US20020016812A1 - Method for automatically imparting reserve resource to logical partition and logical partitioned computer system - Google Patents

Method for automatically imparting reserve resource to logical partition and logical partitioned computer system Download PDF

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Publication number
US20020016812A1
US20020016812A1 US09/911,385 US91138501A US2002016812A1 US 20020016812 A1 US20020016812 A1 US 20020016812A1 US 91138501 A US91138501 A US 91138501A US 2002016812 A1 US2002016812 A1 US 2002016812A1
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Prior art keywords
resource
logical
reserve
logical partition
request
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US09/911,385
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Michihiro Uchishiba
Toru Horie
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Hitachi Ltd
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Hitachi Ltd
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Assigned to HITACHI, LTD. reassignment HITACHI, LTD. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: HORIE, TORU, UCHISHIBA, MICHIHIRO
Publication of US20020016812A1 publication Critical patent/US20020016812A1/en
Priority to US11/221,814 priority Critical patent/US7765545B2/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F9/00—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units
    • G06F9/06—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units using stored programs, i.e. using an internal store of processing equipment to receive or retain programs
    • G06F9/46—Multiprogramming arrangements
    • G06F9/50—Allocation of resources, e.g. of the central processing unit [CPU]
    • G06F9/5061—Partitioning or combining of resources
    • G06F9/5077—Logical partitioning of resources; Management or configuration of virtualized resources

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  • the present invention relates to a logical partitioned computer system, and more particularly to a logical partitioned computer system in which a plurality of logical partitions are provided by a control program called a hypervisor so as to operate an operating system (guest OS) in the respective logical partitions.
  • guest OS operating system
  • a logical partitioned computer system for effecting control by preparing logical partitions.
  • the logical partitioned computer system is configured by a control program called a hypervisor for controlling the logical partitions.
  • the hypervisor is a control program which constitutes a nucleus for controlling the logical partitions, and effects control of the assignment of resources (computer resources) including an instruction processor, a main storage device, and an input/output (I/O) channel, and the like.
  • the hypervisor is a control program for logically partitioning the physical resources and constituting walls among the logical partitions, and the main role of the hypervisor is to set “walls” for the hardware.
  • the amount of resources necessary at the time of operation of the guest OS's is estimated, the configurations of the logical partitions are defined in accordance with the estimation, and the resources are assigned in accordance with the defined configurations when the logical partitions are generated.
  • JP-A-6-110715 As for a method of this implementation, a detailed description is given in JP-A-6-110715. Although JP-A-6-110715 is premised on a virtual computer system, the virtual computer system has a function similar to that of logical partitioning, and the method of partitioning resources is also generally similar.
  • thrashing is known as a slowdown phenomenon which occurs due to the shortage of main memory.
  • thrashing if a real storage device is in short supply in a virtual storage system, paging occurs frequently. If this situation becomes exacerbated, a major portion of the processing time is spent by a control program for the purpose of page in and page out processing, and user programs practically fail to operate.
  • a method for automatically imparting a reserve resource to a logical partition in a logical partitioned computer system in which one or more logical partitions are provided in one physical computer, and an operating systems is operated in each of the logical partitions comprising the steps of: monitoring an amount of the resource being used in an amount of the resource being assigned to each of the logical partitions, requesting assignment of the resource to the physical computer if the resource is being used more than a predetermined threshold as a result of monitoring, and requesting collection of the resource to the physical computer if a surplus more than a predetermined threshold is present in the overall resource; and causing the physical computer upon receipt of the request to assign the reserve resource to the logical partition in the case of the assignment request, and to set the resource being assigned to the logical partition as the reserve resource in the case of the collection request.
  • the physical computer is provided with a resource managing unit for managing the resource being assigned to the physical computer and an assigning/collecting unit provided in the physical computer for effecting the assignment or collection of the resource with respect to each of the logical partitions
  • each of the logical partitions is provided with a monitoring unit for monitoring an amount of the resource being used out of an amount of the resource assigned and an adding/separating unit for requesting the assigning/collecting unit to add or separate the resource on the basis of a result of monitoring by the monitoring unit
  • the assigning/collecting unit inquires the resource managing unit in compliance with a request from the adding/separating unit, and assigns the resource to the logical partition when a reserve resource is present in the case of an assignment request, and collects the resource as the reserve resource in the resource managing unit in the case of a collection request.
  • the logical partitioned computer system further comprises: an external resource adding/separating unit provided in the physical computer, wherein the external resource adding/separating unit adds or separates the external resource with respect to the resource managing unit in response to an instruction for the addition or separation of the resource by an operator.
  • the logical partitioned computer system further comprises: a management table provided for each of the logical partitions in the physical computer, wherein information on assignability of the reserve resource is set in the management table, and when a resource assignment request has been received from the adding/separating unit of the logical partition, the contents of the information on assignability of the reserve resource in the logical partition management table are examined. If the contents indicate positive resource assignability, the assignment of the reserve resource is effected, whereas if the contents indicate negative resource assignability, the assignment of the reserve resource is not effected.
