US20040244710A1 - Cat litter - Google Patents
Cat litter Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20040244710A1 US20040244710A1 US10/886,544 US88654404A US2004244710A1 US 20040244710 A1 US20040244710 A1 US 20040244710A1 US 88654404 A US88654404 A US 88654404A US 2004244710 A1 US2004244710 A1 US 2004244710A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- animal litter
- litter
- starch
- spent
- cat litter
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229920000881 Modified starch Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000001653 FEMA 3120 Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000004552 Yucca aloifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000012044 Yucca brevifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000017049 Yucca glauca Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000005979 Hordeum vulgare Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000007340 Hordeum vulgare Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 108010046334 Urease Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000002700 urine Anatomy 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004368 Modified starch Substances 0.000 claims 4
- 235000019426 modified starch Nutrition 0.000 claims 4
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 claims 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 244000098338 Triticum aestivum Species 0.000 claims 1
- 244000295923 Yucca aloifolia Species 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010828 animal waste Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005549 size reduction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 241000282326 Felis catus Species 0.000 abstract description 31
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000004599 antimicrobial Substances 0.000 description 11
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 241001532059 Yucca Species 0.000 description 7
- 235000019645 odor Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004875 Anti-Odour Agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 4
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000004584 Yucca mohavensis Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 244000110633 Yucca schidigera Species 0.000 description 4
- 235000006012 Yucca schidigera Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000004804 polysaccharides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229930182490 saponin Natural products 0.000 description 4
- 150000007949 saponins Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 235000017709 saponins Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 3
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- GXCLVBGFBYZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]-N-methylprop-2-en-1-amine Chemical compound CN(CCC1=CNC2=C1C=CC=C2)CC=C GXCLVBGFBYZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000014680 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229940088598 enzyme Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000004382 Amylase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 108010065511 Amylases Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000013142 Amylases Human genes 0.000 description 2
- BCZXFFBUYPCTSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium propionate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CCC([O-])=O.CCC([O-])=O BCZXFFBUYPCTSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 241001157779 Scutigera Species 0.000 description 2
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M Sodium bicarbonate-14C Chemical compound [Na+].O[14C]([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000019418 amylase Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004330 calcium propionate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010331 calcium propionate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004464 cereal grain Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001804 emulsifying effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007429 general method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- -1 salt compound Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- JXKPEJDQGNYQSM-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium propionate Chemical compound [Na+].CCC([O-])=O JXKPEJDQGNYQSM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000004324 sodium propionate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010334 sodium propionate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229960003212 sodium propionate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000001674 Agaricus brunnescens Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001353 Dextrin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004375 Dextrin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- FFEARJCKVFRZRR-BYPYZUCNSA-N L-methionine Chemical compound CSCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O FFEARJCKVFRZRR-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010037660 Pyrexia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000282849 Ruminantia Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000209056 Secale Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007238 Secale cereale Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001476 alcoholic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 108090000637 alpha-Amylases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004139 alpha-Amylases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 229940024171 alpha-amylase Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000001014 amino acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003242 anti bacterial agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003466 anti-cipated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000845 anti-microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000617 arabinoxylan Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000004783 arabinoxylans Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 108010019077 beta-Amylase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000003115 biocidal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019425 dextrin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019197 fats Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013373 food additive Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002778 food additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000001035 gastrointestinal tract Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 108091005708 gustatory receptors Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930182817 methionine Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229910000069 nitrogen hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000011837 pasties Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004466 pelleted feed Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 239000001397 quillaja saponaria molina bark Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004936 stimulating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000638 stimulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006188 syrup Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020357 syrup Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
- A01K1/015—Floor coverings, e.g. bedding-down sheets ; Stable floors
- A01K1/0152—Litter
- A01K1/0155—Litter comprising organic material
Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to cat litter and, more particularly, to a cat litter possessing anti-odor and anti-microbial agents which is biodegradable and provides easy cleanup and lessens cat tracking.
- the cat litter industry is filled with a variety of litters that provide, collectively, a non-toxic and naturally safe, biodegradable, odor-eliminating, scented, anti-bacterial litter that clumps in a convenient size for easy disposal and which has little dust and reduces tracking by cats.
