US11254689B2 - Compounds - Google Patents

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US11254689B2
US11254689B2 US16/639,192 US201816639192A US11254689B2 US 11254689 B2 US11254689 B2 US 11254689B2 US 201816639192 A US201816639192 A US 201816639192A US 11254689 B2 US11254689 B2 US 11254689B2
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compound
pharmaceutically acceptable
acceptable salt
mycobacterium
fluoro
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US20210032268A1 (en
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Esther PORRAS DE FRANCISCO
Modesto Jesús Remuiñan-Blanco
Marilyne BOUROTTE
Benoit Deprez
Nicolas Willand
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Bioversys AG
GlaxoSmithKline Intellectual Property Development Ltd
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Bioversys AG
GlaxoSmithKline Intellectual Property Development Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D498/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D498/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
    • C07D498/10—Spiro-condensed systems
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • A61K31/438—The ring being spiro-condensed with carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring systems
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/04—Antibacterial agents
    • A61P31/06—Antibacterial agents for tuberculosis
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K2300/00—Mixtures or combinations of active ingredients, wherein at least one active ingredient is fully defined in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K45/00—Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
    • A61K45/06—Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca

Definitions

  • the invention relates to novel compounds, compositions containing them, and their use in therapy, for example in the treatment of mycobacterial infections or in the treatment of diseases caused by mycobacterium , such as tuberculosis (also known as TB).
  • Ethionamide a structural analogue of isoniazid, is frequently prescribed for the treatment of multidrug-resistant TB (MDR TB), which is as efficient as isoniazid.
  • MDR TB multidrug-resistant TB
  • a disadvantage associated with the use of ethionamide is that in order to obtain an acceptable concentration of the drug in the blood, up to 1 g/day is required, which is associated with severe side effects including neurotoxicity and fatal hepatotoxicity. Therefore, there exists a need to reduce the clinical dose and exposure to ethionamide.
  • one aim of the present invention is to provide novel compounds that are likely to be able to potentiate the activity of drugs used in the treatment of TB, in particular drugs that are activatable via the EthA pathway, such as ethionamide.
  • a further aim of the present invention is to provide novel compounds for the treatment of TB.
  • PCT publication number WO 2014/096369 describes spiroisoxazoline compounds bearing an aryl, cycloalkyl or heteroaryl substituent group. Such compounds are said to be useful in the treatment of TB.
  • R 1 is halogen; cyano; C 1-6 straight alkyl; C 3-4 branched alkyl; C 1-6 straight alkoxy; C 3-4 branched alkoxy; methyl substituted by one or more fluoro; ethyl substituted by one or more fluoro; methoxy substituted by one or more fluoro; or ethoxy substituted by one or more fluoro; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • a compound of Formula (I), or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for use in therapy, in particular for use in the treatment of tuberculosis.
  • a method for the treatment of a mycobacterial infection in a mammal in need thereof comprising administering to said mammal a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • a method for the treatment of a disease caused by infection with a mycobacterium in a mammal in need thereof comprising administering to said mammal a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in the manufacture of a medicament for use in the treatment of a mycobacterial infection or a disease resulting caused by infection with a mycobacterium.
  • a compound of Formula (I), or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for use in the treatment of a mycobacterial infection or for use in the treatment of a disease caused by infection with a mycobacterium.
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising (a) a compound of Formula (I) or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; and (b) a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
  • one aspect the invention relates to a compound of Formula (I) or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof:
  • R 1 is halogen; cyano; C 1-6 straight alkyl; C 3-4 branched alkyl; C 1-6 straight alkoxy; C 3-4 branched alkoxy; methyl substituted by one or more fluoro; ethyl substituted by one or more fluoro; methoxy substituted by one or more fluoro; or ethoxy substituted by one or more fluoro.
  • the invention relates to a compound of Formula (I).
  • R 1 is fluoro, chloro or bromo; cyano; C 1-6 straight alkyl; C 3-4 branched alkyl; C 1-6 straight alkoxy; C 3-4 branched alkoxy; methyl substituted by one or more fluoro; ethyl substituted by one or more fluoro; methoxy substituted by one or more fluoro; or ethoxy substituted by one or more fluoro.
