US11874400B2 - Lidar device, cruise assist system, and vehicle - Google Patents

Lidar device, cruise assist system, and vehicle Download PDF

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US11874400B2
US11874400B2 US16/936,391 US202016936391A US11874400B2 US 11874400 B2 US11874400 B2 US 11874400B2 US 202016936391 A US202016936391 A US 202016936391A US 11874400 B2 US11874400 B2 US 11874400B2
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light
light beams
light sources
rotational axis
sources
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US20200355805A1 (en
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Shunpei Suzuki
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Denso Corp
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Denso Corp
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
    • G01S7/481—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
    • G01S7/4817—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements relating to scanning
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
    • G01S7/481—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
    • G01S7/4811—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements common to transmitter and receiver
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
    • G01S7/481—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
    • G01S7/4814—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements of transmitters alone
    • G01S7/4815—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements of transmitters alone using multiple transmitters
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
    • G01S7/497—Means for monitoring or calibrating
    • G01S7/4972—Alignment of sensor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
    • G01S17/88—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S17/93—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes
    • G01S17/931—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of land vehicles

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to a lidar device including a light deflector, a cruise assist system using such a lidar device, and a vehicle using such a lidar device.
  • Lidar devices may include a deflection mirror used as a light deflection device which is rotated to deflect light for scanning.
  • the term “lidar” is also written as “LIDAR”, which is an acronym for Light Detection and Ranging.
  • An exemplary aspect of the present disclosure provides a lidar device including a phototransmitter, a photoreceiver, and a scanner.
  • the phototransmitter includes at least first and second light sources.
  • the first and second light sources are arranged such that an optical axis of at least one of light beams transmitted from the first and second light sources is obliquely inclined with respect to a reference plane that is orthogonal to a rotational axis of the scanner.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a lidar device.
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the lidar device, illustrating the structure of a light detection module disposed in a housing of the device.
  • FIG. 3 is a front view of the light detection module having its components integrally installed in a frame partially illustrated.
  • FIG. 4 is a plan view of the lidar device, with the housing omitted.
  • FIG. 5 is an explanatory cross-sectional view illustrating a structure of a mirror module.
  • FIG. 6 is a view illustrating a structure of a light source.
  • FIG. 7 is a view illustrating a structure of a light reception device.
  • FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating the path of light being transmitted and the arrangement of a transmitted light deflection mirror relative to the path of light.
  • FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating the path of a light beam being received.
  • FIG. 10 is a view illustrating how positions of the optical source and light reception device are adjusted.
  • FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an irradiation range of a light beam irradiated from a deflection mirror.
  • FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating a relationship between light sources and a light receiving area of the light reception device.
  • FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating an example of adjustment of positions of the respective light sources.
  • FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating a modification of a phototransmitter.
  • FIG. 15 is a view illustrating positions of respective light sources according to the modification illustrated in FIG. 14 .
  • FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating a modification of a light source.
  • FIG. 17 is a block diagram illustrating a cruise assist system.
  • Such a lidar device is configured to change an incident angle of light incident on a rotating deflection mirror to thereby change an output angle of light outputted from the deflection mirror in a horizontal plane perpendicular to a rotational axis of the deflection mirror.
  • Another type of a lidar device is configured to perform two-dimensional light scanning using at least first and second deflection mirrors.
  • Each of the first and second deflection mirrors has a rotational axis and a deflection surface being obliquely inclined with respect to the rotational axis at a predetermined inclination angle; the inclination angle of the first deflection mirror is different from the inclination angle of the second deflection mirror.
  • the lidar device which performs two-dimensional light scanning, is configured to change an output angle of light outputted from each of the first and second deflection mirrors in a vertical plane perpendicular to the horizontal plane, thus two-dimensionally scanning the outputted light.
  • Change of the incident angle of light, such as laser light, incident on each deflection mirror with its deflection surface being obliquely inclined with respect to its rotational axis may cause an output angle of laser light from the corresponding deflection mirror in the vertical plane to be changed depending on the rotational position of the corresponding deflection mirror.
  • This may result in one or more dead zones in a two-dimensional scanning area defined by a main scanning direction along the horizontal plane and a sub scanning direction along the vertical plane; the one or more dead zones each represent a zone in the two-dimensional scanning area that is irradiated with no laser light, i.e. a zone where no object is detected.