  • the resource managing unit sets the logical partition to which the reserve resource is assigned for each reserve resource, and upon receipt of the assignment request from the adding/separating unit in the logical partition, the resource managing unit assigns an assignable reserve resource to the logical partition.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating the configuration of the logical partitioned computer system in accordance with an embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating the configuration of hardware resources
  • FIG. 3 is a flowchart explaining processing by a reserve resource assigning/collecting unit of a hypervisor
  • FIG. 4 is a flowchart explaining processing by a guest resource adding/separating unit of a guest OS
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart explaining processing by an external resource adding/separating unit of the hypervisor
  • FIG. 6 is a flowchart explaining processing by a guest resource monitoring unit of the guest OS
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example in which instruction processors of the reserve resource are added to guests
  • FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example in which a main storage device of the reserve resource is added to the guests;
  • FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example in which I/O channels of the reserve resource are added to the guests.
  • FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a resource management table
  • FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating a logical partition management table
  • FIG. 12 is a flowchart explaining processing for securing the reserve resource in the reserve resource assigning/collecting unit of the hypervisor.
  • FIG. 13 is a flowchart explaining processing for determination of a logical partition in the reserve resource assigning/collecting unit of the hypervisor.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a logical partitioned computer system in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. First, referring to FIG. 1, a description will be given of a system for automatically imparting a reserve resource to a logical partition in accordance with the invention.
  • reference numeral 11 denotes a hypervisor
  • 12 a logical partition
  • 60 a guest resource monitoring unit for monitoring the amount of resources used by the guest OS
  • 40 a guest resource adding/separating unit
  • 50 an external resource adding/separating unit
  • 100 a resource management table
  • 20 a hardware resource
  • 14 a guest resource
  • 15 a reserve resource
  • 16 an external resource unrecognized by the hypervisor and the guest OS
  • 17 a hypervisor resource monitoring unit for monitoring the resource management table of the hypervisor.
  • the logical partitioned computer system is configured by dividing an instruction processor 201 , a main storage device 202 , an input/output (I/O) channel 203 , and the like which are the resources of a physical computer so as to generate a plurality of logical partitions 12 .
  • Each of the logical partitions 12 is capable of operating the guest OS 13 . If seen from the guest OS, the logical partition appears to be just like an independent computer.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating the configuration of resources.
  • the computer system has an instruction processor, a main storage device, and an I/O channel, and the hypervisor controls the assignment of these resources to the logical partitions.
  • the guest resources 14 , the reserve resource 15 , and the external resource 16 shown in FIG. 1 indicate portions or all of the three kinds of resources shown in FIG. 2.
  • the logical partitioned computer system is operated by estimating loads applied to the logical partitions and by determining the amounts of resources assigned to the logical partitions during the designing of the system.
  • FIG. 3 is a flowchart explaining processing by the reserve resource assigning/collecting unit of the hypervisor.
  • FIG. 4 is a flowchart explaining processing by the guest resource adding/separating unit of the guest OS.
  • FIG. 6 is a flowchart explaining processing by the guest resource monitoring unit of the guest OS.
  • the guest resource monitoring unit 60 of the guest OS monitors the resource used by the guest OS at fixed time intervals. As a result of performing monitoring a certain number of times when the surplus resource of the guest resource has decreased due to the occurrence of a high load or the like, the guest resource monitoring unit 60 detects that the guest OS is in a state of resource shortage or in a critical state leading to the resource shortage in a case where the surplus resource is below a certain threshold or in a case where an index representing a characteristic of the decrease is below a certain threshold (Step 601 ).
  • the guest resource monitoring unit 60 reports a resource shortage to the guest resource adding/separating unit 40 to the effect that a state of resource shortage has been detected in the following cases (Step 603 ):
  • the threshold for determining the resource shortage is to be given by parameters, commands, or the like for the respective guest OS's in accordance with the contents of activities and the operating state of the system, and the resetting of the threshold by the user during the operation may be allowed.
  • the guest resource adding/separating unit 40 determines the amount of resources required on the basis of the state of the guest OS, and reports the kind and amount of resource to the reserve resource assigning/collecting unit 30 of the hypervisor as a resource assignment request (Step 402 ). For example, in the case of the main storage device, a report is given as “main storage device 16 MB.”
  • the reserve resource assigning/collecting unit 30 determines the type of request from the guest OS (Step 301 ), and executes Step 302 and thereafter in the case of the resource assignment request.
  • Step 303 the resource management table 100 is referred to, and the requested reserve resource is secured (Step 304 ). (The determination of the logical partition in Step 302 will be described later.)
  • the guest resource adding/separating unit 40 changes the information (tables and the like for managing the resource) in the guest OS to make it possible for the guest OS to use the resource (Step 406 ).
  • the reserve resource of the hypervisor can be assigned to the logical partition, thereby making it possible for the guest OS to use the assigned resource.
  • FIG. 7 shows an example of the state of assignment of instruction processors.
  • Physical instruction processors 1 , 2 are assigned to logical instruction processors 1 , 2 ( 705 , 706 ) of a logical partition 1 ( 704 ), while a physical instruction processors 3 ( 703 ) is assigned to a logical instruction processor 3 ( 708 ) of a logical partition 2 ( 707 ).
