US1572423A - Means for observing the working conditions in the cylinder of an internal-combustionengine - Google Patents

Means for observing the working conditions in the cylinder of an internal-combustionengine Download PDF

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US1572423A
US1572423A US577476A US57747622A US1572423A US 1572423 A US1572423 A US 1572423A US 577476 A US577476 A US 577476A US 57747622 A US57747622 A US 57747622A US 1572423 A US1572423 A US 1572423A
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passage
cylinder
combustion chamber
prismatic body
closing
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Chapman Harry
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B77/00—Component parts, details or accessories, not otherwise provided for
    • F02B77/08—Safety, indicating, or supervising devices
    • F02B77/085—Safety, indicating, or supervising devices with sensors measuring combustion processes, e.g. knocking, pressure, ionization, combustion flame

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  • This invention relates to means tor observing the working conditions in the cylinder of an internal combustion engine of the kind described in the specification accom.- panying my application for Letters Patent No. 175,79() tiled 7th June, 1921, in which an opening to the combustion chamber ot the cylinder is closed by transparentor translucent material and light t'rom the combustion of 'fuel therein is reflected to the eye ot an observer, means for preventing risk ot' injury in case ot tractureot such transparent material being provided it desired.
  • the object ot the present invention is to provide improvements in such a device with a view to prolongingfits life, simplifying its construction and increasing its utility.
  • a tap, cock or the like is provided tor cutting oft and protecting the transparent or translucent material from the combustion chamber.
  • the light trom the combustion chamber is y the prismatic body.
  • transn'iitted and refiected by means ot a prismatic body which may also be employed to close theopening to the con'ibustion cha1nber.
  • a sec- V0nd branch to the atmosphere likewisecontrolled by the same tap or cock may be fit-ted with a non-return exit valve, and be used tor scavenging purposes.
  • the device may be combined with a spark ⁇ ing plug adapter having a chamber capa-ble ot receiving the plug electrodes and providing ,communication between the nipple passage and the engine ycombustion chamber.
  • a spark ⁇ ing plug adapter having a chamber capa-ble ot receiving the plug electrodes and providing ,communication between the nipple passage and the engine ycombustion chamber.
  • Such an adapter enables the device to be used for viewing the spark. It desired means may be provided for coo-ling the de vice.
  • the prismatie body employed toy retlect raysk from the engine combustion chamber may be in the form of a cylinder ianged at one end and bevelled or curved at theother, the liange being used for securing the body in position and the bevel or curve, which may be silvered, to reiect the light.
  • the prismatic body When the prismatic body is curved it may be bevelled ⁇ at the exterior bend and its free end maybe rounded, to act as a magnifying glass.
  • a flat ⁇ face may, however, be formed on the prismatic body opposite the bevel, whether the cylinder is curved or not...l
  • Figure 1 is an elevation partly in section ot a device according to the presentinvention.
  • Figure 2 is a view similar'to Figure 1 showing a modification.
  • Figure 3 is a sectional elevation and Figures t and 5 are elevations ot parts of the device showing moditications.
  • Figures 6 and 7 are elevations showing 'further modifications and ⁇ Figure 8 is a sectional elevation showing a modiiication ot one of the parts.
  • a nipple 1 which forms a tap body is provided with a ,passage 2 extending through it and controlled by a tap 3.
  • the nipple 1 is screwed at one end as shown at 4t toenable ⁇ it to be attached to the en- 1gine with one end of the passage 2 incomnumication with. the combustion chamber.
  • a displaceable.shield 9 isinounted .on the exterior of the extension 6,"being held thereon by friction which may be ensured by any suitable forni otspring such as by slotting the open end of the shield, the exterior otthe extension'b being slightly conical it desired.
  • a viewing; aperture 10 is made in the shield 9 and a refiector 11 is carried in the shield opposite the viewing aperture 10.
  • this device is in position theworkingv conditions of the cylinder to which it is attached vmay be observed at will tl'irough .the aperture 10 by opening the tap 3, the colour of the 'explosion flan'ie Vforming a reliable'indication otY such conditions.” ⁇ At other times the lens 5 may be cut oif and protected from the cylinder gases, oil7 coinbustion products, and fuel, by closing the capot-3.
