US2002806A

US2002806A - Method of producing ornamental enameled ware

Info

Publication number: US2002806A
Application number: US626581A
Authority: US
Inventors: Andrew C Weierich
Original assignee: VITREOUS ENAMELING Co
Current assignee: VITREOUS ENAMELING Co
Priority date: 1932-07-30
Filing date: 1932-07-30
Publication date: 1935-05-28
Anticipated expiration: 1952-05-28

Description

May 28, 1935. A, c. wElERlcH METHOD 0F' PRODUCING' ORNAMENTAL ENAMELED WARE Filed July 50, 1932 INVENTOR Andrew C. Weierich BY {en/IJ le ATTORNEYS Patented May 28, 1935 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE METHOD OF PRODUCING ORNAMENTAL ENAMELED WARE Andrew C. Weierich, Cleveland, Ohio, assignor to The vitreous Enameling Company, Cleveland, Ohio, a. corporation of Ohio Application July 30, 1932, Serial No. 626,581

16 Claims. (Cl. 41-24) My invention relates to enameled ware, and by dipping or spraying. The ground coating is more particularly to a method of producing ornathen dried and burned, or preferably just dried, mental enameled ware. and the same or a different colored enamel is The principal object of my invention is to proprojected on the ground coat in the form or lumps vide an article of ornamental enameled Ware in or globules. In the event that the ground coat- 5 which a vitriable material, such as enamel, is ing is both dried and burned, the Ware must be applied to a metal in such a manner that a highly rst heated before applying the drops or globules, ornamental effect is obtaind. so that when the drops or globules hit the Warm A further object of my invention is to provide surface they dry immediately in round lump form.

l0 a process of producing ornamental enameled I preferably utilize a spray having a very low l0 Ware, in which enamel in the form a globules or air pressure for projecting the lumps or globules lumps is projected upon Ware having a ground upon the ground coating. The lumps may be coating, or a ground and base coating, thereon, sprayed on the dried ground coating in the form in such a manner that a pleasing effect Will be 0f any appropriate design or configuration and,

produced. if desired, a stencil having openings correspond- 15 A still further object of my invention is to proing in shape to the design may be placed over vide a process of producing enameled Ware, in the dried ground coat and the lumps sprayed, or which an embossed enamel design is applied in otherwise projected, through the openings in the form of lumps or globules upon an enameled the stencil.

lo base or ground coating of a diierent color, and It will be particularly noted that in practicing Z0 a coating of enamel having a still different color my invention the ground coating is rst dried is sprayed at a lateral angle against the enamel before the ornamental design is applied; otherdesign, thereby shading one side of the design wise, the lumps will have the tendency to sink and causing an intermingllng of the colors of into the ground coating instead of protruding me oase coat and the shading coat to provide an therefrom. After the ornamental design is ap- 25 illusionary color effect. plied, the coated ware may be burned to vitrify In the accompanying drawing, the enamel in the usual manner. Figure i is a fragmentary perspective view of The enamel is burned at a, temperature of apa sheet of ornamental enameled Ware produced proximately 1450 to l600 F., the particular temby my improved process; perature depending upon the composition of the 3o Fig. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a. enamel and the time of firing. During the burnportion of the sheet shown in Fig, 1 before the ing operation the heat is sufficient to cause the burning operation; enamel of which the lumps are composed to be- Fig. 3 is a perspective view of coated enameled come viscous and to adhere to the ground coat.

Ware showing the method of applying the design; The temperature and time Of ring, however,

and should not be sufficient to cause the applied lumps Fig. 4 is a perspective view showing the method to become so liquid that the desired contour of of applying the shading coat. the projected lumps or globules will be affected.

In producing ornamental enameled ware, it has Instead of applying the design in the form of 10 heretofore been the practice to apply a ground lumps or globules directly upon the ground coatym coating, oir-aground andabase ooatingand while ing, I preferably first apply a ground coating, the ground or base coating is still Wet to spray or dry and burn the ground coating, and then apply otherwise project small globules of the same or a thin base coating of enamel which is also dried. different colored enamel upon the ground or the The ornamental design is then sprayed or probase coating. In such practice, however, the jected in the form of lumps or globules upon 45 drops or globules of enamel sink into the ground the dried base coating. or the base coating and a distinctive embossed The globules or lumps may be projected in any design is not produced. desired design upon the prepared surface. I By my invention I have provided a process of preferably utilize a stencil for this purpose and producing ornamental enameled ware having an project the lumps or globules through openings 50 embossed design of a highly pleasing appearance. in the stencil or, if desired, the drops or globules In practicing my invention, a ground coating is may be projected over the entire surface, a stenrst applied to the metal ware Which is usually cil applied, and the unburned enamel that is exformed of sheet iron, cast iron, or steel. This posed through openings in the stencil brushed may be performed in the usual manner, such as away. 55

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provided with a burned coating.

