US20040113246A1

US20040113246A1 - Method of packaging at a wafer level

Info

Publication number: US20040113246A1
Application number: US10/722,838
Authority: US
Inventors: Suan Boon
Original assignee: Micron Technology Inc
Current assignee: Micron Technology Inc
Priority date: 2000-02-16
Filing date: 2003-11-26
Publication date: 2004-06-17
Also published as: US7808112B2; US20040104486A1; US7943422B2; US20060261493A1; US7646102B2; US20060255475A1; US20060258052A1; US7812447B2; US6710454B1; US20060261475A1

Abstract

Methods for producing a flip chip package by prepackaging one or more dice on a semiconductor wafer are provided. An embodiment of the method includes applying an adhesive to a first side of a finished wafer, where a number of dice are located. The active layer of the dice is on the first side of the finished wafer. The method further includes forming an array of conductive elements within the adhesive, where the array of conductive elements is electrically coupled to an array of connection pads on a die. The wafer can be diced to provide pre-packaged chips. To provide greater mounting densities, two or more dice may be coupled before application of the adhesive layer.

Description

This application is a Divisional of U.S. application Ser. No. 09/505,018, filed Feb. 16, 2000, which is incorporated herein by reference.[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD

This invention relates generally to packaging of semiconductor devices and, more specifically, to an improved flip chip package and method of pre-packaging a flip chip.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

As demand for smaller, more powerful electronic devices grows, semiconductor manufacturers are constantly attempting to reduce the size and cost of not only semiconductor devices themselves but also semiconductor packaging. Smaller packages equate with higher semiconductor mounting densities and higher mounting densities allow for more compact and yet more capable devices.

With conventional packaging methods, a semiconductor die or “chip” is singulated from the silicon wafer and is encapsulated in a ceramic or plastic package having a number of electrical leads extending therefrom. The leads permit electrical connection between external components and the circuits on the die. Although these packages have proven reliable, they are generally many times larger than the actual die. In addition, the configuration of these packages typically yields only a limited number of leads. For these reasons, conventional packaging techniques are not particularly adaptable to high density packaging.

Accordingly, more efficient chip packages have been developed. One such package is the “pin grid array” or PGA which utilizes a series of pin conductors extending from the face of the package. While PGAs provide increased electrical interconnection density, the pins forming the PGA are fragile and easily bent. In addition, the PGA is relatively expensive to produce and of limited value when the package is to be permanently mounted.

Similar to the PGA are various flip chip packages including the “ball grid array” or BGA. Instead of pins, the BGA has an array of solder bumps or balls attached to the active face of the package in a process called “bumping.” The array of solder bumps is adapted to mate with discreet contacts on a receiving component. The package may be subsequently heated to partially liquefy or “reflow” the bumps, thus forming electrical connections at the discreet locations. This technology is frequently referred to as “flip chip” because the solder balls are typically secured to the semiconductor package wherein the package is then “flipped” to secure it to the receiving component. The present invention is directed primarily to flip chip packaging technology and the remainder of this discussion will focus on the same.

While flip chip processes have proven effective, problems remain. For instance, conventional flip chip technology requires an underfill layer between the semiconductor package and the receiving substrate. The underfill material reduces stress on the solder bumps caused by thermal mismatch between the semiconductor package and substrate. The underfill layer further provides insulation between the device and substrate and prevents creep flow at the solder interface. Without the underfill layer, repeated thermal cycling constantly stresses the solder interconnections, potentially leading to failure.

Unfortunately, the underfill process is time consuming and expensive. For example, the equipment used to dispense the underfill must precisely maintain the viscosity of the material, dispensing it at a particular flow rate and within a predetermined temperature range. Further, the underfill process cannot be applied until the package is secured to its receiving substrate. Accordingly, the chip package and substrate design must permit the dispensing equipment direct access to the package/substrate interface. And still further, since the underfill material is distributed via capillary action, the time required to complete the underfill operation can be significant.

One method which avoids the use of underfill material involves the use of a resilient retaining member which supports a series of solder preforms therein. The retaining member is sandwiched between conductive elements such that the preforms effect electrical connection therebetween. Like underfill, however, the retaining member/solder preform is only utilized during actual surface mounting of individual chips.

While underfill processes as well as retaining member/preforms are more than adequate in many applications, current trends in IC fabrication favor completing more and more process steps—many of which would not normally occur until after die singulation—at the wafer level. Wafer level processing is advantageous over conventional methods as it allows multiple ICs (equal to the number of die on the wafer face) to be processed simultaneously rather than serially as typically required after die singulation. Accordingly, the time required to produce a given IC device can be dramatically reduced.

While some processes lend themselves to wafer level processing, known packaging methods such as underfill and retaining member/preform methods unfortunately do not. Thus, what is needed is a flip chip package that can be assembled at wafer level. What is further needed is a package that avoids the problems with underfill materials including troublesome dispensing and assembly cycle times. The present invention is directed to a package and method that addresses these issues.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

To address these problems, an electronic apparatus was devised that, in one embodiment, includes a first semiconductor device having a first side and an opposing second side. The first side of the first device includes a first array of connection pads. Also included is a flip chip adhesive layer covering the first side. The adhesive layer has a first array of openings extending through the layer where the first array of openings is substantially aligned with the first array of connection pads. The apparatus further includes an electrically conductive material substantially filling the first array of openings.

Another embodiment relates to a method of packaging a die at wafer level. The method includes applying a flip chip adhesive to a first side of a finished wafer, the wafer having at least one die thereon. An array of openings is then created in the adhesive. The array of openings provides access to an array of connection pads on each die. The array of openings is then substantially filled with an electrically conductive material.