  • a branch 12 from the nipple passage 2 to the atmosphere may be provided in such a position and the tap spindle orifice 13 be of suclrsize that both the lpassage 2 and the branch y12 may be cont-rolled by the one tap 8.
  • the branch 12( will ⁇ be opened tothe cylinder and will act as afcompres ⁇ sion relief, and by turning the tapv handle still turtherthe vbranch 12 willbe closed andthe lens 5 be' placed' ⁇ in communication with the combustion chamber.
  • the lens 5 and the reflector V11 are replaced by a single ⁇ prismatic body 1er-0'1": glass or other t 'ansparent ory translucent material.
  • the prisinatic body 14 which is 'shown detached in Figure i is constituted by a glass 4cylinder flanged at one end vas, shownat 15 and bevelled at the other e'nd as shown vat 15.
  • the ltace ot' the cylinder opposite to the bevel 16 may either be lett rounded or may-be' flatas' indicated at l17.
  • the flange 15 enables the prismatic vbody to be mounted in ai gas tight manner in the eX- tension 6,-'an'd if desired this endot lthe body 14 may be convex in shape to act as a lens.
  • the mere curvature is sufficient in somecases' although the exterior bend of the curve may be vbevelled as shownin dotted lines in Figure 5 at 16 to provide a flat surface and to increase the brightness ot' the lreilection.
  • the curve or bevel ⁇ may be silvered for a'liliejpurpose, although ⁇ the silvering long periods.
  • ⁇ Athe lightfrom the-combustion chamber is isI preferably ,”oniitted 'when thedevice is intended to be 1n continuous operation for
  • the free end through which viewed may either be flat or rounded as shown at ,17A tov actasfya magnifying (glass.
  • InFig'ure 2 also a second branch 18 from the passage 2 to the atmosphere is illustrated,y and-this .branchl is closed byy a non-return exit valve 19.
  • the branches 12 and 18 as well asthe passa-gel 2 are all controlled by the onetap 3.
  • this tap isplaced in such a position' as tov open both the branch 18 4and the part of the passage 2 above v.it to the cylinder these parts may be scavenged, the non-return exit lvalve 19 allowing waste gases' to pass into theair, and preventing air--froin-beingdrawn in.
  • Byopening both the branch 12 and the passage 2v simultaneously tothe combustion i chamber asimilar result will be attained, but air will'be admitted to the inner surfaceot the prismatic body 14;
  • the prisinatic 'body 14 isv mountedin the displaceable shieldvr 9, the -lniss'a'ge' 2 being closed by the lens '5 ras intheorin illustrated in Figure 1.
  • la device according to the present invention may be combined with a sparking plug adapter'ns shown in ' Figure G, the lone' opening inthe combustion chamber serving both-for ignition oi the fuel' and to view the' result.
  • the adapter 20' is torm'ednwith a 'chamber 211e receive the sparking' plugfelectrodes the ⁇ plug being screwed therein'instead ot in the conibusi 1tion chamber; eThe adapter.
  • 2O is provided 'with a 'screwed or Itapped 'boss on to whichth'e nipple l of the viewing device is screwed,' the boss having f:ip'a'ssag'e through-1 it entering the 'chamber l and forming acontinuation of thc'passage 2 when the-device in position.
  • the adapter is also providedwith a threaded boss 23 to renable it to beiitted -to the combustion chamber and this boss likewise is provided with a A'passage through it from the chamber 21.
  • the combinationot such an adapter with theviewing device enablesthe spark itself' -to ⁇ be seen as well as ⁇ the'ex'osion tiaine.
  • the displacea-ble shield 9 not only serves to cnt oii exterior light from the lens or the like closing the vpassage 2 but it such lens should happen to be 'fractured the shield will be blown otf along the axial line of the extension 6 ⁇ and nut 7 and will thus protect the vobserver from risk of injury.
  • the viewing ⁇ device may be permanently iitted to the eng'ine if desired, the tap 3 protecting the lens, prismatic body orthe like from the action of the explosive gases, and flames when not in actual use.
