US513369A - Horatio clayton simmons - Google Patents

Description

`(No Model.)

STEAM HEATINGA APPARATUS. No. 513,869. Patented Jan. 23, 1894.

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SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 513,369, dated January 23, 1894. i Application tiled January 2d, 1893. Serial No. 459.873. (No model.)

5 mont, have made certain new and useful Improvements in Furnaces and in Methods of Using the Same, of which invention the subjoined description, in connection with the accompanying drawings, constitutes a specifi- Io cation.

The invention relates especially to that class of, heaters designed to warm dwellings and other buildings by the diffusion of steam through pipes and radiators from a stationary It lies partly in special construction of the apparatus employed, and partly in the peculiar method of firing and using such specially constructed apparatus. It has among other things for its object to maintain a low zo but uniform degree of boiler pressure throughout the system, to consume a minimum of fuel, to secure perfect combustion and the maximum consumption of smoke and gases and to minimize the duties of the attendant.

25 The leading characteristics of the apparatus for carrying out my invention are: First, an abnormally deep but relatively narrow fire box whereby a large body of coal is kept in a compact, columnar mass during the process of 3o combustion, the top of the column reaching 3 5 bodyof ashes upon their upper surface. These ashes as hereinafter explained play an important part in the operation of the furnace. Third. Provisions for draft automatically regulated so as to supply the fire with only as 4o much air as will promote slow and uniform combustion throughout the Whole column of ignited coal, whereby the-combustible gases are evolved slowly and only as fast as they can be ignited and consumed in their passage Fourth. In use the grate is never raked Vor cleared of ashes. When the ash accumulation on the grate bed has attained a depth demanding relief, only a portion of such accumulation is discharged 5o and this is done by giving one or more of the bars as the case may require a half or whole turn, thus sweeping out off the bottom ofthe furnace only the ashes lying within reach of the revolving bar; the superincumbent mass above that point simply settles down and takes the place of the discharged ashes; but this is not carried to the extent of breaking into the burning mass of live coals in the middle of the fire box. y

The successful operation of this boiler and furnace depends upon keeping at all times a bed of ashes under the live coals through which the direct draft must find its way and in its passage through which itbecomes heated so as to practically constitute a hot blast.

The invention is fully disclosed in the drawings wherein in Figure l I have shown a semielevation of one end of the heater and also a semi-transverse vertical section of thelboiler and its setting taken on the line l-2 of Fig. 2. Fig. 2 is a vertical longitudinal section of the heater taken just in front of the axis of the boiler. Fig. 3 is a horizontal plan showing the top of the boiler, back damper, position of the feed door, duc. Fig. 4 shows a plan of the lire grate.

The apparatus consists of the horizontal boiler B which relatively is quite short, provided with a number of sets of tubular lines (three in this case,) h, h and h, set in brick in the usual way., It is provided with a iue chamber at one end which is divided., by the partition 7c located between the upper and middle sets of tubes, into two divisions I and K. This chamber is closed by a iiue door Q, by opening which access to the lues is obtained for purposes of cleaning them. In use this door is securely and tightly closed. A flue space is left at the opposite end of the boiler which is divided between the middle and lower sets of tubes by the slide damper plate E and between the upper set of tubes and the top of the boiler is the plate Z. Thus the chambers J and H are constituted, between Which communication is had through the aperture e, which may be closed by slide G operated by the handle g. Access to chamber J is obtained through door O and passage P for removing deposits accumulating thereon from cleaning tiues b and b. The fire box and ash pit beneath it are of quite limited horizontal area relatively, but of excessive depth. The purpose of which is to burn the coal in column rather than in a shallow or thin stratum?. spread over the surface of an open grate.

The walls of the fire box are so constructed that the coal can be filled in close up to the under side of the boiler and so as to touch the same if desired, and in use the lire box is kept practically so charged.

The grates C C are placed far enough below the boiler to allow a considerable depth of ashes as at f to accumulate thereon equivalent to from one sixth to one third of the vertical space between the top of the grate and the under side of the boiler. The direct draft to support combustion passes through the openingS and is controlled by the damper s which is connected by a rod or chain with an automatic regulating steam diaphragm attached to the boiler, whereby the admission of air to the fire is automatically regulated. The grate consists of a number' of bars C C which are mounted in `the frame C C and are adapted tobe revolved 'independently of each other. The frame in which they rest consists of a bar of iron C which is bent to the form shown in Fig. 4: its front ends being bolted to the cross bar C4. The upper edge 0f this bar is fitted with bearings in which the bars rest and turn. They are held, confined in place by the capbar C which is simi-` larly bolted to the bar C. This mode of construction permits the cap bar to be taken ed so that the bars may be removed or changed. These bars are set closely together and are so toothed as to pre vent the free sifting of ashes through them, except when they are turned. Their outer ends are squared for the reception of a crank or handle by which they may be turned independently of each other. Each of them is provided with a locking dog CZ which consists simply of a small piece of metal bent at right angles and pivoted to the cap bar C. To turn the barthis dogis turned up which leaves the bar free to be revolved. Provisions of some sort for this purpose are necessary to prevent the rotation of the bars adjacent to the one under manipulation and thereby disturbing the whole bed of the fire, when perhaps it is necessary to agitate only a limited part of it. These provisions forlimited agitation of the bed of the fire as well as to localize the area of such agitation are essential to the complete and perfect operation of the apparatus. With a proper charge of ashes reposing on them each may be successively and independently rotated without breaking up the bed of the fire so as to let the live coal down within the reach or influence of the fresh draft. Asemi-revolution ofy a grate bar will only cause the discharge of the ashes lying in its immediate vicinity.

