US10604987B2 - Method for machining a workpiece - Google Patents

Method for machining a workpiece Download PDF

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Publication number
US10604987B2
US10604987B2 US15/553,621 US201615553621A US10604987B2 US 10604987 B2 US10604987 B2 US 10604987B2 US 201615553621 A US201615553621 A US 201615553621A US 10604987 B2 US10604987 B2 US 10604987B2
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Prior art keywords
machining
adhesive
workpiece
application
machined
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US15/553,621
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US20180051504A1 (en
Inventor
Volker Schmieder
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Homag GmbH
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Homag GmbH
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/04—Wing frames not characterised by the manner of movement
    • E06B3/06—Single frames
    • E06B3/08—Constructions depending on the use of specified materials
    • E06B3/10—Constructions depending on the use of specified materials of wood
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27M—WORKING OF WOOD NOT PROVIDED FOR IN SUBCLASSES B27B - B27L; MANUFACTURE OF SPECIFIC WOODEN ARTICLES
    • B27M3/00—Manufacture or reconditioning of specific semi-finished or finished articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27M—WORKING OF WOOD NOT PROVIDED FOR IN SUBCLASSES B27B - B27L; MANUFACTURE OF SPECIFIC WOODEN ARTICLES
    • B27M3/00—Manufacture or reconditioning of specific semi-finished or finished articles
    • B27M3/18—Manufacture or reconditioning of specific semi-finished or finished articles of furniture or of doors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/04—Wing frames not characterised by the manner of movement
    • E06B3/06—Single frames
    • E06B3/08—Constructions depending on the use of specified materials
    • E06B3/20—Constructions depending on the use of specified materials of plastics
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/54—Fixing of glass panes or like plates
    • E06B3/56—Fixing of glass panes or like plates by means of putty, cement, or adhesives only
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27C—PLANING, DRILLING, MILLING, TURNING OR UNIVERSAL MACHINES FOR WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL
    • B27C5/00—Machines designed for producing special profiles or shaped work, e.g. by rotary cutters; Equipment therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27C—PLANING, DRILLING, MILLING, TURNING OR UNIVERSAL MACHINES FOR WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL
    • B27C9/00—Multi-purpose machines; Universal machines; Equipment therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/001—Profiled members, e.g. beams, sections
    • B29L2031/003—Profiled members, e.g. beams, sections having a profiled transverse cross-section
    • B29L2031/005—Profiled members, e.g. beams, sections having a profiled transverse cross-section for making window frames

