US11389114B2 - Device to measure analytes in the skin - Google Patents

Device to measure analytes in the skin Download PDF

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US11389114B2
US11389114B2 US14/655,850 US201314655850A US11389114B2 US 11389114 B2 US11389114 B2 US 11389114B2 US 201314655850 A US201314655850 A US 201314655850A US 11389114 B2 US11389114 B2 US 11389114B2
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layer
membrane
skin
expandable
dermal patch
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US20150335287A1 (en
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Toomas Neuman
Aram Kazarjan
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/68—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient
    • A61B5/6801—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be attached to or worn on the body surface
    • A61B5/683—Means for maintaining contact with the body
    • A61B5/6832—Means for maintaining contact with the body using adhesives
    • A61B5/6833—Adhesive patches
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B10/00—Other methods or instruments for diagnosis, e.g. instruments for taking a cell sample, for biopsy, for vaccination diagnosis; Sex determination; Ovulation-period determination; Throat striking implements
    • A61B10/0035—Vaccination diagnosis other than by injuring the skin, e.g. allergy test patches
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    • A61B10/0045—Devices for taking samples of body liquids
    • A61B10/0064—Devices for taking samples of body liquids for taking sweat or sebum samples
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    • A61B5/145—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue
    • A61B5/14546—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue for measuring analytes not otherwise provided for, e.g. ions, cytochromes
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    • A61B5/1468—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue using chemical or electrochemical methods, e.g. by polarographic means
    • A61B5/1477—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue using chemical or electrochemical methods, e.g. by polarographic means non-invasive
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    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/00051—Accessories for dressings
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    • A61F13/0203—Adhesive bandages or dressings with fluid retention members
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    • G—PHYSICS
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    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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    • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/52—Use of compounds or compositions for colorimetric, spectrophotometric or fluorometric investigation, e.g. use of reagent paper and including single- and multilayer analytical elements
    • G01N33/528—Atypical element structures, e.g. gloves, rods, tampons, toilet paper
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    • A61B2560/04—Constructional details of apparatus
    • A61B2560/0406—Constructional details of apparatus specially shaped apparatus housings
    • A61B2560/0412—Low-profile patch shaped housings
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    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F2013/00089—Wound bandages
    • A61F2013/0028—Wound bandages applying of mechanical pressure; passive massage
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F2013/00361—Plasters
    • A61F2013/00365—Plasters use
    • A61F2013/0037—Plasters use for cosmesis
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    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F2013/00361—Plasters
    • A61F2013/00544—Plasters form or structure
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
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    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
    • A61F13/84—Accessories, not otherwise provided for, for absorbent pads
    • A61F2013/8473—Accessories, not otherwise provided for, for absorbent pads for diagnostic purposes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to dermal patches for selectively retaining one or more analyte(s) from a body of a subject, methods for measuring the concentration of one or more analytes from a body of a subject, as well as kits comprising such patches.
  • transdermal patches which either actively or passively samples analyte via the skin, where the analyte is transported to the patch e.g. via perspiration or sweat as the carrier medium.
  • the sample can then be analysed by conventional methods to determine the concentration levels of different analytes of interest, which can be used to determine which treatments are most effective for every single person.
  • WO 96/39923 A1 (to Sudor partners) describes a dermal patch for accumulating moisture expressed from the skin. The focus is on tamperproof drug abuse screening patches.
  • the dermal patch can contain antibodies for specifically binding analytes of interest to the absorbent material of the patch.
  • FIG. 7 of WO 96/39923 A1 shows a dermal patch with two test zones.
  • WO 96/39923 A1 does not address the problem of reliably and quickly obtaining a result that can be used in personalized medicine and/or personalized skin care.
  • the present invention was made in view of the prior art described above, and the object of the present invention is to provide a reliable and/or improved way of determining the level of different analytes while reducing the sampling time necessary.