In yet another embodiment, an electronic apparatus is provided having a first semiconductor device and a second semiconductor device. The first semiconductor device has a first side and a second side where the first side includes a first array of connection pads. The second semiconductor device also has a first side comprising a second array of connection pads. The second side of the first semiconductor device is coupled to the first side of the second semiconductor device such that the second array of connection pads is adjacent the first array of connection pads.

In still yet another embodiment, a semiconductor wafer is provided. The wafer includes at least one die formed on a face of the wafer where the die has an array of connection pads electrically coupled to circuits on the die. Furthermore, the wafer includes an adhesive layer covering the face of the wafer. The adhesive layer has an array of openings where the array of openings are adapted to provide access to the array of connection pads.

A method of packaging two or more semiconductor devices is also provided. In this embodiment, a second side of a first semiconductor device is attached to a first side of a second semiconductor device such that a first array of connection pads located on a first side of the first semiconductor device is adjacent to a second array of electrical connection pads located on the first side of the second semiconductor device. An adhesive layer is applied over the first side of the first semiconductor device and the first side of the second semiconductor device.

An electronic system is provided in still yet another embodiment. The system includes a processor and a pre-packaged flip chip. The pre-packaged flip chip includes a first semiconductor device having a first side and a second side where the first side comprises a first array of connection pads. In addition, the pre-packaged flip chip includes a second semiconductor device also having a first side comprising a second array of connection pads. The second side of the first semiconductor device is coupled to the first side of the second semiconductor device such that the second array of connection pads is adjacent the first array of connection pads. An adhesive layer covers the first side of the first semiconductor device and the first side of the second semiconductor device. The adhesive layer has an array of openings substantially aligned with one or more connection pads of either the first array of connection pads or the second array of connection pads. A conductive material substantially fills the array of openings.

Further embodiments of the invention include apparatus and methods of varying scope.

Advantageously, the apparatus and methods of the various embodiments avoid time-consuming underfill operations by prepackaging a die or dice at wafer level. By packaging the die at wafer level, greater manufacturing efficiencies are obtainable due to simultaneous processing of multiple dice across the entire wafer face. In addition, various embodiments are also particularly amenable to pre-packaging multiple chips in a single module, permitting semiconductor packages having increased electronic densities. Since these multi-chip modules can also be packaged at wafer level, similar manufacturing economies are realized.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a pre-packaged flip chip in accordance with one embodiment, the chip shown attached to a substrate; [0020]
FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of the flip chip of FIG. 1; [0021]
FIG. 3 is a partial cut-away perspective view of an active side of a pre-packaged flip chip in accordance with one embodiment (some section lines removed for clarity); [0022]
FIG. 4 is section view taken along line [0023] 4-4 of FIG. 3 illustrating one embodiment (some section lines removed for clarity);
FIG. 5 is another section view taken along line [0024] 4-4 of FIG. 3 illustrating another embodiment (some section lines removed for clarity);
FIG. 6 is another section view taken along line [0025] 4-4 of FIG. 3 illustrating yet another embodiment (some section lines removed for clarity);
FIG. 7 is another section view taken along line [0026] 4-4 of FIG. 3 illustrating still yet another embodiment (some section lines removed for clarity);
FIGS. [0027] 8A-8I illustrate wafers at various processing stages according to one embodiment;
FIG. 9 is a partial cut-away perspective view of a pre-packaged flip chip in accordance with another embodiment (some section lines removed for clarity); [0028]
FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a substrate for receiving the pre-packaged flip chip of FIG. 9; [0029]
FIG. 11 is a section view taken along line [0030] 10-10 of FIG. 9 illustrating one embodiment of the flip chip of FIG. 9 (some section lines removed for clarity);
FIG. 12 is another section view taken along line [0031] 10-10 of FIG. 9 illustrating another embodiment of the flip chip of FIG. 9 (some section lines removed for clarity);
FIGS. [0032] 13A-13K illustrate wafers at various processing stages according to another embodiment (some section lines removed for clarity); and
FIG. 14 illustrates an electronic system incorporating the pre-packaged flip chip in accordance with one embodiment. [0033]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

