US1561913A - Oil engine - Google Patents

Oil engine Download PDF

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Publication number
US1561913A
US1561913A US729143A US72914324A US1561913A US 1561913 A US1561913 A US 1561913A US 729143 A US729143 A US 729143A US 72914324 A US72914324 A US 72914324A US 1561913 A US1561913 A US 1561913A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
chamber
plunger
fuel
oil
combustion
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US729143A
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English (en)
Inventor
Clessie L Cummins
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
OIL ENGINE DEV Co
OIL ENGINE DEVELOPMENT Co
Original Assignee
OIL ENGINE DEV Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by OIL ENGINE DEV Co filed Critical OIL ENGINE DEV Co
Priority to US729143A priority Critical patent/US1561913A/en
Priority to CH116427D priority patent/CH116427A/de
Priority to DEO14992D priority patent/DE481759C/de
Priority to DK38553D priority patent/DK38553C/da
Priority to AT108306D priority patent/AT108306B/de
Priority to GB19360/25A priority patent/GB237915A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US1561913A publication Critical patent/US1561913A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M57/00—Fuel-injectors combined or associated with other devices
    • F02M57/02—Injectors structurally combined with fuel-injection pumps
    • F02M57/021—Injectors structurally combined with fuel-injection pumps the injector being of valveless type, e.g. the pump piston co-operating with a conical seat of an injection nozzle at the end of the pumping stroke
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M67/00—Apparatus in which fuel-injection is effected by means of high-pressure gas, the gas carrying the fuel into working cylinders of the engine, e.g. air-injection type
    • F02M67/02—Apparatus in which fuel-injection is effected by means of high-pressure gas, the gas carrying the fuel into working cylinders of the engine, e.g. air-injection type the gas being compressed air, e.g. compressed in pumps
    • F02M67/04—Apparatus in which fuel-injection is effected by means of high-pressure gas, the gas carrying the fuel into working cylinders of the engine, e.g. air-injection type the gas being compressed air, e.g. compressed in pumps the air being extracted from working cylinders of the engine