  • Japanese Patent Publication No. 6025014 discloses a technology that devises the shape of the deflection surface of each deflection mirror to thereby reduce a deviation of laser light deflected by each deflection mirror from a designed location.
  • each deflection mirror may have a non-planar shape, resulting in higher difficulty in designing and manufacturing the deflection mirrors.
  • the deflection surface of each deflection mirror may also have a non-uniform shape, resulting in a burden of precise adjustment of the position of light incident on the deflection surface of each deflection mirror. Misalignment of a deflection mirror in the above lidar device may deteriorate the detection accuracy of the lidar device, resulting in frequent readjustment works of the deflection mirrors being required for maintaining the detection accuracy of the lidar device.
  • lidar devices each of which has a simpler configuration that is more easily adjustable.
  • a lidar device includes a phototransmitter, a photoreceiver, and a scanner.
  • the phototransmitter includes at least first and second light sources, each of the first and second light sources being configured to transmit a light beam having an optical axis.
  • Each of the at least first and second light sources can include one or more optical devices, such as lenses or mirrors.
  • the photoreceiver is configured to receive light arriving from a predetermined direction.
  • the scanner has a rotational axis and a plurality of reflection surfaces that are parallel to a direction of the rotational axis. The scanner is configured to rotate the reflection surfaces about the rotational axis to thereby
  • the first and second light sources are arranged such that the optical axis of at least one of the light beams transmitted from the first and second light sources is obliquely inclined with respect to a reference plane that is orthogonal to the rotational axis.
  • a cruise assist system includes the lidar device.
  • a vehicle according to a third exemplary aspect of the present disclosure includes the lidar device.
  • the lidar device maintains the output angle of each light beam in a plane including the incident path of the light beams and the rotational axis to be constant. In other words, the lidar device keeps unchanged the output angle of each of the light beams in the sub scanning direction independently of the output angle of the corresponding one of the light beams in a main scanning direction. This prevents one or more dead zones from being produced in the two-dimensional scanning area; the one or more dead zones each represent a zone that is irradiated with no laser light.
  • the lidar device makes it easier to achieve the above advantageous effect without the reflection surfaces being complicated.
  • FIG. 17 illustrates a driving system 70 installable in a vehicle 60 .
  • the driving system 70 includes a lidar device 1 , a surrounding monitor apparatus 72 , and a cruise assist apparatus 74 .
  • the lidar device 1 is mounted in, for example, the compartment of the vehicle 60 .
  • the lidar device 1 is configured to transmit light to the surrounding of the vehicle 60 , and receive light from the surrounding to thereby detect various objects around the vehicle 60 .
  • the term “lidar” is also written as “LIDAR”, which is an acronym for Light Detection and Ranging.
  • the lidar device 1 is not limited to be installed in the compartment of the vehicle 60 , and can be mounted to the body of the vehicle 60 , at least part of which is exposed from the body of the vehicle 60 .
  • the surrounding monitor apparatus 72 is configured to generate, based on measurements obtained by lidar device 1 , surrounding information that enables the situations around the vehicle 60 to be monitored.
  • the surrounding monitor apparatus 72 can be configured to generate, in addition to the measurements obtained by the lidar device 1 , surrounding information in accordance with measurements obtained by at least one of one or more cameras, one or more millimeter-wave radars, sonars, these cameras, radars, and sonars are installed to the vehicle 60 .
  • the cruise assist apparatus 74 is configured to perform control of operations of the vehicle 60 in accordance with the surrounding information generated by the surrounding monitor apparatus 72 and vehicle state/behavior information measured by various sensors installed in the vehicle 60 ; the vehicle state/behavior information represents at least one of the state of the vehicle 60 and the behavior of the vehicle 60 .
  • This control of operations of the vehicle 60 enables various assist tasks of the cruising of the vehicle 60 to be carried out.
  • the various assist tasks carried out by the cruise assist apparatus 74 include, for example, a following distance control task, in other words, an auto cruise control (ACC) task, a lane keeping assist (LKA) task, a lane change assist task, a lane departure warning task, an overtaking assist task, an intervention assist task, an automatic braking task, and an autonomous driving task.
  • ACC auto cruise control
  • LKA lane keeping assist
  • lane change assist task lane change assist task
  • a lane departure warning task an overtaking assist task
  • an intervention assist task an automatic braking task
  • autonomous driving task an autonomous driving task.
  • the lidar device 1 includes a housing 100 and an optical window 200 .