  • the tap 3 protecting the lens, prismatic body orthe like from the action of the explosive gases, and flames when not in actual use.
  • lVhat I claim is l.
  • the combination with a nipple or the like h aving aI passage through it, means for placing one end of the passage in communication with the combustion chamber ot the engine, a prismatic body permitting ⁇ the passage of' light closing the other end of the passage, a cock capable of opening and 'closing communication between the prismatic body and the combustion chamber and a displaceable shield over the prismatic body having a viewing aperture, substair tially as specified.
  • con'ibination with a nipple or the like having a ⁇ passage through it means ior placing one end of thc passage in communication with the combustion chamber of. the engine, a prismatic body permitting the passage ol light closing the other end of the passage, a cock capable o opening and closing co1nnnmication between the prismatic body and the combustion chamber, a displaceable shield over the prismatic body having a viewing aperture, and a branch from the nipple passage to the atmosphere, both the branch and the ina-in passage being controlled by the same cock, substantially as specified.
  • a nipple or the like having a passage through it, means for placing one end ot the passage in communication with the coi'nbustion chamber of the engine, a prismatic body permitting the passage ot light closing the other end ot the passage, a cock capable ot' opening and closing coinmunication between the prismatic body and the. combustion chamber, a displaceable shield over the prismatic body having a viewing aperture, and two branches from the nipple passage to the atmosphere, both branches and the main passage being controlled vby the sain-e cock, and one of the branches being fitted. with a nonreturn exitvalve, substantially specified,
  • the combination with a passage opening to the combustion chamber ot a prismatic body closing the passageand transmitting and reilecting light from the combustion chamber, the prismatic body being in the form of a cylinder flanged at one end and having a silvered surface at the other end reflecting light, transmitted axially through it, at an angle to its axis, substantially as speciiied.
  • the combination with a passage opening to the combustion chamber, ot a. prismatic body closing the passage and transmitting and reflecting light from the combustion chamber, the prismatic body being in the form o'l a cylinder lflanged at one end, bevelled at the other and formed with a Hat :lace opposite the'bevel, sulistantially as specified.
  • the con'lbination ol' a, nipple or the like having a. passage through it, means tor placing one end ot' rthe passage in communication with the combustion chamber ot the engine, a prismatic body permitting the passage of light closing the other end of vthe passage in the form ol a cylinder Hanged at one end bevelled at the other and 'Formed with a flat face opposite the bevel, a cock capable of opening and closing commnnication betweenV the prismatic body and the combustion chamber and a displaeeable shield over the prismaticV body having a viewing aperture, substantially as specilied.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)

Description

Feb. 9 1926. v 1,572,423 A `H.' CHAPMAN Y @MEANS Non oBsERvINs THE WORKING CONDITIONS IN THE CYLINDER oF AN INTERNAL coMBUsTIoN ENGINE Filed July 25, 1922 l Patented Feb. 9, 1926.
v UNITED STATES PATENT oFFlcE..
HARRY CHAPMAN, OF SHEFFIELD, ENGLAND.
'MEANS FOR OBSERVING THE WORKNG CONDITIONS IN THE CYLINDER OF AN l NTERNAL-COMBSTONENGINE.
Appncaaon sied July 25, 1922. i serial No. 577,476.
fo all 'whom/ may concern:
Be it known that I, HARRY CHAraniN, a subject ot the King ot England, residing at Shetlield, in Yorkshire, England, have invented certain new and usetul Improvements Relating to Means tor Observing the lVorking Conditions in the Cylinder' ot` an Internal-Combustion Engine (for which I .tiled an application for patent in Great Britain on the 10th August, 1921) and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description ot the same.
This invention relates to means tor observing the working conditions in the cylinder of an internal combustion engine of the kind described in the specification accom.- panying my application for Letters Patent No. 175,79() tiled 7th June, 1921, in which an opening to the combustion chamber ot the cylinder is closed by transparentor translucent material and light t'rom the combustion of 'fuel therein is reflected to the eye ot an observer, means for preventing risk ot' injury in case ot tractureot such transparent material being provided it desired. The object ot the present invention is to provide improvements in such a device with a view to prolongingfits life, simplifying its construction and increasing its utility.