In the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments, reference is made to the accompanying drawings which form a part hereof, and in which is shown by way of illustration specific embodiments in which the inventions may be practiced. These embodiments are described in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to practice the invention, and it is to be understood that other embodiments may be utilized and that process, electrical or mechanical changes may be made without departing from the scope of the present invention. [0034]
The terms wafer and substrate used in the following description include any base semiconductor structure. Both are to be understood as including silicon-on-sapphire (SOS) technology, silicon-on-insulator (SOI) technology, thin film transistor (TFT) technology, doped and undoped semiconductors, epitaxial layers of a silicon supported by a base semiconductor structure, as well as other semiconductor structures well known to one skilled in the art. Furthermore, when reference is made to a wafer or substrate in the following description, previous process steps may have been utilized to form regions/junctions in the base semiconductor structure, and terms wafer or substrate include the underlying layers containing such regions/junctions. The following detailed description is, therefore, not to be taken in a limiting sense, and the scope of the present invention is defined only by the appended claims and their equivalents. [0035]
Broadly speaking, the instant invention is directed to a “pre-packaged” flip chip integrated circuit (IC) device and method for producing the same. Unlike conventional flip chip packages, the pre-packaged IC described herein eliminates the need for underfill operations by forming a flip chip adhesive layer on the package prior to surface mounting. To maximize throughput, the adhesive layer is, in one embodiment, applied at the wafer level. In this way, multiple dice (as many as the wafer provides) can be processed substantially simultaneously. Further, by packaging the die at wafer level, the bare die is handled less often than with conventional packaging operations, thus reducing the opportunity for damage. [0036]
Once the adhesive layer is applied, it is processed to produce one or more holes or openings therethrough. In one embodiment, the openings are produced by exposing and patterning a selected photoresist layer and then chemically etching exposed portions of the adhesive layer to produce the openings. However, other methods of creating the openings are also contemplated. [0037]
The function of the openings is to provide access to connection pads on the face of the IC device. An electrically conductive material is then deposited into the openings in accordance with various methods as further discussed below. The pre-packaged flip chip is then ready for surface mounting to a receiving component which, for simplicity, will hereinafter be referred to as a support. Examples of a support would include a die attach area of a printed circuit board (PCB) or other device. The electrically conductive material is then re-flowed to interconnect the circuits on the IC to conductors on the support. [0038]
By prepackaging the flip chip, messy, expensive, and time-consuming underfill operations are avoided. In addition, by utilizing various embodiments of the invention, the die may be packaged at wafer level, allowing greater manufacturing efficiencies including simultaneous packaging of multiple dice. Furthermore, as described below, the invention lends itself to multi-chip configurations, permitting packages having even greater mounting densities. [0039]
With this brief introduction, specific embodiments of the instant invention will now be described. Although the description focuses on particular embodiments, the reader is reminded that such embodiments are exemplary only and are therefore intended merely to teach one of skill in the art how to make and use the invention. Other embodiments are certainly possible without departing from the scope of the invention. [0040]
FIGS. [0041] 1-3 show an electronic apparatus such as an IC package 100 according to one embodiment of the invention. The terms “IC package” and “pre-packaged flip chip” are used throughout the specification to refer to an IC device with its protective package and lead system that allows surface mounting of the device to other electronic components such as a receiving support 102. In the context of chip scale devices (CSD), the IC device will hereinafter be described as a semiconductor device such as a chip or die 104 having a first or active side 105 (see FIG. 3) and a second or back side 103. The active side 105 has an array of electrical connection points or “pads” 107 (see FIG. 3) which allow electrical coupling to the electronic circuits 101 on the die 104. The pads are coupled directly to the circuits or, alternatively, coupled to redistribution traces formed in the die 104 which themselves then connect to the circuits. The pads 107 operatively couple to an array of mating conductors 109 on the support 102 (see FIG. 2) via conductive elements 112 (see FIG. 3) as further discussed below.
FIG. 1 shows a flip chip [0042] adhesive layer 106 between the die 104 and the support 102. The adhesive layer insulates the conductive elements and prevents damage caused by repeated thermal cycling. For clarity, the adhesive layer 106 is partially removed in FIG. 3 to illustrate the pads 107 on the die surface 105. The adhesive layer 106 bonds or otherwise adheres to the die surface 105 to form the package 100.
One exemplary embodiment of the [0043] pre-packaged flip chip 100 is shown in FIG. 3. Here the die 104 is shown with the adhesive layer 106 attached to form the package 100. To provide electrical interconnection to the pads 107 on the die, the adhesive layer 106 includes an array of holes or openings 108 which are substantially aligned with the pads 107 (note that while the holes 108 are shown as rectangular, other shapes are equally within the scope of the invention). That is, when the adhesive layer 106 is attached, the pads 107 are accessible through the openings 108. The adhesive layer further defines a support mating surface 110 which is adapted to adhere to the support 102 (see FIG. 2) as further described below.
The [0044] adhesive layer 106 is, in one embodiment, an elastomer applied in fluid form (i.e., applied “wet”) where the fluid is subsequently hardened or cured, or alternatively, in tape-like or film form (i.e., applied “dry”). In one embodiment, the adhesive layer comprises a thermoplastic material that repeatedly becomes sticky under application of heat. In this case, the transition temperature of the thermoplastic material is selected to ensure the material does not soften during solder reflow or other subsequent processing. In another embodiment, the adhesive layer is a thermoset material that permanently sets after initial curing. Alternatively, the thermoset material is a “B-stageable” material (i.e., having an intermediate stage in which the material remains wholly or partially plastic and fusible so that it softens when heated). In still yet another embodiment, the adhesive layer is a pressure-sensitive film that adheres upon contact or under slight application of pressure.