  • the present invention provides a dermal patch for selectively retaining one or more analyte(s) from a body of a subject comprising, e.g. in sequence: a membrane layer ( 101 ) for retaining one or more analyte(s) from a body of a subject, with a first and a second side, wherein the first side is adapted to be in fluid communication with the skin of the subject; optionally holding means for securing the membrane layer in place; an adhesive layer ( 104 ); and a backing layer; wherein between the backing layer and the membrane layer ( 101 ) there is an expandable layer ( 103 ) for applying pressure to the membrane layer.
  • the inventors of the present invention in a first aspect of the invention found that the sampling of analytes could be obtained faster and more reliably by applying pressure to the membrane layer after it has been removably secured to the skin of the subject, thereby ensuring an improved fluid connection between the skin and the membrane.
  • the holding means ( 102 ) is made out of the same material as the membrane layer ( 101 ), and where the holding means is not attached to the expandable layer ( 103 ).
  • the expandable layer ( 103 ) is for applying pressure and moisture to the membrane layer.
  • the moisture layer for applying moisture to the membrane layer in fluid communication with the membrane layer ( 101 ).
  • the moisture layer also functions as a protective layer, and is placed between the expandable layer and the membrane layer, and preferably where the protective layer is placed adjacent to the second side of the membrane layer.
  • the moisture layer in fluid communication with the membrane layer ( 101 ) is the same layer as the expandable layer ( 103 ).
  • the expandable layer ( 103 ) contains compressed cellulose.
  • the backing layer has an aperture that allows liquid added through the aperture to be in fluid communication with the expandable layer and/or the moisture layer.
  • the area of the expandable layer ( 103 ) completely encompass the membrane layer ( 101 ) and where the area of the expandable layer ( 103 ) is equal to or larger than the area of the membrane layer ( 101 ).
  • the area of the membrane layer ( 101 ) is 1 cm 2 or less.
  • the membrane layer ( 101 ) comprise one or more distinct capture section(s) with affinity molecule(s) for selectively retaining one or more analyte(s), and in some embodiments the area of the capture section is less than 0.01 cm 2 , preferably less than 0.003 cm 2 .
  • the membrane layer ( 101 ) comprises at least four distinct capture sections for selectively retaining the analyte where in each of the at least four distinct capture sections, and in further embodiments at least four different affinity molecules have been immobilized.
  • the dermal patch is for use in medicine.
  • Another aspect of the present invention provides a method for measuring the concentration of one or more analytes in a sample comprising the following steps:
  • the method additionally comprises the steps:
  • the one or more analytes to be measured comprise at least one or more of the following group of analytes: extracellular matrix protein (affecting a skin feature), anti-microbial peptides (AMP), interleukins, growth factors and chemokines.
  • extracellular matrix protein affecting a skin feature
  • AMP anti-microbial peptides
  • interleukins growth factors and chemokines.
  • kits for determining the effect of a topical treatment comprising at least two patches according to the present invention.
  • the kit additionally comprises an activation liquid for activating the expandable layer, and wetting the membrane.
  • FIG. 1 shows a patch according to some embodiments of the invention with membrane ( 101 ), holding means for the membrane ( 102 ), expandable layer ( 103 ) and adhesive layer ( 104 ).
  • FIG. 2 shows a membrane ( 101 ) according to some embodiments of the invention with 20 zones, each around 0.5 mm in diameter, and spaced around 0.59 mm apart on a membrane with a diameter of 6.25 mm and an area of 1.23 cm 2 .
  • FIG. 3 shows a cross section of a patch according to some embodiments of the invention with an adhesive layer, an expandable layer, a protective layer (moisture layer) and a membrane layer with affinity molecules such as antibodies, placed on the skin.
  • FIG. 4 shows a difference in intensity when comparing membranes with and without expandable layers.
  • “Expandable layer 1 ” uses one sheet of compressed cellulose and “Expandable layer 2 ” uses two sheets of compressed cellulose.