According to the present invention a tap, cock or the like is provided tor cutting oft and protecting the transparent or translucent material from the combustion chamber.
. The light trom the combustion chamber is y the prismatic body.
transn'iitted and refiected by means ot a prismatic body which may also be employed to close theopening to the con'ibustion cha1nber. lna convenient construction a nipple i inder and to torni a )rimin oieninoV both the branch and the main V.passage being controlled by the same tap or cock. A sec- V0nd branch to the atmosphere likewisecontrolled by the same tap or cock may be fit-ted with a non-return exit valve, and be used tor scavenging purposes.
The device may be combined with a spark` ing plug adapter having a chamber capa-ble ot receiving the plug electrodes and providing ,communication between the nipple passage and the engine ycombustion chamber. Such an adapter enables the device to be used for viewing the spark. It desired means may be provided for coo-ling the de vice. v
The prismatie body employed toy retlect raysk from the engine combustion chamber may be in the form of a cylinder ianged at one end and bevelled or curved at theother, the liange being used for securing the body in position and the bevel or curve, which may be silvered, to reiect the light. When the prismatic body is curved it may be bevelled `at the exterior bend and its free end maybe rounded, to act as a magnifying glass. A flat `face may, however, be formed on the prismatic body opposite the bevel, whether the cylinder is curved or not...l
In the accompanying drawings Y Figure 1 is an elevation partly in section ot a device according to the presentinvention.
Figure 2 is a view similar'to Figure 1 showing a modification.
Figure 3 is a sectional elevation and Figures t and 5 are elevations ot parts of the device showing moditications.
Figures 6 and 7 are elevations showing 'further modifications and `Figure 8 is a sectional elevation showing a modiiication ot one of the parts.
`Like 'reference numerals indicate. like parts throughout the drawings.
In the construction illustrated in Figure 1 a nipple 1, which forms a tap body is provided with a ,passage 2 extending through it and controlled by a tap 3. The nipple 1 is screwed at one end as shown at 4t toenable `it to be attached to the en- 1gine with one end of the passage 2 incomnumication with. the combustion chamber.
or other suitable packing in an 'internally 'ianged hollow extension '6k ofV a nut 7 by neans of a ring 8. kBy screwing theuiut 7 to the end of thel nipple-1 the lens`5 may thus be caused to closethe passagel 2. A displaceable.shield 9 isinounted .on the exterior of the extension 6,"being held thereon by friction which may be ensured by any suitable forni otspring such as by slotting the open end of the shield, the exterior otthe extension'b being slightly conical it desired. A viewing; aperture 10 is made in the shield 9 and a refiector 11 is carried in the shield opposite the viewing aperture 10.
lVhen this device is in position theworkingv conditions of the cylinder to which it is attached vmay be observed at will tl'irough .the aperture 10 by opening the tap 3, the colour of the 'explosion flan'ie Vforming a reliable'indication otY such conditions."` At other times the lens 5 may be cut oif and protected from the cylinder gases, oil7 coinbustion products, and fuel, by closing the capot-3.
A branch 12 from the nipple passage 2 to the atmosphere may be provided in such a position and the tap spindle orifice 13 be of suclrsize that both the lpassage 2 and the branch y12 may be cont-rolled by the one tap 8. Thusv by partially turning the tap handle upwards from the position shown in Figure 1, the branch 12( will` be opened tothe cylinder and will act as afcompres` sion relief, and by turning the tapv handle still turtherthe vbranch 12 willbe closed andthe lens 5 be' placed'` in communication with the combustion chamber.
