US11293072B2 - Process for on-line quenching of seamless steel tube using residual heat and manufacturing method - Google Patents
Process for on-line quenching of seamless steel tube using residual heat and manufacturing method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US11293072B2 US11293072B2 US15/762,912 US201615762912A US11293072B2 US 11293072 B2 US11293072 B2 US 11293072B2 US 201615762912 A US201615762912 A US 201615762912A US 11293072 B2 US11293072 B2 US 11293072B2
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- seamless steel
- steel tube
- tube
- line quenching
- temperature
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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 [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003129 oil well Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001131 transforming Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B19/00—Tube-rolling by rollers arranged outside the work and having their axes not perpendicular to the axis of the work
- B21B19/02—Tube-rolling by rollers arranged outside the work and having their axes not perpendicular to the axis of the work the axes of the rollers being arranged essentially diagonally to the axis of the work, e.g. "cross" tube-rolling Diescher mills, Stiefel disc piercers, Stiefel rotary piercers
- B21B19/04—Rolling basic material of solid, i.e. non-hollow, structure; Piercing, e.g. rotary piercing mills
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B37/00—Control devices or methods specially adapted for metal-rolling mills or the work produced thereby
- B21B37/74—Temperature control, e.g. by cooling or heating the rolls or the product
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B37/00—Control devices or methods specially adapted for metal-rolling mills or the work produced thereby
- B21B37/78—Control of tube rolling
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/62—Quenching devices
- C21D1/667—Quenching devices for spray quenching
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D11/00—Process control or regulation for heat treatments
- C21D11/005—Process control or regulation for heat treatments for cooling
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/005—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Mn
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/008—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Si
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/08—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for tubular bodies or pipes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/08—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for tubular bodies or pipes
- C21D9/085—Cooling or quenching
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
- C21D9/48—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals deep-drawing sheets
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/08—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing nickel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/12—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, or niobium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/002—Bainite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/003—Cementite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/005—Ferrite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/008—Martensite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/009—Pearlite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/10—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of tubular bodies
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/10—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of tubular bodies
- C21D8/105—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of tubular bodies of ferrous alloys
Abstract
Description
TABLE 1 |
(wt %, the margin is Fe and other unavoidable impurity elements) |
Steel | |||||||
No. | model | C | Mn | Cr | Mo | B | Ni |
A1 | 16Mn | 0.17 | 1.65 | — | — | — | |
A2 | 20Mn2 | 0.2 | 1.6 | — | — | — | |
A3 | 20Mn2 | 0.2 | 1.6 | — | — | — | |
A4 | 30CrMo | 0.3 | 0.45 | 1.05 | 0.23 | — | |
A5 | 30CrMo | 0.3 | 0.45 | 1.05 | 0.23 | — | |
A6 | 20Mn2B | 0.21 | 1.64 | — | — | 0.0025 | |
