US1189398A

US1189398A - Concrete structure.

Info

Publication number: US1189398A
Application number: US72992312A
Authority: US
Inventors: John Thomas Simpson
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1912-11-07
Filing date: 1912-11-07
Publication date: 1916-07-04
Anticipated expiration: 1933-07-04

Description

J. T. SIMPSON.

CONCRETE STRUCTURE.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 7, m2

1 ,1 89,398. Patented July 4, 1916.

4 SHEETS-SHEET I.

J. T. SIMPSON.

CONCRETE STRUCTURE. APPLICATION FILED Nov. 1. 1912.

Patented July 4, 1916.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

M lnvegt or #4 M J fl k 7 11% /7 L Attorneys STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOHN THOMAS SIMPSON, OF NEWARK, NEW JERSEY.

CONCRETE STRUCTURE.

Application filed November 7, 1912.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN THOMAS SIMP- SON, a citizen of the United States, and residin in Newark, in the county of Essex and gtate of New Jersey, have invented a certain new and useful Concrete Structure, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to built-up concrete structures .with reinforcements, such as houses, schools, lofts, garages, hangars and other buildings.

The objects I have in view are to improve the strength and durability of the structure,

reduce cost, improve the appearance, and

reduce the time and labor involved in erecting, also to reduce the expenses due to transportation of the materials to the place where the structure is to be erected.

These and further objects will more fully appear from the following specification and accompanying drawings, considered together or separately.

In the accompanying drawings: Figure 1 is a cross-section, of an end of a twostory building, illustrating one embodiment of my invention and showing the founda tion, floors and roof in section. Fig. 1*- is a perspective view of the form of slab employed. Fig. 1 is a perspective view of an interlocking bond member. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal cross-section, of the side wall of the structure, taken on the line 2-2 of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is an enlarged vertical section, of the structure shown in Fig. 1. Fig. 4: is a longitudinal cross-section, of the ceiling and floor construction, also shown in Fig. 1. Fig. 5 is a transverse cross-section, of the floor'construction, taken on the line 55 of Fig. 1. Fig. 5 is a diagram of a portion of the structure shown in Fig. 5.

h Fig. 6 is an enlarged longitudinal section,

through the wall and floor construction, the section being taken on the line 6-6 of Fig. 16. Fig. 7 is a cross-section through a rafter, of the roof construction, shown in Fig. 1, illustrating the tiles and joint in a finished condition. Fig. 8 is a similar View, of the rafter, before the application of the tiles and the completion of the joint. Fig. 9 is an enlarged longitudinal section, of the roof, wall, and ceiling construction, shown in Fig. 1,the section being taken on the line 99 of Fig. 16. Fig. 10 is a similar view, taken on the line 10-10 of Fig. 16, showing the bearings, of the rafter, on the wall. Fig. 11 is a detail front elevation, of a portion of a building,

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented July 4, 1916.

Serial No. 729,923.

showing an embodiment of the invention, with the outside slab removed. Fig. 12 is a section, taken on the line 2828 of F i 16. Fig. l3 is a section, taken on the line 2? 29 of Fig. 12. Fig. 14. is a perspective view, of the form of slab used for fitting under the eaves of a building. Fig. 15 is a similar view, of the form of slab used for the top course of the interior walls; and Fig. 16' is a front elevation, of a house built according to my invention, with the exterior slabs removed, and the field molded elements shaded.

In all of the .views, like parts are designated by the same reference characters.

Briefly, the invention comprises a structure having factory-molded elements and field molded elements, the two being combined and permanently connected together by the operation of molding the latter. By factory molded elements, I mean those portions of the structure which are not molded during the operation of constructing the building. They may be made in a factory, and shipped to the place where the structure is to be erected, or they may be molded upon the site where the structure is to be erected. By field molded elements, I mean those parts of the structure which are molded during the operation of erecting the building and on the site thereof. These two elements are combined so that one kind of element will interlock with the reinforcements of the other kind of element, thus forming a unitary structure, in which the greater portion will be factory molded.