  • R 1 is fluoro, chloro or bromo; cyano; C 1-6 straight alkyl; C 3-4 branched alkyl; C 1-6 straight alkoxy; C 3-4 branched alkoxy; mono-, di- or trifluoromethyl; mono-, di- or trifluoromethoxy; 2-fluoroethyl; 2,2-difluoroethyl; 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl; 2-fluoroethoxy, 2,2-difluoroethoxy; or 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy.
  • R 1 is chloro or bromo; cyano; C 1-6 straight alkyl; C 3-4 branched alkyl; C 1-6 straight alkoxy; C 3-4 branched alkoxy; mono-, di- or trifluoromethyl; mono-, di- or trifluoromethoxy; 2-fluoroethyl; 2,2-difluoroethyl; 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl; 2-fluoroethoxy, 2,2-difluoroethoxy; or 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy.
  • R 1 is fluoro, chloro, bromo, cyano, C 1-6 straight alkyl, C 3-4 branched alkyl, C 1-6 straight alkoxy, C 3-4 branched alkoxy, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl or 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy.
  • R 1 is chloro, bromo, cyano, C 1-6 straight alkyl, C 3-4 branched alkyl, C 1-6 straight alkoxy, C 3-4 branched alkoxy, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl or 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy.
  • R 1 is fluoro, chloro, bromo, cyano, C 1-6 straight alkyl, C 3-4 branched alkyl, C 1-6 straight alkoxy, C 3-4 branched alkoxy, trifluoromethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl or 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy.
  • R 1 is chloro, bromo, cyano, C 1-6 straight alkyl, C 3-4 branched alkyl, C 1-6 straight alkoxy, C 3-4 branched alkoxy, trifluoromethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl or 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy.
  • R 1 is fluoro, bromo, cyano, C 1-4 straight alkyl, C 1-6 straight alkoxy, C 4 branched alkoxy, trifluoromethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl or 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy.
  • R 1 is bromo, cyano, C 1-4 straight alkyl, C 1-6 straight alkoxy, C 4 branched alkoxy, trifluoromethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl or 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy.
  • R 1 is fluoro, bromo, cyano, methyl, ethyl, trifluoromethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy, methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, iso-butoxy or hexyloxy.
  • R 1 is bromo, cyano, methyl, ethyl, trifluoromethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy, methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, iso-butoxy or hexyloxy.
  • R 1 is trifluoromethyl.
  • halogen refers to fluoro, chloro, bromo or iodo. However, more particularly, it is intended to refer to flouro, chloro or bromo.
  • cyano refers to —CN
  • C 1-6 straight alkyl refers to a straight chain alkyl group having one to six carbon atoms. Therefore, the term “C 1-6 straight alkyl” includes methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, n-pentyl and n-hexyl.
  • C 3-4 branched alkyl refers to a branched alkyl group having three or four carbon atoms. Therefore, the term “C 3-4 branched alkyl” includes iso-propyl, sec-butyl and iso-butyl.
  • C 1-6 straight alkoxy refers to a straight chain alkoxy group having one to three carbon atoms. Therefore, the term “C 1-6 straight alkoxy” includes methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, n-butoxy, n-pentyloxy and n-hexyloxy.
  • C 3-4 branched alkoxy refers to a branched chain alkoxy group having three or four carbon atoms. Therefore, the term “C 3-4 branched alkoxy” includes iso-propoxy, sec-butoxy and iso-butoxy.
  • methyl substituted by one or more fluoro refers to a methyl group which is substituted by one, two or three fluorine atoms. Therefore, the term “methyl substituted by one or more fluoro” includes mono-fluoromethyl (—CH 2 F), di-fluoromethyl (—CHF 2 ) and trifluoromethyl (—CF 3 ).
  • the term “ethyl substituted by one or more fluoro” refers to an ethyl group which is substituted by one, two, three, four or five fluorine atoms. Therefore, the term “ethyl substituted by one or more fluoro” includes 2-fluoroethyl (—CH 2 CH 2 F), 2,2-difluoroethyl (—CH 2 CHF 2 ) and 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl (—CH 2 CF 3 ).