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for machining a workpiece, in particular a limb of a window leaf frame, from wood, wood materials, plastic or the like.
  • the element of a window that is movable and usually to be opened, the window leaf usually comprises a window leaf frame and a pane inserted therein.
  • the window leaf frame usually comprises a plurality of leaf profiles, which are joined to one another and enclose and hold the inserted pane.
  • the leaf profiles are provided with narrower and narrower widths.
  • the panes to be carried by the window leaf frames are chosen to be larger and larger in area, in order as a result to increase the light transmittance with the same window size. The result is improved brightness in the interior, which is a current trend and increases the comfort in rooms.
  • window manufacturers recently bond the window leaf frame to the pane, so that the pane performs a proportion of the static function.
  • this is carried out in a manner concealed in the area of the glass rebate overlap or the glass rebate.
  • Use is currently made of wet adhesives that are to be applied, which are applied directly to the leaf profile where the pane is subsequently to be bonded.
  • An application of an adhesive tape instead of the wet adhesive currently tends to be rejected, since the adhesive tape would have to be applied to the raw material, such as for example to the raw wood.
  • a previously pre-treated workpiece of a limb of a window leaf frame would then have to be re-machined, in order to create a rough surface which would be suitable for the bonding.
  • a machine for applying an adhesive tape is described, for example, by DE 689 04 098 T2.
  • the bonding of the pane with a wet adhesive is also associated with disadvantages, in particular for smaller companies, since the wet adhesive has to be processed under defined environmental conditions, that is to say at a predefined temperature and atmospheric humidity with a defined freeness from dust, and in addition the metering has to be performed very accurately. To apply this exactly by hand is virtually impossible and application systems to be used for the purpose are relatively expensive, which makes it uneconomical for small and medium companies.
  • the object of the invention is to devise a method by means of which bonding by means of an adhesive can be achieved simply and uncomplicatedly and the bonding can nevertheless be effected economically.
  • An exemplary embodiment of the invention relates to a method for machining a workpiece, in particular for a profiled leaf element of a window leaf frame, wherein the workpiece is first machined using a first machining device in order to produce a machined first surface to which an adhesive is to be applied, wherein the workpiece is machined further once the adhesive has been applied.
  • the adhesive can be applied to a surface which in particular is machined to a final dimension, before the remaining surfaces of the workpiece are machined. This can advantageously also be automated and implemented simply in the machining process.
  • the first machining for producing the first surface is carried out in such a way that the first surface is machined to a final dimension as a result.
  • the adhesive can be applied to a surface which does not have to be machined further, since it has already been machined to final dimension.
  • machining means, for example, bringing to dimension by cutting or material removal, that is to say performing material removal in order to bring the workpiece to a predefined dimension at the machined point. This applies to the first machining and also to the further machining. These are accordingly shaping processes.
  • the first machining for producing the first surface also machines a second surface which is adjacent to the first surface, wherein the second surface is arranged in such a way that it corresponds substantially to a shadow area of the adhesive applied to the first surface.
  • the second surface is arranged in such a way that it corresponds substantially to a shadow area of the adhesive applied to the first surface.
  • the first machining for producing the second surface is carried out in such a way that the second surface is also machined to a final dimension as a result. In this respect, too, a further machining step that could impair the adhesive can thus be avoided.
  • the further machining is machining of at least individual remaining surfaces of the workpiece to final dimension.
  • the workpiece is then advantageously machined on remaining sides in a further machining device, in order to bring it overall to final dimension in order that, in following method steps, it can possibly be cleaned, surface-treated, such as for example painted, and assembled.
  • the surface treatment can advantageously also be or comprise a pre-treatment, such as an application of a primer, etc., for example.
  • the further machining is carried out in one method step or in multiple method steps.
  • the latter is machined successively by means of various tools.
  • the first machining is carried out on a planing machine or milling machine.
  • pre-machining of various surfaces of the workpiece can be carried out and, at the same time, the machining of the first surface and optionally of the second surface can also be performed.
  • the further machining is carried out on a second machining device, such as in particular on a milling machine, and in particular on a profiling machine or on a machining center.
  • a second machining device such as in particular on a milling machine, and in particular on a profiling machine or on a machining center.