Definitions

  • This invention relates to oil burning engines of the general ty e wherein the fuel is burned by the heat o the air compressed by the piston within the combustion chamber of the cylinder.
  • the principal object of my invention is lto provide an oil burning engine which eliminatesv or overcomes many of the objections to, and defects in oil burning engines of those types in which thel charge of oil is injected into the combustion chamber by f a blast o compressed air delivered from an external source, as in the well-known Diesel engine, or in which the charge is injected into the combustion space by a preliminary explosion in an auxiliary chamber, as in the well vknown I-Ivid or Brons engines, or in which vpart or all of the fuel charge is ejected-in liquid form directly into the coinbustion space by mechanical means, while at the same time ⁇ my engine will possess many of the advantages of sucli types of enginesand be more simple in design, more efficient and economical 1n operation, capable of developing hi h power, possessed of a marked degree o flexibility, and free from carbon troubles.
  • FIG.A 1 isla vertical fragmentary section taken through the u per part of a four-cycle engine showing t e preferred form of embodiment of my invention applied thereto;
  • Fig. 2 is a bottom plan view ofthe inner cup-shaped member section through an injector embodying va modified form of my invention.
  • Fig. 1 illustrates, in section, the upper part of a cylinder 6 and reciprocating piston 7 of a four-cycle engine, to which, for the pur oses of illustration, I have shown the pre erred form of embodiment of my invention applied.
  • An air intake valve 8 and an exhaust valve 9 may be of any approved construction.
  • the fuel injector in general, comprises a body member or lug 10, an injecting plunger 11, operable 1n the central bore 11 of the plug, a cup-shaped member 12 litting over and about the lower end of the plug 10, a second cup-sha ed member 13 of generally similar shape, tted over the inner cup-shaped member 12, and a fuel inlet -valve 14 mounted in a bore 15 in the plug.
  • the lower end of the central bore inthe plug is closed by the lower conical end of the cup 12 so that when the plunger 11 1s retracted or elevated to the position illustrated in Fig. l an atomizing or Vaporizing chamber 16 is formed under the plunger 11'.
  • the bottom of this chamber, formed by the cup 12,' is conical and of the -saine contour as the lower conical end' of the plunger 11, to lform a seat for this conical end, and the apex 'of the conical e seat is provided with a very shallow opening 17 into which the pointed end f the plunger 11 projects when the latter is in its lowered position.
  • a centrally-located circular rotrudin portion 18 having grooves 19 t erein ra iating outwardly from the central opening 17, so that an annular oil space 20 around the cylinder, is provided with very restricted passages or openings 21 communica.
  • the lwerend of the fuelp inlet valve 'ido 14 is pointed and is adapted to close the upper end of a conduit 22 leading to the annular space 20 and a large groove 20' in the bottom of the cup member 12.
  • the lower end of the plunger 11 has a concaved seat which may be spherical as shown, or conical, if desired.
  • a convex seat 24 which may be spherical as shown, or conical if the lower end of the plunger 11 is provided with a concave conical end.
  • the radiating distributing openings 2l open into the vaporizing chamber 16 adjacent the edge of the seat 24 and are preferably arranged tangential to this seat.
  • the fuel conduit 22 extends through the lower end of the cup member 23 and opens at the center of the seat 24 and upwardly into the vaporizing chamber 16.
  • Each charge of fuel when it is deposited in the annular space 20 and the grooves 19. serves to cool the pointed projecting end of the injector, and hence prevents it from getting so hot as to cause pre ignition, or cause a deposit of carbon thereon, and at the same time the absorption of the heat by the charge heats the oil and makes it more easil and thoroughly vaporizable.
  • the plunger 11 is then hel in retracted position during the remainder of the compression stroke, and during such stroke part of the heated air, compressed in the combustion chamber and heated due to its compression, is forced to flow throu h the openin 21 into the vaporizing c iamber 16.
  • 'Ishese streams of highly compressed heated air rushin through the openings 21 sweep throug the heated oil in the lower end of the vaporizing chamber 16 with the result that the oil is entrained with the air and thoroughly mixed, atomized, and vaporized with it in the vaporizing. chamber 16.
  • the plunger 11 is rapidly advanced or de ressed until its lower end is firmly seate and during this movement of the plunger the dry gaseous mixture of fuel and air is rapidly forced out of the chamber 16 through vthe restricted radiatin f openings 21 into the combustion chamber o the cylinder. As this dry gaseous charge is injected into the combustion chamber it ignites or explodes, thereby greatly increasing the pressure in the combustion chamber, driving the piston downwardly.
  • the plunger 11 is lowered, to in'ect the charge into the combustion cham er, the plunger is fully advanced so that its lower end is seated against the seat to insure the injection of all of the dry gaseous charge from the vaporizing chamber in order that the maximum efficiency may be obtained and the formation of carbon in the vaporizing chamber and the communicating restricted passages is prevented.
  • this is also an important desideratum of my invention, and with this in view the openings 21 are preferably madey as short and small as practical.
  • the operation of the modified form is substantially the saine as that of the preferred form, described above.
  • the compressed air., during the compression stroke rushes through the openings 21 and sweeps through orl over the oil deposited on or .around the edge of the seat 24 with the result that the oil is thoroughly agitated land vaporized so that it forms with the heated air a dry gaseous mixture which is ejected in such form into the combustion space when the plunger 11 is lowered.
  • a fuel vaporizing and injecting device comprising a chambervhaving restricted openings between it and the combustion s ace of the cylinder, a plunger operable in said chamber, means for discharging a charge of liquid fuel directly into said chamber' and at a point where it forms a vpool over said openings so that the charge of fuel is-heated, vaporized and mixed with the air forced from the combustion space into said chamber through said openings, and means for operating said plunger to eject the entire gasified mixture of air and fuelfrom 'said chamber through said communicating openings into said combustion space.
  • fuel vaporizing and injecting device having its discharge end subjected to the heat of combustion in the combustion space of the c linder. and comprising a chamber having s ort restricted radiating openings between it and the combustion space of the cylinder serving as the sole means through which air enters said-chamber, a plun er operable in said chamber, means for con ucting the liquid fuel through said heated end and discharging said li uid fuel into said chamber at a point direct y in the path of air forced by said piston from the combustion space through said openings so vthat the fuel is y vaporized and mixed with such air in said chamber, and -means for operating said plunger to eject the entire mixture of air and fuel from said chamber through said j short openin s into the combustion space.
