US1536780A

US1536780A - Szgi s

Info

Publication number: US1536780A
Authority: US
Publication date: 1925-05-05
Anticipated expiration: 1942-05-05

Description

' May 5, 1925. 1,536,780

O. H. ENSIGN AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE ART Filed Aug.24, 1920 5 Sheets-Sheet l May 5, 1925.

O. H. ENSIGN AUTOMOTIVE :NGINE ART Filed Aug. 24, 1920' s sneets-sneet ,z

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May 5, 192s. 1,536,780

' O., H. ENSIGN AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE ART Filed Aug. 24, 1920 3 Sheets-Sheet :5

Ryo? Z9 frag. .f

Fatented May 5, i925 tit DEVILLE HIRAIvIPENSIGN, 0F PASADENA, CALIFORNA.

a'oronerivn ENGINE Aar.

Application filed August 24, 1920. Serial No. 405,720.

To f/.Z 'zo/1.077@ t may oonocivi:

Be it known that I., @ln/'umn HIRAM En sien, a citizen ol the United States, residing at Pasadena, in the county of Los Angoles and State or California, have invented and discovered new and useful lmprovements inthe Automotive Engine Art, of which the following is a speciiication.

rfhis invention is an improvement in the art of utilizing internal combustion in the tivo stroke complete expansion constant volume cycle for power purposes and is broadly new7 basic and pioneer in that l" provide an oscillating clearance which is a combined combustion chamber land valve which receives a highly compressed charge 'from a compressor, isolates said charge from the compressor, and opens the charge tothe working cylinder and l then combust thev charge Within the valve. rllhe early Clerk engine is an illustration of the type ot engine to which this improvement applies.

ln carrying` out this improvement inv its preferred form, a compressor cylinder and piston and a power cylinder and piston having practically no piston clearance Within the cylinders are provided with an oscillating` clearancechamber alternately applicable to each, and in practice a cold comburent charge is drawn in and highly compressed, is then isolated from the compressor, and quickly combusted in communication With a working` space which is expansible in large volumetric ratio and is there almost completely transliornual. into power through complete expansion; aiterfwhich the burnt products are exhausted.

y this process the heat losses trom beginning to end oi the cycic are minimized.

ln this invention, the charge ot compressed coinburent from the compressor cyl` inder 1s completely delivered into a movable The conditions involved indicate addition to the charge in the movable clearance chamber, of heat from previous com-` bustion9 thus compensating` for any tendency to loss of heat of compression.

ln the combpressor cylinder of an engine constructed in accordance with this invention, lowering` of the Weight of the charge does not occur in connection with this heated clearance space which is commonV to both cylinders, becauselthe charge is drawn into the compressor cylinder while the alternating)- clearance is shut ott from the compresser cylinder, and only opens at the bcginning of the compression stroke after the inspiration charge is locked in the compressor cylinder. In two movements of comburent, viz, inspiration of cold comburent into the compressor cylinder, and delivery ot' the compressed comburent to the power cylinder, the operations are completed in such manner that stored heat from previous combustion does not alter the state of the charge in a detrimental manner. That is to say; the compressor cylinderiills without modiication of or interference with the charge Weight by any heat except the heat ot compression and thatr of the Water jacket. rlhe charge, after being locked in the compressor cylinder, is opened to and is then compressed into the movable clearance and is afterward opened up to the power cylinder after the Working space has been brought to the point of minimum clearance and locked tight by its valves; and any heatthat is picked up from the walls by the charge regenerative heat recovered. from the previous explosion or combustion.

An object ot this invention is to make constant volume Working more nearly pos sible, than in any two stroke high expansion engine heretofore proposed.

e An Vobject is'to subject the comburent to excessive turbulence,r immediately previous i shaft and crank, a compressing cylinder and a power cylinder in such angular relation to each other as to provide between their heads a space adapted to accommodate a valve bearing containing an oscillating clearance chamber into which a charge ot combinent from the compressor may be compressed. rlhe angle that the compressor and power cylinder bear to each other may be made any desirable degree in order to obtain the proper tin'iing oit the relation between the completion oi the compressing` stroke and the beginning et the power stroke wi h its coordinating valve timing; said compressing cylinder having small displacement relative to the power cylinder; and I provide means whereby said clearance chamber is adapted to rapid oscillation and to the instantaneous reception and isolation ot the compressed charge ot' comburent; quick communication with the power chamber, instant combustion while in communi; cation with the power chamber; expansion to large volume and then exhaust ot the burned gases. ln this manner the heat losses are minimized in numerous ways. By this means and in carrying out the invention l have provided an oscillating clearance chamber timed with the pistons and arranged in said valve bearing, said oscillating clearance chamber being so constructed and arranged that the transfer and tiring ot the comburent is as direct as possible and that the expansion ratio can be made as high as may be found practical.