The material used to form the [0045] adhesive layer 106 is selected to adequately protect the flip chip package 100 and the support 102 as the two components experience differential expansion during thermal cycling. In one embodiment, the layer is selected to provide a high modulus, effectively fastening the package 100 to the support 102 and significantly prohibiting relative expansion. In another embodiment, the layer 106 is selected to provide a low modulus to allow the package 102 to expand at a different rate than the support without overstressing either the support 102 or the package 100.
To form the [0046] openings 108, various methods are used. For example, where the adhesive layer 106 comprises a film, the openings 108 are formed therein by photo-chemical etching, laser cutting, die cutting, or other techniques. One advantage to the film-type adhesive layer 106 is that the openings 108 may be formed, if desired, prior to assembly with the die 104. By then precisely locating the adhesive layer 106 in registration with the die 104, the pre-cut openings 108 are properly aligned with the pads 107 on the die surface 105.
Alternatively, the [0047] openings 108 are formed in the adhesive layer 106 after assembly to the die 104. This method lends itself to use with either the film-type adhesive or the wet adhesive. With post-formation of the openings 108, the material used to form the adhesive layer 106 is selected so that the openings 108 can be formed using standard photolithographic techniques.
Still referring to FIG. 3, each [0048] opening 108 has a conductive material therein which allows electrical connection through the adhesive layer 106 to the pads 107 on the die surface 105. For simplicity, the conductive material is hereinafter referred to as solder element 112. However, those skilled in the art will realize that a variety of conductive materials (e.g., lead-based and lead-free solders, conductive polymers, conductive pastes, etc.) is usable without departing from the scope of the invention.
The [0049] solder elements 112, as described below, take various forms including cylindrical or column-shaped structures 112′ (see FIGS. 4-6) and sphere-shaped or ball-like structures 112″ (see FIG. 7). FIG. 4 shows one embodiment of the solder element 112 wherein the element forms a solder column 112′ that is slightly recessed from the mating surface 110. In this particular embodiment, the adhesive layer 106 includes a chamfer 114 in the vicinity of the opening 108. The chamfer 114 and recessed column 112′ are particularly advantageous for surface mounting methods which utilize solder paste or flux on the receiving support 102 (see FIG. 2). When the package 100 is surface mounted, any excess paste/flux is accommodated by the void defined by the chamfer 114 and recessed column 112′ rather than spreading across the surface 110 where it can interfere with adhesion of the surface 110 to the support 102 (see FIG. 2).
FIG. 4 further illustrates an optional [0050] protective coating 116 applied to the back side 103 of the die 104. The coating 116 may be an epoxy or other similar material that hardens to protect the back side 103 which would otherwise be exposed after surface mounting as shown in FIG. 1. Additionally, the coating 116 may a single- or multi-layer material, e.g., an adhesive or adhesive-coated film, that is mounted or laminated to the back side 103 of the die 104.
Other embodiments are also possible. For example, in FIG. 5, the conductive material once again forms a [0051] solder column 112′. However, in this particular embodiment, the column 112′ has a generally convex-shaped head 118 that extends beyond or protrudes from the surface 110. The solder column 112′ is heated sufficiently to become gel-like during surface mounting. When the package is brought into registration with the support 102 (see FIG. 2), the heads 118 wet the support conductors 109 (see FIG. 2) while the surface 110 bonds to the support 102 (see FIG. 2).
In still another embodiment such as that shown in FIG. 6, the [0052] solder columns 112′ are substantially flush with the surface 110. This particular configuration is advantageous when utilizing a pressure sensitive adhesive layer 106 (i.e., an adhesive layer 106 that comprises a flexible tape which adheres to the support under application of pressure). Because, the solder columns 112′ are flush to the surface 110, the adhesive layer 106 makes consistent, uniform contact with the support 102 (see FIG. 2). Once secured to the support 102, the package is heated to reflow the columns 112′ and form the required electrical interconnection.
The [0053] solder columns 112′ are advantageous as the column height can be adjusted to correspond to the desired adhesive layer 106 thickness. Further, the columns are able to deflect and twist to accommodate relative motion between the die 104 and the support 102.
While the above-described embodiments utilize [0054] solder columns 112′, still yet another embodiment utilizes solder balls 112″ as generally shown in FIG. 7. Like the embodiments described in FIGS. 4-6, the solder balls 112″ can be recessed within the surface 110, protrude therefrom, or be relatively flush thereto. The solder balls 112″ are advantageous in that they are cost-efficient to produce and capable of being handled by most semiconductor processing machines. While not shown herein, the solder columns 112′ are, in one embodiment, formed by stacked solder balls 112″.
Having described various exemplary embodiments of the [0055] pre-packaged flip chip 100, a method for producing the package will now be described in accordance with one exemplary embodiment. In describing the method, only those processes necessary for one of ordinary skill in the art to understand the invention are described in detail. Other fabrication processes that are well known or are unnecessary for a complete understanding of the invention are excluded.
As mentioned above, various embodiments of the invention are perceived to be particularly advantageous for pre-packaging dice at wafer level. Generally speaking, the method, according to one embodiment, comprises applying an adhesive layer to an entire side of a semiconductor wafer (see generally FIG. 8C) wherein the wafer comprises numerous dice thereon. As described above, the adhesive layer either includes or is modifiable to include openings having conductive elements therein. The adhesive layer adheres to each die on the wafer such that a conductive element is aligned and in contact with each pad on each die. The die is then singulated from the wafer to produce a [0056] pre-package flip chip 100 as shown in FIG. 3 and discussed above.
With this general introduction, an exemplary method of making the pre-packaged flip chip in accordance is now described with reference to FIGS. [0057] 8A-8I. FIG. 8A shows a finished wafer 800 (i.e., a wafer that has substantially completed all fabrication processes) having a first or active side or face 802 and a second or back side 804. Located on the wafer 800 is an array of dice 806. Each die 806 has an array of conductive pads 808 as shown in FIG. 8B. The pads 808 permit electrical connection to circuits on each die 806.