I will first describe my invention in connection with a two-story building, with double walls and concrete roof.

Referring to Fig. 1, the finished floor of the building is indicated by the reference character 1. This may be made of concrete, in the usual manner. I then make a footing course 2, of concrete, thus forming the foundation for the walls. This foundation is formed of slabs, 3, 3, with a concrete filling between the slabs. These slabs are made of reinforced concrete, with the reinforcements 62 projecting beyond the ends. A typical slab is illustrated in Fig. l, the reinforcement extending beyond the edges in the form of loops. For simplicity and cheapnes's, I prefer to make all of the slabs, out of which the building is made, of one size, so far as is possible.

Before describing the manner of erecting the building, I will first explain thedetails illustrated in Fig. 1, referring to other figures only to explain features not shown in this figure.

Above the foundation, formed of

slabs

3, 3, and filling 4, is a course of interlocking bonding members 5, forming a base course. These members are preferably the same length as the slabs, and have joints in line with the joints of the slabs. A typical bonding member is shown in Fig. 1 the reinforcement extending beyond the ends thereof in the form of loops 63. Above the bonding member are arranged

wall slabs

6, 6, of the same shape and character as the

slabs

3, 3. Above these slabs is an interlocking bonding member 7, forming a sill coursefor the window 8. Above the window is an interlocking bonding member 9, forming a head course. Above this member 9 is an inner slab 10, and an outer slab 11. The outer slab 11 is preferably of the same dimensions as the precedingly described slabs. The slab 10 is of less height. The upper edge of this slab is preferably beaded at 10", as shown in Fig. 15, so as to form a support for one edge of the ceiling slab, as will be described. The upper corners of this slab are notched at 10*, to accommodate the ends of the floor beams. The floor beams 14, rest upon the slabs 10, and their ends project midway between such slab and the slab 11.

Between the

slabs

10 and 11 is a reinforced spandrel beam 12, which forms a. bearing for the floor beams. This spandrel beam is continuous, and as will be later described, is molded in place during the operation of erecting the building. Above the spandrel beam is an interlocking bonding member 13, at the floor line. The ceiling panels 15 are preferably of reinforced concrete, and are attached to the ceiling beams in the manner to be described. Between the panels 13 is a concrete joint 16, cast in place. On the floor beams are reinforced slabs 17, preferably made substantially like the wall slabs, with projecting reinforcements extending beyond the edges. The figure shows wood sleepers 18, which support the usual wood floor 19, and base course 20. The second story comprises

wall slabs

21, 21, resting upon the bonding member 13, and supporting an interlocking bonding member 22, forming a sill course. This member supports the window 23. Above the window is an interlocking bonding member 24, forming a head course. On this member is an interior Wall slab 25, and an exterior wall slab 26. This slab 25 may be identical with the slab 10, but the slab 26 is provided with a thickened upper edge, having notches 26 for the reception of the rafters (see Fig. 14). Between the

slabs

25 and 26 is a reinforced spandrel beam which supports the ceiling beam 28, and rafter 29. The roof is preferably of metal, .with projecting portions 63, previously described. Each member has a channel 32, for the reception of a window frame or door frame, if used. On the side are notches 33, for supporting the top of the wall slabs, and a notch 34, for supporting the bottom of the wall slabs. It will be noticed that the notches 33 are inclined, and the upper edges of the slabs are correspondingly beveled so that a tight joint is produced, and the slabs are also assisted in being held in place during the erecting operation.

