US20020124521A1 - Wooden trussed structural systems, such as frameworks, bridges, floors - Google Patents

Wooden trussed structural systems, such as frameworks, bridges, floors Download PDF

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Publication number
US20020124521A1
US20020124521A1 US09/866,432 US86643201A US2002124521A1 US 20020124521 A1 US20020124521 A1 US 20020124521A1 US 86643201 A US86643201 A US 86643201A US 2002124521 A1 US2002124521 A1 US 2002124521A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
planks
panel
wooden
node
reinforcement
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Abandoned
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US09/866,432
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English (en)
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Jean-Luc Sandoz
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Individual
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Individual
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/12—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of wood, e.g. with reinforcements, with tensioning members
    • E04C3/16—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of wood, e.g. with reinforcements, with tensioning members with apertured web, e.g. trusses
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/12—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of wood, e.g. with reinforcements, with tensioning members
    • E04C3/17—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of wood, e.g. with reinforcements, with tensioning members with non-parallel upper and lower edges, e.g. roof trusses

Definitions

  • Wood is a material which is very widely used in construction, and with which it is possible to produce a whole series of bearing systems having their own specific mechanical properties and capable of withstanding all levels and types of load.
  • the various bearing systems made of wood are posts and beams, trussed systems, jointed systems, portal frames, latticeworks of beams, shelves and elements operating as plates.
  • the trussed system is the most universal because it is capable of supporting very high loads, while at the same time being very simple to construct.
  • the trussed system is at the heart of the roof-truss systems used in Europe which were developed as long ago as the 12th century and which are still in use today.
  • Wooden trussed systems can be classified into two broad families illustrated schematically in the appended FIGS. 1 to 6 .
  • the first system known as the “system with parallel members”, illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 3 , is used, for example, for bridges or horizontal flooring systems.
  • a system such as this is made up of:
  • the assembly thus produced rests on at least two bearers ( 5 ).
  • bearers can sometimes be added within the system, but this is not always possible.
  • “Triangular” systems as illustrated in FIGS. 4 to 6 , are generally used to produce frameworks for roofing, and allow the roofs to be pitched.
  • the elements involved in producing such systems are made up of one or two principal rafters ( 6 ), of a tie ( 7 ), of diagonals ( 8 ) and possibly of one or more uprights ( 9 ).
  • Such assemblies rest on bearers ( 5 ) arranged at each end of the tie ( 7 ).
  • the invention relates to this technical field and is concerned more specifically with producing a new type of bearing system both in the case of systems with parallel members and in the case of triangular systems which, while at the same time having good mechanical properties, allow a reduction in the production costs and can be readily adapted to suit the characteristics desired for each specific application (load to be withstood, dimensions of the system, etc).
  • the first node in the case of frameworks, connections, ties ( 7 ), principal rafters ( 6 ) and diagonals ( 8 ), is made using pieces of solid wood or glued laminated timber, according to the requirements in terms of cross section, and the node is produced using metal fittings in the case of systems with high inertia, or even sometimes simply glued in the case of flooring systems of lower inertia.
  • German patent DE 3 910 027 proposes a solution with two-layer purlins and a trussing system with diagonals made of planks ( 5 ) or composite beams positioned in the web. Such a solution does not, however, allow the most heavily loaded nodes to be reinforced.
  • this solution has, in the central layer, planks which are nailed between the two planks of the other members. This nailing tends to cause the central plank to split because the distance to the loaded edge, parallel to the fibers, is too short. This central web made of planks therefore exhibits poor performance at its points of assembly.
  • this central web is forced to fill the entire space between the outer members because it has rigidity only along one axis, its longitudinal axis.
  • This web therefore constitutes a global zone between the outer members, and does not provide local reinforcement tailored to one single connecting node. It does not allow the node to optimized either in terms of performance (weakness to nailing) or in terms of economizing material (solid zone, with respect to local zone).
  • the various beams are produced actually on site by nailing at least three elemental planks, nailed together, and are characterized in that:
  • the three elemental planks that make up each beam are of the same thickness
  • [0034] consisting either of a continuous plank or of elemental planks placed end to end or spaced apart so as to form a mortise capable of accommodating a reinforcement of the “panel” type or, possibly, in the case of nodes which do not require reinforcement, a simple tenon formed by the end of the central plank of a beam associated with the system.
  • the solution according to the invention also makes it possible to reduce the bending moments in the joint because the reinforcement itself absorbs bending given that the “plate”-type reinforcement has very great rigidity because it works in both directions of its plane.
  • a reinforcement such as this makes it possible to support the shear forces of the internal beams, such as, for example, the shear force between a compressed diagonal and a tensioned beam, at the node, relieving the mechanical stress in the outer beam by a corresponding amount.
  • This reinforcement may be more or less isotropic according to the forces to be supported.
  • the beams involved in producing a system according to the invention will consist of at least three layers, the reinforcements therefore being positioned in the central layer, exposing the nails that pass through the reinforcement to two lots of shear by comparison with reinforcements exposed on the outside of the system as is often the case.