In the latter case, it is of course necessary that the foundation metal shall be first previously The applied lumps may also be shaded with a different colored coating before the stencil is applied or after it has been removed. It will also be understood that it is not necessary to utilize a stencil as portions of the lumps may be removed in any desired manner. Instead of applying aV coating, burning the applied coating and applying an additional coating which is only dried, the layer of enamel in the form of globules or lumps may be applied to the burned coating. In such cases, however, it is necessary that 'ie foundation metal shall be hot during the application of the coating which is in the form of lumps or globules so that they will dry in round lump form.

When both a ground and a base coating are applied, it is necessary to burn the ground coating before the base is applied, as is the usual practice. As in the previous example, the base coating should also be thoroughly dried before applying the design so that the lumps or globules forming the design will not sink into the base coating.

After the embossed designs have been applied, a highly ornamental eiect may be produced by spraying a different colored enamel against the sides of the lumps from a substantially lateral direction. The shading produced causes the embossed design to stand out in a distinctive manner, which adds to its natural beauty.

In preparing ornamental enameled ware, a pleasing elfect may be produced by rst applying a ground coat which is dried and burned. A thin base coat of a light colored enamel, such as a white colored enamel, is next applied. The base coat is then thoroughly dried and a design formed oi a different colored enamel, such as yellow, is projected in the form of globules or lumps upon the dried base coating. The design is preferably applied through openings in a stencil, although this is not essential. If a stencil is utilized, it is then removed and a coating having a different color, such as brown, is sprayed laterally against the one side of the embossed design. The brown coating upon being sprayed against the yellow lumps, produces a design having a shaded appearance and also provides a thin brown coating over the white base coating. The brown coating, however', is not sufficient to completely obscure the white color. The thin brown coating upon the white base coating causes an intermingling of colors, producing an illusionary effect, so that the color between the projected designs appears as ii a lavender colored base coating has been applied, and the design projected upon the lavender base coating. The enameled coatings which have been applied are then burned in the usual manner.

Another combination or coatings which I have found particularly desirable, may be produced in the following manner. The usual ground coat is rst applied in any suitable manner, such as by dipping or spraying. The ground coat is then dried and burned. A White base coating is next applied and thoroughly dried. A stencil is then placed over the dried base coating and drops or globules of a green colored enamel are projected through openings in the stencil. An embossed design of a green colored enamel is thus provided upon a White base coat. A black colored enamel is then sprayed from a lateral direction against the green lumps, shading the lumps on one side and forming a thin coating over Vthe white colored enamel in the spaces which were covered by the solid portion of the stencil. The thickness of the black coating, however, is not suicient to completely obscure the white base coating, and the intermingling of the white and black colors produces an illusionary effect having a lavender colored appearance. The embossed green projections prevent the-laterally sprayed black coating from covering the White base coating immediately adjacent the projections on the opposite side to that which is shaded. After the coatings have been applied, they are burned to vitrlfy the enamel. It will thus be seen that such a combination of coatings produces a lavender background with a projecting green design which has a black border on one side and a white border on the other.

Instead of projecting the embossed design in the form of globules or lumps upon the ground or base coating, a light colored ground coating may be applied and dried, or a ground coating may be applied, dried and burned, and a base coating applied and dried. A thin coating of a darker colored enamel may then be sprayed from a substantially lateral direction against the light colored ground or base coating. The spraying of the dark colored enamel from a lateral direction on the dry enamel builds up small lumps of the dark colored enamel. The intermingllng of the light colored base and the superposed darker colored coating which is laterally applied, produces an enameled article which appears as if projecting lumps had been applied and shaded, whereas the enamel is substantially smooth. The applied coatings are then burned in the usual manner.

Enameled ware having a border formed by the y method described in the preceding paragraph and a central portion formed of embossed shaded lumps may be readily formed and a pleasing ornamental effect obtained in the manner illustrated in the accompanying drawing. It will be understood, however, that the drawing is merely illustrative, as I do not desire to limit myself to the particular colors, structure and process disclosed therein.