- Many litter formulas offer some combination of the aforementioned qualities, however, no litter offers each of these advantages in one litter formula.
- U.S. Pat. No. 5,730,371 issued in the name of Dongieux, Jr. et al. discloses a device and a process for delumping pasty masses in waste materials from paper manufacture.
- U.S. Pat. No. 5,770,138 issued in the name of Yoder discloses a method of making enhanced non-clay granules made from pulp or paper sludge.
- U.S. Pat. No. 4,015,026, issued in the name of Burkwall, Jr. et al. discloses a process for preparing a moist pet food additive, and a resultant pet food.
- U.S. Pat. No. 4,560,527 issued in the name of Harke et al. discloses a method of making agglomerated cellulosic particles using a substantially horizontal rotating drum.
- U.S. Pat. No. Re 28,700 issued in the name of Berger discloses an antibiotic which is active against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and produces growth stimulation and increased feed efficiency in poultry.
- U.S. Pat. No. 5,250,182 issued in the name of Bento et al. discloses a membrane-based process for the recovery of lactic acid and glycerol from a corn thin stillage stream.
- U.S. Pat. No. 5,242,292 issued in the name of Wenger discloses an extruder apparatus for producing sterile pelleted feed product.
- an improved cat litter includes manufacture from modified corn starch, Yucca Schidigera , anti-microbial agents, anti-odor agents, zeolite, distilled dried grains, and sodium bicarbonate for improving the litter density and for improving cost production.
- Modified corn starch is a polysaccharide, which are the most common agents used in providing the cohesiveness, or clumping, of litter when used.
- suitable agents that may additionally be used for clumping are dextrins, maltodetrins, flours, cellulosics, hemicellulosics, and the many varieties of starches.
- Yucca Schidigera is a plant typically found in the desert regions of Arizona, California, Nevada, Utah and Mexico. Among its many properties, the Yucca Schidigera's ability to bind and neutralize ammonia is relevant to the cat litter formula. Natural saponins, which are emulsifying or foaming agents, are found in the leaves of the Yucca Schidigera and are the chemicals responsible for binding and neutralizing the annoying and harmful odors associated with the ammonia formed in the litter after the breakdown of urea, which is found in cat urine.
- the natural saponins may also act to neutralize the odors associated with cat feces, as Yucca Scutigera is also used in animal foods to help neutralize feces odor within the intestinal tract of an animal so that when the feces are passed the odor is less objectionable.
- additional anti-odor agents may be added to further curb the smell generated from waste deposited in the cat litter.
- Anti-microbial agents are also added to help curb the initiation and development of microbes that may be harmful to cat and cat owner, such as molds.
- the anti-microbial agents may come from among sodium propionate, calcium propionate or other known chemicals.
- additional anti-microbial compounds may be included with those already suggested so as to provide maximum protection against the formation of microbes, bacteria or molds.
- the general method of manufacture of the cat litter formula is comprised of a mash distillation process and an extrusion technology process.
- An improved cat litter is provided, according to the present invention, comprised of a composition which includes the following ingredients: polysaccharide (modified corn starch); zeolite; yucca schidegira ; distillers dried grains; salt compound (sodium bicarbonate); and anti-microbial agents.
- polysaccharide modified corn starch
- zeolite modified corn starch
- yucca schidegira distillers dried grains
- salt compound sodium bicarbonate
- anti-microbial agents included in the improved cat litter is manufactured via a mash distillation process to be described in greater detail below.
- each of the aforementioned ingredients may have one or more sub-components.
- the salt compound is preferably sodium bicarbonate, however, potassium carbonate and calcium carbonate are envisioned as being selected alone or in combination.
- Yucca sgorgegira as a natural saponin, is an emulsifying or foaming agent which functions to inhibit urease enzyme action and to prevent the formation of NH 3 (ammonia), thereby binding and neutralizing annoying and harmful odors associated therewith. Yucca sgorgegira further serves to help neutralize feces odor.
- the anti-microbial agents preferably including sodium propionate and calcium propionate, facilitate protection against the formation of microbes, bacteria, or molds.