am not aware that there has been constructed any practical engine in which the unlimited control of the expansionrratio within practical Vlimits was possible.

The invention is interchangeably applicable to the use ot Carburation and to r'uel injection; and both forms oi' fuel application will be described herein and itis understood that features ot the invention are applicable to engines of the Diesel type.

Another object oic the invention is to make possible the operation ot' a constant compression engi-ne having a high compression and a high e mansion ratio.

kAnother object ot' the invention is to provide by simple means an engine over which the control of the expansion ratio may be retained.

Another object of the invention is to create an engine with as tei1 parts as possible with a large power output. The operation ot all the valves o' this invention is brought about through the medium of one excentric connecting to all the valves through rocker arms and rock shaft.

in object to bring about a practical working engine et the Clerk general type with its attendanthigh capacity and high economy. f j

@ther objects, advantages and features ot invention may appear from the accompanying drawings, the subjoined detail description and the appended claims.

The improvement in the art may be understood by reference to the accompanying drawings which illustrate one cmbodiment of this invention and its adaptation to operation with gas, with carburetion and with fuel injection.

Figure 1 is a. tragmental developed plan of the top of a complete single engine constructed in accordance with this invention as applied to use with a carbureter.

Fig. 2 is a sectional elevation on line 022, Fig. l of the engine supplied with a car` bureter.

Fig. 3 is a sectional detail ot the combined receiving, transterring and combusting chamber7 which is termed `the oscillating clearance chamber, or alternating clearance.

Fig. -l is an elevation ot one side et the engine, omitting the carburetor and showing the valve and ignition action.

Fig. 5 is an edge elevation viewing the engine from the right ot Figs. l, Q and Ll.

Fig. G is a fragmental sectional diagram ot the spray nozzle and metering pump connections tor liquid fuel injection.

Set screws in some ot the views are displaced with respect to the same in other views Jfor convenience ot full illustration.

The mechanical arrangements for the application of comburent or comburents in various forms will be such that gaseous 'fuel or liquid fuel used with a carburetor may be introduced with air; or that the air will be introduced alone, and after compression, opened to communication witlrthe power cylinder, and then the fuel may be injected and the charge tired either by heat of conipression or by the application oit electric spark as will be understood from the 'following description.

The air compressor comprises a cylinder l having an inspiration port 2 and valve 3 in its head and a charge delivering port opening through a wall ot a valve searing Said compressor also comprises a piston (l operating in the compressor cylinder l practically with no clearance between the compressor piston and the cylinder head.

rllhe valve bearing is provided with a power cylinder admission port 7 opening into the power cylinder 8 in which @the power piston 9 operates. Said compressor cylinder and power cylinder' converge toward the crank shaft 10 at an angle which allows appropriate connection with the crank ll of the connecting rods l2 and 13 for the compressor piston G and power piston 9.

Said pistons are each adapted to operate with practically no clearance between the pistons and the cylinder heads respectively. An oscillating alternating clear-ance cham- CII ber 14, which is constructed as a hollow eylindrical oscillating valve having imperiorate ends 15, 1G and provided with. lateral receiving and discharging ports 17, 18, and serving as a charge receiving, transferring and combustion chamber is mounted inside said valve bearing 5; and the ports 17, 18 are adapted and arranged to communicate respectively with the compressor cylinder vat one position tlnfoughr port 17, and with the power cylinder 8 through the delivery port 8, at another position.

The power piston 9 is connected by the connecting rod 13, crank pin 11 and crank arm 19 to the crank shaft 10. The compressor piston 6 is connected with the connecting rod 13 through the wrist pin 2O and the connecting rod '12, so that the movement of the crank sha'tt 10 actuated by the power piston 9 will operate the compressor piston in timed relation.