Referring to the drawing, a sheet of metal I, such as iron, cast iron, or steel, is rst dipped or otherwise provided with a suitable ground coat 2. The ground coat is dried and burned. A thin layer of a light colored base coat 3, such as white, is next applied, which is also dried. A stencil 4 is then preferably placed over the central portion of the coated enamel ware and globules or lumps of a green colored enamel are projected through openings in the stencil. This may be conveniently accomplished by means of a low pressure spray. If desired, the border may also be sprayed with a thin coating of green by the usual spraying process, a low pressure spray not being required for this purpose. The stencil is then removed. The Ware is thus provided with a green embossed design 5, a green border 6 and white colored spaces between the design formed by that portion of the base coat which was covered by the solid portion of the stencil when the design was applied. A dark colored enamel, such as black, is then sprayed in a lateral direction against the lumps. The dark enamel provides a thin covering over the white spaces between the embossed designs and is projected against the green coating forming the border. This coating is not of sufiicient thickness to completely obscure the white base coat between and around the designs. The black coating superimposed upon the white `coating produces an illusionary effect and the spaces between the designs really appear as if a base coating of enamel having a lavender color was applied. The thin black coating sprayed from a lateral direction upon the green border forms a coating having the appearance of projecting green lumps, whereas in reality the border is substantially smooth. In spraying the black coating against the embossed design, the downwardly extending portion of one side of the embossed design and one side of each projecting lump will be shaded, as indicated at 1. The white base coating immediately adjacent the opposite side of each of the embossments, however, will be protected from the black coating. The embossments are thus provided with a black shading on one side and a white border 8 on the opposite side. The embossments will therefore be clearly dened and will have the appearance of projecting a greater distance from the base than they really do.

It will be understood that when both a ground and a base coating are applied, it is necessary to both dry and burn the ground coating before applying the base coating. Before applying the globules or lumps, however, the base coat is preferably only dried and not burned. If it is burned it is necessary to heat it before applying the globules or lumps. It is therefore apparent in the specification and claims that where drying is mentioned before applying the globules or lumps, the equivalent step of drying, burning and heating the burned coating before applying the globules or lumps may be utilized.

From the foregoing description it will be seen that I have produced ornamental enameled ware which is distinctive in design and pleasing in appearance, and which is capable of being produced in a simple and economical manner. My improved method is also exceptionally novel in that a design of any desired configuration may be provided and since the ground or base coating is first thoroughly dried before the embossed enamel designs are applied, the design will project from the surface in a distinctive manner.

The shading also aids in sharply defining the projecting design and gives it a distinctive appearance. By shading 'the embossed portions and at the same time providing a thin dark colored coat over` the spaces between the designs and upon the border coating, a varicolored design may be produced in an economical manner.

It will be understood that while I prefer to utilize a combination of distinctive features in providing my improved design, each of the distinct features in and by itself represents an advance in the art. In particular, the step of first drying the base coating before applying the globules or lumps to form the design is especially desirable, because it prevents the applied lumps or globules from penetrating into the base coat. A highly distinctive design is thus obtained which, together with the shading and color combination produced by my improved method, enables the production of ornamental enameled Ware having a pleasing appearance.

To those skilled in the art, many modifications of and widely differing embodiments and applications of my invention will suggest themselves without departing from the spirit and scope thereof. My disclosures and the description herein are purely illustrative and are not to be in any sense limiting.

What I claim is:

l. The process of producing ornamental enameled ware which comprises applying an enamel ground coating upon a foundation metal, drying the ground coating and then projecting globules or lumps of an enamel in the moist state upon the dried ground coating to form an ornamentation which projects from the surface of the ground coating, and then burning to vitrify the enamel and to provide projections which extend above the ground coating.

2. The process of producing ornamental enameled ware which comprises applying an enameled ground coating upon a foundation metal, drying and burning the ground coating and then projecting globules or lumps of an enamel in the moist state upon the burned ground coating while the foundation metal is hot to form an ornamentation which projects from the surface of the ground coating, and then burning to vitrify the enamel and to provide projections which extend above the ground coating.

3. The process of producing ornamental enameled ware which comprises applying an enamel coating to a foundation metal, drying and burning the applied coating, applying a thin layer of an additional coating, drying the additional coating, projecting a coating in the form of moist lumps or globules on the dried coating, drying the lumps, brushing away a portion of the lumps or globules, and then burning to produce enamelware having a projecting design.

4. The process of producing ornamental enameled ware which comprises applying a ground coating upon a foundation metal, drying and burning the ground coating, applying a thin layer of base enamel over the ground coating, drying the base coating, spraying a thin layer of a diiferent colored enamel in a substantially latj eral direction over the dried base coating to form a substantially smooth surface which appears as if small lumps had been projected upon the base coating, and burning the final coating to produce enamelware having the appearance of a projecting design.