  • the term “methoxy substituted by one or more fluoro” refers to a methoxy group wherein the carbon of the methyl group is substituted by one, two or three fluorine atoms. Therefore, the term “methyl substituted by one or more fluoro” includes mono-fluoromethoxy (—OCH 2 F), di-fluoromethoxy (—OCHF 2 ) and trifluoromethoxy (—OCF 3 ).
  • ethoxy substituted by one or more fluoro refers to an ethoxy group wherein a carbon of the ethyl group is substituted by one, two, three, four or five fluorine atoms.
  • ethyl substituted by one or more fluoro includes 2-fluoroethoxy (—OCH 2 CH 2 F), 2,2-difluoroethoxy (—OCH 2 CHF 2 ) and 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy (—OCH 2 CF 3 ).
  • compound of the invention as used herein means a compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • a compound of the invention means any one of the compounds of the invention as defined above.
  • phrases such as “a compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof” or “compounds of the invention” are intended to encompass the compound of Formula (I), a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate of the compound of Formula (I), or any pharmaceutically acceptable combination of these.
  • a compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof encompasses a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a compound of Formula (I) which is present as a solvate, and this phrase also encompasses a mixture of a compound of Formula (I) and a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a compound of Formula (I).
  • references herein to a compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof includes a compound of Formula (I) as a free base or as a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • the invention is directed to a compound of Formula (I).
  • the invention may be directed to a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a compound of Formula (I).
  • pharmaceutically acceptable refers to those compounds (including salts), materials, compositions, and dosage forms which are, within the scope of sound medical judgment, suitable for use in contact with the tissues of human beings and animals without excessive toxicity, irritation, or other problem or complication, commensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio.
  • Pharmaceutically acceptable salts include, amongst others, those described in Berge, J. Pharm. Sci., 1977, 66, 1-19, or those listed in P H Stahl and C G Wermuth, editors, Handbook of Pharmaceutical Salts; Properties, Selection and Use, Second Edition Stahl/Wermuth: Wiley-VCH/VHCA, 2011 (see http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-3906390519.html).
  • Suitable pharmaceutically acceptable salts can include acid addition salts. Such salts can be formed by reaction with the appropriate acid, optionally in a suitable solvent such as an organic solvent, to give the salt which can be isolated by crystallisation and filtration.
  • Representative pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts include, but are not limited to, 4-acetamidobenzoate, acetate, adipate, alginate, ascorbate, aspartate, benzenesulfonate (besylate), benzoate, bisulfate, bitartrate, butyrate, calcium edetate, camphorate, camphorsulfonate (camsylate), caprate (decanoate), caproate (hexanoate), caprylate (octanoate), cinnamate, citrate, cyclamate, digluconate, 2,5-dihydroxybenzoate, disuccinate, dodecylsulfate (estolate), edetate (ethylenediaminetetraacetate), estolate (lauryl sulfate), ethane-1,2-disulfonate (edisylate), ethanesulfonate (esylate), formate, fumarate, galactarate (
  • the term “therapeutically effective amount” means any amount which, as compared to a corresponding subject who has not received such amount, results in improved treatment, healing, prevention, or amelioration of a disease, disorder, or side effect, or a decrease in the rate of advancement of a disease or disorder.
  • An appropriate “therapeutically effective amount” will depend upon a number of factors including, for example, the age and weight of the subject, the precise condition requiring treatment and its severity, the nature of the formulation, and the route of administration, and will ultimately be at the discretion of the attendant physician.
  • the compounds of the invention may be made by a variety of methods, including standard chemistry. Any previously defined variable will continue to have the previously defined meaning unless otherwise indicated. Illustrative general synthetic methods are set out in the following schemes, and can be readily adapted to prepare other compounds of the invention.
  • Compounds of Formula (Ia), which are alkoxyspiro compounds of Formula (I), may be prepared according to Scheme 1 (below) by deprotection of Boc protecting group of alkoxyspiro compound of Formula (II) with, for example TFA, and further coupling of the TFA salt amino group with 4,4,4-trifluorobutanoic acid.
  • Intermediate compound Formula (II) can be prepared by reaction of corresponding commercially available alcohols (ROH) with halogenated spiro N-Boc protected compound of Formula (IV), the synthesis of which is described below.