  • FIG. 5 shows a membrane according to some embodiments of the invention with 16 zones, with corresponding layout of different material to introduce to the zones and the different concentrations.
  • FIG. 6 shows a patch according to some embodiments of the invention, with membrane ( 601 ), holding means for membrane ( 602 ), expandable layer ( 603 ), adhesive layer ( 604 ), moisture layer ( 605 ), backing layer ( 606 ), aperture that allows liquid added through the aperture to be in fluid communication with the expandable layer and/or the moisture layer ( 610 ) and a peelable layer to protect the adhesive ( 611 ), where (A) is the side facing away from the skin; (B) is the side of the patch that faces the skin; and (C) an cross-sectional view of the patch.
  • FIG. 7 shows an example of a kit.
  • the kit contains a disposable cleaning towel for cleaning up the area where the two patches are going to be applied.
  • Step 2 can include a container with an active ingredient for topical application and a sticker ring to mark the place where the active ingredient would be applied onto the skin. The active ingredient is left to work for some time, e.g. 60 minutes.
  • Step 3 includes two patches: a control patch which is placed on the cleaned untreated area, and a measuring patch which is placed on the skin treated with the active ingredient from step 2 .
  • Step 3 also includes an activation fluid for the expandable membrane and for moisturising the membrane. The patches are left to collect samples from the skin for some time, e.g. 15 minutes.
  • Step 4 involves sticking the control patch and the measuring patch in the designated areas and sending the patches to analysis.
  • FIGS. 1-7 are not necessarily drawn to scale.
  • the dimensions and characteristics of some features in the figures may have been enlarged, distorted or altered relative to other features in the figures to facilitate a better understanding of the illustrative examples disclosed herein.
  • FIGS. 1 and 6 show a schematic of a dermal patch in accordance with certain embodiments of the invention.
  • the dermal patch is for selectively retaining one or more analyte(s) from a body of a subject comprising in sequence:
  • a dermal patch is a patch that is configured to be releasably fastened to the skin of a subject, and by being in contact with the skin retain one or more analytes.
  • a peelable covering such as a siliconized release liner protects the membrane and adhesive of the patch.
  • the backing layer and adhesive layer could for example be a porous elastic nonwoven tape with a gentle adhesive.
  • dermal patches are envisaged diffusion patches, osmosis patches, electrical patches and any other type of patches with enforced diffusion that will collect different analytes present at or near the surface of the skin, such as drugs, drug metabolites, metabolites, glucose, anti-microbial peptides (AMPs), chemokines, interleukins, growth factors and/or hormones.
  • the analytes are selected from the list consisting of: anti-microbial peptides (AMPs), chemokines and interleukins.
  • the dermal patch is a diffusion patch, where the diffusion is not enforced.
  • This retention of analytes can in preferable embodiments be a selective retention, such as by having one or more distinct capture section(s) with affinity molecules, which selectively binds to one or more analyte(s) thereby selectively retaining such analyte(s) of interest.
  • Affinity molecules in general are molecules that have a larger affinity for a particular analyte or class of analytes than other analytes.
  • antibodies polyclonal and/or monoclonal, and fragments thereof
  • aptamers and receptors
  • other engineered protein scaffolds such known as AdNectin, Affibody, Anticalin, Knottin, DARPin and Kunitz, as well as organic and/or polymeric scaffolds.
  • the one or more analyte(s) from a body of a subject to be analysed with the patch covers all types of analytes present in the body or on the body.
  • analytes are secreted together with body fluid, and/or body fluid is a carrier medium for the analyte.
  • the analytes are from the skin of the body, such as extracellular analytes present in the skin as well as analytes present on the skin surface, or submerged within the dermal surface, as well as analytes syntetized by keratinocytes or other cells in the skin.
  • analytes syntetized by keratinocytes or other cells in the skin in other embodiments relating to e.g.
  • the analytes are the drugs themselves or metabolites thereof, which will be transported with a body fluid to the surface of the skin.
