US1320276A - Turni ace - Google Patents

Description

.H. A. ROSANDER.

FURNACE.

APPLICATION FILED OCT. 23| I9I8- i Patented Oct. 28,1919.

1,320,276. 2 SHEETS-SHEET I.

'FT FTW i INVENTOR BYMKJM ATTORNEY R. A. HOSANDER FUBNACE.

.APPLICATION FILED OCT. 23. 1918.

Patented Oct.` 28, 1919.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

ATTORNEY onion.

ROBERTA. ROSANDER, or BROOKLYN, Niiw YORK.

FURNACE.

original appiieation ined July 1e, 191s,

To all whom it may concern.'

Be it known that I, ROBERT A. ROSANDER, a citizen of the United States, residing in the city of New York, borough of Brooklyn,

in the `county of Kings and State of New York, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Furnaces, of which the following is la specification.

The present application is a division of an application filed by me July 16, 1918, Serial No. 245,195.

The invention relates to house-heating plants, and the object of the invention is to provide a furnace in which the fuel may be burned with but little loss of combustible gases, thereby effectingy a corresponding economy in fuel-cost, and the elimination of objectionable smoke. i

A further object is to provide means whereby a portion of the grate surface may be economically employed alone when the full heating capacity of the furnaceis not required.

-Another important Objectis to provide a furnace adapted to perform the dual function of supplying simultaneously both heated air for a hot-air heating system and hot water for a system in which hot water is employed as the heating medium, or fory other purposes requiring a supply of hot water. f

A further important object is to provide means for controlling the flow of the hot products of combustion to the smoke-flue and throuoh the radiator sections, and for insuring efficient radiation to the air tov be heated.

The invention consists in certain novel features Vof construction and arrangement by which the above objects areattained, to be hereinafter described andv claimed.

The accompanying drawings form a part of this specification, and show an approved form of the invention. l 1

Figure 1 :is a` central `vertical section through the furnace, taken longitudinally of the grates, and partly-in elevation.

lFig. 2 is a similar view taken transversely of the grates. i'

1 Fig. 3 is a horizontal section and plan view, taken on the line 3-3 in Fig. `2., Fig.` A is a vertical longitudinal section corresponding to aportion of Fig. 1, but on al.larger'scale, and partly in elevation.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented oct. as, raie.

Serial No. 245,195. Divided and this application led October 23, 1918. Serial No. 259,401.

Fig. 5 is a transverse section taken on the lme 5--5 in the preceding figure.

Similar letters of reference indicate the same parts in all the figures.

A is the base of the furnace, equipped with ash-pit doors A1 each having an adjustable air-inlet opening A2; this casting is preferably rectangular in plan, and the parts above may be understood to have the same general form. An inwardly projecting ledge A3 on the base supports a frame B having in each side `an opening b for the horizontally disposed grates C, and a central opening in which is received the lower header D2 of a ,combustion compartment having an upper header D1 and connecting water tubes D, as will be described. The

frame B `and grates C form the floor of the fire-space or lfire-pot.

i Mounted upon the base A is a vertical shell F having on its sides oppositely located fire-doors F1 at the upper end and similarly placed air-doors F2 at the lower end immediately above the grates C.

l Within the shell F and extending from the grates to the lire-doors is a heavy lining- 'casting E having its lo-wer margins deeply notched or serrated to form fingers E1 and serving as a fire-pot to inclose the burning fuel and adlnit air thereto, between the zngers.

rilhe combustion compartment extends the full length ofthe grates C from Ione side of the lining E to the other, thus dividing the fire-pot into two portions, and stands between the grates. The headers D1 D2 are hollow and rectangular in plan and each has a vertically arranged aperture or flue d1 d2. The vertical tubes D connecting the headers are located in alinement to form four openwork walls, each tube separated from the next by a narrow space cl of such width as to exclude the fuel but permit the gases therefrom to enter the combustion compartment inclosed by the rectangularly arranged four rows oftube's.

Rotatably mounted below the lower header andextending centrally of the opening or aperture cl2 therein, is a bar G having its end protruding through the base and shaped to receive a wrench or other shakin implement by which it may be rotated. he bar carries three equally spaced longitudinally extending radial winfgs G1, shown as cast integrally with the bar, thus presenting a triangular cross-section with concave faces. The wings are of such length and so located relatively to the aperture Z2 as to close the latter completely in one position, as indicated in full lines in Fig. 5, thus practically shutting olf the flow of air to the combustion compartment from the ash-pit, and when rotated through an arc of o permits a practically unobstructed flow of air to the interior of the combustion compartment from below the grates, as shown by dotted lines in Fig. 5, thus permitting the supply of air from this source to be varied or regulated as required. By rotating this winged bar any fine dust or ashes thereon, accumulated in the compartment may be dumped into the ash-pit.

The system of headers and water-tubes forming the combustion compartment is supported on laterally extending ridges E2 on the inner faces of the fire-pot or lining E, shaped as pockets to receive the ends of the upper header D1 and thus hold the compartment suspended.

Upon the upper header D1 is a hollow casting H forming a chamber in which the hot products of combustion from the combustion compartment are delivered. It is preferably lined with lire-brick H1 to withstand the impact of the hot current and protect the metal. The casting H has on one side a nipple H2 extending horizontally7 through the shell F, which receives a branch smoke-pipe H3 having a vertical portion or flue H5 provided with a wing-damper Ht, and on the other side of the casting is an opening it leading to a vertical pipe or flue H6 extending through a horizontal plate F 3 forming the cover or top of the shell F.

