US20040064323A1 - Natural language query system for accessing an information system - Google Patents

Natural language query system for accessing an information system Download PDF

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Publication number
US20040064323A1
US20040064323A1 US10/634,354 US63435403A US2004064323A1 US 20040064323 A1 US20040064323 A1 US 20040064323A1 US 63435403 A US63435403 A US 63435403A US 2004064323 A1 US2004064323 A1 US 2004064323A1
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user
information
aimed
phrases
domain
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Charles Kemper
Francois Leger
Aart Den Ouden
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VOICE-INSIGHT
Voice Insight Belgian Corp
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Voice Insight Belgian Corp
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Assigned to VOICE-INSIGHT reassignment VOICE-INSIGHT ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: KEMPER, CHARLES, LEGER, FRANCOIS, OUDEN, AART DEN
Publication of US20040064323A1 publication Critical patent/US20040064323A1/en
Priority to US11/399,053 priority Critical patent/US7653604B2/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10L—SPEECH ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES OR SPEECH SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
    • G10L15/00—Speech recognition
    • G10L15/26—Speech to text systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
    • G06F16/20—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor of structured data, e.g. relational data
    • G06F16/24—Querying
    • G06F16/245—Query processing
    • G06F16/2452—Query translation
    • G06F16/24522—Translation of natural language queries to structured queries
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
    • G06F16/90—Details of database functions independent of the retrieved data types
    • G06F16/903—Querying
    • G06F16/9032—Query formulation
    • G06F16/90332—Natural language query formulation or dialogue systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10L—SPEECH ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES OR SPEECH SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
    • G10L15/00—Speech recognition
    • G10L15/08—Speech classification or search
    • G10L15/18—Speech classification or search using natural language modelling
    • G10L15/183—Speech classification or search using natural language modelling using context dependencies, e.g. language models
    • G10L15/19—Grammatical context, e.g. disambiguation of the recognition hypotheses based on word sequence rules
    • G10L15/193—Formal grammars, e.g. finite state automata, context free grammars or word networks
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10L—SPEECH ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES OR SPEECH SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
    • G10L15/00—Speech recognition
    • G10L15/22—Procedures used during a speech recognition process, e.g. man-machine dialogue
    • G10L2015/226—Procedures used during a speech recognition process, e.g. man-machine dialogue using non-speech characteristics
    • G10L2015/228—Procedures used during a speech recognition process, e.g. man-machine dialogue using non-speech characteristics of application context

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an interaction system aimed at permitting a user to interact with an information system by means of a recognition system.
  • Recognition systems usually comprise two modules: a recognition module that converts phrases generated by the user into a textual computer representation of said phrases and a text to generation module that can convert a textual computer representation in a generated phrase understandable by the user.
  • recognition systems one finds namely speech recognition systems with which the user can generate phrases by way of pronunciation and that can generate aloud phrases to the user, and text recognition systems such as text scanning systems, with which the user can generate phrases by way of a written text and that can generate phrases to the user in a written form.
  • Information systems manage data that are usually stored in databases. These data bases are commonly customised by their users, as well as the information systems aimed at exploiting said data bases.
  • the data also called objects
  • object types identified by a code.
  • Each object type gathers object instances, that is specific data or objects, of the considered type.
  • attributes may be gathered in attribute types.
  • An attribute type groups attributes that have similar characteristics e.g. textual or date attributes.
  • Each information system is adapted to the databases it has to manipulate and thus may address the object types, attribute types, and instances of objects of an object type having certain attribute instances. Therefore, the codes used by a database to identify object types and attribute types are recognized by the information system that has to manipulate said database.
  • each information system contains action types gathering actions that may be applied on the objects of a database by the system.
  • Each action type fits to one ore more object types.
  • Information systems are gathered in different domains of applications such as Geographical Information Systems (GIS), Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems, Document Management (DM) systems or Product Data Management (PDM) systems to name a few well known business application domains.
  • GIS Geographical Information Systems
  • ERP Enterprise Resource Planning
  • DM Document Management
  • PDM Product Data Management
  • the present invention overcomes these problems in providing an interaction system, called Voice Query Language, that enables interactions of a user with different pre-existing information systems of a domain of applications by using different pre-existing recognition systems.
  • This invention thus enables the user to apply, by generation of phrases, called queries, actions defined by the information, system to objects stored in the databases manipulated by the information system and identified by attributes.
  • the referred action phrase set-ups that are used to build actual phrases thus define a grammar consisting essentially of object types, attribute types, action types and production rules are provided to be used in the interactions of the user with an information system of the domain considered, both when the system presents to the user the different queries he may request and when the user addresses such a query to the information system.