  • compounds of Formula (Ia) which are alkoxyspiro compounds may be prepared according to Scheme 2 (below) by reaction of the corresponding commercially available alcohols (ROH) with halogenated spiro trifluorobutanamide compound of formula (IIIa) in the presence of a suitable base, such as potassium carbonate.
  • a suitable base such as potassium carbonate.
  • Compounds of Formula (Ib), which are alkylspiro compounds, may be prepared according to Scheme 3 (below) by coupling of a compound of Formula (IV) with 4,4,4-trifluorobutanoic acid.
  • Compounds of Formula (IV) may be prepared by cyclisation of commercially available tert-butyl 4-methylenepiperidine-1-carboxylate with oxime compounds of Formula (V) and further cleavage of N-Boc protecting group with an acid, such as hydrogen chloride.
  • Cyano compound of Formula (Ic) may be prepared by nucleophilic substitution of compound (IIIa) with, for example, sodium cyanide in a suitable solvent such as DMF, in accordance with Scheme 4 (below).
  • Fluorine compound of Formula (Id) may be prepared by halogen substitution of compound (IIIa) with, for example, potassium fluoride in a suitable solvent such as DMSO, in accordance with Scheme 5 (below).
  • Oxime intermediates of Formula (V) may be prepared by halogenation reaction of intermediate compounds of Formula (VI) with N-halogensuccinimide, such as NBS or NCS as shown in Scheme 6 (below).
  • Oxime intermediates of Formula (VI), wherein R is methyl or ethyl may be prepared by reaction of the corresponding aldehyde of Formula (VII) with, for example, hydroxylamine.
  • the trifluoromethyloxime intermediate, wherein R is trifluoromethyl can be prepared by reaction of 2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methoxyethanol with hydroxyl amine.
  • Halogenated spiro N-Boc protected intermediate of Formula (III) may be prepared by reaction of commercially available tert-butyl 4-methylenepiperidine-1-carboxylate and hydroxycarbonimidic dibromide in the presence of, for example, sodium bicarbonate (Scheme 7).
  • intermediate (IIIa) may be prepared by reaction of alkene (VIII) with hydroxycarbonimidic dibromide under the same conditions as described above.
  • Intermediate (VIII) can be prepared by coupling reaction of amino hydrochloride intermediate (IX) with 4,4,4-trifluorobutanoic acid under standard conditions.
  • amino intermediate (IX) may be prepared from commercially available tert-butyl 4-methylenepiperidine-1-carboxylate by treatment with hydrogen chloride. In this regard see Scheme 8 below.
  • the invention relates to a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for use in therapy.
  • the invention relates to a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for use in the treatment of a mycobacterial infection.
  • a mycobacterial infection is one caused by infection with a mycobacterium.
  • the mycobacterium may be a member of one of the following groups of mycobacterium: Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC), Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), Mycobacterium gordonae clade, Mycobacterium kansasii clade, Mycobacterium chelonae clade, Mycobacterium fortuitum clade, Mycobacterium parafortuitum clade or Mycobacterium vaccae clade.
  • MTC Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex
  • MAC Mycobacterium avium complex
  • Mycobacterium gordonae clade Mycobacterium kansasii clade
  • Mycobacterium chelonae clade Mycobacterium fortuitum clade
  • Mycobacterium parafortuitum clade Mycobacterium vaccae clade.
  • the mycobacterium may also be Mycobacterium ulcerans or Mycobacter
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex include Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium africanum, Mycobacterium bovis, Mycobacterium bovis BCG, Mycobacterium canetti, Mycobacterium caprae, Mycobacterium microti and Mycobacterium pinnipedii . These mycobacteria are causative agents of human and animal tuberculosis. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the major cause of human tuberculosis.
  • the mycobacterium is a member of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC).
  • MTC Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex
  • the infection is a Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.
  • the mycobacterial infection is caused by infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
  • the Mycobacterium tuberculosis is multidrug-resistant. In another embodiment the Mycobacterium tuberculosis is resistant to ethionamide.
  • Mycobacterium avium complex include Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis, Mycobacterium avium silaticum, Mycobacterium avium hominissuis, Mycobacterium columbiense and Mycobacterium indicus pranii.
  • Mycobacterium gordonae clade Members of Mycobacterium gordonae clade include Mycobacterium asiaticum and Mycobacterium gordonae.