In the modication illustrated in Figure 2 the lens 5 and the reflector V11 are replaced by a single` prismatic body 1er-0'1": glass or other t 'ansparent ory translucent material.,r The prisinatic body 14 which is 'shown detached in Figure i is constituted by a glass 4cylinder flanged at one end vas, shownat 15 and bevelled at the other e'nd as shown vat 15. The ltace ot' the cylinder opposite to the bevel 16 may either be lett rounded or may-be' flatas' indicated at l17. The flange 15 enables the prismatic vbody to be mounted in ai gas tight manner in the eX- tension 6,-'an'd if desired this endot lthe body 14 may be convex in shape to act as a lens. n
Figure -illustrates a rmodified form ot the prisinat-ic body le in which-the flanged cylinderis curved to retie'ctgat the desired angle light rpassingthrough it. The mere curvature is sufficient in somecases' although the exterior bend of the curve may be vbevelled as shownin dotted lines in Figure 5 at 16 to provide a flat surface and to increase the brightness ot' the lreilection. In all .cases the curve or bevel` may be silvered for a'liliejpurpose, although `the silvering long periods. `Athe lightfrom the-combustion chamber is isI preferably ,"oniitted 'when thedevice is intended to be 1n continuous operation for The free end through which viewed may either be flat or rounded as shown at ,17A tov actasfya magnifying (glass.
InFig'ure 2"also a second branch 18 from the passage 2 to the atmosphere is illustrated,y and-this .branchl is closed byy a non-return exit valve 19. The branches 12 and 18 as well asthe passa-gel 2 are all controlled by the onetap 3. When this tap isplaced in such a position' as tov open both the branch 18 4and the part of the passage 2 above v.it to the cylinder these parts may be scavenged, the non-return exit lvalve 19 allowing waste gases' to pass into theair, and preventing air--froin-beingdrawn in. Byopening both the branch 12 and the passage 2v simultaneously tothe combustion i chamber asimilar result will be attained, but air will'be admitted to the inner surfaceot the prismatic body 14;
In the' modiiication shown in Figure the prisinatic 'body 14 isv mountedin the displaceable shieldvr 9, the -lniss'a'ge' 2 being closed by the lens '5 ras intheorin illustrated in Figure 1.
InV some cases, especial-ly when the engine isnot1provided with valve caps and in cases where it 'is inconvenient to provide additional"openings into the combustionfcham'ber, la device according to the present invention may be combined with a sparking plug adapter'ns shown in 'Figure G, the lone' opening inthe combustion chamber serving both-for ignition oi the fuel' and to view the' result. n The adapter 20'is torm'ednwith a 'chamber 211e receive the sparking' plugfelectrodes the `plug being screwed therein'instead ot in the conibusi 1tion chamber; eThe adapter. 2O is provided 'with a 'screwed or Itapped 'boss on to whichth'e nipple l of the viewing device is screwed,' the boss having f:ip'a'ssag'e through-1 it entering the 'chamber l and forming acontinuation of thc'passage 2 when the-device in position. The adapter is also providedwith a threaded boss 23 to renable it to beiitted -to the combustion chamber and this boss likewise is provided with a A'passage through it from the chamber 21. The combinationotsuch an adapter with theviewing device enablesthe spark itself' -to` be seen as well as `the'ex'osion tiaine.-
Means foncooling a device'accordingto the presentdnvention niaybev provided ,it desired, Figure -7 illustratingcooling lins 24 on the lnipplel and Figur@ S Showing cooling fins2lon an-adapter 20 of 'slightly difierent shape 'from Ethatl shown in :Figure .6. XVhenthe cooljingxiins Y2x1-are situated liieltween the tap 3 and the Vviewing 'device ,shown ijn- Figure Y anadditionzii scavenging aperture closed by a screw 25 may be provided if desired.
The displacea-ble shield 9 not only serves to cnt oii exterior light from the lens or the like closing the vpassage 2 but it such lens should happen to be 'fractured the shield will be blown otf along the axial line of the extension 6 `and nut 7 and will thus protect the vobserver from risk of injury.
By the employment ot' the present invention the viewing` device may be permanently iitted to the eng'ine if desired, the tap 3 protecting the lens, prismatic body orthe like from the action of the explosive gases, and flames when not in actual use. To clean the lens or its equivalent it is only necessary to nnscrew the nut 7 whereby the inner tace of the lens will be rendered accessible.
lVhat I claim is l. In an internal combustion engine, the combination with a nipple or the like h aving aI passage through it, means for placing one end of the passage in communication with the combustion chamber ot the engine, a prismatic body permitting` the passage of' light closing the other end of the passage, a cock capable of opening and 'closing communication between the prismatic body and the combustion chamber and a displaceable shield over the prismatic body having a viewing aperture, substair tially as specified.