The wrist pin 20 is attached. to the lower end oil' the connecting rod in a manner common to V type engines.

The two cylinders are set at a convenient angle 'to allow for clearance et connecting rod 12 with the walls of the lower end oit the cylinder 1. This angle also provides for the completion of the compressor stroke in time ahead ot the completion of the exhaust stroke of the working cylinder so as to make possible the delivery of the compressed charge into the oscillating clearance cham-Y ber suiliciently in advancel of the `time of opening the same to eon'nnunicate with the power cylinder, to allow closing the communication between the compressor cylinder and the clearance `chamber for the purpose of isolati-ng the compressed charge before opening communica-tion with the power cylinder; thus protecting against leaks of the compressed charge back into the compressor cylinder when ignition and explosion take place in the clearance chamber which at that time operates as the combustion chamber. This is especially necessary because iinnwdiatcly that the compressor stroke is finished, the compressor pistoni starts downward on the intake stroke and opens con'ununication with the atmosphere or other combinent source.

This advance of the closing o'f the compresser cylinder to the clearance chamber has been found to be in a` practical way about o of the movement of the crank shaft. Closing communication between the compressor cylinder and the clearance chamber, 30o ahead oi the completion of the return stroke of the power piston allows communication from the clearance chamber to be opened to the working cylinder 1f O ahead of the dead center oit the working cylinder;y

thus making possible lthat desired advance o1? ignition ot the charge in communieation with the power cylinder which is so essential to complete con'ibustion.

Port 4 opens lush with the compressor cylinder head 22; but port 7 is partly tended into head 28 of the power cylinder to avoid exposing any piston ring and to allow snilieient admission port area.

To bring about the proper timing of alternate comn'mnieation of the clearance chamber with the compressor and power cylinders; the valve operating excentric 2stis mounted upon the crank shat with its working center 25, at right angles to the crank arm 19. through the excentric rod 25, the rocking arm 26 and rocker pin 27 to rock the valve stem 28, thus to move the clearance chamber 14 in timed oscillation. This position of the eXcentric makes possible extremely rapid opening and closing of the delivery port l and admission port 7 The oscillating discharge ports 17 and 18, at the time of opening and closing, are being impelled by the excentric while its center is moving through the vertical portion of its stroke; thus providing for an exceedingly 'quick oiening and closure of ports on both sides ot the oscillating chamber' so that the time which elapses between the closing ol comnmnca'- tionV with lthe compressor cylinder and opening communication to the power cylinder is minimized, thus holding the con'lpressed charge in the clearance chamber the shortest possible length of time with the smallest possible loss otheat oi compression te such walls. v

To ope yate the intake and exhaust valves in proper time the rocker arm 2G is connectedvto the rock shaft 29 through the inedium of the rock arm pin 30, the connecting rod 31, pin 82 and the rock shaft arm 88. The rock shaft 29 carries two cams lli and 35. The cam 84 is shown in contact with the lever 3G which Vpivots about the pin 37 and is shown in Figs. 2 and 4 at the moment of depressing the inlet valve 3, and holding the same open against action or the spring 88 to admit'air or mixture through the valve 3 while the piston 6 is moving on the intake stroke. The exhaust cam 85 is shown out of Contact with the operating lever 39, but is'so arranged that when the piston has 'com pleted its po-wer stroke, it will move the lever 39 to open the spring closed exhaust valve 40 so as to hold open the exhaust valve during the whole of the exhaust stroke; allowing the same to be closed just before the piston reaches the end of the exhaust stroke, ysubject to the usual adjustment. This closure may take place aty some point from to 11g of an inch more or less from the end of ythe piston travel.'r

flhe clearance chamber litis mounted 4lo freely oscillate 'in the valve bearing 5 which This excentric operates is closed at one end by imperforate` plate 4l and at the opposite end by the perforated plate 42 through which the valve stem 28 pro-jects for engagement of the rocker arm 2G.

The clearance chamber 14 constitutes a valve opening and closing to the two cylinders separately, and contains a cylindrical cavity 43 which is made of such capacity relative to that of compression cylinder 1, that the desired compression may be obtained. rlhis chamber performs three functions; first, to receive the charge from the compressor; second, to isolate and hold the charge closed against the compressor cylinder until the proper time for admitting the charge to the power cylinder; and third, to afford the clearance necessary for combustion in connection with the power cylinder and it becomes a combustion chamber opening into the power cylinder when used with a carbureter; the combustion started in the admission port 7 moves through the discharge port 1S into the chamber 43, and combustion .is completed in that manner.