  • the two end posts will also consist of three layers nailed together, the central layer not consisting of a plank but consisting of a structural wooden element of the thin strip type protruding from the ends of the two lateral planks and toward the inside of the structure so as to form tenons capable of receiving the mortises of the other beams of the system.
  • the structural system according to the invention is characterized in that the number of planks involved in making up each layer is an odd number and is greater than three, for example five, a reinforcement being positioned at each node in the even-numbered layers.
  • the reinforcing ribs or plates are arranged at least at the bearing zones where the forces are at their highest.
  • assemblies of the trussed system may possibly be produced in the conventional way using a simple assembly of the “tenon/mortise” type, the tenon being formed by offsetting the central plank outward and the mortise being formed by the space between two elemental planks that make up the central plank.
  • the reinforcement or rib is fixed along its entire periphery to the other beams (ties, principal rafters, uprights or diagonals) simply by nailing, which is the most economical solution and has the advantage of being semi-rigid, allowing the entire plate to be stressed following deformation of the edge connectors.
  • FIGS. 1 to 3 and 4 to 6 illustrate the general structure of, on the one hand, systems with parallel members and, on the other hand, triangular systems that can be produced in accordance with the invention
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic view in elevation of a system with parallel members produced in accordance with the invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a detailed exploded perspective view of the ringed region in FIG. 7, showing how the assembly nodes are produced in the region of the bearer;
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic perspective view showing a framework produced in accordance with the invention with the various elements nailed together;
  • FIG. 10 is an exploded perspective view of the production of the nodes in the region of the end bearing zone and of the central upright with the tie and the diagonal of the framework.
  • the elemental planks involved in making each beam are solid planks with a cross section generally of between 10 and 30 cm wide by 3 to 8 cm thick.
  • individual planks may be made up of larger sections.
  • the length of said planks may vary according to the systems to be produced and will, for example, be between four and eight meters.
  • a system such as this is of the type featured in FIG. 1.
  • each beam consists of three elemental planks ( 10 , 11 , 12 ).
  • the intermediate plank ( 10 ) is offset with respect to the ends of the lateral planks ( 11 , 12 ) and, in this particular instance, this is by a distance of about 50 cm, thus allowing a recess forming a mortise ( 13 ) to be formed at each end.
  • the diagonals ( 4 ) are produced in a similar way from three planks and also have a mortise at their end.
  • the post ( 3 ) consists of two outer planks ( 14 ) between which is inserted, over its entire length, a third plank ( 15 ) which is intended to form the reinforcement of the panel type positioned in the web and which is formed of a structural panel of the thin strip type 4 cm thick, the outer planks ( 14 ) also being 4 cm thick.
  • This panel ( 15 ) protrudes from the lateral planks ( 14 , 15 ) at each end and forms a tenon 20 cm high thus corresponding to the width of the planks ( 10 , 11 , 12 ) of which the purlins are made, and 50 cm long corresponding to the length of the mortise ( 13 ) made at the ends of the beams that make up the purlins.
  • the reinforcing plate ( 15 ) extends over the entire surface of the system at each end in the region of the bearers ( 5 ), it could possibly be envisioned for reinforcing plates to be produced only at each of the ends, the central part of the post ( 3 ) then consisting of an additional plank, set back from the ends of the lateral planks.
  • the joint is also produced by inserting additional plates in the regions of the joints.
  • Each of the elements therefore comprises, in the region of the joining zone, a mortise intended to take the reinforcing element.
  • the assembly could be performed without a reinforcing element and the ends of the uprights (M) and diagonals ( 4 ) would have the shape of a tenon consisting of the central plank being offset outward while the purlins or members ( 1 , 2 ) would, along their length, have mortises obtained by making the internal plank ( 10 ) using elemental planks spaced apart by a length corresponding to the tenon at the ends.
  • FIGS. 9 and 10 An embodiment such as this in accordance with the invention is illustrated in FIGS. 9 and 10 and corresponds to the general structure featured in FIG. 4, it being understood that structures of the type illustrated in FIGS. 5 and 6 could be produced in a similar way.
  • This structure is also produced from planks with a cross section of 20 cm ⁇ 4 cm.
  • all of the zones of joining between the principal rafters ( 6 ), the tie ( 7 ), the diagonals ( 8 ) and the upright ( 9 ) comprise reinforcing panels denoted by the same reference ( 20 ).
  • all of the beams involved in producing such a system consist of three elemental beams ( 21 , 22 , 23 ) nailed together.
  • the central plank ( 21 ) is positioned set back from the ends of the lateral planks, so as to form in this region a mortise ( 24 ) capable of housing a reinforcing element.
  • the reinforcing insert ( 20 ) is of triangular shape, the base of the triangle having a length of 700 mm, and the triangle being 400 mm tall.
  • the various constituents are joined together by nailing and by the reinforcements ( 20 ) of the nodes, joined using a panel consisting of a structural wooden element of the thin strip type 4 cm thick.
  • the reinforcing panels positioned in the web of each beam make it possible to increase the area of the nailing zones reinforcing the structure.
  • Such an interfaced panel also regulates the bending moments in the joint on the purlins in the case of a system with parallel members or a triangular system, because the reinforcement itself absorbs the bending; it thus absorbs the shear between the internal beams arriving at the node, mechanically relieving the stress in the outer beam.
US09/866,432 1998-12-03 2001-05-25 Wooden trussed structural systems, such as frameworks, bridges, floors Abandoned US20020124521A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9815456A FR2786796B1 (fr) 1998-12-03 1998-12-03 Systemes structurels triangules en bois, tels que charpentes , ponts, planchers
FR98.15456 1998-12-03
PCT/FR1999/002627 WO2000032891A1 (fr) 1998-12-03 1999-10-28 Systemes structurels triangules en bois, tels que charpentes, ponts, planchers