  • the term one or more analyte(s) from a body of a subject is intended to cover all analytes that can be transferred from the skin of the body and onto the membrane layer according to the present invention.
  • the sweat or perspiration released from the skin of the subject will contain the analytes described above, which will be transported via sweat or perspiration to the membrane layer according to the present invention.
  • Exemplary subjects of the present invention are any living creature, such as mammals, for example humans.
  • the membrane layer ( 101 ) should be able to adsorp and/or absorp the analytes, and in certain embodiments the membrane is selected from nitrocellulose, activated Nylon, and/or PVDF, which are suited for immobilisation of in particular capture molecules, including antibodies.
  • the membrane has a first (front) side, which is adapted to be in fluid communication with the skin of the subject, namely that the analyte is able to be transported from the skin of the subject and onto or into the membrane through the first side.
  • the membrane also has a second (back) side, which in some embodiments are in fluid contact with a moisture layer, which ensures that the entire membrane (both the first and second side) is moist thereby improving the fluid communication with the skin.
  • the second side of the membrane could also be only partially in fluid communication with a moisture layer, and still obtain the effect of ensuring that the entire membrane is moist.
  • the membrane layer is permeable to aqueous fluids, such as the body fluid and the aqueous fluid in the moisture layer.
  • the membrane is configured so as not to be expandable.
  • the membrane layer ( 101 ) is not physically attached to the dermal skin patch, but is a separate part.
  • the membrane layer comprises holding means that hold the membrane in place.
  • the holding means are adhesive covering part of the second side of the membrane layer, and in other embodiments the holding means ( 102 ) can be attached to the periphery of the membrane layer ( 101 ).
  • the dermal patch comprise an adhesive layer ( 104 ), which ensures that the patch can be reversibly fastened to the skin of a subject.
  • the adhesive layer ( 104 ) is backed by a backing layer ( 606 ) which can be made out of any typical backing layer. In some embodiments the backing layer will not absorb aqueous liquid.
  • the expandable layer ( 103 ) is placed between the backing layer and the membrane layer. It is a layer that can be expanded so as to apply pressure to the membrane layer ( 101 ).
  • an expandable layer are an inflatable material, such as an inflatable pouch, a spring operated device or a swellable material.
  • the expandable layer is not a desiccant, and in some embodiments the material is compressed cellulose, which will swell upon contact with a liquid, such as an aqueous solution, thereby applying pressure to the membrane layer, which will be pressed tightly against the skin of the subject.
  • the membrane layer ( 101 ) is smaller than the expandable layer ( 103 ), and the expandable layer is smaller than the adhesive layer and backing layer.
  • the holding means ( 102 ) of the dermal patch is made out of the same material as the membrane layer ( 101 ), which is an example of the holding means ( 102 ) being be attached to the periphery of the membrane layer ( 101 ). This reduces the components in the patch and simplifies manufacture.
  • the holding means ( 102 ) is not attached to expandable layer ( 103 ), but rather attached to the adhesive layer ( 104 ). This allows the expandable layer ( 103 ), which is also attached to the adhesive layer ( 104 ) to expand/move freely over the surface of the membrane layer ( 101 ) thereby avoiding pulling and/or distorting the membrane layer so that it is pressed uniformly against the skin.
  • the expandable layer ( 103 ) is for applying pressure and moisture to the membrane layer.
  • One example of an expandable layer which is suitable for both applying pressure and moisture to the membrane layer is compressed cellulose, which expands upon contact with a liquid, such as water, and will also release the water again to components, which it is in fluid contact with, such as the membrane.
  • a moisture layer is present for applying moisture to the membrane layer ( 101 ). This is also shown on FIG. 6 .
  • the moisture layer ( 605 ) is a layer in between the expandable layer ( 103 , 603 ) and the membrane ( 101 , 601 ). It is beneficial to have a separate moisture layer, when for example the expandable layer is not able to deliver moisture, such as when it is an inflatable plastic pouch.