The description just completed, applies to the method of operation when using a carbureter and delivering a mixture of air and liquid fuel spray through the inlet valve 3.

The engine may be supplied with fuel injectedI in liquid form into the cylinder admission port 7. To accomplish this the fuel pump shown in Fig. G is a metering pump arranged to feed, in timed relation to movements of the piston, the amount of fuel desired fo-r each individual out stroke.

It is operated from the movement of the rock shaft 29 through the medium of rocker arm 44, the pin 45, connecting 4G, pin 47, arm 48 and the shaft 49.

These elements are so connected in time with the movement of the cylinders and the pistons that the cam which is depressing tappet 5l which is mounted upon the end of the plunger 52, so that the plunger will be operated; and by displacement of the fuel at its lower end, will meter out the'c desired amount for each stroke.

T he plunger 52 when'released after being operated on by the cam 50, is returned on the suction stroke by the spring 53, and completely o-pens the suction port 54, allowing liquid fuel to fill the displacement space below the plunger; so that on the return stroke of the plunger, such fuel will be forced out pastthe spring closed check valve 55 and through the spring chamber 56, pipe rod 57 and injection valve 58 into the ignition port 7. The injection valve 58 1s held against its seat with gentle pressure by means o-f spring 59, so that it will be closed through the major portion of every revolution of the engine and it is timed to open by oil pressure caused by the inward movethe ment of the plunger 52, and to immediately discharge the same amount of fuel that is displaced at the lower end of the plunger 5 2.

The lower end of the plunger 52 is aslant as at 59, at an acute angle to the axis of the plunger. The upper portion of the plunger 52 is provided with an angular hody GO which is preferably square Aand constitutes a guide for the plunger and moves in and out through the square hole Gl in the guide sleeve G2 which bears in the cylindrical bearing G3 in the pump body 64, The guide sleeve 62 is provided with an arm 65 and is operated by a reach rod (56 shown only in end section and pinned to the arm 65 to operate thel same. This reach rod may connect in well known manner with a governor o-r with hand control, not shown, and through the ar1n65, the guide sleeve may be turned through any desired, or necessary angle. If it is turned 1800 from the position shown, the plunger on its downward stroke will not close olf the suction port 54, while in the position shown, it will close it ofi' early in the stroke and will deliver the maximum capacity of the pump at each engine stroke. By adjustn'ient to any point between those two positions, any desircd fractional amount of maximum fuel will be delivered through the injection valve 58 bccause of adjusted delayed closure of suction port 54; thus giving control over the amount of fuel injected at each cylinder stroke.Y

The timing of the delivery of fuel through the injection valve should be such that the delivery is completed just previous to opening thedischarge port 18 to admission port 7 of the power cylinder,

If the fuel is completely delivered by this means in advanceY of the beginning of the opening of the outlet port 18 there will he some fuel sprayed out into the admission port 7 while the bulk of it remains in the cup G7; and this remainder will be blown into the port 7 and thus form a mixture with the air in and moving through the said port during the first movements of the piston after the clearance chamber is open to the power cylinder.

The complete opeation will he as follows: Air inspiration, air compression, isolation of the compressed air, injection of a metered fuel charge into a space closed to the compressed air and Opened t0 the power cylinder, delivery of a portion'of the compressed air through such space to the power cylinder and thereby forcibly mixing portions of fuel and compressed air causing explosive action of the first increments of air and fuel .causing` a. regurgitation `of the ignited mass back lto the main body of compressed air,therehy forming throughout the compressed air a rapidly burning mixture; said regurgitation and explosive' action thereby fausing heating and expansion within the power cylinder. The regurgitation and explosive action entirely blows out of the cup G7 the fuel remaining thereinand thoroughly completes the mixture for complete combustion. Y

rlhe fuel pump tank 74 shown in Fig. (i, may be supplied with fuel oil by any well known means not shown; such as a pump with yan overflow pipe to return the excess to the storage tank.