  • the housing 100 is a rectangular-parallelepiped resin casing.
  • the casing has a substantially rectangular side which has an opening.
  • the housing 100 has a light detection module 2 (described later) disposed therein.
  • the optical window 200 is a resin lid fixed to the housing 100 so as to close the opening thereof.
  • the optical window 200 enables laser light transmitted from the light detection module 2 inside the housing 100 to pass therethrough.
  • an X-axis direction is defined as extending along a longer side of the substantially rectangular opening of the housing 100 ; a Y-axis direction is defined as extending along a shorter side of the opening; and a Z-axis direction is defined as extending orthogonal to the X-Y plane.
  • the X-axis direction has a left side and a right side when viewed from a point that faces the opening of the housing 100
  • the Y-axis direction has an upper side and a lower side when viewed from a point that faces the opening of the housing 100
  • a side of the opening of the housing 100 is defined as a front side
  • a side of the housing 100 which is opposite to the side of the opening, is defined as a rear side.
  • the Z-axis direction has a front side and a rear side that respectively refer to the front side of the housing 100 and the rear side thereof.
  • the light detection module 2 includes a phototransmitter 10 , a scanner 20 , and a photoreceiver 30 .
  • the light detection module 2 is mounted to the housing 100 via a frame 40 .
  • the scanner 20 includes a mirror module 21 , a partition plate 22 , and a motor 23 .
  • the mirror module 21 includes a pair of deflection mirrors 211 and 212 , and a mirror frame 213 .
  • Each of the deflection mirrors 211 and 212 is a flat plate member having a reflective surface that can reflect light.
  • the mirror frame 213 includes a disk member 213 a and a mount member 213 b .
  • the disk member 213 a is shaped like a circular flat plate, and has a center portion fastened to a rotational shaft of the motor 23 .
  • the mount member 213 b which is a plate-like shape, has both opposite major surfaces to which the deflection mirrors 211 and 212 are respectively fixed.
  • the mount member 213 b is disposed vertically on the disk member 213 a.
  • Each of the first and second deflection mirrors 211 and 212 and the mount member 213 b has a combined shape of two rectangles each having opposing longer sides. The length of the longer side of one of the two rectangles is different from the length of the longer side of the other thereof.
  • the two rectangles each of which has opposing shorter sides, are combined together such that their central axes, each of which is parallel with the shorter sides, are aligned with each other.
  • the first and second deflection mirrors 211 and 212 and the mount member 213 b are integrated with each other to constitute a mirror assembly comprised of a narrower-width rectangular portion and a wider-width rectangular portion.
  • the narrower-width rectangular portion has a narrower width in its longitudinal direction
  • the wider-width rectangular portion has a wider width in its longitudinal direction.
  • the first and second deflection mirrors 211 and 212 which are combined with each other via the mirror frame 213 , are located such that (i) the wider-width rectangular portion is lower than the narrower-width rectangular portion, and (ii) the central axis of the mirror assembly of the combined first and second deflection mirrors 211 and 212 is aligned with the center of the disk-like member 213 a .
  • Rotatably driving the motor 23 therefore allows the mirror assembly of the combined first and second deflection mirrors 211 and 212 to rotate about the rotating shaft of the motor 23 .
  • the mirror module 21 is configured to rotate around the central axis of the mirror frame 213 .
  • the reflective surfaces of the first and second deflection mirrors 211 and 212 are parallel to the rotational shaft of the motor 23 independently of the rotational position of the motor 23 .
  • the partition plate 22 is a circular plate-like member whose diameter is the same as the length of the wider-width portion in the longitudinal direction thereof.
  • the partition plate 22 is partitioned into two semicircular portions.
  • the partitioning plate 22 is fastened to the mirror module 21 while the semi-circular portions
  • Each of the first and second deflection mirrors 211 and 212 is comprised of
  • each of the first and second deflection mirrors 211 and 212 will be referred to as a transmitted-light deflector 20 a
  • the lower portion of each of the first and second deflection mirrors 211 and 212 will be referred to as a received-light deflector 20 b.
  • the phototransmitter 10 includes a pair of light sources 11 and 12 .
  • the phototransmitter 10 may also include a pair of photo transmission lenses 13 and 14 and a transmitted-light deflection mirror 15 .
  • the light source 11 is designed as a multistrip semiconductor laser that includes at least two light emitting areas A 1 and A 2 .