  • a moisture layer is also beneficial, when the expandable layer is able to deliver moisture, as for example when the expandable layer is a compressed cellulose layer, as the moisture layer can in some embodiments help homogenize the humidity dispersion to the membrane ( 101 ) when a liquid, such as aqueous liquid, e.g. a buffer, saline and/or water, is added to the moisture layer.
  • a liquid such as aqueous liquid, e.g. a buffer, saline and/or water
  • Exemplary embodiments of the moisture layer can be a woven fabric, such as cotton, gaze, and/or cellulose.
  • the moisture layer is made out of a smooth material it can also function as a protective layer, protecting the membrane from potential damage from the expandable layer and also to evenly distribute the pressure from the expandable layer over the entire membrane.
  • Smooth material such as cellulose and rayon blend absorbent material (e.g. sold as PALL Cellulose and rayon blend absorbent sink, Part no. S70006 and having an average wicking rate of 10 sec/3 cm and a water absorption capacity of 40 ⁇ l/cm 3 ) are suitable both as a moisture layer as well as a being a smooth protective layer.
  • cellulose and rayon blend absorbent material e.g. sold as PALL Cellulose and rayon blend absorbent sink, Part no. S70006 and having an average wicking rate of 10 sec/3 cm and a water absorption capacity of 40 ⁇ l/cm 3
  • PALL Cellulose and rayon blend absorbent sink Part no. S70006 and having an average wicking rate of 10 sec/3 cm and a water absorption capacity of 40 ⁇ l/cm 3
  • the moisture layer in fluid communication with the membrane layer ( 101 ) is the same layer as the expandable layer ( 103 ). This dual functionality of the expandable layer reduces the number of components in the patch and simplifies manufacture.
  • the backing layer ( 606 ) has an aperture ( 610 ) that allows liquid, such as water, to be added through the aperture ( 610 ) to be in fluid communication with the expandable layer ( 103 , 603 ) and/or the moisture layer ( 605 ).
  • the dermal patch can be releasably fastened to the skin of the subject and water can be added through the aperture ( 610 ) thereby saturating the moisture layer with water.
  • the water added through the aperture will activate the expandable layer and additionally moisten both the expandable layer and the moisture layer, which in turn will serve as a reservoir of water to keep the membrane wetted throughout the sampling period.
  • the aperture is connected to a blister pack which comprise a predetermined quantity of a liquid, such as water, and which, when ruptured will provide the liquid to the expandable layer through the aperture ( 610 ).
  • the area of the expandable layer ( 103 , 603 ) completely encompass the membrane layer ( 101 , 601 ). In some embodiments the area of the expandable layer ( 103 , 603 ) is equal to or larger than the area of the membrane layer ( 101 , 601 ). In the embodiments, where the expandable layer covers the membrane layer, and is larger than the membrane layer, it provides an additional reservoir capacity for keeping the membrane wet throughout the sampling period.
  • FIG. 2 shows a membrane layer, which in some embodiments has an area of 1 cm 2 or less. This reduces the area for sampling and possible heterogenity effects of a too large sampling area, as well as reducing vulnerability of the patch to movement of the body affecting the area where the patch is applied.
  • the membrane layer has an area of 0.5 cm 2 or less, such as less than 0.2 cm 2 .
  • the membrane is in preferable embodiments adapted for selective retention of analytes, such as by having one or more distinct capture section(s) with affinity molecules, which selectively binds to one or more analyte(s) thereby selectively retaining such analyte(s) of interest.
  • the membrane has at least one distinct capture section consisting of one or more affinity molecules, e.g. one or more antibodies.