  • the invention provides an interaction system for enabling a user of an information system belonging to an application domain of similar information systems to interact with said information system, said interaction system being aimed at being connected to the information system, the interaction system further being aimed at being connected to a recognition system for enabling the user to interact with the information system by means of phrases generated by said user and processed by the recognition system, said interaction system comprising at least one domain module aimed at having defined therein phrases setups that are constructed based on object classes, attribute classes and action classes that are common to said information systems of the considered application domain and are provided to be particularised with specific object types, action types, attribute types and their instances, provided from the information system, in order to define a grammar of phrases that are provided to be generated by the user to interact with the information system.
  • the interaction system comprises a generic module connected to the at least one domain module and aimed at being connected to the recognition system, said generic module being aimed at converting said phrases that can be generated by the user into a textual computer representation usable by the recognition system for the recognition of said phrases when generated by the user and being aimed at converting a textual computer representation produced by the recognition system, after recognition of a phrase generated by the user has happened, into a phrase defined by said grammar.
  • said generic module comprises an element containing information enabling configuration of the recognition system.
  • the interaction system comprises an adapter module connected to the at least one domain module and aimed at being connected to the information system, said adapter module being aimed at extracting objects, attributes, action types and their instances from the information system and pass them to the at least one domain module and being aimed at driving the information system for the latter to execute a demand for action contained in a phrase generated by the user.
  • the at least one domain module comprises an element containing information about general notions of objects and attributes identifying objects that is common to several application domains.
  • the at least one domain module is aimed at being connected to a system analyst and linguist aimed at defining object classes, attribute classes, action classes and phrases set-ups that said at least one domain module is aimed at having defined therein.
  • the aforementioned recognition system is a speech recognition system and the phrases generated by the user are generated by pronunciation by said user.
  • said recognition system is a text recognition system and the phrases generated by the user are written by said user
  • FIG. 1 represents an interaction system according to the invention integrated in its environment.
  • the environment comprising the interaction system according to the invention is composed of the following elements:
  • [0022] 1 An information system aimed at manipulating several object types being characterised by several attributes being part of attribute types, the manipulation being performed by means of several action types. Objects and attribute types have instances that can be found in the databases manipulated by the information system.
  • a recognition system comprising two modules:
  • [0024] 2 a The recognition module that converts phrases generated by the user into a textual computer representation.
  • [0026] 3 A system analyst and linguist that provides the object, attributes and action classes as well as the phrases set-ups that will be used to exercise the information system actions on the object types.
  • System analysts and linguists are human beings that are capable of analysing how the user would vocally interrogate the system. The result of that analysis will be a collection of action phrase set-ups being typical of a domain of applications.
  • [0027] 4 A user that will use the system by means of the grammar defined by the phrase set-ups particularised with the instances of objects, attributes and actions manipulated by the information system.
  • a generic module that can convert a language grammar, that is a set of object types, action types and production rules of valid phrases that can be generated by the user in view of interacting with an information system, into a computer representation that can be used by the recognition system and convert a computer representation resulting from a recognition into a phrase defined by a grammar.
  • Said generic module comprises an element c 1 containing information enabling configuration of the recognition system, namely:
  • the communication devices used such as for example microphones, or telephone devices.
  • a domain module that is able to receive elements as object types, attribute types and action types as well as instances of the latter that are manipulated by information systems of a predetermined domain of applications.
  • the domain module comprises definitions of classes of objects, actions and attributes that are typical of said domain and that are used to combine the aforementioned elements received with the aforementioned action phrase set-ups to produce the grammar needed by the generic module 5 b .
  • the action phrases set-ups are received from the system analyst and linguist in order that queries can be generated by the user in a natural language. If multiple Information Systems are available simultaneously, multiple grammars can be generated and activated.
  • the interaction system according to the invention will switch between the information systems.
  • the domain module also can take a phrase produced by the generic module after recognition happened and generate an action description on specified objects identified by specific attribute values to be executed by the information system 1 .
  • the aforementioned definitions are comprised within an element c 2 of the domain module, that contains:
  • the domain identification comprising configuration elements identifying a domain of information systems, as for example GIS information systems.
  • Each class represent a set of objects with a common characteristic.
  • objects classes such as surface class (countries, counties), linear class (rivers, streets), punctual class (cities), graphical class (aerial photography geographically referenced, maps).
  • a real object may be part of several object classes.
  • a typical object such as a city street will belong to the displayable object class, selectable object class, spatial object class and linear object class.
  • the actions classes that can be applied to the objects classes can define, for a given domain, a class of action that can be applied to that object class.
  • a class of action For example, in the GIS domain, an object belonging to the displayable object class can be displayed or hidden, an object belonging to the spatial object class can be projected on a map or be intersected with another object belonging to the same class, an object belonging to the selectable object class can be selected or deselected, an object belonging to the linear object class can be moved along for a certain distance to provide a specific location.