  • Mycobacterium kansasii clade include Mycobacterium gastri and Mycobacterium kansasii.
  • Mycobacterium chelonae clade Members of Mycobacterium chelonae clade include Mycobacterium abscessus, Mycobacterium bolletii and Mycobacterium chelonae.
  • Mycobacterium fortuitum clade include Mycobacterium boenickei, Mycobacterium brisbanense, Mycobacterium cosmeticum, Mycobacterium fortuitum, Mycobacterium fortuitum subspecies acetamidolyticum, Mycobacterium houstonense, Mycobacterium mageritense, Mycobacterium neworleansense, Mycobacterium peregrinum, Mycobacterium porcinum, Mycobacterium senegalense and Mycobacterium septicum.
  • Mycobacterium parafortuitum clade include Mycobacterium austroafricanum, Mycobacterium diernhoferi, Mycobacterium frederiksbergense, Mycobacterium hodleri, Mycobacterium neoaurum and Mycobacterium parafortuitum.
  • the mycobacterial infection may be caused by infection with a mycobacterium selected from the following: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium africanum, Mycobacterium bovis, Mycobacterium bovis BCG, Mycobacterium canetti, Mycobacterium caprae, Mycobacterium microti, Mycobacterium pinnipedii, Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis, Mycobacterium avium silaticum, Mycobacterium avium hominissuis, Mycobacterium columbiense, Mycobacterium indicus pranii, Mycobacterium asiaticum, Mycobacterium gordonae, Mycobacterium gastri, Mycobacterium kansasii, Mycobacterium abscessus, Mycobacterium bolletii, Mycobacterium chelonae , include Mycobacterium boenickei, Mycobacterium brisbanense, Mycobacterium cosmeticum
  • the invention relates to a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for use in the treatment of a disease caused by infection with a mycobacterium , where the mycobacterium is selected from those hereinbefore described.
  • tuberculosis e.g. from Mycobacterium tuberculosis
  • leprosy e.g. from Mycobacterium leprae
  • Johne's disease e.g. from Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis
  • Buruli or Bairnsdale ulcer e.g. from Mycobacterium ulceran
  • Crohn's disease e.g.
  • Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis pulmonary disease or pulmonary infection, pneumonia, bursa, synovial, tendon sheaths, localized abscess, lymphadenitis, skin and soft tissue infections, Lady Windermere syndrome (e.g. from Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC)), MAC lung disease, disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex (DMAC), disseminated Mycobacterium avium intraceullulare complex (DMAIC), hot-tub lung (e.g. from Mycobacterium avium complex), MAC mastitis, MAC pyomyositis, or granuloma disease.
  • MAC Mycobacterium avium complex
  • DMAC disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex
  • DMAIC disseminated Mycobacterium avium intraceullulare complex
  • hot-tub lung e.g. from Mycobacterium avium complex
  • the disease is tuberculosis.
  • one aspect of the invention relates to a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for use in the treatment of tuberculosis.
  • the invention relates to a method of treatment of a mycobacterial infection in a mammal in need thereof, said treatment comprising administering to said mammal a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula (I), or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • a mycobacterial infection is one caused by infection with a mycobacterium .
  • the mycobacterium is as hereinbefore described.
  • the mycobacterial infection is a Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.
  • the invention in another embodiment, relates to a method of treatment of a disease caused by infection with a mycobacterium in a mammal in need thereof, said treatment comprising administering to said mammal a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • the disease is tuberculosis. Therefore, also described herein is a method of treatment of tuberculosis in a mammal in need thereof, said treatment comprising administering to said mammal a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • the mammal is a human.
  • references herein to treatment refer to the treatment of established conditions.
  • compounds of the invention may, depending on the condition, also be useful in the prevention of certain diseases.
  • the treatment or prevention of a disease such as TB.
  • the treatment of a disease such as TB.
  • the prevention of a disease such as TB.
  • the invention relates to use of a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in the manufacture of a medicament for use in the treatment of a mycobacterial infection or in the treatment of a disease caused by infection with a mycobacterium.
  • Also described herein is the use of a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in the manufacture of a medicament for use in the treatment of tuberculosis.
