US1892040A - Internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Description

Dec. 27, 1932. 1,892,040

M. J. A. DE MALVIN MONTAZET ET AL INT R AL COMB TIO ENGINE led June 26, 30

wmwmw m G1 W Patented Dec. 27, 1932 UNITED STATES OFF E MARIE JOSEPH DE MALVIN DE MONTAZET AND IVAR J'OI IANTSOhl', OF

ARGnN'rnUrn, rnaNcE INTERNAL colvrnus'rron nema Application filed June 26, 1930, Serial No. 463,996, and in France June 27, 1929.

It is known that the thermodynamic efliciency of an internal combustion engine is greater, the higher the compression ratio.

In the case of engines in which the air for 5 combustion and the fuel are mixed in a carburetor before entering the cylinder, however, the compression has to be limited to a rather low ratio in order to avoid premature ignition of the explosive mixture.

In the case of engines in which the fuel is injected directly into the engine cylinder by means of a special pump, either the compression ratio has to be made relatively low, if it .is a question of engines in which ignition takes place by contact with a hot wall, or the adoption of high compression ratios necessitates the use of complicated and delicatepumps, if it is a question of engines in which ignition takes place as the fuel is injected into the cylinder.

According to the present invention, an attempt has been made to effect a method of supplying fuel to internal combustion engines which enables very high compression ratios to be selected without any disadvantages and without any complicated or delicate mechanism.

This method is characterized essentially by the fact that the fuel, before being injected into the .engine cylinder to effect there its combustion, is subjected to two successive atomizing operations, by passing it at a high velocity through a single atomizer, first in one direction and a second time in the opposite direction.

The first passageof the fuel through the atomizer is due to the action of a portion of the air for combustion, strongly compressed by the engine piston, the said portion being 40 caused to pass at a very high velocity, and just at the desired moment, through the said i i mizer, into which the fuel has been introduced beforehand.

' This fuel atomized once in this way is projected violently into an enclosed space, whence it may be returned in the opposite direction through the atomizer so as to undergo its second atomization before being injected into the combustion chamber of the engine cylinder and there to effect its combustion in contact with the air for combustion, compressed by the engine piston.

This return of the fuel through the atomizer may be effected by various means.

Either a portion of this fuel, mixed with 53 compressed air, may be ignited instantaneously and by any suitable means as soon as it arrives in the enclosed space so as to produce in the said enclosed space a very considerable increase in pressure, the effect of which is to force the rest of the fuel through the atomizer.

Or the atomized fuel, once it has been projected into the enclosed space, may be compressed by a piston, for example, or by any other mechanical means, thus being forced and injected again at a high velocity through the atomizer, without having undergone initialcombustion.

Various devices may be used for putting 5 the present method into operation.

A closure member is interposed between the combustion chamber of theengine and the enclosed space into which the fuel is injected after the first atomization, with the object of establishing, just at the desired moment, communication between the said chamber and the said enclosed space by the medium of the atomizer.

The moment at which communication is opened between the enclosed space and the combustion chamber may be adjusted by any suitable means while the engine is running and in accordance with the working of the said engine, so that, at the moment when the piston arrives at the upper dead centre, the

combustion of the fuel, forced from the enclosure into the engine cylinder, is in full action.

The closure member may be formed .for 3 xampleof a valve .orslide or distributor having a reciprocating'or rotary motion, and the atomizer, of any known type, may be placed lI; the said closure member or outside there- 0 The enclosed space into which the fuel is injected after its firstatomization may be constituted for example by asort of closed antechamber of any suitable shape, and the ignition of a portionof the'fuel in the said ante- 00 chamber may take place either by contact with the hot walls of the said ante-chamber, by electric spark, or by contact with the air for combustion which has been raised by compression to a high temperature.

Gn the other hand,'in the case in which preliminary ignition of the fuel should not take place in the enclosed space, the latter may beformed of a simple cylinder in which a piston is adapted to slide. I

The fuel may be introduced into this en closed space or directly into the atomizer un der very low pressure or by the action of the vacuum prevailing in the engine cylinder dur-.

" ing the suction stroke. It may also be introopening.

It is easy to see that with the method of supplying fuel according to the invention, the

' compression ratio may be made as high as possible according to circumstances, since there is no danger of preignition, the air and fuel being completely separated until combustion has to take place in the regular manner. An engine working with this method of fuel supply will thus have an optimum efficiency.