  • An attribute class gather attributes with a common meaning toward the objects of all the object classes. Namely, attributes belonging to the ‘instance naming’ class are used to identify a particular instance of an object type. For example, if in the GIS domain, roads have an attribute which is “road number” whose instances are numbers. “road number” is therefore of the ‘numerical’ attribute type but also part of the attribute class ‘instance naming’ because roads can be referred to in speech by their number.
  • phrase set-ups that can be used to request the execution of the actions.
  • each action class one can define a set of phrase set-ups that can be used to request the class action to be done.
  • phrase set-ups such as display ‘xyz’ or go to ‘abc’ can be defined.
  • ‘xyz’ or ‘abc’ the attribute class used to identify the object types on which the action will be performed can be referenced.
  • These set-ups will be particularised by instances of objects belonging to these types manipulated by the information system with which the user will interact.
  • the actions like ‘display’ or ‘go to’ can have synonyms that could easily be exchanged with the original terms. This means that multiple variants of a same phrase set-up can exist without substantial changes in its grammatical structure.
  • the term elements that assembled in sequences compose phrases to be generated by the user.
  • static term elements whose instances do not need to be extracted from the information system such as numbers, comparison operators, and dynamic elements whose instances do need to be extracted from the information system such as those of object types or attributes types.
  • Statically defined term elements are straightforward list of terms, which elements can be predetermined during the domain module configuration.
  • Each of these elements can also be flagged as repetitive, as for composing numerical values, spelling identification codes or specifying geographical positions.
  • [0043] For example, in the GIS domain, one may have the following sequence of static term elements: [ ⁇ 1] [2] [+3] [ ⁇ 4] where [ ⁇ 1] mark an optional term list composed of the terms ‘please’ and ‘can you’, [ 2 ] marks an obligatory term list composed of ‘pan to the’ or ‘move to the’, [+3] marks a repetitive term list composed of the terms ‘north’, ‘east’, ‘west’, south’, [ ⁇ 4] mark an optional term list composed of the terms ‘please’. Consequently, the following are valid phrases based on these elements: pan to the north east, can you move to the south south east please.
  • phrases such as [1] [2] [3] and [1] [4] [3] [5] [2] can also be built, in which [1] is either ‘show’ or ‘display’, [2] is a related object instance name, [3] is a spatial object type name, [4] is ‘the’, [5] is ‘of’. [2] and [3] are dynamic term elements. Then, if the dynamic elements extracted from the information system are two spatial objects called city and state and two instance names called New-York and Washington for the city and New-York and Idaho for the state, then the combination generation will generate the following phrases:
  • [2b] will be either New-York or Idaho
  • 5 c An information system adapter module that is created for a specific information system application. This adapter module is aimed at extracting the objects, attributes and action types as well as their instances from the considered information system and to pass them to the domain module 5 a where they are referenced in objects, attributes and action classes defining the domain of the information system. On the other hand, said adapter module is able to drive the information system in order for it to execute the demand for action contained in a phrase generated by the user. This requires the adapter module to translate the action description provided by the domain module 5 a into the application logic of the information system.
  • a domain is identified that regroups the common object, attributes and action classes of a class of information systems.
  • the system analyst and linguist 3 defines the objects, attributes and action classes and related action phrases set-ups required by the domain.
  • the information is encoded into an internal format that is usable by the domain module 5 a
  • An adapter module 5 c is defined for a specific information system 1 that belongs to the domain identified.
  • the user 4 starts the information system.
  • the information system starts the adapter module.
  • the adapter module uses the information system to extract the objects that can be used by the user and passes this information to the domain module.
  • the domain module uses the object classes, attribute classes and action phrases set-ups aforementioned to build the term lists and combination rules for the generic module Sb.
  • the generic module converts the term lists and combination rules into a form acceptable to the recognition system and starts the latter.
  • the recognition system 2 after a plausible phrase was recognized, returns the recognized phrase to the generic module.
  • the generic module parses back the phrases into a combination rule and term lists and passes it back to the domain module.
  • the domain module reports the needed information to perform the action to the adapter module.
  • the adapter module then calls the information system to perform the action.
  • Example of classification of information treated by a The an interaction system according to the invention enabling a user to interact with a GIS domain information system:
  • object types being countries and cities; the instances of the objects of these object types have two associated attributes being name and population.
  • Name is of the textual attribute type, population of the numerical attribute type.
  • Action classes (examples)
  • Hide masking of the objects from the user
  • [0141] queryable numeric attributes such as “population”.

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WO2002071393A8 (en) 2003-11-20
KR20040028722A (ko) 2004-04-03
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PT1366491E (pt) 2005-06-30
ATE288614T1 (de) 2005-02-15
CA2437614C (en) 2011-06-14
CA2437614A1 (en) 2002-09-12
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EP1366491A1 (en) 2003-12-03
RU2003128960A (ru) 2005-03-27
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IL157454A (en) 2008-07-08
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US7653604B2 (en) 2010-01-26
HK1062497A1 (en) 2004-11-05
US20060184476A1 (en) 2006-08-17
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