- Zeolite is a natural mineral consisting of silica and alumina. Zeolite has a unique interconnecting lattice structure arranged to form a honeycomb framework of consistent diameter interconnecting channels and pores. Negatively-charged alumina building blocks and neutrally-charged silica building blocks are stacked thereby producing an open, three dimensional honeycomb framework. Odors and gases such as ammonia are attracted to and trapped within the zeolite crystalline structure. Zeolite also adsorbs and desorbs water, thus eliminating and preventing mildew formation.
- Modified corn starch is a polysaccharide which serves in the production of alcohol and provides cohesiveness, or clumping of litter. While other cereal grains such as wheat, barley, and rye may be selected, modified corn starch is preferred. In addition, other suitable agents facilitating occlusivity or clumping may include a mixture of detrins, maltodetrins, flours, and arabinoxylans.
- the general method of manufacture is comprised of a mash distillation process which includes grinding corn into a coarse modified flour called meal.
- the meal is mixed with water and a malt enzyme, preferably alpha-amylase, and is passed through cookers where starch is liquefied. Heat is applied to enable liquefaction using cookers with a high temperature stage and a lower temperature holding period, wherein a mash product is produced.
- the high temperature stage facilitates reduced bacteria levels in the mash product.
- the mash product is then cooled and an additional malt enzyme is added to convert liquefied starch to fermentable sugars.
- the additional malt enzyme selected includes gluc amylase and beta-amylase, however, gluc amylase is preferred.
- Yeast preferably saccharomyces cerevisiae
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae is the preferred yeast species because it facilitates quick, efficient production of alcohol and possesses a high alcoholic concentration tolerance.
- Fermented mash results and is sent to distillation, wherein ethanol is extracted, leaving spent mash.
- the spent mash is centrifuged, where liquid is separated therefrom.
- the liquid, or stillage is reintroduced into the cooking system and sold as livestock feed, or is partially dehydrated into a syrup.
- the aforementioned mash distillation process is executed under controlled pH being adjusted and readjusted in a suitable manner as is commonly practiced in such industry.
- the mash distillation process creates two main co-products in the production of ethanol, namely carbon dioxide and distillers grains.
- the distillers grains are rich in protein, fat, minerals, vitamins, and amino acids, and thus serve as a highly valued livestock feed ingredient.
- centrifuged spent mash (distillers dried grains) is suitably dried into a powder to which the following ingredients are added to form a litter product: modified corn starch, zeolite, yucca schidegira , sodium bicarbonate, and anti-microbial agents.
- the litter product is suitably dried to a powder and is processed through a pelletizer via an extrusion technology process so as to form particles each having a size approximating the size of a grain of wheat. The particles are then bagged and sealed.
- the following example represents the general formulation for the improved cat litter of the present invention.
- user simply opens the improved cat litter from its sealed packaging and pours a suitable volume thereof within a container fabricated of a material specifically adapted for use as an animal litter storage receptacle.
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Housing For Livestock And Birds (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
A cat litter product is provided and includes manufacture primarily from modified corn starch which is processed through mash distillation. The litter product is pelletized via an extrusion technology process so as to form particles the size of wheat grain. The litter product provides, collectively, a non-toxic and naturally safe, biodegradable, odor-eliminating, scented, anti-bacterial litter that clumps in a convenient size for easy disposal and which has little dust and reduces tracking by cats.
Description
- This application is a division of U.S. application Ser. No.10/264,223, filed on Oct. 03, 2002, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/405,872, filed on Aug. 26, 2002.
- 1. Field of the Invention
- The present invention relates generally to cat litter and, more particularly, to a cat litter possessing anti-odor and anti-microbial agents which is biodegradable and provides easy cleanup and lessens cat tracking.
- 2. Description of the Related Art
- The cat litter industry is filled with a variety of litters that provide, collectively, a non-toxic and naturally safe, biodegradable, odor-eliminating, scented, anti-bacterial litter that clumps in a convenient size for easy disposal and which has little dust and reduces tracking by cats. Many litter formulas offer some combination of the aforementioned qualities, however, no litter offers each of these advantages in one litter formula.