  • the light emitting areas A 1 and A 2 are aligned in a predetermined direction that is defined as an alignment direction, and each of the light emitting areas A 1 and A 2 has a substantially rectangular shape whose longitudinal side extends in the alignment direction.
  • Each of the light emitting areas A 1 and A 2 has an area width L in the alignment direction, and the light emitting areas A 1 and A 2 have an interval S therebetween.
  • the light emitting areas A 1 and A 2 are arranged to enable the area width L and the interval S to satisfy the following relation L ⁇ S.
  • the light emitting areas A 1 and A 2 are configured to emit light beams that have light exes parallel to each other, respectively. That is, the light beams emitted from the respective light emitting areas A 1 and A 2 also serve as transmission beams.
  • the transmitted-light deflector 20 a has opposing surfaces, and has, on each of the opposing surfaces, a reflection spot on which a light beam from each of the light sources 11 and 12 is incident.
  • Each of the opposing surfaces of the transmitted-light deflector 20 a is defined as a reference surface including the reflection spot and orthogonal to the rotational axis of the mirror module 21 .
  • the light source 11 which has a light emitting surface of each light emitting area thereof, is located away from the reflection spot in the left side of the X-axis direction, with their light emission surfaces facing the transmitted-light reflector 20 a.
  • the light source 12 which has a light emission surface of each light emitting area thereof, is located away from a corresponding deflection spot in the direction toward the rear side of the Z-axis direction, with their light emission surfaces facing toward the front side of the Z-axis direction; the deflection spot is located in a center region of a predetermined light-beam path between the reflection spot and the light source 11 .
  • the light source 11 has a first vertical position in the vertical direction (i.e., the Y-axis direction), and the light source 12 has a second vertical position in the vertical direction, i.e. the Y-axis direction.
  • the first vertical position of the light source 11 is arranged to be lower than the reference surfaces of the transmitted-light reflector 20 a in the Y-axis direction
  • the second vertical position of the light source 12 is arranged to be higher than the reference surfaces of the transmitted-light reflector 20 a .
  • the light sources 11 and 12 are arranged with the alignment direction of the light sources 11 and 12 matching the Y-axis direction.
  • the light transmission lens 13 is arranged to face the light emission surfaces of the light source 11 .
  • the light transmission lens 14 is arranged to face the light emission surfaces of the light source 12 .
  • the light sources 11 and 12 are located near the focal points of the light transmission lenses 13 and 14 , respectively.
  • the transmitted-light deflection mirror 15 is disposed at the deflection spots, and configured to deflect light beams, which have been transmitted from the light source 12 and passed through the light transmission lens 14 , to thereby guide each of the deflected light beams to the corresponding reflection spot.
  • the transmitted-light deflection mirror 15 is omitted.
  • the transmitted-light deflection mirror 15 is arranged above the path of each light beam transmitted from the light source 11 , passed through the light transmission lens 13 , and traveling toward the corresponding reflection spot. This arrangement of the transmitted-light deflection mirror 15 prevents the transmitted-light deflection mirror 15 from obstructing the path of each light beam.
  • the path of each light beam from the light source 11 to the reflection spot has the same length as the path of each light beam from the light source 12 through the transmitted-light deflection mirror 15 to the corresponding reflection spot.
  • each of the light sources 11 and 12 is configured such that the optical axes of the light emitting areas are each inclined upward by a predetermined angle with respect to the reference surfaces; the predetermined angle is selectively set within the range from 1 degrees to 2 degrees.
  • the predetermined angle is not limited to be within the range from 1 degrees to 2 degrees.
  • the angle of each of the light sources 11 and 12 can be preferably set in accordance with a light beam irradiating angle required for a sub scanning direction.
  • the photoreceiver 30 includes a light reception device 31 .
  • the photoreceiver 30 may also include a light reception lens 32 and a received light deflection mirror 33 .
  • the light reception device 31 includes an APD array 311 and a lens array 312 .
  • the APD array 311 is comprised of twelve APDs arranged in a line.
  • the “APD” refers to an avalanche photodiode.
  • the lens array 312 is comprised of twelve lenses that are arranged to face the respective APDs of the APD array 311 .
  • Each of the lenses of the lens array 312 is configured to focus a light beam incident on the light reception device 31 onto the corresponding one of the APDs.
  • the light reception device 31 is located beneath the received light deflection mirror 33 such that
  • part of the frame 40 is omitted to clearly illustrate the arrangement of the components of the photoreceiver 30 .