  • the first machining can be carried out on a first machining device and the further machining on a separate further, second machining device, so that the first machining device then becomes free again for the machining of the next workpiece.
  • the workpiece or the first surface of the workpiece is cleaned by means of a cleaning device.
  • the first surface can be freed of dust and/or chips etc., so that applying the adhesive is then uncomplicated and reliably possible.
  • a pre-treatment can also advantageously be carried out, such as the application of a primer or the like.
  • the application of the adhesive is carried out automatically by a laminating device or an application device. As a result, reliable application of the adhesive can be achieved.
  • a manual application can also be advantageous if the application is in particular carried out in accordance with treatment instructions and is carried out at the necessary points.
  • first machining device and the laminating device or application device are coupled or connected to one another, in order to combine the production of the first surface and the application of the adhesive to the first surface with one another. As a result, this can be carried out in one pass, so to speak, which simplifies the method.
  • the laminating device or application device and the second machining device can alternatively or additionally be coupled or connected to one another, in order to combine the application of the adhesive to the first surface and the further machining of the workpiece with one another.
  • This can also have advantages in the procedure, with increased effectiveness, since the handling and possibly the temporary storage of the workpieces in between can be dispensed with.
  • the adhesive has or is an adhesive tape. This can be rolled on or applied in another way.
  • the adhesive tape can also be additionally provided with an adhesive compound which, following the application of the adhesive tape, can be applied at least in some areas.
  • the adhesive has or is an adhesive compound which, in particular, is a pasty or fluid adhesive compound. This can advantageously be applied to previously designated positions.
  • the application can be carried out, for example, by means of a nozzle as a spray.
  • the adhesive compound or the adhesive can be applied by means of an injector, cylinder, roller or in another way.
  • the compound can also only be activated later, for example, so that it is adhesive only after the activation.
  • the adhesive tape can also have windows, for example, in which the adhesive compound is introduced, so that the adhesive compounds can also be used in addition to the adhesive tape.
  • the workpieces are at least partly miter-sawn or miter-milled and mitered to one another.
  • a simple connection can be implemented which, on account of the bonding with a pane, also leads to a sufficient overall stability, since the pane itself contributes to the stability.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic illustration of a workpiece for a leaf profile of a window leaf frame before the first machining
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic illustration of the workpiece for a leaf profile of a window leaf frame according to FIG. 1 after the first machining and after the application of the adhesive strip,
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic illustration of a workpiece according to FIG. 2 additionally with an illustration of a profile of an end contour mill
  • FIG. 4 shows a block diagram to explain the method according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows a workpiece 1 in cross section.
  • the workpiece 1 in the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 1 is formed so as to be substantially rectangular or alternatively square in section and, in the longitudinal direction, not illustrated here, has an elongated rod-like shape.
  • rebates already provided and otherwise introduced can be provided in the workpiece.
  • the workpiece 1 is used after the machining for example as a limb or leaf profile of a window leaf frame, which can be assembled to form a window leaf frame and which can then be bonded to a pane of the window leaf.
  • the workpiece 1 Before its machining, the workpiece 1 advantageously has four peripheral side surfaces 2 , 3 , 4 and 5 , which are subsequently machined.
  • FIG. 2 shows the workpiece 1 after first machining in the area of the side surfaces 2 and 5 .
  • the workpiece 1 is first machined by means of a first machining device in order to produce a machined first surface 6 for the application of an adhesive tape 7 to the first surface 6 .
  • the method according to the invention will be described by using the application of an adhesive tape, wherein an alternative adhesive can also be applied instead of the adhesive tape.
  • the adhesive can generally be the adhesive tape or else an adhesive compound which is applied.
  • an adhesive compound can also be applied. This applies in a corresponding way to all the exemplary embodiments described in the present application documents and will not be explicitly repeated once more below.
  • the first surface 6 is formed substantially parallel to the side surfaces 3 , 5 and is substantially perpendicular to the side surface 2 .
  • the first machining for producing the first surface 6 is carried out in such a way that the first surface 6 is machined to a final dimension as a result.
  • the adhesive tape 7 can be applied to the first surface 6 , so that it is bonded on securely.