- Accordingly, a need has arisen for an improved cat litter formula offering the aforementioned advantages in one comparably priced formula. The development of the improved cat litter fulfills this need.
- A search of the prior art did not disclose any patents that read directly on the claims of the instant invention; however, the following references were considered related.
- The following patents disclose mushroom spawn formulations: U.S. Pat. No. 6,073,388, issued in the name of Kananen et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 6,029,394, issued in the name of Kananen et al.; and U.S. Pat. No. 6,041,544, issued in the name of Kananen et al.
- The following patents disclose litterbox fillers: U.S. Pat. No. 4,721,059, issued in the name of Lowe et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 5,230,305, issued in the name of House; U.S. Pat. No. 6,216,634 B1, issued in the name of Kent et al.; and U.S. Pat. No. 5,690,052, issued in the name of Sladek.
- The following patents disclose alcohol production and recovery processes: U.S. Pat. No. 5,416,245, issued in the name of MacGregor et al.; and U.S. Pat. No. 4,309,254, issued in the name of Dahlstrom et al.
- The following patents disclose a process of supplying methionine to a ruminant: U.S. Pat. No. 3,968,253, issued in the name of Bertram et al.; and U.S. Pat. No. 4,044,169, issued in the name of Bertram et al.
- U.S. Pat. No. 5,730,371 issued in the name of Dongieux, Jr. et al. discloses a device and a process for delumping pasty masses in waste materials from paper manufacture.
- U.S. Pat. No. 5,770,138, issued in the name of Yoder discloses a method of making enhanced non-clay granules made from pulp or paper sludge.
- U.S. Pat. No. 4,015,026, issued in the name of Burkwall, Jr. et al. discloses a process for preparing a moist pet food additive, and a resultant pet food.
- U.S. Pat. No. 4,560,527, issued in the name of Harke et al. discloses a method of making agglomerated cellulosic particles using a substantially horizontal rotating drum.
- U.S. Pat. No. Re 28,700, issued in the name of Berger discloses an antibiotic which is active against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and produces growth stimulation and increased feed efficiency in poultry.
- U.S. Pat. No. 5,003,995, issued in the name of Kersey discloses compositions and articles for stimulating taste receptors.
- U.S. Pat. No. 5,360,823, issued in the name of Griffel, Jr. et al. discloses an anionic salt formulation for milk fever.
- U.S. Pat. No. 5,250,182, issued in the name of Bento et al. discloses a membrane-based process for the recovery of lactic acid and glycerol from a corn thin stillage stream.
- U.S. Pat. No. 5,242,292, issued in the name of Wenger discloses an extruder apparatus for producing sterile pelleted feed product.
- And, U.S. Pat. No. 4,828,846, issued in the name of Raco et al. discloses a human food product produced from dried distillers spent cereal grains and solubles.
- Consequently, a need has been felt for a cat litter possessing anti-odor and anti-microbial agents which is biodegradable and provides easy cleanup and lessens cat tracking.
- Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to provide an improved cat litter that is non-toxic and naturally safe.
- It is another object of the present invention to provide an improved cat litter that is biodegradable.
- It is another object of the present invention to provide an improved cat litter that is odor-eliminating.
- It is another object of the present invention to provide an improved cat litter that is scented.
- It is another object of the present invention to provide an improved cat litter having anti-microbial agents.
- It is another object of the present invention to provide an improved cat litter that clumps in a convenient size for easy disposal and which has little dust and reduces tracking by cats.
- It is another object of the present invention to provide an improved cat litter which includes manufacture from modified corn starch.
- Briefly described according to one embodiment of the present invention, an improved cat litter is provided and includes manufacture from modified corn starch,Yucca Schidigera, anti-microbial agents, anti-odor agents, zeolite, distilled dried grains, and sodium bicarbonate for improving the litter density and for improving cost production.
- Modified corn starch is a polysaccharide, which are the most common agents used in providing the cohesiveness, or clumping, of litter when used. Among the suitable agents that may additionally be used for clumping are dextrins, maltodetrins, flours, cellulosics, hemicellulosics, and the many varieties of starches.