  • compositions for use in the treatment of TB comprising (a) a compound of Formula (I); (b) a thioamide, for example ethionamide or prothionamide; and optionally (c) a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
  • the invention in another embodiment, relates to a method of treatment of a mycobacterial infection in a mammal in need thereof, said treatment comprising administering to said mammal a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula (I), or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in combination with a thioamide, wherein said thioamide may be ethionamide.
  • the thioamide is prothionamide.
  • a mycobacterial infection is one caused by infection with a mycobacterium .
  • the mycobacterium is as hereinbefore described.
  • the mycobacterial infection is a Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.
  • the invention in another embodiment, relates to a method of treatment of a disease caused by infection with a mycobacterium in a mammal in need thereof, said treatment comprising administering to said mammal a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in combination with a thioamide, wherein said thioamide may be ethionamide.
  • the thioamide is prothionamide.
  • the disease is tuberculosis. Therefore, also described herein is a method of treatment of tuberculosis in a mammal in need thereof, said treatment comprising administering to said mammal a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in combination with a thioamide, wherein said thioamide may be ethionamide. In an alternative embodiment, the thioamide is prothionamide.
  • the invention relates to use of a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in combination with a thioamide (for example, ethionamide), in the manufacture of a medicament for use in the treatment of a mycobacterial infection or in the treatment of a disease caused by infection with a mycobacterium .
  • a thioamide for example, ethionamide
  • the thioamide is prothionamide.
  • a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in combination with a thioamide (for example, ethioamide) in the manufacture of a medicament for use in the treatment of tuberculosis.
  • a thioamide for example, ethioamide
  • the thioamide is prothionamide.
  • the compound of Formula (I) for use in the above described methods and treatments is 4,4,4-trifluoro-1-(3-(trifluoromethyl)-1-oxa-2,8-diazaspiro[4.5]dec-2-en-8-yl)butan-1-one having the following structure:
  • compositions comprising a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
  • compositions may be administered by any appropriate route, for example by the oral (including buccal or sublingual), rectal, inhaled, intranasal, topical (including buccal, sublingual or transdermal) or parenteral (including subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous or intradermal) route.
  • oral including buccal or sublingual
  • rectal inhaled
  • intranasal topical
  • parenteral including subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous or intradermal
  • pharmaceutical compositions of the invention may be administered by oral or intravenous route.
  • Suitable pharmaceutically acceptable excipients include the following types of excipients: carriers, diluents, fillers, binders, disintegrants, lubricants, glidants, granulating agents, coating agents, wetting agents, solvents, co-solvents, suspending agents, emulsifiers, sweetners, flavouring agents, flavour-masking agents, colouring agents, anti-caking agents, humectants, chelating agents, plasticisers, viscosity increasing agents, antioxidants, preservatives, stabilisers, surfactants and buffering agents.
  • compositions may be presented in unit dose forms containing a predetermined amount of active ingredient per unit dose.
  • Preferred unit dosage compositions are those containing a daily dose or sub-dose, or an appropriate fraction thereof, of an active ingredient. Such unit doses may therefore be administered more than once a day.
  • Preferred unit dosage compositions are those containing a daily dose or sub-dose (for administration more than once a day), as herein above recited, or an appropriate fraction thereof, of an active ingredient.
  • the compounds of the invention or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof are used in the treatment of tuberculosis, they may be employed alone or in combination with a further therapeutic agent, such as a further anti-mycobacterial agent, for example an anti-tuberculosis agent and/or antiviral agent, including antiretroviral agents.
  • a further therapeutic agent such as a further anti-mycobacterial agent, for example an anti-tuberculosis agent and/or antiviral agent, including antiretroviral agents.
  • the present invention relates to compounds of Formula (I) or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, in combination with a further anti-tuberculosis agent.
  • the combination comprises two, three, four, five, six or seven additional anti-tuberculosis agents.
  • combinations of four or more drugs are administered to patients.
  • combinations of three or four drugs are administered to patients.