This invention is especially designed as a constant volume engine; that is, an engine in which explosion takes place when the piston is at the top of the stroke; and it is therefore more particularly adapted to the use of gasoline or kerosene or other refined oils from which anexplosive mixture can be made. rllhe idea of fuel injection is to enhance the economy by stratified mixtures instead of having the whole volume of the charge to constitute a mixture at each stroke.

The injection valve 58 is carried in a body 68 which is threaded into the cylinder head 23 and passes through the engine structure in the fit G9 to the admission port 7. lt is provided with a threaded cap 70 carrying a gland nut 7l for holding the pipe 57. The valve 58 is held in position through themedium of the spring 59 within the body G8.

The compressor piston (S is provided with a hot plate 75 and power cylinder 8 with a hot plate 7 6. Both plates are mounted so that heat resisting medium may be retained underneath them with suflicient strength to resist the pressure upon the surface of the plates.

As the combustion does not take place in the saine cylinder in which compression takes place, pre-ignition from the hot piston heads cannot take place; therefore these hot plates provided with heat insulation underneath them are placed on both pistons. In the compressor piston they help hold the heat of compression from being dissipated to the piston proper while in the power pisf ton the heat of the plate assists ignition and the heat stored at the beginning of the stroke at the highest tennverature isgiven out on the expansion stroke and thus not lost to the piston. 'lhe cylinder heads are not water jacketed for the same reasons.

ln power cylinder 8. dotted line 77 represents the position oi' the piston on the ex- `haust stroke when the exhaust valve 40 would be closed and pori 7 would be opened by the oscillating valve l-lthrough the port 18: and the dash and dot line 78 represents the (op of the piston travel.

The ignition is supplied through the medium of a spring resisted arui (L adapted to coni act with. the escentric rod 25 when it is in its extreme horizontal positionwhen the crank pin 11 is at the extreme top position. This will deflect the arm e to bring about `the piston at line 77 contact with the contact screw Y) which is fastened to the insulated block c in contact with the terminal d which leads to the battery e and thence to the spark coil f from which a high tension wire Ag leads to the spark plug t. The contacting of the arma will close the circuit and cause the spark to piston 9 is on the power stroke; so that the` expansion of the gases in cylinder '8 will furnish the power to draw the charge of fuel and air into the compressor cylinder. During this stroke the cylinder is closed to the clearance 48; on thereturn stroke completed by the fly wheel the valve 3 will be closed and the compressorpiston will compress the charge in the compressor cylinder 1, into the interior of the alternating clearance space 43 within the oscillatingl valve 14, the port 17 being open during the compressing stroke. Said oscillating Avalve when piston 6 is at the top'of its stroke, moves at a high rate and on-reaching the top of its stroke cuts oft the opening between the discharge port 4 and the. inlet port 17 locking the charge from the compressor cyl inder withinthe clearance 48. This may occur 300 ahead of thecompletion of the power piston exhaust stroke. yThe rate of circular movement of the oscillating valve 14 around its axis isv so timed that it will begin'to open delivery port 18 to communi# cate through admission port 7 to the` cylinder 8 ata point 150 on the crank travel beforey piston 9 reaches the top of its t 'avel as shown by dash line 77 when the exhaust valve 40 is closed. At the same instant that this communication takes place, with ignition will occur at the ignition plug h. rl`he oscillating valve 14 is stillmoving at a' high rate and the delivery portg18very quickly takes the posi.n tion wide open to the admission port 7, as is shown by the position of port 18 and of piston 9, which on the drawing is shown on the downward travel about one-fifth the stroke with the complete alinelnent of the two ports. As the delivery port 'I8 opens with the piston al the position 77 and moving upwarch a` portion of `the compressed charge goes into the locked cylinder and is ignited and innnediately thereafter is forced back again by thecompletion of the piston travel to the dot and clash lines 78.