FIG. 8C illustrates an [0058] adhesive layer 810 placed over the active side 802 of the wafer 800. In one embodiment, the adhesive layer 810 comprises an adhesive film 810′ that bonds to the wafer 800. In another embodiment, the adhesive layer 810 comprises a fluid 810″ applied wet via a dispensing apparatus 812 and evenly distributed over the first side 802. The fluid 810″, in one embodiment, forms a layer that is hardenable via curing. By controlling the viscosity and volume of the adhesive liquid 810″ dispensed, the thickness of the adhesive layer 810 is controlled. In one embodiment, the wafer 800 is spun to more evenly distribute the liquid adhesive 810″. The wafer 800 emerges with a uniform adhesive layer 810 covering the entire active side 802.
To protect the [0059] back side 804 of the wafer 800, the latter is, in one embodiment, flipped and a protective coating 814 applied to the back side 804. In one embodiment, the protective coating 814 comprises a film 814′ that bonds to the wafer 800. In another embodiment, the protective coating 814 comprises a fluid 814″ applied wet via another dispensing apparatus 816 and evenly distributed over the back side 804 (while the apparatus 816 is shown diagrammatically beneath the wafer 800, it would actually be oriented above the wafer during dispensing).
Once the [0060] adhesive layer 810 is applied, it is—in one embodiment—cured to securely bond it to the wafer 800. Curing may occur via the application of energy such as heat, light, or radiation (as shown by an energy source 818 in FIG. 8D).
Once cured, the [0061] adhesive layer 810 is locally removed, as diagrammatically represented in FIG. 8E, from the area of each pad 808 (see FIG. 8B). In other words, openings 820 are created in the adhesive layer 810, the openings 820 providing access to the pads 808 on each die 806 as generally shown in FIG. 8F. In one embodiment, the openings 820 are formed by providing a photo-sensitive adhesive layer 810. By masking the appropriate areas of the adhesive layer 810 and exposing the latter to an energy source 819, such as a high intensity ultra-violet light source, as shown in FIG. 8E, the adhesive layer 810 is chemically altered in the area of the openings 820. The alteration permits the areas to be selectively etched and removed to form the openings 820. Other methods of forming the openings 820 are also possible.
To accurately locate the openings, one or more datums (not shown) are precisely located on the wafer surface. The adhesive layer is chemically or manually removed (in the vicinity of these datums) to expose the datums. The masking apparatus then uses these datums to ensure accurate alignment of the [0062] openings 820 with the pads 808. Other methods of aligning the openings 820 are also possible within the scope of the invention.
Once the [0063] openings 820 are formed, a solder element 822 is inserted therein. In one embodiment, the solder element comprises a solder ball 822′ as shown in FIG. 8G. A solder ball 822′ is placed into each opening 820 with the use of an apparatus 824 such as a pick-and-place machine (hereinafter PNP). The PNP picks up the solder ball 822′ and precisely places it into each opening 820. To form a solder column, multiple balls 822′ may be stacked in each opening 820 or, alternatively, the PNP is used to place a column of conductive material. The apparatus 824 is, in another embodiment, a machine similar to the PNP but able to forcefully eject the solder ball 822′ into each opening 820. The latter apparatus is advantageous when the solder ball 822′ is slightly larger than the opening 820 diameter.
In still yet another embodiment, a paste or gel-like [0064] conductive material 822″ is placed into each opening 820 to form solder columns such as columns 112 in FIGS. 4-6. The material 822″ is dispensed directly into the openings 820 with a dispensing apparatus 826 or, alternatively, applied using stencil/screen techniques (not shown).
Still other embodiments are possible for securing the adhesive layer and forming the conductive element. For instance, in the case of a wet adhesive layer, the material is a combination of underfill, conductive fillers, and flux components that are spin-coated or stenciled over the wafer. The conductive fillers migrate through the liquid adhesive and accumulate at the connection pads via application of electromagnetic or mechanical energy. This yields a [0065] wafer 800 having the required conductive elements without requiring explicit forming of the openings 820.
While the embodiments described above form the [0066] openings 820 and locate the solder elements 822 after the adhesive layer 810 is attach to the wafer 800, another embodiment of the present invention pre-assembles the adhesive layer 810 and solder elements 822. That is, the openings 820 are formed and the solder elements 822 are placed in the adhesive layer 810 prior to assembly with the wafer 800. For example, in one embodiment, the adhesive layer 810 is a film-like adhesive layer 810′ similar to that shown in FIG. 8C. The openings 820 are formed via laser cutting, chemical etching, die cutting or other methods. The solder elements 822 are then inserted by any of the methods described above. At this point, the adhesive layer 810′ with the pre-assembled solder elements 822 is secured to the wafer 800. To minimize deformation prior to applying the adhesive layer 810′, a removable backing (not shown) may be included with the layer. The removable backing is then removed once the layer 810′ is secured.
While not shown in the figures, another embodiment of the present invention secures the [0067] solder elements 822 to the wafer prior to application of the adhesive layer. For example, a PNP is used to place a solder ball 822′ on each connection pad 808. After placing the solder balls 822, the fluid adhesive 810″ is applied. By controlling the volume of the adhesive applied, the thickness of the adhesive layer 810 is controlled relative to the size of the solder balls 822′. Accordingly, the order in which the adhesive layer and solder elements are assembled is not perceived to be critical.
Once the [0068] solder elements 822 are positioned and retained within the adhesive layer 810 and the adhesive layer is secured to the wafer 800, the wafer is singulated into individual dice 806 by sawing as shown in FIG. 8H. Once singulated, each individual die 806 with the now integral portion of the adhesive layer 810 and the plurality of solder elements 822 forms a pre-packaged flip chip 850 as shown in FIG. 8I in accordance with the one embodiment. The pre-packaged flip chip 850 is then attached to a support 102 such as a motherboard (see FIG. 2) where it is, if necessary, reflowed to electrically couple and secure it thereto.
Accordingly, various embodiments provide semiconductor device packages and methods for making semiconductor device packages that are accomplished at wafer level. While the packaged device and method are useful for packaging single chips, it is perceived to be particularly advantageous for accommodating multiple, stacked devices as further described below, allowing even greater chip mounting densities. [0069]
One exemplary embodiment of such a pre-packaged multi-flip chip is shown in FIG. 9. Here, a first semiconductor device comprising a [0070] die 902 is attached to an active side 903 of a second, larger semiconductor device comprising a die 904 over which a flip chip adhesive layer 906 is applied to produce a pre-packaged, multi-flip chip 900. The multi-flip chip 900, like the flip chip 100 illustrated in FIG. 3, is adapted for mounting to a receiving support 950 having an array of conductors 952 as shown in FIG. 10.