  • the further anti-tuberculosis agent is an agent in development, approved or recommended for the treatment of tuberculosis and may be selected from isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, ethambutol, moxifloxacin, rifapentine, clofazimine, ethionamide, prothionamide, isoxyl, thiacetazone, rifabutin, a diarylquinoline such as bedaquiline (TMC207) or TBAJ-587, nitroimidazo-oxazine PA-824, delamanid (OPC-67683), an oxazolidinone such as linezolid, tedizolid, radezolid, Rinzolid (PNU-100480), posizolid (AZD-5847) orTBI-223, EMB analogue SQ109, OPC-167832, GSK3036656 (also known as GSK070), GSK2556286, GSK3211830
  • the anti-tuberculosis agent may be selected from isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, ethambutol, moxifloxacin, rifapentine, clofazimine, ethionamide, prothionamide, isoxyl, thiazetazone, bedaquiline (TMC207), nitroimidazo-oxazine PA-824, delamanid (OPC-67683), an oxazolidinone such as linezolid, tedizolid, radezolid, Mozolid (PNU-100480), or posizolid (AZD-5847), EMB analogue SQ109, OPC-167832, GSK3036656A (also known as GSK070), GSK2556286, GSK3211830 and a benzothiazinone or a dinitrobenzamide.
  • a combination according to the present invention may further comprise an antiviral agent, including an antitretroviral agents.
  • antiretroviral agents may be selected from zidovudine, didanosine, lamivudine, zalcitabine, abacavir, stavudine, adefovir, adefovir dipivoxil, fozivudine, todoxil, emtricitabine, alovudine, amdoxovir, elvucitabine, nevirapine, delavirdine, efavirenz, loviride, immunocal, oltipraz, capravirine, lersivirine, GSK2248761, TMC-278, TMC-125, etravirine, saquinavir, ritonavir, indinavir, nelfinavir, amprenavir, fosamprenavir, brecanavir, darunavir, atazanavir, tipranavir, palinavir, lasinavir, enfuvirtide, T-20, T-1249
  • a compound of the invention i.e. a compound of Formula (I) or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof
  • an anti-tuberculosis agent that is activatable via the EthA pathway.
  • a person skilled in the art is able to determine if a particular compound is activatable via the EthA pathway, for example, by applying the method described in the following publication: “Activation of the prodrug ethionamide is regulated by mycobacteria” A. R. Baulard et al., Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2000, pages 28326-28331.
  • the anti-tuberculosis agent may be chosen from the thioamide family, such as ethionamide, prothionamide, isoxyl and thiazetazone.
  • a compound of the invention i.e. a compound of Formula (I) or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof
  • the compounds of the invention i.e. a compound of Formula (I) or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising (a) a compound of the invention (i.e. a compound of Formula (I) or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof), as herein described, together with (b) one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers as herein described, and (c) at least one other anti-tuberculosis drug and (d) optionally an antiviral agent including antiretroviral agents.
  • a compound of the invention i.e. a compound of Formula (I) or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof
  • a compound of the invention i.e. a compound of Formula (I) or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof
  • further therapeutic agent may be administered together or separately and, when administered separately, this may occur separately or sequentially in any order (by the same or by different routes of administration).
  • the amount of a compound of the invention (i.e. a compound of Formula (I) or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof) and the further therapeutically active agent(s) and the relative timings of administration will be selected in order to achieve the desired combined therapeutic effect.
  • Intermediates 3-5 were prepared by methods analogous to that described for Intermediate 2 but replacing the alcohol (2,2,2-trifluoroethanol) with that indicated in Table 1. Products were purified by silica chromatography column using a gradient of CyHex/EtOAc as eluents (0-10% EtOAc for 30 min and 10% EtOAc for 10 min).
  • Examples 2-4 were prepared by methods analogous to that described for Example 1, replacing Intermediate 2 with those indicated in Table 4. Modifications in the purification step are also indicated.
  • Examples 9 and 10 were prepared by methods analogous to that described for Example 8, replacing intermediate 16 with those indicated in Table 5.
  • H37Rv-GFP A recombinant strain of M. tuberculosis H37Rv expressing the green fluorescent protein (H37Rv-GFP) was obtained by transformation of the integrative plasmid pNIP48 (Abadie et al., 2005; Cremer et al., 2002).
  • the GFP gene was cloned under the strong mycobacterial promoter pBlaF and the GFP was constitutively expressed.
  • This plasmid also contained an hygromycin resistance gene.
