microscope system

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US20080117501A1 (en) 2008-05-22
JP4744821B2 (ja) 2011-08-10
EP1498761A1 (de) 2005-01-19
DE10332603B4 (de) 2006-04-06
EP1498761B1 (de) 2007-10-10
DE502004005180D1 (de) 2007-11-22
US7489442B2 (en) 2009-02-10
DE10332603A1 (de) 2005-02-17
JP2005037952A (ja) 2005-02-10

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