The first die [0071] 902 (see FIG. 9) includes a first array of connection pads 908 while the second die 904 includes a second array of connection pads 910 located along the perimeter of the first die 902. The second die 904 is sized so that when the first die 902 is secured thereto, the pads 910 are still accessible.
FIG. 11 shows an exemplary embodiment of the [0072] package 900 in cross section. The first die 902 is precisely secured to the second die 904 with a bonding material 912. The adhesive layer 906 is then placed over the combined dice 902, 904 according to any of the methods already described above. The adhesive layer is sufficiently thick to ensure that adequate adhesive layer thickness exists over the first die 902. Like the embodiments described above, the package 900, in one embodiment, includes a protective covering 907 over a back side 905 to protect the package 900 during and after processing.
As with the embodiments already described herein, the [0073] adhesive layer 906 is processed to produce an array of openings 914 which are generally aligned with the pads 908 and 910. Within each opening 914 is a solder element 916. The particular shape of the solder elements 916 is varied to accommodate the particular application. For instance, in the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 11, the first array of pads 908 utilize solder balls 916″ while the second array of pads 910 utilize solder columns 916′. In FIG. 12, on the other hand, the first array of pads 908 also utilize a solder column 916′. In this particular embodiment, the first die 902 has one or more pads 908 connected directly to the second die 904 by a wire bond 918 or similar connection. This allows interconnection between the circuits on the dice 902, 904 within the package 900.
The multi-chip, [0074] flip chip package 900 provides increased circuit densities by stacking multiple dice in a single package. Thus, the package occupies less surface area than singularly packaged die and further permits electrical interconnection of the dice within the package, permitting the use of less complex supports 950 (see FIG. 10); i.e., the support needs no conductive trace to interconnect the various conductive pads.
Having described a multi-chip flip chip package according to one embodiment, an exemplary method of making the multi-chip package will now be described with reference to FIGS. [0075] 13A-13K. A first wafer 1300 having a first or active side 1302 and a second or back side 1304 is shown in FIG. 13A. A bonding material 1310′ is applied to the back side 1304 with a dispensing apparatus 1308 to produce a bonding layer 1310 (see FIG. 13B). The bonding layer 1310 may alternatively be applied in the form of a tape or film (not shown). Once the bonding layer 1310 is formed, the first wafer 1300 is diced as shown in FIG. 13B, producing numerous first dice 1312 as shown in FIG. 13C. Each die 1312 has an array of connection pads 1314 which permit electrical connection to the circuits on the first die 1312.
The [0076] first die 1312 is then secured to a second wafer 1316 as shown in FIG. 13D. The second wafer also has a first or active side 1318 and a second or back side 1320 and numerous, larger second dice 1322 thereon. The bonding layer 1310 permits the back side 1304 of each first die 1312 to be secured to the active side 1318 of each second die 1322. In one embodiment, the bonding layer 1310 is a pressure-sensitive material that permits attachment of the dice by application of pressure. In an alternative embodiment, the bonding layer is a heat-sensitive material (i.e., thermoplastic or thermoset) that bonds to the second die 1322 upon application of heat.
After securing the [0077] first die 1312 to the second die 1322, the pads 1314 of the first die 1312 are in close proximity and adjacent to pads 1324 of the second die 1322. As such, the pads 1314 and 1324 may be interconnected as shown in FIG. 13E with a wire bond 1326 or similar connection. After interconnection, an adhesive material 1328′ is applied to the active side 1318 of the second wafer 1316 with a dispensing apparatus 1329 forming an adhesive layer 1328 as shown in FIG. 13F.
[0078] Openings 1330 are then formed within the adhesive layer 1328 as also shown in FIG. 13F. As with the embodiments already described herein, the openings 1330 are substantially aligned with the pads 1324 and 1314 to allow access thereto. The openings may be laser cut, chemically etched, or formed in any one of a variety of ways discussed herein with reference to FIGS. 8A-8I.
Once the [0079] openings 1330 are formed, a solder element 1332 is placed therein as shown in FIG. 13G. In one embodiment, the solder element is a conductive paste material 1332′. In another embodiment, the solder material is a solder ball 1332″. The resulting wafer 1316, as shown in FIG. 13H, has numerous second dice 1322 thereon. Each die 1322 has solder elements 1332 retained within the adhesive layer 1328 formed on the active side 1318 of the second wafer 1316 as shown in FIG. 13I. By then dicing the second wafer 1316 along the scribe lines as shown in FIG. 13J, numerous individual multi-chip flip chip packages 1350 as shown in FIG. 13K are produced.
Thus, various embodiments can be utilized to package multiple dice at wafer level. By providing multiple dice in one package, higher mounting densities can be achieved. Furthermore, interconnection between multiple dice can be accommodated within the package rather than via the receiving support. [0080]
FIG. 14 illustrates the [0081] pre-packaged flip chip 100 according to one embodiment shown as part of an electronic system 1400 such as a computer. The system 1400, in one embodiment, includes a processor 1402 and an electronic apparatus such as a pre-packaged flip chip 100. While diagrammatically depicted as pre-packaged flip chip 100, other embodiments of the memory component 1404 utilize other flip chips (e.g., flip chip package 850, 900, or 1350) described herein. In addition, the flip chip package is not limited to use with memory components but rather is adapted for use with most any semiconductor device application.
Advantageously, the packages and methods of the various embodiments avoid time-consuming underfill operations by prepackaging a die or dice at wafer level. By packaging the die at wafer level, greater manufacturing efficiencies are obtainable due to simultaneous processing of multiple dice across the entire wafer face. In addition, the various embodiments are also particularly amenable to pre-packaging multiple chips in a single module, permitting semiconductor packages having increased electronic densities. Since these multi-chip modules can also be packaged at wafer level, similar manufacturing economies are realized. [0082]
Preferred embodiments of the present invention are described above. Those skilled in the art will recognize that many embodiments are possible within the scope of the invention. Variations, modifications, and combinations of the various parts and assemblies can certainly be made and still fall within the scope of the invention. Thus, the invention is limited only by the following claims, and equivalents thereto. [0083]