6. The process of producing ornamental enameled ware, which comprises applying a ground coating of enamel upon a foundation metal, drying and burning the ground coating, applying a thin layer of an enamel base coating and drying the same, placing a stencil over the dried base coating, projecting enamel in the form of moist globules or lumps through the openings in the stencil, removing the stencil, and burning to produce enamelware having a projecting design.

7. The process of producing ornamental enameled ware, which comprises applying a ground coating of enamel upon a foundation metal, drying and burning the ground coating, applying a base coating over the foundation metal, drying the base coating, projecting globules or lumps of enamel over the surface of the base coating, spraying a different colored enamel in a lateral direction against the surface of the applied lumps, and finally burning the enamel to produce enamelware having a projecting design.

8. The process of producing ornamental enameled Ware, which comprises applying a ground coat of enamel upon a foundation metal, drying and burning the ground coating, applying a thin base coating of enamel over the ground coating, drying the base coating, placing a stencil over the dried base coating and projecting enamel in the form of lumps or globules through openings in the stencil to form projections, spraying a different colored enamel in lateral directions against one side of the projections, and then burning to vitrify the enamel and produce enamelware having a projecting design.

9. The process oi producing ornamental enameled Ware, which comprises applying a ground coat of enamel upon a foundation metal, drying and burning the ground coating, applying a thin light colored base coa-ting of enamel over the ground coat, drying the base coat, applying a stencil over the dried base coat, projecting globules or lumps of enamel having a different color than the base coat through openings in the stencil upon the dried base coat to form an embossed design, removing the stencil, spraying a dark colored enamel in a substantially lateral direction against the sides of the lumps so as to form a dark colored coating upon one side of the ernbossed design and a thin layer over the base coating between the designs, and burning the enamel to vitrify the same and produce enamelWare having a projecting design.

lil. The process of providing ornamental enameled ware, which comprises applying a ground coating of enamel upon a sheet of metal, drying and burning the ground coating, applying alight colored base coating of enamel over the ground coating, drying the base coating, applying a stencil over the central portion of the sheet, thereby partially covering the base coat, projecting globules or lumps of enamel having a dierent color through the openings in the stencil to form an embossed design, removing the stencil and spraying a dark colored enamel in a substantial lateral direction against the sides of the design so as to form a dark colored coating on one side of the embossed design, a thin dark layer over the base coating between the projections forming the design to produce an illusionary eiiect, and a substantially smooth coating over the border which has the appearance of being applied in the form of small lumps, and burning the enamel to vitrify the same and produce enamelware having a projecting design.

i1. The process of producing ornamental enameled Ware which comprises applying an` enameled coating to a foundation metal, drying and burning the applied coating, applying a thin layer of an additional coating, drying the additional coating, projecting a coating in the form of lumps on the dried coating, spraying a coating in a lateral direction against the lumps to produce a accesos shaded ei'ect, burning to produce enamelware having a projecting design, applying a stencil over the shadedy lumps and brushing away the unburned enamel exposed through the openings of the stencil.

l2. The process of producing ornamental enameled ware which comprises applying an enameled coa/ting to a foundation metal, drying and burning the applied coating, applying a coating in the form of lumps on the burned coating while the metal is hot, drying the lumps and brushing away a portion of the lumps, and then burning the enamel to produce enameled ware healingv a projecting design.

13. The process of producing ornamental enameled ware which comprises applying a ground coating upon a foundation metal, drying the ground coating, spraying a thin layer of a different colored enamel in a substantially lateral direction over the dried base coating and then iring to produce asubstantially smooth coating hav-ing the appearance of being applied in the form of small lumps.

14. The process of producing ornamental enameled Ware which comprises applying a ground coating upon a foundation metal, drying and burning the ground coating, heating the metal, spraying a thin layer of a different colored enamel in a substantially lateral direction over the ground coating, and' then firing to produce a substantially smooth coating having the appearance of being applied in the form of small lumps.

15. The process of producing ornamental enameled ware which comprises applying a ground coating upon a foundation metal, drying and burning the ground coating, applying a base coating, drying and burning the base coating, heating the metal, then spraying a different co1- cred enamel in a substantially lateral direction over the base coating to form a substantially smooth surface which appears as if Small lumps had been projected upon the base coating, and burning the final coating to produce enamelware having the appearance of a projecting design.

16. The process oi producing ornamental enameled Ware which comprises applying a ground coating upon a foundation metal, drying and burning the ground coating, applying a thin layer of base enamel over the ground coating, drying the base coating and spraying a thin layer of a different colored enamel in a substantially lateral direction over the dried base coating to form a substantially smooth surface which appears as if small lumps had been projected upon the base coating, and then burning to vitrify the enamel, and then burning the final coating to produce enamelware having the appearance of a projecting design.

ANDREW C. WEIERICH.