rllhis regurgitation of the ignited mixture greatly facilitates combustion and produces a high rate ofv turbulence which tends to prevent detonation of heavy fuels. Port 18 remains open and doesk not finally close until the piston t) has completed its power' stroke, and SOO after port 18 has closed, inlet pcrt 17 againA opens'to the discharge port 4 and a new charge is being delivered from the compressor cylinder into the clearance space 43 for the repetition of the cycle ofrcoperations. rihe oscillating. valve lll is driven through these timed movements by means of excentric 2li and rod 25 operating through the arm 26; and by this common means the motion vof the excentric rod Vis transmitted through arm 26 and through the rod 3l to the rockshaft arm 33 to rock the shaft- 29 with the cams which control the movements of the intake valve 3 and exhaust valve 40. Y

rThe operation of this invention may also be carried out by the injection of fuel and such injection may be as shown in the drawings by means of the pump and injection nozzle shown in Fig 6 or it may be carried out by the usual method of Diesel engines when the compression in cylinder l is suiiiciently highto ignite the fuel by heat of compression. f

Injection for refined fuels may be accomplished by means of apump shown in Fig. 6 which operates to regulate either by hand or by goif'ernorthe amount of fuel injected at each stroke into the admission port 7. rfhe operation here, will l e, so far as moven'ientof the valves and pistons is concerned, identical with that adapted to use of the carbureter, exceptthat the fuel is rinjected into a cup 67 from which it may be partly blown with the force of injection into the 'admission port 7; the tirst rush of compressed air upon opening of the oscillating valve 14, giving communication from clearance chamber t3 to cylinder S will be to cause ignition ot a portion of this fuel in port to take place; as at this instant the piston will be at the position shown by line 77, and traveling upwards, the heat and explosive force, as well as tlieregurgitation caused by con'ipression of the piston stroke "to line 78 will blow the remainder of the fuel out of cup 67 forcing it violently toward and into thc receiv-cr chamber l-l,

vcausing a rapid production of mixture and cate with an expansible chamber previously contracted to approximately Zero and producing ycombustion of the chargeand a` consequent expansion within both chambers to a comparatively low pressure for moving a wall ot the expansible chamber and produc- .ing power throughout a period of high eX- pansion.

2. The production of power by internal combustion comprising periods of inspiration of a combinent, compression of the same to a pre-dimensioned body, isolation of such bot y in an oscillating chamber; opening such body to communica-tion with a constra'cted expansiblc chamber; combustion of the comburent, and expansion of the products in both chambers, thereby moving a wall to produce power throughout a period of high expansion; and exhausting the products of combustion from the expanded chamber,

c 3. In the art of `producing power by-internal combustion, the method of applying an expansiye medium to a power chamber; vhich comprises opening an isolated oscillating chamber containing a charge of comburent to such power chamber, and combusting the same ata period when piston clearance in the power chamber is approximately zero. V

Ll. A two-stroke internal combustion cnginc comprising a compressor cylinder, and a 4power cylinder, the/piston clearance of which is outside of said cylinders; an oscillating chamber constituting such clearance and provided only with lateral ports adapted to alternately open separately to the ycylinders at the heads thereof; a crank shaft, a crank on said crank shaft, pistons operating in said cylinders through a common crank pin; means cperaliile through `said crank shaft to cause the clearance chamber to close to the compressor cylinder and open to the power cylinder when the clearance of each cylinder is at a mi pmum and vice versa at the return stroke of the pistons; aud ignition means operable at the head stroke of the power piston to ignite a charge inthe clearance when said clearance is open to said power piston.

5. A two-stroke internal combustion cngine comprising a compressor cylinder, and a power cylinder, the piston clearances of which are outside of said cylinders; a chamber constituting such clearance and provided with ports connecting the cylinders at the heads thereof; a crank shaft` a crank on said crank shaft, pistons ,operating in said cylinders through a common crank pin; oscillating hollow valved means in such clearance chamber operable through said crank shaft to cause the clearance chamber' to close to the compressor cylinder and open to the power cylinder when the clearance of each cylineer at a minimum and vice versa at Athe return stroke of the pistons; and igni- Cil iti() lll lll)

Leser/so tion means operable at the head stroke of the power piston to'ignite a charge in the clearance open to said power piston.

G. A two-stroke internal combustion engine comprising` a Compressor cylinder; Vand a power' cylinder; the piston clearance of which is outside or" said cylinders; a chamber constituting such clearance and provided with ports adapted to alternately open separately to the cylinders at the heads thereof; a crank shaft, a crank on said crank shaft; pistons operating in said cylinders through a common crank pin; means operable through said crank shaft to cause the clearance chamber to close to the compressor cylinder and open to the power cylinder at the head stroke of the pistons and vice versa at the return stroke of the pistons; said cylinder being' arranged at the proper angle to produce the desired timing,l of the movement of the piston and the oscillating` valvedV means to allow for the necessary advanced ignition of the charge.