  • the first machining for producing the first surface 6 also machines a second surface 8 , which is adjacent to the first surface 6 , wherein the second surface 8 is arranged in such a way that it substantially corresponds to a shadow area of the adhesive tape 7 bonded onto the first surface 6 .
  • the second surface 8 is arranged to be substantially perpendicular to the first surface 6 and has a height h which is at least somewhat larger than the height H of the applied adhesive tape 7 .
  • the first machining for producing the second surface 8 is also implemented in such a way that, as a result, the second surface 8 is also machined to a final dimension. This is advantageous, since as a result it is possible to avoid subsequent machining of the first surface 6 and also of the second surface 8 , during which the applied adhesive tape 7 could be damaged or impaired.
  • the side surface 2 is machined as far as the side surface 5 as a surface 9 .
  • this can be carried out only to a rough dimension of a pre-profile, so that this surface 9 is possibly machined later to an end dimension in a following machining step.
  • this surface 9 can also be machined to final dimension as part of the second surface 8 .
  • FIG. 2 shows the final dimension 10 , 11 , 12 to which the workpiece 1 is brought during further machining. This is carried out following the application of the adhesive tape 7 to the first surface 6 .
  • the further machining can be machining of at least individual remaining surfaces of the workpiece to final dimension, wherein the further machining is carried out in one method step or in multiple method steps.
  • FIG. 3 shows, following the application of the adhesive tape 7 , that the left-hand side of the workpiece 1 in the areas of the final dimension 11 , 12 , is machined to its final dimension by means of an end profile mill 13 . Then, by means of a further end profile mill, the right-hand side of the workpiece 1 can also be machined finally in the area of the final dimension 10 . However, this is not illustrated.
  • the first machining is carried out on a first machining device 14 , which is constructed as a planing machine or as a milling machine.
  • the further machining is advantageously carried out on a second machining device 15 , such as in particular on a milling machine, which is constructed in particular as a profiling machine or as a machining center. This is illustrated in FIG. 4 in the form of a block diagram 20 .
  • the workpiece 1 or the first surface 6 of the workpiece 1 is cleaned by means of a cleaning device 16 .
  • This can be blowing off dust or chips. It can also be another type of cleaning.
  • the adhesive tape 7 is applied. It is advantageous if the application of the adhesive tape 7 is carried out automatically by a laminating device 17 . In the event of a different application of the adhesive, instead of a laminating device 17 a general application unit 17 can also be provided, by means of which the adhesive can be applied.
  • the first machining device 14 and the laminating device 17 or application device 17 are coupled or connected to one another, in order to combine the production of the first surface 6 and the application of the adhesive tape 7 to the first surface 6 with one another.
  • this coupling can also be omitted.
  • the laminating device 17 or application device 17 and the second machining device 15 can be coupled or combined with one another, in order to combine the application of the adhesive tape 7 to the first surface 6 and the further machining with one another.
  • this coupling can also be omitted.
  • the laminating device or application device 17 can both apply an adhesive, which is an adhesive compound, an adhesive tape or else an application of an adhesive tape and an adhesive compound. Different adhesives can also be provided.
  • the adhesive or adhesives can, for example, also be covered by means of a protective film or the like.
  • the application device can not only apply an adhesive tape, such as rolling on by means of rollers, it can alternatively or additionally also roll the adhesive on by means of rolls or apply the same by means of spraying, and also apply the same by means of nozzles.
  • the machined workpieces can advantageously be assembled to form a window frame or a window leaf frame or the like. It is also advantageous if the workpieces are miter-sawn or miter-milled at at least one of their ends, in order to miter two workpieces to one another. Other types of connection can also be chosen, so that the workpieces butt up against one another and, for example, are mortised or joined in another way.
  • cutting to length and miter-sawing is associated with the advantage that simple processing and adaptation of the workpieces to be connected is carried out; as a result of the bonding of a pane, this also contributes to the stability and the assembled frame does not need to be designed so strongly in terms of its stability.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
  • Automobile Manufacture Line, Endless Track Vehicle, Trailer (AREA)
  • Processing Of Stones Or Stones Resemblance Materials (AREA)
  • General Factory Administration (AREA)
US15/553,621 2015-03-17 2016-03-15 Method for machining a workpiece Active 2036-11-03 US10604987B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102015204832 2015-03-17
DE102015204832.2A DE102015204832A1 (de) 2015-03-17 2015-03-17 Verfahren zur Bearbeitung eines Werkstücks
DE102015204832.2 2015-03-17
PCT/EP2016/055512 WO2016146614A1 (de) 2015-03-17 2016-03-15 Verfahren zur bearbeitung eines werkstücks