A small perforated pipe Y leads from the external air through the wall of the furnace and bridges one end of the ire box as shown in Figs. l and 2, through which fine jets of air to promote the combustion of gas and smoke can find access to the surfaceof the burning coal beneath the boiler.

stead of being located beneath the end of the u same.

Special advantages in connection with the above described features of construction accrue from the altitude and lateral position of the feed door. The door being placed abreast the center of the fire box as indicated by the dotted lines in Fig. 2, the fresh coal can be deposited evenly over the bed and the box can be lled up to the bottom of the boiler throughout its entire length as shown.

The top of the brick setting of the boiler is carried up high enough to leave a clear space L between it and the upper side of the boiler from which space communication is made to the chimney, and this space is protected with a covering of refractory or nonradiating material to retain heat. In this case I have shown as a cover an iron cap in the form of pan or tray filled with sand. Through this pass the steam pipes UU which connect with the manifoldsVV. From these, independent pipes W W connect with each radiator so that each may be independently controlled. Water for the boiler is supplied through the pipe X from any convenient source of supply. The boiler is equipped with the usual fittings, safty-valve, pressure gage, water glass, cocks, dac., which are not shown as they are well understood.

The operative principle upon which this apparatus is constructed and worked is as follows: A bed of ashes f is either spread over or is allowed to accumulate on the grate of a sufficient depth to effectually restrict and obstruct a free supply of air to the fire from below. This bedding of ashes also serves another and important purpose of preventing the radiation of heat from the fire downwardly to the ashpit, thus aiding to conserve all the efficiency of the coal. Upon this ash bed the lire is maintained and controlled in the following manner: The fire chamberbeing prepared and charged as above described and generally with coal enough to last from twelve to twenty-four hours,the diaphragm connections for controlling the damper s are properly adjusted and so as to admit the least adequate volume of air. When sufficient steam has developed to expel the air from and charge with steam the system of pipes and radiators and produce the proper temperature, the damper s will close. For this purpose a pressure of from two to ten pounds of steam according to varying conditions under which the apparatus is working, is sufficient. This pressure is obtained when the coal is in a dull red state of ignition, the lowest portion of the fire next to or just above the ash bed as at f being in the highest state of ignition. As is well known, in the initiatory stages of combustion the gases given off are much richer in carbon than in the last stages, when more hydrogen is developed, and the supply of air to effect IOO IIO

combustion of these gases being admitted at one end of the fire box and at the top of the fuel close to the boiler, the flame thus created must travel the whole length of the boiler` the bed of the tire is kept clear of the ashes.,

The combustion is so complete and perfect that everything combustible is burned clean so that the residuum is nothing but a clean ash entirely free from cinders or coke.

As the economy and efficiency of any steam generator depends on holding the temperature under the boiler down as closely as possible to the point which will barely generate sufficient steam to charge the pipes and radiators and compensate for the condensation, it has been found that all coal burning apparatus or furnaces for heating boilers, in which there is no muftling of the under side of the burning coal to retard combustion as herein provided, burn coal wastefully and consequently generate too much steam pressure and a large amount of heat is wasted. Such' apparatus cannot be well controlled in mild Weather or under moderate temperatures.

' Vhen only a moderate heat is required, the

be found expedient; or by opening damper G the circulation through the tubes b and b can be checked and the same sent directly from the fire chamber to the upper set of tubes b and thence through tlue L to the chimney.

I therefore claim as my inventionl. The combination with a horizontal tubular boiler, of the described close fire box of columnar proportions, having its feed door located abreast the approximate longitudinal center of one side of the boiler and above the lplane of the underside of the same, and having a grated bottom composed of independently rotatable grate bars of fine mesh, and a draft aperture beneath said re box', substantially in the manner described and for the purposes specified.

2. In combination with a horizontal steam boiler, an incasement or setting fitted with a feed door horizontally and laterally opposite the lower half of the boiler, a passageway for fuel leading downwardly therefrom to the bottom of the fire box and opening inwardly to the under side of the boiler so that fuel may be supplied to the fire and banked up in close contact with the under side of the boiler, substantially in the manner described and for the purposes specified.

In testimony whereof I have hereto subscribed my name, at the village of North Bennington, Vermont, this 31st day of December, A. D. 1892.

H. CLAYTON SIMMONS. In presence of- EMILY SCOTT, FRANKLIN SCOTT.

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