  • prising va chamber having restricted communicating means between it'and the combust-ion s ace of said cylinder, a lunger o rable 1n said chamber, means or disc arginglliquid fuel into said device at a int w 'ch is in the path ofthe air forced om said combustion space through said communicating meansso that the fuel is4 mixed with and thorou hly vaporized by the air forced'into said c amber, and means forretracting 'said plunger while the'fuel is 'being so deposited and subsequently advanc- .for retracting said plunger while the fuel is being so deposited and during the remainder of the suction stroke and -then advancing the plunger to eject the mixture of fuel and air from said chamber into the combustion s ace.
  • fuel vaporizing and injecting device com' prising a chamber having restricted communicating openings ⁇ between it and the combustion space of the cylinder, a plunger operable in said chamber, means for depositingliquid fuel at the discharge end of said chamber during the suction stroke of the v l iston so that the air forced b lthe piston rom the combustion space t rough said openings mixes with and vaporizes the fuel in said chamber, and means for retracting v said plunger while the fuel is being so deposited and for advancing said plunger to eject the entire mixture of fuel and air from said chamber into the combustion space during the combustion stroke of the engine.
  • a fuel vaporizin and injecting device comprisin a chamer and a plunger operable in said c amber which has a seat at-its discharge end against which the end of the plunger seats when vfully advanced, the device also being provided with fuel-feeding and restricted passages for causin the fuel to enter said chamber through sai seat and the entire vaporized mixture of air and fuel to be ejected from said chamber through the restricted passages into the combustion space with a central opening at its discharge end and a plunger having a conical end to seat against sai conical seat when the ,plunger is fully advanced, the device also bei provided with fuel-feeding and restric passages eommunicating with said opening Vforcansing the fuel.
  • an injector having lts discharge end subjected to the heat of combustion in the combustion space-and-provided with a vaporizing chamber, passage means in its discharge end to accommodate a charge of oil and conduct the charge of oil to said chamber, and restricted communicating means between said chamber and the combustion space; means for feeding a charge of oil to said passage means and thereby force the charge already therein into said chamber during the suction stroke of the piston, "and a plunger for ejecting the vaporized mixture of air and fuel from said chamber into the combustion space through said communicating means.
  • an injector having its disc arge end subjected to the heat of combustion in the combustion space and provided with a vaporizing chamber, passage means in its discharge end to accommodate a charge of oil and conduct the charge of oil to said chamber, and restricted communicating means between said chamber and the combustion space; means for feeding a charge of oil to said passage means and ⁇ thereby force the charge already therein into said chamber during the suction stroke of the piston, a plunger in said chamber and means for retracting said plunger while the charge of oil is being delivered into said chamber and for advancing said plunger during the compression stroke of the piston to eject the .entire vaporized mixture of air and fuel from said chamber into the combustion space through said restricted communicatengine, which consists in discharging a charge of oil into a vaporizing chamber at a point in the path of compressed air forced from the combustion space through re-A stricted openings into said vaporizing chamber during the compression stroke of the engine so as
  • the method of injecting la combustible charge of gasified oil and air into the combustion s ace of an internal combustion engine, whic consists in discharging oil durig the suction stroke into the vaporizing chamber at a point in the path of compressed air forced from the combustion space through short restricted openings into the vaporizing chamber during the compression stroke, retracting the plunger in said chamber during the suction stroke and then advancing the plunger to inject the entire combustible mixture of va orized oil and air 'through said restricte openings into the combustion ⁇ space during the combustion stroke of the engine.
  • said plungerto' eject all vaporizing and injecting'device havingl its discharge end'subjected to the heat of compression and combustion injthe combustion space of the'cylinder and comprising chamber having a seat a't and'restricted openings in said discharge end, a plunger operable -in said'fchamber and adapted to seat againstvsaid-seatwhen the plunger is charge'of liquid fuel' through said heated end into the center of'said 'seat to form' a .pool over said restricted openings, so that the Vcharge of fuel. is ⁇ mixed -with the air forced from the combustion space intosaid chamber through said openings, means for retracting said plunger While the fuel is being deposited insaid chamber. and for advancingr said plunger to said seat .to eject the entire mixture of air and fuel from said chamber through said .openings into said combustion-space.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
US729143A 1924-07-30 1924-07-30 Oil engine Expired - Lifetime US1561913A (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US729143A US1561913A (en) 1924-07-30 1924-07-30 Oil engine
CH116427D CH116427A (de) 1924-07-30 1925-06-18 Verfahren und Einrichtung an Verbrennungskraftmaschinen zum Einführen des Brennstoffes in den Zylinder.
DEO14992D DE481759C (de) 1924-07-30 1925-06-19 Luftverdichtende Verbrennungskraftmaschine mit einer Gemischeinspritzpumpe, deren Pumpenraum durch seine Spritzkanaele in bestaendiger Verbindung mit dem Arbeitszylinder steht
DK38553D DK38553C (da) 1924-07-30 1925-06-29 Forbrændingsmotor.
AT108306D AT108306B (de) 1924-07-30 1925-07-29 Verfahren zur Beschickung von Verbrennungskraftmaschinen mit Brennstoff und Vorrichtung zur Ausführung des Verfahrens.
GB19360/25A GB237915A (en) 1924-07-30 1925-07-30 Improvements in oil engines

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US729143A US1561913A (en) 1924-07-30 1924-07-30 Oil engine

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US1561913A true US1561913A (en) 1925-11-17

Family

ID=24929763

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US729143A Expired - Lifetime US1561913A (en) 1924-07-30 1924-07-30 Oil engine

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US1561913A (de)
AT (1) AT108306B (de)
CH (1) CH116427A (de)
DE (1) DE481759C (de)
DK (1) DK38553C (de)
GB (1) GB237915A (de)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4481921A (en) * 1982-05-26 1984-11-13 Nippondenso Co., Ltd. Fuel injection apparatus of internal combustion engine

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE481759C (de) 1929-08-31
AT108306B (de) 1927-12-27
GB237915A (en) 1926-09-30
CH116427A (de) 1926-09-01
DK38553C (da) 1928-03-12

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