  • the received light deflection mirror 33 is located on the left side of the X-axis direction relative to the received-light deflector 20 b .
  • the received light deflection mirror 33 is arranged to deflect light beams, each of which is incident thereon through the photo reception lens 32 , downward by a substantially right angle with respect to the Y-axis direction, thus causing each deflected light to reach the light reception device 31 .
  • the light reception lens 32 is disposed between the received-light deflector 20 b and the received-light deflection mirror 33 .
  • the received light lens 32 has a predetermined aperture that enables each light beam, which has passed through the aperture of the received light lens 32 so as to enter the light reception device 31 , to have a reduced width in the Z-axis direction; the reduced width of the corresponding light beam in the Z-axis direction is on the order of the width of the APD in the Z-axis direction.
  • the frame 40 is configured to combine the components of the phototransmitter 10 , scanner 20 , and photoreceiver 30 together, and mount the combined components to the inside of the housing 100 while these components are fixedly arranged at predetermined respective positions in the housing 100 .
  • the frame 40 includes a lower section 41 , a side section 42 , and a rear section 43 thereof.
  • the frame 40 also includes a partition section 44 .
  • a light reception board 51 has a mount surface on which the photoreceiver 30 is mounted, and a motor board 52 has a mount surface on which the motor 23 is mounted.
  • the light reception board 51 and the motor board 52 are attached to a bottom of the frame lower section 41 .
  • the frame lower section 41 has formed therethrough a first hole through which light from the received light deflection mirror 33 to the light reception device 31 travels.
  • the frame lower section 41 also has formed therethrough a second hole through which the motor 23 of the scanner 20 is disposed.
  • the frame side section 42 has opposing front and rear surfaces, and is arranged such that the front surface faces the scanner 20 .
  • a cylindrical holder 421 projects from the front surface of the frame side section 42 .
  • the cylindrical holder 421 has a cylindrical opening with opposing front and rear ends, i.e. opposing right-side and left-side ends in the X-axis direction.
  • the light transmission lens 13 is fitted in the front end of the cylindrical opening of the cylindrical holder 421 .
  • a light emission board 53 to which the light source 11 has been assembled, is mounted to the rear surface of the frame side section 42 . With the light emission board 53 mounted to the frame side section 42 , the light source 11 is located at the rear end of the cylindrical opening of the cylindrical holder 421 , i.e. the left end of the cylindrical opening of the cylindrical holder 421 in the X-axis direction.
  • a cylindrical holder 431 projects from a front surface of the frame rear section 43 .
  • the cylindrical holder 431 has a cylindrical opening with opposing front and rear ends, i.e. opposing right-side and left-side ends in the X-axis direction.
  • the light transmission lens 13 is fitted in the front end of the cylindrical opening of the cylindrical holder 431 .
  • a light emission board 54 to which the light source 12 has been assembled, is mounted to the rear surface of the frame rear section 43 . With the light emission board 5 mounted to the frame rear section 43 , the light source 12 is located at the rear end of the cylindrical opening of the cylindrical holder 431 .
  • the partition section 44 is provided at a predetermined position to place a partition between a space in which the components of the phototransmitter 10 are located and a space in which the components of the photoreceiver 30 are located.
  • the transmitted-light reflection mirror 15 , received light deflection mirror 33 , and light reception lens 32 are assembled thereto.
  • the light reception board 51 and the pair of light transmission boards 53 and 54 are mounted to the frame 40 with screws. That is, adjusting at least one of the location and angle of the light reception board 51 with screws allows at least one of the location and angle of the light reception device 31 to be finely adjusted three-dimensionally. Similarly, adjusting at least one of the location and angle of each of the light emission boards 53 and 54 allows at least one of the location and angle of the corresponding one of the light sources 11 and 12 to be finely adjusted three-dimensionally.
  • the holder 421 is integrated with the frame side section 4 , but may be integrated with the light emission board 53 .
  • the holder 431 is integrated with the frame rear section 43 , but may be integrated with the light emission board 54 .
  • a control device 110 is for example installed in the housing 100 of the lidar device 1 (see FIG. 17 ).
  • the control device 110 is configured to control the time when each of the light sources 11 and 12 emits corresponding light beams in synchronization with rotation of the mirror module 21 of the scanner 20 . Specifically, this control causes the light source 11 to emit the light beams so that the emitted light beams enter the deflection mirror 211 , and causes the light source 12 to emit the light beams so that the emitted light beams enter the deflection mirror 212 .