A7 | 20CrNi | 0.2 | 0.55 | 0.9 | — | — | 1.05 |
B1 | 20Mn2 | 0.2 | 1.6 | — | — | — | |
B2 | 20Mn2 | 0.2 | 1.6 | — | — | — | |
B3 | 20Mn2 | 0.2 | 1.6 | — | — | — | |
B4 | 20Mn2 | 0.2 | 1.6 | — | — | — | |
B5 | 30CrMo | 0.3 | 0.45 | 1.05 | 0.23 | — | |
TABLE 2 | |||||||||||||
Start | Final | ||||||||||||
Heating | Ar3 | cooling | cooling | The phase ratio | tempering | ||||||||
temper- | heating | temper- | temper- | temper- | Cooling | of the martensite | temper- | tempering | |||||
ature | time | ature | ature | Ms | T | ature | E1 | E2 | rate | after quenching | ature | time | |
No. | (° C.) | (h) | (° C.) | (° C.) | (° C.) | (° C.) | (° C.) | (° C./s) | (° C./s) | (° C./s) | (%) | (° C.) | (min) |
A1 | 1150 | 1.4 | 835 | 930 | 410 | 315 | 220 | 29.85 | 62.28 | 61 | 94 | 500 | 60 |
A2 | 1250 | 2.5 | 740 | 920 | 400 | 305 | 290 | 30 | 60 | 42 | 96 | 450 | 45 |
A3 | 1200 | 2 | 740 | 880 | 400 | 305 | 120 | 30 | 60 | 38 | 98 | 550 | 50 |
A4 | 1280 | 2.8 | 763 | 960 | 345 | 250 | 190 | 30.41 | 64.2 | 34 | 92 | 620 | 70 |
A5 | 1140 | 3.5 | 763 | 830 | 345 | 250 | 200 | 30.41 | 64.2 | 44 | 95 | 640 | 80 |
A6 | 1260 | 2.5 | 736 | 970 | 270 | 175 | 160 | 22.2 | 58.56 | 36 | 93 | 660 | 35 |
A7 | 1220 | 3 | 750 | 920 | 410 | 315 | 265 | 48.75 | 72.6 | 64 | 96 | 580 | 45 |
B1 | 1250 | 2 | 740 | 725 | 400 | 305 | 100 | 30 | 60 | 48 | 42 | 500 | 60 |
B2 | 1250 | 2 | 740 | 860 | 400 | 305 | 250 | 30 | 60 | 24 | 38 | 450 | 60 |
B3 | 1250 | 2 | 740 | 940 | 400 | 305 | 380 | 30 | 60 | 46 | 26 | 550 | 60 |
B4 | 1250 | 2 | 740 | 800 | 400 | 305 | 180 | 30 | 60 | 66 | — | ||
B5 | 1250 | 2 | 763 | 890 | 345 | 250 | 160 | 30.41 | 64.2 | 70 | — | ||
Impact | ||||
HRC | Yield | energy | ||
hardness | Strength | (full size | ||
after | Crack/ | Rp0.2 | sample) | |
No. | quenching | yes or no | (MPa ) | at 0° C. (J) |
A1 | 39 | no | 492 | 185 |
A2 | 42 | no | 785 | 106 |
A3 | 44 | no | 645 | 118 |
A4 | 46 | no | 798 | 162 |
A5 | 49 | no | 762 | 177 |
A6 | 43 | no | 606 | 154 |
A7 | 42 | no | 672 | 148 |
B1 | 35 | no | 421 | 167 |
B2 | 33 | no | 596 | 98 |
B3 | 33 | no | 568 | 112 |
B4 | — | yes | — | — |
B5 | — | yes | — | — |
Claims (7)
E1=20×(0.5−C)+15×(3.2−Mn)−8×Cr−28×Mo−4×Ni−2800×B,
E2=96×(0.45−C)+12×(4.6−Mn), and
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CN201510615737.9A CN105154765A (en) | 2015-09-24 | 2015-09-24 | Seamless steel tube with high strength and toughness and manufacturing method thereof |
CN201510615737.9 | 2015-09-24 | ||
CN201610265674.3 | 2016-04-26 | ||
CN201610265674.3A CN105907937A (en) | 2016-04-26 | 2016-04-26 | Manufacturing method for bainite high-strength seamless steel tube and bainite high-strength seamless steel tube |
CN201610776283.8A CN106555045A (en) | 2015-09-24 | 2016-08-30 | A kind of seamless steel pipe press quenching cooling technique and manufacture method of utilization waste heat |
CN201610776283.8 | 2016-08-30 | ||
PCT/CN2016/099563 WO2017050229A1 (en) | 2015-09-24 | 2016-09-21 | Process for on-line quenching of seamless steel tube using waste heat and manufacturing method |
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US15/762,660 Active US11015232B2 (en) | 2015-09-24 | 2016-09-21 | Seamless steel tube with high strength and toughness and manufacturing method therefor |
US15/762,912 Active 2037-01-18 US11293072B2 (en) | 2015-09-24 | 2016-09-21 | Process for on-line quenching of seamless steel tube using residual heat and manufacturing method |
US15/762,810 Active 2037-07-09 US11203794B2 (en) | 2015-09-24 | 2016-09-21 | Method for manufacturing bainite high-strength seamless steel tube, and bainite high-strength seamless steel tube |
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US11203794B2 (en) | 2021-12-21 |
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JP2018532883A (en) | 2018-11-08 |
US20180282833A1 (en) | 2018-10-04 |
CN106555045A (en) | 2017-04-05 |
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CN106555107A (en) | 2017-04-05 |
EP3354756A4 (en) | 2019-05-01 |
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US11015232B2 (en) | 2021-05-25 |
US20180265941A1 (en) | 2018-09-20 |
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