  • a capture section is usually defined by immobilizing (such as crosslinking or conjugating) an affinity molecule to the membrane. This can be done using conventional conjugation chemistry, which is known to the skilled person. Also, when the membrane is made out of a material such as nitrocellulose, activated Nylon, PVDF, and the affinity molecules are protein scaffolds, such as antibodies, then, in some embodiments, specific cross linking or conjugation chemistry is not necessary, as the antibodies will be immobilized on the membrane. On way of making a defined capture section is by dispensing from e.g. a needle, syringe, valve or pipette a specific amount and concentration of the affinity molecule in a spot on the membrane. In some embodiments the affinity molecules spots are made on the first side of the membrane to allow for the fastest and most effective diffusion of analytes to the affinity molecules.
  • the area of the capture section is less than 0.01 cm 2 , such as less than 0.003 cm 2 . Spots with a diameter of 0.1 mm with a corresponding area of around 0.0001 cm 2 have been prepared.
  • the small spots, as the capture sections are also called in this description, are advantageous because the smaller the spots are, the smaller is the area in which the analytes of interest accumulates, when binding to the spots containing the specific affinity molecules. This allows for a more concentrated area, which results in a lower sampling time and/or higher reliability in the results, when comparing with a capture section larger than 0.01 cm 2 .
  • the smaller capture area makes it possible to include multiple capture areas with the same affinity molecule in e.g. with same and/or different concentrations to allow for redundancy and/or calibration in the system.
  • the membrane layer ( 101 , 601 ) comprise at least four distinct capture sections for selectively retaining the analyte.
  • the number of distinct capture sections are at least 6, such as at least, 8, 10, 12, 16, 18, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 70, 100.
  • the number of different affinity molecules are equal to the number of distinct capture sections.
  • the number of different affinity molecules are less than the number of distinct capture sections, such as when different concentrations of the same affinity molecule is used on the same membrane, which is shown in FIG. 5 .
  • the number of different affinity molecules is more than the number of distinct capture sections, such as when the patch is used for screening purposes, and a mixture of different affinity molecules are used in a single capture zone.
  • the mixture of different affinity molecules are at least 2, such as at least 8, 10, 12, 16, 18, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 70, 100.
  • the dermal patch according to the present invention is for use in medicine, such as for example in personalized medicine, where the effect of a medical treatment is ascertained using the dermal patch according to the present invention.
  • the effects of medical treatment that is to be ascertained/monitored using the dermal patch according to the present invention is medical treatment of skin diseases, such as for example inflammatory and infectious skin diseases such as psoriasis, dermatitis.
  • skin diseases such as for example inflammatory and infectious skin diseases such as psoriasis, dermatitis.
  • the dermal patch according to the present invention is for use in ascertaining/monitoring cosmetic treatment, such as for example in personalized skin care, where the effect of a cosmetic treatment is ascertained using the dermal patch according to the present invention.
  • the cosmetic treatment that is to be ascertained using the dermal patch according to the present invention is cosmetic treatment such as anti-wrinkle treatment, anti-aging treatment, skin scars, keloids, acne, pigmentation disorders, and/or skin inflammation related conditions.
  • distinct capture sections contain one or more of the following: Positive controls, Negative controls, and normalisation markers, which are analytes, which are secreted at almost the same level in all subjects that can be used to normalize the concentration for comparison with other subjects or reference group of subjects.
  • the positive control is one or more a capture sections.
  • a positive control is a biotinylated immunoglobulin that can also be used to normalize the immune reaction in the processing of analytical membrane.
  • the negative control is a capture section without capture antibody, which is illustrative of the “background noise” of the membrane during analysis.
  • the negative control area is treated similarly to other capture sections but without the addition of a capture antibody.
  • the normalization factor is one or more capture sections, containing e.g. an antibody against an antigen that is equally expressed in as many subjects as possible.
  • the skilled person can based on prior art identify one or more candidates for a normalisation factor as a factor that is expressed in as close to equal amounts in different subjects.
  • Another aspect of the present invention is a method for measuring the concentration of one or more analytes in a sample comprising the following steps:
  • the sampling period from the patch is releasably fastened to the skin and the expandable layer activated and until it is removed again is less than 30 minutes. In some embodiments this period is more than 1 minute, such as more than 5 minutes. In other embodiments this period is between 10 and 25 minutes, such as between 15 and 25 minutes. This short period allows the subject to take the test at a clinic, such as a cosmetologist or skin care specialist office, as well as at home.