  • each light beam transmitted from the light source 11 passes through the light transmission lens 13 and thereafter reaches the corresponding reflection spot P on one of the reflection surfaces of the transmitted-light deflector 20 a .
  • each light beam transmitted from the light source 12 passes through the light transmission lens 14 and is deflected by the transmitted-light deflection mirror 15 at a substantially right angle. The light beam deflected by the mirror 15 a thereafter travels to enter the corresponding reflection spot P on the other of the reflection surfaces of the transmitted-light deflection unit 20 a.
  • the light beams incident on the transmitted-light deflection unit 20 a are each transmitted in a corresponding direction determined by the rotational position of the mirror module 21 .
  • reflected light beams from a detection target located in a predetermined direction dependent on the rotational position of the mirror module 21 arrive at the received-light detection unit 20 b as arrival light beams.
  • the arrival light beams are each reflected by the received-light deflection unit 20 b so as to be deflected thereby.
  • the deflected light beams are thereafter received by the light reception device 31 via the light reception lens 32 and the received light deflection mirror 33 .
  • the predetermined direction dependent on the rotational position of the mirror module 21 refers to a direction of a light beam emitted from the transmitted-light deflection unit 20 a.
  • the lidar device 1 is configured to rotate the mirror module 21 to thereby mechanically perform the horizontal scanning, i.e. the main scanning, of the laser beams.
  • the lidar device 1 is configured to control the light sources 11 and 12 that transmit the four light beams aligned in the vertical direction while controlling the APD array 31 , thus electronically performing the vertical scanning, i.e. the sub scanning, of the laser beams.
  • the light sources 11 and 12 are arranged such that
  • the light reception device 31 is arranged at a predetermined region including a focal point of the light reception lens 32 .
  • the following defines the light beam emitted from the light emitting area A 1 of the light source 11 as a light beam B 11 , the light beam emitted from the light emitting area A 2 of the light source 11 as a light beam B 12 , the light beam emitted from the light emitting area A 1 of the light source 12 as a light beam B 21 , and the light beam emitted from the light emitting area A 2 of the light source 12 as a light beam B 22 .
  • the light beams B 11 and B 12 deflected from the corresponding reflection spot P of the transmitted-light deflector 20 a and the light beams B 21 and B 22 deflected from the corresponding reflection spot P of the transmitted-light deflector 20 a are aligned along a Y-Z plane defined by the Y-axis direction and the Z-axis such that
  • fine adjustment of the position of each of the light sources 11 and 12 enables the light beams B 11 , B 21 , B 12 , and B 22 to be aligned without no gaps therebetween.
  • a reflection light beam generated based on reflection of each of the light beams B 11 , B 21 , B 12 , and B 22 is irradiated on the APD array 31 as a received light beam such that the reflection light beam corresponding to each of the light beams B 11 , B 21 , B 12 , and B 22 is incident on the center portions of corresponding APDs of the APD array 31 in the Z-axis direction.
  • the received light beam corresponding to the light beam B 11 is irradiated on a first set of corresponding three APDs in the APD array 31
  • the received light beam corresponding to the light beam B 21 is irradiated on a second set of corresponding three APDs in the APD array 31
  • the received light beam corresponding to the light beam B 12 is irradiated on a third set of corresponding three APDs in the APD array 31
  • the received light beam corresponding to the light beam B 22 is irradiated on a fourth set of corresponding three APDs in the APD array 31 .
  • the three APDs of the first set, the three APDs of the second set, the three APDs of the third set, and the three APDs of the fourth set are different from one another.
  • the reflection surfaces of the transmitted-light deflector 20 a are arranged to be parallel to the rotational axis of the mirror module 21 . For this reason, an inclination angle of the optical axis of each light beam, which is deflected from the corresponding reflection surface of the transmitted-light deflector 20 a , to the corresponding reflection surface along a vertical plane becomes constant independently of any rotational position of the mirror module 21 ; the vertical plane includes an incident path of the corresponding light beam on the corresponding reflection surface along the Y-axis direction.
  • an output angle, i.e. a vertical angle, of each of the light beams B 11 , B 21 , B 12 , and B 22 outputted from the transmitted-light deflector 20 a in the Y-axis direction corresponding to the sub-scanning direction becomes constant independently of an output angle, i.e. a horizontal angle, of the corresponding one of the light beams B 11 , B 21 , B 12 , and B 22 outputted from the transmitted-light deflector 20 a in the X-axis direction corresponding to the main-scanning direction.