Publications (2)

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US20180051504A1 US20180051504A1 (en) 2018-02-22
US10604987B2 true US10604987B2 (en) 2020-03-31

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US15/553,621 Active 2036-11-03 US10604987B2 (en) 2015-03-17 2016-03-15 Method for machining a workpiece

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US (1) US10604987B2 (de)
EP (1) EP3271122B1 (de)
CN (1) CN107405785B (de)
BR (1) BR112017015005A2 (de)
DE (1) DE102015204832A1 (de)
ES (1) ES2715961T3 (de)
PL (1) PL3271122T3 (de)
WO (1) WO2016146614A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111941857B (zh) * 2020-06-11 2021-12-31 德峰兴元(江苏)生物科技有限公司 一种新型木剑捶打装置

Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH554479A (de) 1972-01-27 1974-09-30 Frank Gmbh Wilh Verfahren zur herstellung eines fluegels eines fensters oder einer tuer, sowie vorrichtung zur durchfuehrung dieses verfahrens.
US4050489A (en) * 1976-06-14 1977-09-27 Harvey Albert Werner Method for fabricating a lamp base
US4394409A (en) * 1977-09-22 1983-07-19 Weyerhaeuser Company Composite wood article and method of manufacture
US4799981A (en) 1988-03-15 1989-01-24 Cincinnati Milacron Inc. Spool servo control for tape web positioning
EP0421836A1 (de) * 1989-10-05 1991-04-10 Alain Gouget Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Verbundprofils aus Holz und Metall und danach hergestelltes Profil
CN2583332Y (zh) 2002-11-15 2003-10-29 柳本鹏 门体边框连接组件
CN201198703Y (zh) 2008-05-09 2009-02-25 董呈明 一种木门窗拼框结构
EP2253441A1 (de) 2009-05-18 2010-11-24 BIESSE S.p.A. Methode und Verfahren für das Abvieren von einer Platte aus Holz oder ähnlichem Material
DE202007019400U1 (de) 2006-08-31 2012-04-13 Leitz Gmbh & Co. Kg Fensterelement und Werkzeug zur Bearbeitung der Fensterkanteln
JP2013071253A (ja) 2011-09-26 2013-04-22 Daiken Corp 化粧材の製造方法
DE102012005445A1 (de) 2012-03-20 2013-09-26 Helmuth Glaser Fensterprofilsystem

Patent Citations (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH554479A (de) 1972-01-27 1974-09-30 Frank Gmbh Wilh Verfahren zur herstellung eines fluegels eines fensters oder einer tuer, sowie vorrichtung zur durchfuehrung dieses verfahrens.
GB1392734A (en) 1972-01-27 1975-04-30 Frank Gmbh Wilh Method of manufacturing framed panels such as windows doors and the like
US4050489A (en) * 1976-06-14 1977-09-27 Harvey Albert Werner Method for fabricating a lamp base
US4394409A (en) * 1977-09-22 1983-07-19 Weyerhaeuser Company Composite wood article and method of manufacture
DE68904098T2 (de) 1988-03-15 1993-04-29 Cincinnati Milacron Inc Bandlegevorrichtung und dazugehoerige regelung.
US4799981A (en) 1988-03-15 1989-01-24 Cincinnati Milacron Inc. Spool servo control for tape web positioning
EP0421836A1 (de) * 1989-10-05 1991-04-10 Alain Gouget Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Verbundprofils aus Holz und Metall und danach hergestelltes Profil
CN2583332Y (zh) 2002-11-15 2003-10-29 柳本鹏 门体边框连接组件
DE202007019400U1 (de) 2006-08-31 2012-04-13 Leitz Gmbh & Co. Kg Fensterelement und Werkzeug zur Bearbeitung der Fensterkanteln
CN201198703Y (zh) 2008-05-09 2009-02-25 董呈明 一种木门窗拼框结构
EP2253441A1 (de) 2009-05-18 2010-11-24 BIESSE S.p.A. Methode und Verfahren für das Abvieren von einer Platte aus Holz oder ähnlichem Material
JP2013071253A (ja) 2011-09-26 2013-04-22 Daiken Corp 化粧材の製造方法
DE102012005445A1 (de) 2012-03-20 2013-09-26 Helmuth Glaser Fensterprofilsystem

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
German Search Report, Appl. No. 10 2015 204 832.2, dated Dec. 1, 2015, 8 pgs.
International Search Report, PCT/EP2016/055512, dated Jun. 7, 2016, 2 pgs.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP3271122A1 (de) 2018-01-24
DE102015204832A1 (de) 2016-09-22
PL3271122T3 (pl) 2019-06-28
BR112017015005A2 (pt) 2018-03-20
CN107405785A (zh) 2017-11-28
ES2715961T3 (es) 2019-06-07
US20180051504A1 (en) 2018-02-22
WO2016146614A1 (de) 2016-09-22
CN107405785B (zh) 2020-11-13
EP3271122B1 (de) 2018-12-26

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