It will be noted that Fig. 1 shows no vertical members in the building. This is because the section is taken between such members. There is, as shown in Fig. 16, a vertical stud or post 35, between the ends of each vertical row of slabs and bonding members, extending from the foundation to the roof. These studs help to. support the weight of the building; they tie the slabs and bonding members together, and also combine with the spandrel beams to support the floors and roof. These studs are best shown in Figs. 2, 13 and 16. In the embodiment chosen for illustration, these studs are rectangular in cross-section. Each is constructed by means of a temporary form 36, and each contains a metal reinforcement 37. The form 36 may be made of any suitable material; I show wooden ones in Fig. 2. Each comprises side members 36 and end members 36 The end members 36 of these forms are preferably only of such a length as to extend the heightof a single story, for the reason that the casting or molding operation, to be later herein described, is best done for one story at a time. The side. members 36 extend only from one bonding member to another, and their ends should be notched so as to accommodate the channel 32, and

notches

33 and 34,.so that a close joint will be produced, and the concrete will not leak through the joint. Where the window dation, up to and including the member 5, is first erected. The forms 36 are then placed in position, and the

slabs

6, 6, bonding member 7, windows 8, bonding members 9, and slabs 10' and 11, are successively placed in position. The floor beams 14, then are placed in position, being temporarily supported by the slabs 10. The reinforcements 37 of the studs are placed in position, either then or earlier, as is most convenient, and the reinforcements 12 for the spandrel beams (best shown in Fig. 6). The structure will now comprise the skeleton framework of the walls, consisting of slabs, bonding members, and floor beams, together with the necessary door and window frames, the

whole bein temporarily held in position by means of t e forms. (The means for supporting the molds are partially omitted from Fig. 2, as their inclusion would tend to confuse. Any suitable means can be employed, to support the forms in place, such as bolts connecting the

outside forms

36 and 36*, which will hold the slabs, and the inner forms 36*, in position, as is shown to the left of Fig. 2). The shape of the incomplete structure is that of a single storied building, with double walls open at the top. The

slabs

10 and 11 form an opened top mold, containing the reinforcement for the spandrel beam, the bottom being formed of the continuous series of bonding members 9, while at intervals are the vertical openings between the forms 36, containing the reinforcements 37.

It is to be understood that the slabs and bonding members do not come quite together, leaving a space into which the reinforcements project. (See Figs. 2 and 13.) Concrete may now be poured into this trough between the

slabs

10 and 11, and will first enter the spaces between the forms below the bonding members 9, and will run down to the bonding members 5, and completely fill the spaces between the forms, and will incorporate itself with the projecting reinforcements of the

slabs

10, 11 and 6, 6, and

bonding members

5, 7 and 8, thus producing the studs 35. After these studs are completed, more concrete being introduced, will fill the space between the

slabs

10 and 11, being poured to the height of the slab 10, and will inclose the lower ends of the floor beams, thus producing the spandrel beam. The

reinforcements

62 and 63 on the ends of the slabs and bonding members will engage the concrete forming the studs, and a strong structure will be produced. This first molding operation continues only to the height of the slab 10, which is on a level with the top of the lower flange of the floor beams, and bottom of the ceiling slab, this being indicated by the line XX on Figs. 11 and 12. The next operation is to continue the molding of the studs from this point to the level of the top of the slab 11. This is conveniently accomplished by means of forms 11, 11 (Fig. 11) which rest upon the top of the previously molded spandrel beam, and may have pins, 11*, 11", which enter the concrete before it is 'set, so that the forms are held in place. These forms 11*, 11, define the sides of the stud, the front being defined by the form 36 which extends to this height (Fig. 2). The upper part of the stud is then molded by introducing concrete between the

forms

36 and 11, 11*. This part of the .stud will incorporate itself within the projecting portion of the floor beam reinforcement, as is shown. The second story is made in the same manner, the ceiling beams and rafters being molded into the second story spandrel beams.

The details of the ceiling and floors are best illustrated in Figs. 4, 5 and 5 The ceiling slabs 15 rest on the upper edge of the lower flange of the beam, and are so shaped that a joint an inch or so is left between adjacent slabs. This allows the parts to be manufactured cheaply without need of accurate fit. A temporary form 38, is used, to mold the joint, and also to support the slab during the molding operation and until the concrete is sufiiciently set. These forms 38 are held in position by plates or bridges 39, and supporting wires 40. The space between the edges of the slabs is filled with concrete, which enters the space under the form, and unites with the projecting edges of the reinforcement, thus locking the parts firmly in position, and at the same time allowing for expansion and contraction. The joint will project below the ceiling, thus giving a paneled eflect.