-
- Anti-microbial agents are also added to help curb the initiation and development of microbes that may be harmful to cat and cat owner, such as molds. The anti-microbial agents may come from among sodium propionate, calcium propionate or other known chemicals. In addition to the agents suggested, additional anti-microbial compounds may be included with those already suggested so as to provide maximum protection against the formation of microbes, bacteria or molds.
- The general method of manufacture of the cat litter formula is comprised of a mash distillation process and an extrusion technology process.
- An improved cat litter is provided, according to the present invention, comprised of a composition which includes the following ingredients: polysaccharide (modified corn starch); zeolite;yucca schidegira; distillers dried grains; salt compound (sodium bicarbonate); and anti-microbial agents. The distillers dried grains utilized in the improved cat litter is manufactured via a mash distillation process to be described in greater detail below.
- Each of the aforementioned ingredients may have one or more sub-components. For example, the salt compound is preferably sodium bicarbonate, however, potassium carbonate and calcium carbonate are envisioned as being selected alone or in combination.
-
- The anti-microbial agents, preferably including sodium propionate and calcium propionate, facilitate protection against the formation of microbes, bacteria, or molds.
- Zeolite is a natural mineral consisting of silica and alumina. Zeolite has a unique interconnecting lattice structure arranged to form a honeycomb framework of consistent diameter interconnecting channels and pores. Negatively-charged alumina building blocks and neutrally-charged silica building blocks are stacked thereby producing an open, three dimensional honeycomb framework. Odors and gases such as ammonia are attracted to and trapped within the zeolite crystalline structure. Zeolite also adsorbs and desorbs water, thus eliminating and preventing mildew formation.
- Modified corn starch is a polysaccharide which serves in the production of alcohol and provides cohesiveness, or clumping of litter. While other cereal grains such as wheat, barley, and rye may be selected, modified corn starch is preferred. In addition, other suitable agents facilitating occlusivity or clumping may include a mixture of detrins, maltodetrins, flours, and arabinoxylans.
- In practicing the present invention, the general method of manufacture is comprised of a mash distillation process which includes grinding corn into a coarse modified flour called meal. The meal is mixed with water and a malt enzyme, preferably alpha-amylase, and is passed through cookers where starch is liquefied. Heat is applied to enable liquefaction using cookers with a high temperature stage and a lower temperature holding period, wherein a mash product is produced. The high temperature stage facilitates reduced bacteria levels in the mash product. The mash product is then cooled and an additional malt enzyme is added to convert liquefied starch to fermentable sugars. The additional malt enzyme selected includes gluc amylase and beta-amylase, however, gluc amylase is preferred. Yeast, preferablysaccharomyces cerevisiae, is then added in order to ferment the sugars to ethanol and carbon dioxide. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is the preferred yeast species because it facilitates quick, efficient production of alcohol and possesses a high alcoholic concentration tolerance. Fermented mash results and is sent to distillation, wherein ethanol is extracted, leaving spent mash. The spent mash is centrifuged, where liquid is separated therefrom. The liquid, or stillage, is reintroduced into the cooking system and sold as livestock feed, or is partially dehydrated into a syrup. The aforementioned mash distillation process is executed under controlled pH being adjusted and readjusted in a suitable manner as is commonly practiced in such industry.
- The mash distillation process creates two main co-products in the production of ethanol, namely carbon dioxide and distillers grains. The distillers grains are rich in protein, fat, minerals, vitamins, and amino acids, and thus serve as a highly valued livestock feed ingredient.
- Next, centrifuged spent mash (distillers dried grains) is suitably dried into a powder to which the following ingredients are added to form a litter product: modified corn starch, zeolite,yucca schidegira, sodium bicarbonate, and anti-microbial agents. The litter product is suitably dried to a powder and is processed through a pelletizer via an extrusion technology process so as to form particles each having a size approximating the size of a grain of wheat. The particles are then bagged and sealed.
- The following example represents the general formulation for the improved cat litter of the present invention.