Claims

What is claimed is:

1. A method of packaging comprising:

applying an adhesive to a first side of a finished wafer, the finished wafer having at least one die thereon; and

forming an array of conductive elements within the adhesive, the array of conductive elements electrically coupled to an array of connection pads on the at least one die.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein forming an array of conductive elements includes:

creating openings in the adhesive, the openings aligned with the array of connection pads; and

substantially filling the openings with an electrically conductive material.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is performed in the order presented.

4. A method of packaging comprising:

applying an adhesive to a first side of a finished wafer, the finished wafer having at least one die thereon;

processing the adhesive to create an array of openings therein, the array of openings providing access to an array of connection pads on the at least one die; and

substantially filling the array of openings with an electrically conductive material.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein the method further includes applying a protective coating to a second side of the wafer.

6. The method of claim 4, wherein the method further includes singulating the at least one die from the wafer wherein the at least one die with the adhesive and electrically conductive material form an individual flip chip package.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein the method further includes surface mounting the flip chip package to a receiving support.

8. The method of claim 4, wherein the method further includes curing the adhesive.

9. The method of claim 4, wherein the method is performed in the order presented.

10. A method of packaging comprising:

applying an adhesive to a first side of a finished wafer, the first side comprising an array of dice;

processing the adhesive to create an array of openings therein, the array of openings providing access to an array of connection pads on each die of the array of dice;

substantially filling the array of openings with an electrically conductive material; and

singulating each die from the array of dice, wherein each die, combined with the adhesive and electrically conductive material, forms an individual flip chip package.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein the method is performed in the order presented.

12. The method of claim 10, wherein substantially filling the array of openings includes placing at least one solder ball therein.

13. The method of claim 10, wherein substantially filling the array of openings includes forming a solder column therein.

14. The method of claim 10, wherein substantially filling the array of openings includes dispensing a conductive paste therein.

15. The method of claim 10, wherein the method is performed in the order presented.

16. A method of packaging comprising:

attaching a second side of a first die to a first side of a second die, the first side of the second die located on a first side of a finished wafer, such that a first array of connection pads located on a first side of the first die is adjacent to a second array of electrical connection pads located on the first side of the second die;

applying an adhesive layer over the first side of the first die and the first side of the second die; and

forming an array of conductive elements within the adhesive layer, the array of conductive elements electrically coupled to the first array of connection pads and/or the second array of connection pads.

17. The method of claim 16, wherein applying an adhesive layer includes distributing a fluid material over the first side of the first die and the first side of the second die, the fluid material forming a hardenable layer.

18. The method of claim 16, wherein the method further includes electrically interconnecting at least one connection pad of the first array of connection pads to at least one connection pad of the second array of connection pads prior to applying the adhesive layer.

19. The method of claim 16, wherein the method further includes creating an array of openings in the adhesive layer, the array of openings substantially aligned with one or more connection pads of the first array of connection pads and the second array of connection pads.

20. The method of claim 19, wherein the method further includes depositing a conductive material into the array of openings.

21. The method of claim 16, wherein the method is performed in the order presented.

22. A method of packaging comprising:

singulating a first die from a first wafer where the first wafer comprises a plurality of first dice, wherein the first die has a first side and a second side;

attaching the second side of the first die to a first side of a second die, the second die forming a portion of a second wafer where the second wafer is a finished wafer having a plurality of second dice, the second die being larger than the first die;

applying an adhesive to the second wafer, the adhesive substantially covering the first side of both the first die and the second die;

processing the adhesive to create an array of openings therein, the array of openings providing access to an array of connection pads on each of the first die and the second die; and

23. The method of claim 22, wherein the method further includes singulating the second die from the second wafer, the singulated second die with the attached first die, the adhesive, and the electrically conductive material forming an individual multi-chip, flip chip package.

24. The method of claim 22, wherein the method further applying a protective coating to a second side of the second wafer.

25. The method of claim 22, wherein the method further applying a bonding material to the second side of the first wafer, the bonding material adapted to permit attaching of the first die to the second die.

26. The method of claim 22, wherein the method is performed in the order presented.

27. A method of packaging comprising:

forming an array of conductive elements within an adhesive layer; and

applying the adhesive layer to a first side of a finished wafer, the finished wafer having one or more dice thereon, after forming the array of conductive elements to couple the array of conductive elements electrically to an array of connection pads on a first die of the one or more dice.

28. The method of claim 27, wherein forming an array of conductive elements within an adhesive layer includes forming openings in the adhesive layer.