Figs. 5 and 5 show the projecting portion 14 of the floor beam reinforcement, which enters the joint between the floor slabs. The reinforcement of these slabs also enters this space, and when the joint is completed by grouting concrete in the spaces, a permanent connection is made.

The details of the roof are best shown in Figs. 7 to 10, inclusive. Each rafter is made with the usual reinforcement 40, which has a projecting portion 41, above the upper face of the rafter, this projecting portion being in the form of a bar with inclined reinforcing members entering the rafter and connecting with the member 40*. The roofing tiles 30 have raised portions 42, at their edges. These tiles are laid u on the rafters, and a cement joint 43.is ma e (Fig. 7) cmbedding the projection 41 and raised portion 42.

In accordance with the provisions of the patent statutes, I have described the principle of my invention, together with the apparatus which I now consider to represent the best embodiment thereof; but I desire to have it understood that the apparatus shown is merely illustrative and that the invention can be carried out in other ways.

Having now described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. A reinforced concrete building comprising pre-molded vertical wall slabs hav-' of the field-molded element, said fieldhaving their ends, pre-molded beams having reinmolded element forming part of the exterior of the wall of the building.

2. A reinforced concrete building comprising pre-molded vertical wall slabs having reinforcements projecting from their vertical edges, pre-molded bonding members reinforcements projecting from forcements projecting. from their ends, said bonding members engaging the horizontal edges of the slabs, each having its ends substantially coincident with the vertical edges of a slab, an end of each beam resting on a horizontal edge of a slab, and a vertical field-molded element consisting of reinforced concrete extending the entire height of the structure and embedding the projecting reinforcements of the slabs, bonding members and beams during the formation of the field-molded element, said bonding and field molded elements forming part of the exterior of the wall of the build- A reinforced concrete building comprising pre-molded floor beams having projecting reinforcements, said being spaced apart and with their ends in alinement, and a horizontal fieldmolded element of reinforced concrete extending entirely around the building and embedding the ends of and supporting the beams and their projecting reinforcements during the molding of the element, and veitical fieldmolded, load-carrying members of reinforced concrete molded integrally with and supporting the element.

4. A reinforced concrete building comprising pre-molded vertical wall slabs having projecting reinforcements, a plurality of vertical field-molded elements of rein forced concrete spaced apart by and molded aroundthe vertical edges of the slabs and embedding the ends of the slabs and the projecting reinforcements during the molding of the element, pre-molded floor beams having projecting reinforcements, said beams being spaced .apart with their ends in alinement with the vertical elements, a horizontal field-molded spandrel beam of reinforced concrete extending entirely around the building, uniting with the vertical fieldmolded elements and embedding the ends of the floor beams and their projecting reinforcements during the molding of the spandrel beam, the reinforcements of the vertical field-molded element extending into the spandrel beam, the reinforcements of the spandrel beam extending into the vertical field-molded element, the spandrel beam and vertical element being molded at the same time to form a monolithic structure.

5. A concrete building comprising wide and narrow wall slabs, a notch in one side of each slab said slabs being spaced apart and vertically arranged, a beam resting in the notch in the narrow slab, a horizontal spandrel beam between the slabs, a vertical stud embedding the ends of the slabs and of the beam, said stud uniting with the spandrel beam, and a rafter engaging the notch in the wide slab and resting on the spandrel beam.

6. A building comprising a skeleton framework consisting of vertical and horizontal reinforced concrete members, slabs filling the spaces between the vertical and horizontal members, the edges of the slabs being embedded in the members molded together to form an outer wall for the structure, slabs similarly embedded in the members to form an inner wall for the structure, certain of the slabs forming molds for the horizontal members.

This specification signed and witnessed this 24th day of October, 1912.

JOHN THOMAS SIMPSON. Witnesses:

PAULINE WESTRUP, BESSIE M. BALDWIN.