  • the dermal patch After the dermal patch has been removed it can be shipped to a laboratory for processing. It is also possible that the patch can be processed on site at e.g. a dermatologist office or beauty clinic with the aid of automated process equipment.
  • the membrane is configured to provide a direct read-out, or a read-out after adding a developing fluid.
  • the binding event will be visualised using a colorimetric immunoassay (such as ELISA analysis) either with or without amplification, such as by using a biotin-streptavidin assay.
  • the intensity of the capture sections correspond to the concentration of the analyte, and such intensity can be quantitatively determined by scanning the membranes and using analysis software. Examples of membranes that have been analysed using a colorimetric assay are shown in FIG. 4 .
  • fluorescence, immunogold or nanoparticles based detection techniques will be used to quantify bound analytes.
  • the one or more analytes to be measured comprise at least one or more of the following group of analytes: extracellular matrix protein (affecting a skin feature), AMP, interleukins, growth factors and chemokines. Alterations in the patterns of these regulatory proteins in the skin of the individual before and after treatment(s) can be compared and a conclusion can be reached as to the effectiveness of the treatment.
  • part of the skin is treated with an agent, and two dermal patches are applied, one on top of the treated area, and a second next to the treated area, such as 1, 2, 3, or 4 cm or more from the treated area.
  • kits for determining the effect of a topical treatment are provided.
  • one or more active ingredient(s) will be topically applied to an area of interest on the skin surface. After the active ingredient have been applied, and allowed ample time to work, one patch is placed over the treated area, and another patch is placed over an untreated area.
  • the kit comprises at least two patches according to the present invention.
  • the kit also provides an activation liquid for moisturising the membrane and/or for activating the expandable layer, e.g. in the embodiments, where the expandable layer swells upon contact with water, such as e.g. compressed cellulose.
  • the activation liquid is in some embodiments aqueous, such as water, or isotonic water. In other embodiments the activation liquid is aqueous PBS buffer.
  • FIG. 7 shows an example of a kit.
  • the kit contains a disposable cleaning towel for cleaning up the area where the two patches are going to be applied.
  • Step 2 can include a container with an active ingredient (e.g. cream drug, product, etc.) for topical application and a sticker ring to mark the place where the active ingredient would be applied onto the skin. The active ingredient is left to work for some time, e.g. 60 minutes.
  • Step 3 includes two patches: a control patch which is placed on the cleaned untreated area, and a measuring patch which is placed on the skin treated with the active ingredient from step 2 .
  • Step 3 also includes an activation fluid for the expandable membrane and for moisturising the membrane. The patches are left to collect samples from the skin for a some time, e.g. 15 minutes.
  • Step 4 involves sticking the control patch and the measuring patch in the designated areas and sending the patches to analysis.
  • the active ingredients applied topically to the skin could be e.g. retinoic acid and/or progesterone, and the analytes to be detected are at least one analyte selected from one or more of the groups comprising of:
  • the detection device of the invention may detect one or more AMPs and/or one or more chemokines and/or interleukins from each set of biomarkers.
  • the specific set of biomarkers to be measured may depend on which cosmetic compound or composition is to be evaluated. The reason being that the correlation between an ECM and an AMP may vary depending on the compound or composition applied to the skin.
  • example 4 The effect of the expandable layer can be seen in example 4, which compares the quantitative intensity and standard deviation of the bound analytes in a patch according to FIG. 6 with and without the expandable layer.
  • the difference in intensity can also be ascertained qualitatively by comparing the patch of FIG. 6 with and without an expandable layer, the results shown in FIG. 4 , where it is clearly seen that the intensity is better in the membranes with the expandable layer than without the expandable layer.