Related Parent Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/FR1999/002627 Continuation WO2000032891A1 (fr) 1998-12-03 1999-10-28 Systemes structurels triangules en bois, tels que charpentes, ponts, planchers

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20020124521A1 true US20020124521A1 (en) 2002-09-12

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US09/866,432 Abandoned US20020124521A1 (en) 1998-12-03 2001-05-25 Wooden trussed structural systems, such as frameworks, bridges, floors

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US20020124521A1 (de)
EP (1) EP1135565B1 (de)
JP (1) JP2002531731A (de)
AT (1) ATE248965T1 (de)
AU (1) AU3791000A (de)
BR (1) BR9915894A (de)
DE (1) DE69911055T2 (de)
FR (1) FR2786796B1 (de)
WO (1) WO2000032891A1 (de)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20040194412A1 (en) * 2001-11-06 2004-10-07 Jean-Luc Sandoz Reinforced wooden structure, framework, building thus equipped and manufacturing method
US20070227095A1 (en) * 2006-03-16 2007-10-04 Peter Warren Hubbe Separated Member Wood Framing

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP4504781B2 (ja) * 2004-10-22 2010-07-14 株式会社モリタホールディングス 消防用梯子
FR2932828B1 (fr) * 2008-06-21 2010-06-25 Tecsan Sarl Sous-ensemble de charpente de support d'une couverture de toit et charpente en comportant application.
JP5464350B2 (ja) * 2010-03-03 2014-04-09 国立大学法人秋田大学 プレストレス木床版を用いた木橋
JP5856646B2 (ja) * 2014-04-30 2016-02-10 クリ英ター永和株式会社 木製トラス梁ユニット、及びその設置工法
JP7426253B2 (ja) 2020-02-18 2024-02-01 三井住友建設株式会社 トラス梁

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2886857A (en) 1953-12-14 1959-05-19 Hyresgaesternas Sparkasse Och Wooden beam constructions
FR1541776A (fr) * 1967-08-30 1968-10-11 Ferme de charpente
CH467402A (de) * 1967-12-15 1969-01-15 Ringbau Ag Gurt-Streben- Verbindung für Holz-Gitterträger
FR2303128A1 (fr) * 1975-03-07 1976-10-01 Habitat Communaute Travail Perfectionnements aux procedes pour l'assemblage des elements de charpente
FR2367883A1 (fr) * 1976-10-12 1978-05-12 Uhalde Bernier Sa Perfectionnements aux procedes de fabrication de charpentes en materiaux ligneux, procede tcp
DE3006404A1 (de) * 1980-02-21 1981-08-27 Streif Ohg, 5461 Vettelschoss Geleimter holzfachwerk-schalungstraeger
FI69498C (fi) 1983-10-07 1986-02-10 Metsaeliiton Teollisuus Oy Fog foer sammanfogning av traebalkar och fogens anvaendning vi takstolskonstruktionen
DE3910027A1 (de) 1989-03-28 1990-10-04 Wilhelm Patt Vorgefertigtes, freitragendes dachelement fuer den hochbau

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20040194412A1 (en) * 2001-11-06 2004-10-07 Jean-Luc Sandoz Reinforced wooden structure, framework, building thus equipped and manufacturing method
US20070227095A1 (en) * 2006-03-16 2007-10-04 Peter Warren Hubbe Separated Member Wood Framing

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69911055T2 (de) 2004-04-01
JP2002531731A (ja) 2002-09-24
AU3791000A (en) 2000-06-19
FR2786796A1 (fr) 2000-06-09
FR2786796B1 (fr) 2001-01-26
DE69911055D1 (de) 2003-10-09
ATE248965T1 (de) 2003-09-15
BR9915894A (pt) 2001-08-21
EP1135565A1 (de) 2001-09-26
WO2000032891A1 (fr) 2000-06-08
EP1135565B1 (de) 2003-09-03

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