  • a physical instruction processor 4 ( 704 ) of the reserve resource is assigned as a logical command processor 4 ( 709 ) in the logical partition 2 .
  • the instruction processor number 4 in the logical partition assignment map of the resource management table is changed from 0 to 2.
  • FIG. 8 shows an example of the state of assignment of the main storage device.
  • the main storage device ( 801 ) is assigned to the logical partitions 1 , 2 , and 3 ( 803 , 804 , and 805 ), and if the shortage of the main storage device occurs in the logical partition 3 , the reserve resource ( 802 ) of the main storage device is assigned to the main storage space ( 806 ) in the logical partition 3 .
  • the main storage number 6 in the logical partition assignment map is changed from 0 to 3.
  • FIG. 9 shows an example of the state of assignment of the I/O channels.
  • I/O channels 903 and 904 are assigned to the logical partition 1 ( 901 ), while an I/O channel 905 is assigned to the logical partition 2 ( 902 ), and accesses to an I/O device 908 are effected through an I/O device 907 .
  • an I/O channel ( 906 ) is assigned to the logical partition 2 .
  • the channel number in the logical partition assignment map is changed from 0 to 2.
  • the guest resource monitoring unit 60 After the assignment of the reserve resource to the logical partition due to a high load, when the load on the logical partition has decreased and surplus has occurred in the resource, and if, for instance, there has been a surplus of 30% or more with respect to the entire resource being assigned to the logical partition in the result of each of a plurality of times of monitoring, the guest resource monitoring unit 60 assumes that a surplus of the resource has been detected (Step 602 ), and reports the resource surplus to the guest resource adding/separating unit 40 (Step 604 ).
  • the guest resource adding/separating unit 40 Upon receipt of the report on the resource surplus (Step 401 ), the guest resource adding/separating unit 40 deletes the resource information from the internal table of the guest OS (Step 403 ), and makes a resource collection request to the hypervisor (Step 405 ).
  • the reserve resource assigning/collecting unit 30 of the hypervisor determines the type of request from the guest OS (Step 301 ), and executes Step 306 and thereafter in the case of the resource collection request.
  • the resource is collected from the logical partition, and the logical partition assignment map ( 1005 , 1010 , or 1013 ) in the relevant entry of the resource management table is changed to 0 (Step 308 ), and is held as the reserve resource of the hypervisor.
  • the resource which was once imparted to the logical partition becomes unnecessary, the resource is collected by the hypervisor as the reserve resource, and is held by the hypervisor until it is assigned to the logical partition in which the resource shortage occurred.
  • the hypervisor resource monitoring unit 17 for monitoring the reserve resource held by the hypervisor is provided to report the operator by such as outputting a message in a case where the remaining amount of the reserve resource has dropped below a certain threshold.
  • a customer engineer or maintenance person effects the additional installation of the resource in the physical computer and sets the computer in a physically usable state.
  • a resource addition request is sent to the external resource adding/separating unit 50 .
  • the external resource adding/separating unit 50 adds the external resource additionally installed in the resource management table 100 as a reserve resource (Step 502 ), thereby making it possible for the hypervisor to manage the additionally installed resource.
  • the external resource adding/separating unit 50 deletes the information of the resource for which the request has been made, so as to separate the resource from the reserve resource as the external resource which can be removed from the physical computer.
  • One method is that which makes it possible to select whether or not the assignment of the reserve resource is to be accepted in a certain logical partition.
  • This assignability is used at the time of making a determination as to whether or not the assignment is possible with respect to a logical partition when a resource assignment request has been made from the guest OS.
  • a region ( 1105 ) for storing the information on the assignability of the reserve resource is provided in a logical partition management table 1101 (shown in FIG. 11) for storing the constituent information for each logical partition, and this information on the assignability is held therein.
  • the logical partition management table is for allowing the hypervisor to store the information for managing the configuration of each logical partition such as a logical partition name 1102 , a logical partition number 1103 , a main storage capacity 1104 , and the like, and is essential to the configuration of the logical partitioned computer system.
  • Step 302 As for the details of the determination of assignability with respect to the logical partition (Step 302 ), as shown in FIG. 13, in a case where a resource assignment request has been made from the guest OS (Step 301 ), the logical partition management table of the logical partition which has made the request is referred to (Step 1301 ), and if the value of the assignability of the reserve resource is YES, the operation proceeds to the ensuing processing (Step 303 ). On the other hand, if the value is NO, the operation ends without doing anything for the resource assignment request from the guest OS (Step 1304 ).
  • the second method is one in which the reserve resource is partitioned, and the assignable logical partitions are set for the respective partitions.
  • logical partition assignability maps 1006 , 1011 , and 1014 are set for the respective reserve resource partitions, and the assignment of the partitioned resources is made possible only for the logical partitions where the logical partition numbers are present in the map.
  • the securing of the reserve resource is accomplished by searching such a resource that the value of the logical partition assignment map ( 1005 , 1010 , or 1013 ) in the resource management table is 0, and the logical partition number of the logical partition for which the assignment request has been made is present as the value of the logical partition assignability map ( 1006 , 1011 , or 1014 ).

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