  • the analysis patch was produced using capture antibodies from a Human IL-1a ELISA Development Kit (Catalogue no. 900-K11 from PeproTech) at a concentration of 50 ⁇ g/ml; and Human HBD 1 ELISA Development Kit (Catalogue no. 900-K202 from PeproTech) at a concentration of 50 ⁇ g/ml.
  • Negative control 1 ⁇ PBS-20% Glycerol was used, and as positive control hBD1 detection antibody 50 ⁇ g/ml was used.
  • the capture antibodies were spotted onto the membrane using a non-contact dispersing system (BioDot AD 3400 with BioJet plus dispersing system). In this example the spot volume dispersed was 30 nl.
  • the membrane is incubated with detection antibodies in the following manner. Wash membranes 3 ⁇ 5 min in 200 ⁇ l wash buffer. Prepare detection antibody solution mix, hBD-1, 1:2000 and IL-1a, 1:1000 in diluent buffer. Incubate membranes with detection antibody solution 45 min at room temperature RT on shaker. Wash membranes 5 ⁇ 5 min with 200 ⁇ l wash buffer each time.
  • the signal is amplified using the Catalyzed Signal Amplification (CSA) System (Dako) in the following manner.
  • CSA Catalyzed Signal Amplification
  • Prepare Streptavidin-Biotin complex 1 drop (one drop is ⁇ 40 ⁇ l) Streptavidin Biotin Complex Reagent A, 1 drop Streptavidin Biotin Complex Reagent B and up to 1 ml Streptavidin Biotin Complex Reagent solution. Dilute prepared Streptavidin Biotin Complex Reagent for 1/9 in 1 ⁇ PBS-0.05% Tween. Pipet in each well 150 ⁇ l solution and incubate for 15 min room temperature (RT). Wash membranes 3 ⁇ 5 min in 200 ⁇ l wash buffer.
  • CSA Catalyzed Signal Amplification
  • Incubate membranes with Amplification reagent solution 1/8 Amplification regent, 7/8 1 ⁇ PBS-0.05% Tween. Pipet in each well 150 ⁇ l solution. Incubate for 15 min room temperature (RT) following washing 3 ⁇ 5 min in 200 ⁇ l in wash buffer. Incubate with diluted Strepdavidin-HRP solution: 1/8 Strepdavidin-HRP; 7/8 1 ⁇ PBS-0.05% Tween. Pipette in each well 150 ⁇ l solution and incubate for 15 min at RT.
  • the membranes are left to dry in air and then the colour intensity, proportional to the concentration of the analytes were determined using image analysis software (Dige Imager, GE Healthcare) according to the protocol in the software to quantify amount of bound analyte.
  • image analysis software Digi Imager, GE Healthcare
  • the membranes were scanned using a document scanner at 1200 dpi (Canon Scan LiDE 600F).
  • the images obtained were analyzed using microarray and dot/slot blot analysis software Image Quant TL V2005 (GE Healtcare).
  • the amount of analytes bound to capture antibodies was calculated using standard calibration curve.
  • membranes with capture antibodies were incubated in solutions containing different concentration of analytes following processing using standard protocol. Based on obtained results calibration curve was constructed and used for determining amount of analytes bound to capture antibody.
  • the table shows the effect of the expandable layer on the detection level and variation of the Patch analysis results.
  • Patches with and without expandable material in the patch without expandable material, the expandable material was exchanged with a non-expandable material having two different capture antibodies, IL-1a, hBD1 (each of the antibodies were represented by 6 spots) were each wetted with PBS (150 ⁇ l) and after being releasably fastened to 4 individuals.
  • the membranes were exposed for 15 minutes following identical processing. Intensity of immunostaining of each spot was analyzed using image analyzer and average intensity, standard deviation and standard deviation % were calculated.
  • This higher sensitivity and lower variation of analysis from the patches with the expandable layer is related to firm and homogenous contact of the membrane with the skin due to constant pressure created by the expandable layer.

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