  • FIG. 13 illustrates a first example of the relationship between the APD array 311 of the light reception device 31 and the received light beams before fine adjustment of the position of the light sources 11 and 12 , and a second example of the relationship between the APD array 311 of the light reception device 31 and the received light beams after fine adjustment of the position of the light sources 11 and 12 .
  • Adjustment of the position of the light source 11 enables the irradiated positions of the received light beams respectively corresponding to the light beams B 11 and B 12 to be changed integrally as one piece.
  • adjustment of the position of the light source 12 enables the irradiated positions of the received light beams respectively corresponding to the light beams B 21 and B 22 to be changed integrally as one piece.
  • the light beams B 11 and B 12 are incident on the deflection mirror 211 and the light beams B 21 and B 22 are incident on the deflection mirror 212 , which is different from the deflection mirror 211 .
  • This enables adjustment of the position of the received light beams based on the respective light beams B 11 and B 12 from the light source 11 to be performed independently, and adjustment of the position of the received light beams based on the respective light beams B 21 and B 22 from the light source 12 to be performed independently.
  • the position of the light reception device 31 can be adjusted to enable the amount of positional adjustment of the light sources 11 and 12 to be minimized and/or enable adjustment of only one of the light sources 11 and 12 to be performed.
  • the lidar device 1 described in detail above achieves the following advantages effects.
  • the lidar device 1 includes the scanner 20 , and the scanner 20 includes the deflection mirrors 211 and 212 that respectively serve as reflection surfaces of the scanner 20 .
  • the deflection mirrors 211 and 212 are each arranged to be parallel to the axial direction of the rotational axis of the motor 23 . This configuration of the lidar device 1 maintains the output angle, i.e. the vertical angle, of each light beam in the sub scanning direction to be constant, making it possible to irradiate the two-dimensionally defined scanning region with the light beams without any gaps therebetween.
  • the lidar device 1 keeps unchanged the output angle of each of the light beams in the sub scanning direction independently of the incident position of a corresponding one of incident light beams on the transmitted-light deflector 20 a , making it easier to control the incident position of each of the incident light beams on the transmitted-light deflector 20 a as compared with conventional lidar devices.
  • the light sources 11 and 12 of the phototransmitter 10 included in the lidar device 1 respectively have the optical axes, and the optical axis of each of the light sources 11 and 12 is arranged to be obliquely inclined with respect to the reference surfaces of the transmitted-light deflector 20 a .
  • the transmitted-light deflection mirror 15 is configured to deflect the path of each light beam transmitted form the light source 12 to the transmitted-light deflector 20 a . This enables the light sources 11 and 12 to be located such that the light beams transmitted from the respective light sources 11 and 12 are overlapped with each other in the Y-axis direction, resulting in the size of the lidar device 1 in the Y-axis direction to be smaller.
  • the lidar device 1 is configured to
  • This configuration enables the first relationship between the light reception device 31 and the received reflected light beams for the light source 11 and the second relationship between the light reception device 31 and the received reflected light beams for the light source 12 to be individually adjusted even if the reflection surfaces of the respective deflection mirrors 211 and 212 have been slightly obliquely inclined with respect to the rotational axis of the motor 23 due to, for example, manufacturing tolerances of the mirrors 211 and 212 .
  • the lidar device 1 has a smaller size and a configuration that enables various adjustments to be easily performed, resulting in a higher mountable feature. This makes it possible to provide the cruise assist system 70 , which includes the lidar device 1 , having a smaller system size and a simpler configuration. Similarly, this makes it possible to provide the vehicle 60 , which includes the lidar device 1 , having a smaller size and a simpler configuration.
  • the positions of the light sources 11 and 12 in the Y-axis direction are determined to prevent the transmitted-light deflection mirror 15 from interrupting the path of each light beam from the light source 11 , but the present disclosure is not limited thereto.
  • a polarization beam splitter 16 can be provided in place of the transmitted-light deflection mirror 15 .
  • the light source 11 is configured to transmit the light beams each having a predetermined first polarization direction
  • the light source 12 is configured to transmit the light beams each having a predetermined second polarization direction; the first and second polarization directions have a difference of 90 degrees from each other.