The exact adjustment of the rate of flow of the fuel, which adjustment constitutes a problem that is almost incapable of solutionwhen the fuel is supplied by injection pumps of the usual design, may here be obtained by means of a simple needle valve, owing to the extreme simplicity of the various members and-to the 'very low pressure required in order to introducev the fuel into the atomizer. Various forms of construction of an internal combustion engine working according to the method conforming to the present invention are shown by way of example only in the accompanying drawing.

In said drawingv Fig. l is a sectional view showing the principal working parts of an engine constructed according to the invention; I

Fig. 2 is a similar view of modification; Fig. 3 is a similar view-of another modification; and 1 1 j Fig. 4 is a fragmentary sectional view of stillanother modification employing a rotary valve. 3 v

In Figure 1, 1 is the cylinder of a two stroke cycle or four-stroke cycle engine, the distribution members of which for the gases are not shown. 2 is the piston and 3 is the connecting rod. i isan ante-chamber, serving for the initiation of combustion, and which, at. the desired moment, maybe put into commun cation with the combustion chamber by means of a'passage 5 closed by a valve 6 controlled in known manner by the tion, highly compressed by the engine piston 2, passes through theatomizer 7, and thus a first ultrafine atomization of the fuel en- 'closed within the said atomizer is effected.

The fuel thus atomized is projected with extreme violence into the ante-chamber 4 Where .a' certain portion of the said. fuel, after being mixed with air for combustion, ignites instantaneously by contact with the walls of the-ante-chamber, the'said walls being kept hot by'any known means. Y The unburnt fuel in the ante-chamber 4 is sent back violently through the atomizer -7 by the hot gases produced under very high pressure by this partial combustion; the said unburnt fuel thus undergoes a second atomization before arriving in the combustion chamber 1 where combustion is completed.

In the form of construction shown in Figure 2, the atomizer 7 is situated directl in the closure inember formed in this case y a slide 9, cylindrical or otherwise. ,The operation of introducing the fuel into the atomizer T is effected at the moment when the fuel delivery pipe 8 is situated, during-the lateral displacement of the slide, opposite the hole 10 communicating with the atomizer. Afterwards, when the atomizer, owing to the lateral displacement of the slide in thereverse direction, is situated opposite the communication passage 11, a certain quantity of air for combustion, highly compressed by the engine piston 2, passes at a very high velocity through the atomizer 7, where the first ultrafine atomization thus takes place; Afterwards, the fuel thus atomized is projected violently against the hot walls of the antechamber 4 where partial combustion is initiated, the effect of which will be, as was explained hereinbefore, to cause the return through the atomizer,.and the second atomization, of the unburnt fuel. I In the form of construction shown inFigure 3, it will be seen how the return of the fuel through the atomizer 7, with the view of the second atomization of the said fuel, may

be effected not by a partial combustion in contact with the hot walls of the'ante-chamber 4 as before, but'by the action of a piston 12, movable in a chamber 13 into which the fuel enters after its first atomization' It suflices to move the said piston 12 at the desired moment in the direction of the arrow shown in Figure 3 in order to force the fuel thus atomized through the atomizer 7, where it undergoes its second atomization before being injected into the .combustion'chamber of the engine where it undergoes all its combus-- tion.

In the form of construction shown in Fig. 1, the atomizer 7 is located, as in Fig. 1, in the passage 5; but the valve 9, in this instance, is of cylindrical form and of the rotary type. Said valve has a transverse passage 14, indicated by dotted lines, which is in line with passage 5 and which, by the rotation of the valve, registers therewith at the proper times to put the combustion chamber 1 in communication with said passage 5, as heretofore explained.

We claim:

1. A device for supplying fuel to internal combustion engines, comprising the combination of a closure member arranged between the combustion chamber of the engine cylinder and an enclosed space into which the fuel is injected after its first atomization, an atomizer of any known type adapted to be put into communication at the desired moment with the combustion chamber and with the enclosed space by means of the closure member suitably displaced, and a fuel admission pipe permitting the introduction of the said fuel into the atomizer.

2. A device as claimed in claim 1, in which the closure member is constituted by a valve havin rotar motion.

3. A device as claimed in claim 1, in which the atomizer is mounted between the closure member and the enclosed space.

4. A device as claimed in claim 1, in which the atomizer is mounted in the closure member itself, in which case the fuel is introduced into the atomizer by displacing the closure member so as to bring the atomizer opposite the fuel admission pipe.

5. A device as claimed in claim 1, in which the fuel admission pipe is connected to the atomizer itself.

6. A device as claimed in claim 1 in which the closure member is constituted by a valve having reciprocating motion.

In testimony whereof we have signed this specification.

MARIE JOSEPH ANTOINE de MALVIN de MONTAZET.

lVAR JOHANSON.

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