  • the M. tuberculosis strain E1 was a derivative of the Beijing strain W4 that was selected on ethionamide-containing agar plates (20 ⁇ g/ml). This strain carries a Gly343Ala mutation in EthA.
  • the W4-E1 strain was transformed using pNIP48 as described above to give the fluorescent strain W4-E1-GFP.
  • Bacterial stocks kept at ⁇ 80° C. were used to inoculate 5 ml of Middlebrook 7H9 medium supplemented with oleic acid-albumin-dextrose-catalase (OADC, Difco, Sparks Md., USA) and with 50 ⁇ g ml ⁇ 1 hygromycin (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, Calif. USA) in 25 cm 2 tissue-culture flasks. Flasks were incubated at 37° C. without shaking for 7 days. Cultures were then diluted with fresh culture medium to reach an OD 600 of 0.1. Culture flasks (75 cm 2 ) were filled with 50 ml of this diluted culture, which were cultivated 7 days at 37° C. without shaking.
  • OADC oleic acid-albumin-dextrose-catalase
  • Ethionamide (Sigma, E6005) was diluted in DMSO at 0.1 mg/mL and 0.8 mg/ml; aliquots were stored frozen at ⁇ 20° C. Test-compounds were resuspended in DMSO at a final concentration of 10 ⁇ M. Ethionamide and test-compounds were transferred to a 384-well low-volume polypropylene plate (Corning, no. 3672) and used to prepare assay plates. Ten 3-fold serial dilutions of compounds (typically in the ranges of 30 to 4.5e ⁇ 3 ⁇ M) were performed into black Greiner 384-well clear bottom polystyrene plates (Greiner, no. 781091) using an Echo 550 liquid Handler (Labcyte). DMSO volume was compensated so that the concentration across all wells was equal (0.3%).
  • Ethionamide was then transferred to the 384-well plates, using Echo.
  • the final concentration of ETH was 0.1 ⁇ g/ml for assays involving H37Rv-GFP, and was 0.8 ⁇ g/ml for assays involving W4-E1-GFP.
  • the final amount of DMSO in the assay plate remained ⁇ 1% v/v for each well.
  • Controls in the assay plate include DMSO at 0.3% (negative control) and INH at 1 ⁇ g/ml (positive control).
  • a reference plate included rifampicin, INH and ETH ranging from 30 to 1.8e ⁇ 3 ⁇ g/ml (15 points, 2 ⁇ dilutions).
  • EC50_H37Rv measures the ability of the compounds of the invention to potentiate ethionamide activity against H37Rv strains
  • EC50_Mutant measures the ability of the compounds of the invention to potentiate ethionamide activity against strains of TB that are resistant to ethionamide.
  • Examples 1 to 12 were tested essentially according to the procedure described above and all were found to have an average EC50_H37Rv of ⁇ 0.75 ⁇ M and an average EC50_Mutant of ⁇ 3.0 ⁇ M.
  • Examples 1, 2, 5 to 8, 10 and 11 had an average EC50_H37Rv of ⁇ 0.20 ⁇ M and an average EC50_Mutant of ⁇ 1.0 ⁇ M.
  • Examples 6 to 8 had an average EC50_H37Rv of ⁇ 0.04 ⁇ M and an average EC50_Mutant of ⁇ 0.45 ⁇ M.
  • Example 8 had an average EC50_H37Rv of 0.038 ⁇ M and an average EC50_Mutant of 0.14 ⁇ M.
  • Example 10 of WO 2014/096369 was tested in the same assay as described above and found to have an EC50_H37Rv of 0.89 ⁇ M and EC50_Mutant of 3.5 ⁇ M.
  • Intracellular screening is a valuable tool for identifying new anti-tuberculosis compounds that are active in human macrophages.
  • This ex-vivo assay may represent physiological conditions that mimic disease and take into consideration the favorable contribution of host cells. (Sorrentino, F. et al. (2016) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 60 (1), 640-645.)
  • Examples 1, 2 and 4 to 10 were found to have an IC50 of less than 0.5 ⁇ M.
  • Examples 5, 6, 7, 8 and 10 were found to have an IC50 of less than 0.1 ⁇ M.
  • Examples 6, 7 and 8 were found to have an IC50 of less than or equal to 0.05 ⁇ M.

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