7. rFhe method of cond acting internal com bustion for power purposes substantially set forth; comprising introducing a cold charge el comburcnt in a compressor chamber that can be reduced to practically zero volume; opening an oscillating clearance to said chamber; conin'essinp; the whole oit such charge into said movable clearance; moving' such clearance to isolate such compressed charge; continuing the movement of the clearance to open such charge with a power chamber at the instant when it is of practically Zero volume and combusting` the comburcnt in that condition.

8. The method of conducting internal combustion'tor power purposes comprising introducing a cold charge olieomburent in a compressor chamber that can be reduced to practically Zero volume; opening` an oscillatine' clearance to said chamber compressinir the whole ot such eliarge into said oscillatine' clearance; moving' such Icleaiwince to isolate such compressed charge; continuing,` the movement ot the clearance to open such, charge to a power chamber when the saine is approaching the condition ot Zero clearance, and conmleting ignition ot the Icomburent while the clearance is approach'ing` zero.

i). An internal*combustion engine comprisingr a compressor cylinder and a working` cylinder, the compressor cylinder being of smaller dimensions and smaller capacity than the working` cylinder: an oscillating); clearance for transieri-ing` the compressed charge 'from the conuiressor cylinder to the worliing; cylinder and means 'for igniting the charge within the working cylinder as it leaves the oscillating valve.

l0. in internal combustion engine comJ ln'ising` a Vcompressor cylinder and a working cylinder, the compressor cylinder being of smaller dimensions and smaller capacity thanv the werking` cylinder, both cylinders completing their displacement stroke with minimum clearance to the cylinder' head at approximately the same instant; a rocking chamber with ports for receiving)` and isolating` a charge of compressed mixture and for transferring the chargefrom the compressor cylinder' to the workingr cylinder,

and means for igniting` the charge within" charges; means adapted to receive withinr itself and thereby isolate each single compressed charge of comburcnt from said l compressor and to open the same to said expansible chamber by the movement of said means; and means to ignite the charge iinmediately it is opened to the expansible chamber.

13. Thefcombination with an eXpansible combustion chamber; oit a coi'npressor adapted to compress coinburent charges; means to receive and isolate eachsingle charge of comburcnt 'from the-compressor means to oscillate said receiving` means and to theref by open said charge ot combinent to the er'- pansible chamber while said. clian'iber is con-- tracted; and means operable by the more mentl ol a wall o1 said expansible chamber duringexpansion oit said chamber to trans mit power;

14. The combimition with an; expansible chamber oit an internal combustion engine; ot' a compressor adapted to compress comburent charges; an oscillating;` valve lgletween the compressor and the expansible chamber adapted to receive within itselt the complete compressed charge ol comburcnt 'from the con'ipressor and to isolate the same and thereafter to open said isolated charge to the contract-ed eiipansiblechamber; and means for ignitinir the comburcnt at the time it is so delivered. n .Y

l5. The combination with a. cranli shaft; of lan oscillatingl chamber having an inlet and an outlet port; a compressor adapted to compress comburcnt charges; cylinder having a discharge port arranged to register with the inlet port ot the oscillatingchamber in only one position of such chamber; an internal combustion engine cylinder hz ving an admission port arranged to register with the outlet port at another position of said oscillating chamber; a piston in the internal combustion cylinder; a main connecting rod connecting said piston with a crank;

v a piston in the compressor cylinder; a connecting rod connecting the compressor piston to the main connecting rod at anaout-e angle thereto; a valved inlet for the conipressor cylinder; a valved exhaust tor the internal combustion cylinder; and means for ter with the inlet p ort of the oscillatingV chamber in only onelposition ot such chamber; an internal combustion engine cylinder having an admission port arranged to register with the outlet port at another position ot said oscillating chamber; a piston in the internal combustion cylinder; a connecting rod connecting said piston with a crank ofsaid shaft; a piston in the compressor cylinder; a connecting` rod connected to the compressor piston and to the main connecting rod; a valved inlet for the compressor cylinder; a valved exhaust port tor the combastion cylinder; means tor operating the oscillating chamber intime with the movements of the pistons of the two cylinders; and means common to both compressor and power cylinders Yfor operating the intake valve ot the compressor; the oscillating valve and the exhaust valve ot the power cylinder.