INGREDIENTS COMPOSITION BY WEIGHT Polysaccharide 19.5-21%, preferably 20.00% (Modified Corn Starch) Zeolite 4.5-5.5%, preferably 5.00% Yucca Schidegira 0.15-0.25%, preferably 0.20% Distillers Dried Grains 71.50-71.75%, preferably 71.70% Sodium Bicarbonate 2.95-3.05%, preferably 3.00% Anti-microbial Agents 0.085-0.105%, preferably 0.10% - To use the present invention, user simply opens the improved cat litter from its sealed packaging and pours a suitable volume thereof within a container fabricated of a material specifically adapted for use as an animal litter storage receptacle.
- Therefore, the foregoing description is included to illustrate the operation of the preferred embodiment and is not meant to limit the scope of the invention. As one can envision, an individual skilled in the relevant art, in conjunction with the present teachings, would be capable of incorporating many minor modifications that are anticipated within this disclosure. The foregoing descriptions of specific embodiments of the present invention have been presented for purposes of illustration and description. They are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed, and obviously many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and its practical application, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention and various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the Claims appended hereto and their equivalents. Therefore, the scope of the invention is to be broadly limited only by the following Claims.
Claims (8)
1. An animal litter consisting essentially of:
spent distillers' grain substantially removed of starch;
modified starch, wherein said combination of spent distiller's grain and modified starch form particles tending to agglomerate when wetted;
yucca schidegira to inhibit urease enzyme from converting urine to ammonia, thereby neutralizing ammonia production; and
zeolite for binding ammonia and water, thereby neutralizing ammonia production and mildew formation.
2. The animal litter of claim 1 , further comprising a density increasing agent.
3. The animal litter of claim 2 , wherein said density increasing agent comprises calcium carbonate.
4. The animal litter of claim 1 , wherein said composition is extruded and pelletized to form granules.
5. The animal litter of claim 4 , wherein said granules form particles tending to self reduce in size to a size that remains acceptable for use in absorption and clumping of animal waste without further mechanical size reduction.
6. The animal litter of claim 1 , wherein said modified starch is modified to improve mixing and processing characteristcs.
7. The animal litter of claim 6 , wherein said modified starch is gelatenized starch.
8. The animal litter of claim 1 , wherein said spent distillers grain is selected from the group consisting of wheat, corn, rice, barley, and a combination of said grains.
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US10/886,544 US20040244710A1 (en) | 2002-08-26 | 2004-07-09 | Cat litter |
US11/126,732 US7089882B1 (en) | 2004-07-09 | 2005-05-12 | Cat litter |
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US40587202P | 2002-08-26 | 2002-08-26 | |
US10/264,223 US6817315B1 (en) | 2002-08-26 | 2002-10-03 | Cat litter |
US10/886,544 US20040244710A1 (en) | 2002-08-26 | 2004-07-09 | Cat litter |
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US10/264,223 Division US6817315B1 (en) | 2002-08-26 | 2002-10-03 | Cat litter |
US10/886,545 Continuation-In-Part US7478610B2 (en) | 2002-08-26 | 2004-07-09 | Cat litter |
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US11/126,732 Continuation-In-Part US7089882B1 (en) | 2004-07-09 | 2005-05-12 | Cat litter |
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US10/886,544 Abandoned US20040244710A1 (en) | 2002-08-26 | 2004-07-09 | Cat litter |
US10/886,545 Expired - Fee Related US7478610B2 (en) | 2002-08-26 | 2004-07-09 | Cat litter |
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US10/264,223 Expired - Lifetime US6817315B1 (en) | 2002-08-26 | 2002-10-03 | Cat litter |
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US10/886,545 Expired - Fee Related US7478610B2 (en) | 2002-08-26 | 2004-07-09 | Cat litter |
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US (3) | US6817315B1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2003290199A1 (en) |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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AU2003290199A8 (en) | 2004-03-11 |
US7478610B2 (en) | 2009-01-20 |
AU2003290199A1 (en) | 2004-03-11 |
US20050000464A1 (en) | 2005-01-06 |
US6817315B1 (en) | 2004-11-16 |
WO2004017721A2 (en) | 2004-03-04 |
WO2004017721A3 (en) | 2004-11-18 |
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