29. The method of claim 28, wherein forming openings in the adhesive layer includes forming openings by laser cutting, chemical etching, or die cutting.

30. The method of claim 27, wherein forming an array of conductive elements includes forming an array of solder columns.

31. The method of claim 27, wherein forming an array of conductive elements includes forming an array of solder balls.

32. The method of claim 27, wherein applying the adhesive layer includes applying the adhesive layer configured as a film.

33. The method of claim 27, wherein the method further includes singulating the first die from the finished wafer and forming an individual flip chip package.

34. A method of packaging comprising:

coupling an array of conductive elements electrically to an array of connection pads on a first die of a finished wafer, the finished wafer having one or more dice thereon, each die having an active side on a first side of the finished wafer; and

applying an adhesive layer to the first side of the finished wafer after coupling the array of conductive elements to the array of connection pads to form the array of conductive elements within the adhesive layer.

35. The method of claim 34, wherein forming an array of conductive elements includes forming an array of solder columns.

36. The method of claim 34, wherein forming an array of conductive elements includes forming an array of solder balls.

37. The method of claim 34, wherein applying the adhesive layer includes applying the adhesive layer configured as a film with preformed openings.

38. The method of claim 37, wherein applying the adhesive layer configured as a film with preformed openings includes applying a film with openings formed by laser cutting, chemical etching, or die cutting.

39. The method of claim 34, wherein the method further includes singulating the first die from the finished wafer and forming an individual flip chip package.

40. A method of packaging comprising:

providing a finished wafer having one or more dice, each die having an active side with an array of connection pads, the active side disposed on a first side of the finished wafer;

applying a protective coating to a backside of the finished wafer, the backside being opposite the first side of the finished wafer;

applying an adhesive layer to the first side of the finished wafer, the adhesive layer substantially covering the active side of a first die of the one or more dice of the finished wafer;

curing the adhesive layer;

processing the adhesive layer to create an array of openings therein, the array of openings providing access to the array of connection pads of the first die of the finished wafer; and

substantially filling the array of openings with an electrically conductive material to electrically contact the array of connection pads; and

singulating the first die from the finished wafer.

41. The method of claim 40, wherein applying an adhesive layer includes applying a fluid.

42. The method of claim 40, wherein curing the adhesive layer includes curing a fluid to form a hardened adhesive layer.

43. The method of claim 40, wherein applying a protective coating to a backside of the finished wafer includes applying an epoxy.

44. The method of claim 40, wherein processing the adhesive layer to create an array of openings includes:

masking areas of the adhesive layer, wherein the adhesive layer is a photo-sensitive adhesive layer;

exposing the photo-sensitive adhesive layer to an energy source; and

etching the photo-sensitive adhesive layer to form the array of openings.

45. The method of claim 40, wherein substantially filling the array of openings with an electrically conductive material includes placing a solder ball in each opening of the array of openings.

46. A method of packaging comprising:

providing a first die, the first die having an active side and a back side, the active side having a first array of connection pads;

securing the first die to a second die on the finished wafer, the second die being one of the one or more dice of the finished wafer, such that the first array of connection pads located on the active side of the first die is accessible and a second array of electrical connection pads located on the active side of the second die is accessible;

interconnecting one or more connections pads of the first array of connection pads with one or more connections pads of the second array of connection pads;

applying an adhesive layer to the first side of the finished wafer, the adhesive layer substantially covering the active side of both the first die and the second die;

processing the adhesive layer to create an array of openings therein, the array of openings providing access to the first array of connection pads and/or to the second array of connection pads;

substantially filling the array of openings with an electrically conductive material to electrically contact the first array of connection pads and/or to the second array of connection pads; and

singulating the second die from the finished wafer with the first die secured to the second die.

47. The method of claim 46, wherein providing a first die includes:

providing a first wafer having one or more dice, the first wafer having an active side and a back side;

producing a bonding layer on the back side of the first wafer;

dicing the first wafer to provide the first die with a bonding layer on its back side.

48. The method of claim 47, wherein securing the first die to a second die on the finished wafer includes attaching the back side of the first die to the active side of the second die by the bonding layer.

49. The method of claim 48, wherein attaching the back side of the first die to the active side of the second die by the bonding layer includes using a pressure-sensitive material as the bonding layer to attach the back side of the first die to the active side of the second die.

50. The method of claim 48, wherein attaching the back side of the first die to the active side of the second die by the bonding layer includes using a heat-sensitive pressure-sensitive material as the bonding layer to bond the back side of the first die to the active side of the second die.

51. The method of claim 46, wherein applying an adhesive layer includes applying a fluid.

52. The method of claim 46, wherein the method further includes curing the adhesive layer.

53. The method of claim 46, wherein the method further includes applying a protective coating to a backside of the finished wafer.

54. The method of claim 46, wherein processing the adhesive layer to create an array of openings includes:

exposing the photo-sensitive adhesive layer to an energy source; and

etching the photo-sensitive adhesive layer to form the array of openings.

55. The method of claim 46, wherein substantially filling the array of openings with an electrically conductive material includes placing a solder ball in each opening of the array of openings.

56. The method of claim 46, wherein substantially filling the array of openings with an electrically conductive material includes placing a conductive paste or conducive gel in each opening of the array of openings forming an array of solder columns.

57. The method of claim 46, wherein the method further includes:

securing a plurality of first die to a plurality of second die; dicing the finished wafer for a plurality of individual multi-chip packages.

58 The method of claim 57, wherein the method further includes dicing the finished wafer for a plurality of individual multi-chip packages having more than two die.