17. In a two-stroke internal con'ibustion engine the combination of a compressor and power cylinder having pistons moving in dilterential timed relation, the compresser cylinder being fitted with an intake valve;

and the power cylinder fitted with an exhaust valve; a clearance chamber between the two cylinders constructed and arranged to be moved to be alternately oiened and closed to the cylinders separately and respectively so as to prevent the heat ot the previous combustion from limiting weight ot working charges of comnurent passing through the engine. i

1S. In a two-stroke internal combustionV engine the combination ot a compressor and a power cylii'ider having pistons moving in differential timed relation; the compressor cylinder being .Vit-ted with an intake valve; and the power cylinder itted with an exhaust valve; a clearance chamber between the two cylinders constructed and arranged to be moved to be alternately opened and closed to the cylinders separately and respectively for the purpose oi insta-nt transfer ofV a compressed charge oit oomburent with the power cylinder tor instant comcastlie i )assenso from the compressor' cylinder to commu tion therein without change ot volume and a lowering of pressure.

19. In a two-stroke'internal combu ion engine the combination of a compressor and power cylinder having pistons moving in differential timed relation; the compressor cylinder titted with an intake valve; the power cylinder fitted with an exhaust valve; a clearance chamber between the two cylinders constructed and arranged to be moved to alternately open to the cylinders separately and respectively 'to malte possible compression ot comburent in a separate cylinder ot smaller volume than the power cylinder and transfer of the compressed charge to the power cylinder witl extreme turbulence to facilitate combustion and control expansion ratio.

20. In a two-stroke internal combustion engine the combination of a compressor and Vpower cylinder having pistons moving 1n differential timed relation; the compressor' cylinder .fitted with an intake valve; thc power cylinder tted with an exhaust valve; a clearance chamber between the two cylinders constructed and arranged to be moved to alternately open to the cylinders separately and respectively so as to allow 'for advanced admission and ignition of the charge in the power cylinder to malte possible compression ot eombnrent in a separate cylinder of smaller volume than the power cylinder and transfer ot the compressed charge to the power cylinder with extreme turbulence to facilitate combustion and control expansion ratio.

21. An internal combustion engine comprising compressing and power cylinders each provided with intake and exhaust valves; movable clearance means between. the comp 'ession and power cylinders to receive the whole oi the charge 'from the compressing cylinder without leaving appreciable piston clearance; means to move said clearance to close communication with the compressor cylinder, and to open the compressed charge to the power cylinder, when the power cylinder is in position ot practically no piston clearance; and means to ignite the compressed charge at the instant, it is in contact with the power piston.

22. An internal combustion engine comprising compressing and power cylindersI each provided with intake and exhaust valves; movable clearance means between the compressing and power cylinders to receive the whole charge ot' the compressing cylinder without leaving appreciable piston clearance; means to move said clearance to close communication with the compressing cylinder and open communication to the power cylinder to admit the compressed charge thereto when the power cylinder is in positiond of preotiozilly il@ piston Clearance; ineens to receive the desired increment of fuel tor each Compressed Charge in Such communication to the power cylinder, that will cruise the movement of the Compressed charge to blow the iiuel into the stream of compressed l:tir flowing to the power cylinder; and means to ignite the compressed ol'iztrge et the instant it is in Contact with the power piston.

23. ln a two-stroke internal Combustion engine the Combination of a compressor and power cylinder having pistons :moving` in di'l'lerent-ial timed reletimi7 the compressor cylinder being fitted with an intake vulve, and the power cylinder Iitted with en exhaast valve; e olearztnee chamber between the two. cylinders @Onstru'ctd and errenged to be moved to be positively alternately opened and closed to the cylinders separately and respectively so as to prevent the heat of the previous combustion from limiting the weight of working charges of oomhurent passing through the engine and provided with means for timed introduction of Yfuel to suoli opened charge o1" oomhurent.

ln testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand at Los Angeles, California, this 19th day of August, 1920.

ORVLLE I-IRAM El SIG-N. Witness:

JAMES R. TowNsnND.