2. In an internal combustion engine, the
con'ibination with a nipple or the like having a` passage through it, means ior placing one end of thc passage in communication with the combustion chamber of. the engine, a prismatic body permitting the passage ol light closing the other end of the passage, a cock capable o opening and closing co1nnnmication between the prismatic body and the combustion chamber, a displaceable shield over the prismatic body having a viewing aperture, and a branch from the nipple passage to the atmosphere, both the branch and the ina-in passage being controlled by the same cock, substantially as specified.
Y 3. In an internal combustion engine, the combination'with a nipple or the like having a passage through it, means for placing one end ot the passage in communication with the coi'nbustion chamber of the engine, a prismatic body permitting the passage ot light closing the other end ot the passage, a cock capable ot' opening and closing coinmunication between the prismatic body and the. combustion chamber, a displaceable shield over the prismatic body having a viewing aperture, and two branches from the nipple passage to the atmosphere, both branches and the main passage being controlled vby the sain-e cock, and one of the branches being fitted. with a nonreturn exitvalve, substantially specified,
ll. In an internal combustion engine, the combination with a passage opening to thc combustion chamber, of a prismatic body closing the passage and transmitting and reflecting light from the combustion chamber, the prismatic body being in the form of a cylinderl flanged at one end and having a surface at the other end reflecting light, transmitted axially through it, at an angle to its axis, substantially as specified.
5. In an internal combustion engine, the combination with a passage opening to the combustion chamber, ot a prismatic body closing the passageand transmitting and reilecting light from the combustion chamber, the prismatic body being in the form of a cylinder flanged at one end and having a silvered surface at the other end reflecting light, transmitted axially through it, at an angle to its axis, substantially as speciiied.
6. In an internal combustion engine, the combination with a passage opening to the combustion chamber, of a prismatic body closing the passage and transmitting and reflecting light 'from theV combustion chamber, the prismatic body being in theform of a cylinder iiange'd at one end `and bevelled at the other substantially as specified.
7. In an internal combustion engine, the combination with a passage opening to the combustion chamber, of a prismatic body closing the passage and transmitting and reiiecting light from the combustion chamber, the prismatic body being in the torni ot a cylinder flanged at one end and bevelled and silvered at the other, substantially as specified.
8. In an internal combustion engine, the combination. with a passage opening to the combustion chamber, ot a. prismatic body closing the passage and transmitting and reflecting light from the combustion chamber, the prismatic body being in the form o'l a cylinder lflanged at one end, bevelled at the other and formed with a Hat :lace opposite the'bevel, sulistantially as specified.
9. In an internal combustion engine the con'lbination ol' a, nipple or the like having a. passage through it, means tor placing one end ot' rthe passage in communication with the combustion chamber ot the engine, a prismatic body permitting the passage of light closing the other end of vthe passage in the form ol a cylinder Hanged at one end bevelled at the other and 'Formed with a flat face opposite the bevel, a cock capable of opening and closing commnnication betweenV the prismatic body and the combustion chamber and a displaeeable shield over the prismaticV body having a viewing aperture, substantially as specilied. f
In testimony whereof I hereunto atiix my signature,
.HARRY CHAPMAN,
US577476A 1922-07-25 1922-07-25 Means for observing the working conditions in the cylinder of an internal-combustionengine Expired - Lifetime US1572423A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE756146C (en) * 1941-07-31 1952-12-15 Bmw Flugmotorenbau Ges M B H Device for the production of rib cylinders
US2786168A (en) * 1954-02-23 1957-03-19 Fort Pitt Packaging Co Inc Method and apparatus for preserving motor vehicles

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE756146C (en) * 1941-07-31 1952-12-15 Bmw Flugmotorenbau Ges M B H Device for the production of rib cylinders
US2786168A (en) * 1954-02-23 1957-03-19 Fort Pitt Packaging Co Inc Method and apparatus for preserving motor vehicles

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