  • the polarization beam splitter 16 is arranged to enable the light beams transmitted from the light source 11 therethrough while reflect the light beams transmitted from the light source 12 .
  • the polarization beam splitter 16 can be arranged on the paths of the respective light beams from the light sourced 11 to the reflection spot P. This enables, as illustrated in FIG. 15 , the position of the light source 11 and the position of the light source 12 in the Y-axis direction to be substantially identical to each other, resulting in the size of the lidar device 1 being smaller in the Y-axis direction.
  • the light sources 11 and 12 can be configured to output the light beams that have the same polarization direction, and a wavelength plate can be used to change one of the light beams outputted from the light sources 11 and 12 .
  • the polarization beam splitter 16 is an example of an optical device.
  • the present embodiment uses the two light sources, but the number of the light sources can be set to three or more.
  • the light emitting areas of each of at least two light sources have an interval therebetween and are arranged to satisfy the following equation: ( M ⁇ 1) ⁇ L ⁇ S
  • M represents the number of the at least two light sources
  • L represents the width of each of the light emitting areas in each of the at least two light sources
  • S represents the interval between the light emitting areas.
  • the present embodiment uses, as the light sources 11 and 12 , multistrip semiconductor lasers, each of which has the two light emitting areas A 1 and A 2 , but the present disclosure is not limited thereto.
  • the present disclosure can use, as each of the light sources 11 and 12 , a multistrip laser having three light emitting areas A 1 to A 3 .
  • the light emitting areas A 1 to A 3 can be arranged to satisfy the following equation: L ⁇ S
  • the light sources 11 and 12 are arranged such that their optical axes intersect with each other, but can be arranged such that their optical axes are separated from each other while extending from the light sources 11 and 12 .
  • the scanner 20 of the present embodiment includes the two deflection mirrors 211 and 212 , but can include at least three deflection mirrors.
  • the scanner 20 of the present embodiment includes the transmitted-light deflector 20 a and the received-light deflector 20 b on the same deflection mirror module, but can include the transmitted-light deflector 20 a and the received-light deflector 20 b on respective different mirror modules.
  • a plurality of functions of one component in the above embodiment may be implemented by a plurality of components, and one function of one component may be implemented by a plurality of components.
  • a plurality of components of a plurality of components may be implemented by one component, and one function implemented by a plurality of components may be implemented by one component.
  • Part of the configuration in the above embodiment may be eliminated.
  • Part of the configuration of the above embodiment may be added to or replaced with part of a configuration of at least one of the modifications.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Optical Radar Systems And Details Thereof (AREA)
US16/936,391 2018-01-24 2020-07-22 Lidar device, cruise assist system, and vehicle Active 2041-04-03 US11874400B2 (en)

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JP2018009657A JP7043848B2 (ja) 2018-01-24 2018-01-24 ライダー装置
JP2018-009657 2018-01-24
PCT/JP2019/002096 WO2019146647A1 (ja) 2018-01-24 2019-01-23 ライダー装置、運転支援システム、及び車両

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CN110231609B (zh) * 2019-08-07 2022-09-13 深圳市速腾聚创科技有限公司 激光雷达
JP7505324B2 (ja) 2019-09-03 2024-06-25 株式会社デンソー 光測距装置
CN114341671A (zh) * 2019-09-03 2022-04-12 株式会社电装 光测距装置
JP2021148587A (ja) * 2020-03-18 2021-09-27 株式会社リコー 物体検出装置、及び移動体
KR102656294B1 (ko) * 2020-06-23 2024-04-19 주식회사 라이드로 라이다 장치
JP7505422B2 (ja) * 2021-03-11 2024-06-25 株式会社デンソー 光検出装置
CN113567956B (zh) * 2021-04-09 2023-01-13 华为技术有限公司 一种探测装置及其控制方法
CN113391290A (zh) * 2021-05-18 2021-09-14 宁波傲视智绘光电科技有限公司 一种激光雷达旋转反射装置及激光雷达
CN115166695B (zh) * 2022-09-06 2022-12-23 深圳力策科技有限公司 高安全性激光雷达扫描装置
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CN111656215B (zh) 2023-10-24
WO2019146647A1 (ja) 2019-08-01
DE112019000517T5 (de) 2020-10-08
JP7043848B2 (ja) 2022-03-30
JP2019128232A (ja) 2019-08-01
US20200355805A1 (en) 2020-11-12

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