A rim F* on the cover Fs supports a sheetmetal casing J serving as an air chamber from which extend the hot-air conduits J1 leading to the several rooms or apartments in the building` as usual. The casing J contains a series of hollow radiator sections K1 K2 K3 mounted one above the other, the lower-most K1 having a nipple at one side in the bottom, matching to the flue H6, and a nipple on the other side, on the upper face, in comn'iunication with the interior of the second section K2 which in turn is silnilarly joined to the third or uppermost section K3 which has an opening 7c on one side face receiving a smoke-pipe K leading to a chimney, not shown, and of which the pipe H5 is a branch. Beyond the junction with the branch is a damper K1 by which the draft to the chimney may be controlled and regulated. `The radiator sections are provided with studs K5 serving as supports.

The grates C are mounted above the openings b in the frame B with provisions for dumping by means of the bars C1 extending to the exterior of the base, and the doors F 2 at the bottom of the shell F are provided with air inlet openings and means for controlling` the fiow of air therethrough to the Eire-pot.

From the ends of the headers D1 D2 extend4 oppositely located water pipes D3 D1 through which water contained in the headers and water tubes D maybe circulated` 1n supplying a hot-water heating system, or other service, as will be understood.

The operation of the improved furnace is as follows:

Fire is built on the grates, and coal which may be pea or other small size, is supplied through the fire-doors F1 until the sides of the combustion compartment are inclosed. rlhe dampers H1 and K4 are both opened to permit the smoke to pass directly to the chimney through the branch H3 until the lower portion or layer of the coal supply is ignited and glowing under the draft from the interior of the combustion compartment, the air currents thus induced entering mainly through the grates C from the ash-pit. When the fire is thus sufficiently advanced, the admission of air below the l'grates is checked, and the openings in the air-doors F2 uncovered to permit air to pass between the .fingers of the re-pot on both sides, through the mass of heated coal in and immediately above the lire-layer, to and between the. water-tubes D to the interior of the combustion compartment, carrying with it the unburned combustible gases from the heated coal intimately mingled with such air at a temperature at which the carbon gases will combine with the oxygen and burn with practically perfect combustion, producinof an intense heat in the interior of the combustion compartment.

The damper H4 is then closed and the hot products of combustion compelled to traverse the radiator sections K1 K2 K3 thus transferring a large proportion of their intense heat to the air entering the casing J through the perforations J 2 in its lower portion, and escaping through the hot-air conduits J1 to the registers throughout the building. The form of the radiator sections 1s preferably rectangular so as to present a large radiating surface to the air to be warmed.

Air entering the ash-pit becomes warmed by the downward radiation from the grates and adjacent hot'surfaces and may be admitted ask required through .the opening cl2 in case a larger proportion of oxygen is necessary than is received through the mass of coal. Bymanipulating the damper or bar G1 and the controlling means onthe airdoors F2 the proportion of air relatively to the gases supplied to` the combustion compartment may be varied and regulated'very exactly and perfect combustion closely ap-l proximated.

The `water circulated through the headers D1 D2 and water-tubes D serves to lower the temperature of the compartment walls and condition the latter to resist successfully the intense heat to which they are subjected, and the heat thus transferredl to the water may be utilized in a hot-water plant for house heating or serve as a hot water supply for domestic or other purposes.

It has been demonstrated by experiment that a comparatively small quantity of coal is required, that the waste in unburned fuel is materially reduced, and very little heat lost by radiation from the exterior of the furnace, and also that the fire tends to remain in a shallow layer upon the grates, replenished automatically from the mass above. Inferior grades of anthracite and bituminous coal may be used successfully and withoutsmoke.

When less heat is required, as in periods of mild weather, only one side of the lire-pot need be used, the operation being as before but with a corresponding reduction of heat and of fuel.

The size of the tubes D and the width of intervening spaces are carefully calculated to permit the required flow of air and hot gases to the combustion compartment; the proportions shown in the drawings are approximately correct for successful operation.

I claim l. In a furnace, a base, a casing mounted on said base and having a closed top, a repot in said casing depending from said closed top, a closure having an open bottom and located in the upper end of said fire-pot, said closure having a lateral nipple extending through said fire-pot and casing for the escape of the products of combustion, and a vertical nipple projecting through the top of said casing, a series of radiator sections located above the top of said casing, a smoke flue `connected with the uppermost radiator section, a branch smoke flue connected at one end with said lateral nipple and at the other end with said smoke pipe, a casing surrounding said radiator sections, and hot air pipes leading from said casing.

2. In a furnace, a base, a casing mounted on said base and having a closed top, a repot in said casing depending from said closed top, a closure having an open bottom and located in the upper end of said fire-pot, said closure having a lateral nipple extending through said fire-pot and casing for the escape of the products of combustion, and a vertical nipple projecting through the top of said casing, a series of radiator sections located above the top of said casing, a smoke Hue connected with the uppermost radiator section, a branch smoke flue connected at one end with said lateral nipple and at the other end with said smoke pipe, a casing surrounding said radiator sections, and hot air pipes leading from said casing, the said casing being provided'at its lower portion with perforations for the ingress of air to said casing.

In testimonythat I claim the invention above set forth I aflix my signature.

ROBERT A. ROSANDER.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for ive cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. C.

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