UA69648A - Method of operation of an internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Abstract

A method of operation of an internal combustion engine by which the processes of gas exchange are performed by opening the inlet and the outlet valves at coming at the stroke of burning-expansion to the volume of the over-piston cavity 90-100 percent of its maximal value, and closing those is performed at the stroke of compression at the volume of the over-piston cavity 40-60 percent of its maximal value.

Description

Description of the invention

The invention relates to the field of engine construction, mainly to two-stroke piston engines 2 of internal combustion (ICE) with stratification of the fuel-air mixture, spark ignition, valve gas distribution, and relates to a method of improving the conversion of thermal energy into mechanical energy in one cylinder.

Known methods of operation of two-stroke piston engines with valve gas distribution and preliminary compression of the working fluid I1-7). A general shortcoming of the known methods of operation of two-stroke piston engines with spark ignition is the insufficient efficiency of converting the heat of fuel combustion into the mechanical work of gases 70 due to understated degrees of expansion of fuel combustion products (the ratio of the volume of the above-piston cavity at the time of opening of the gas distribution organs to the minimum volume of the above-piston cavity) , and, accordingly, understated values of the thermal efficiency coefficient (efficiency) of the thermodynamic cycle of the internal combustion engine.

The method of operation of a two-stroke piston internal combustion engine with spark ignition, direct fuel injection, stratification of the fuel-air mixture and 12-valve gas distribution according to the patent of the Russian Federation Mo2070974 |1) is adopted as the prototype), in the upper piston cavity of which is sequentially carried out during one revolution of the crankshaft (two strokes) processes of combustion and expansion of fuel combustion products, gas exchange, air compression, fuel injection and its ignition at the end of the compression stroke from the spark between the electrodes of the spark plug. In this case, the opening of the valves is carried out on the expansion stroke of the combustion products when the volume of the superpiston cavity reaches 70-80 percent of its maximum value, and their closing is carried out on the compression stroke when the volume of the superpiston cavity is 75-85 percent of its maximum value, and the opening and the closing of the exhaust valves is carried out with some advance (10-15 degrees of rotation of the crankshaft) relative to the moments of opening and closing of the intake valves, which determines the understated degree of expansion of combustion products in the superpiston cavity, and accordingly, the understated value of the thermal

Engine cycle efficiency.

The object of the claimed invention is to increase the thermal efficiency of the internal combustion engine cycle by increasing the efficiency of converting thermal energy into mechanical energy in one cylinder.

The task is solved in the following way. In the proposed method of operation of an internal combustion engine, which contains a cylinder head with intake and exhaust valves, a superpiston cavity formed by a piston, a cylinder and a cylinder head, gas exchange, compression, and expansion processes are carried out in the superpiston cavity, and according to the invention, gas exchange processes are carried out by opening of the intake and exhaust valves when the volume of the superpiston cavity reaches 90-100 percent of its maximum value on the expansion stroke, and their closing is carried out on the compression stroke when the volume of the superpiston cavity is 40-60 percent of its maximum value , while the intake and exhaust valves open and close simultaneously. at

The functional purpose of the set of claimed features is to increase the thermal efficiency of the cycle of the internal combustion engine by increasing the degree of expansion of combustion products in the superpiston cavity, and, accordingly, increasing the efficiency of the conversion of combustion heat into mechanical "work of gases while maintaining the efficiency of gas exchange in the superpiston cavity, due to the simultaneous opening and closing of the inlet and outlet valves, maintaining the necessary duration of their opening with increased pressure drops at the inlet and outlet.

From" Fig. 1 shows a general view of a two-stroke piston internal combustion engine with spark ignition, direct injection, stratification of the fuel-air mixture and a gas distribution valve mechanism, in which the proposed method is implemented.

Figure 2 shows an indicator diagram of gas pressure in the upper cavity of this engine. b The engine in which the proposed method of operation is carried out contains cylinder 1, piston 2, cylinder head Z of cylinder 1 (se) with an ejector 4 and intake 5, 6 and exhaust 7, 8 valves located in it with a drive, for example, from a camshaft, which will form a superpiston cavity 9, a combustion chamber 10 in the head C of the cylinder 1, in the upper part of which a spark plug 11 is installed, a nozzle 12 installed, for example, in the wall of the cylinder 1, an air compressor "drive" 20 (not shown in Fig. 1).

The method of operation of the claimed two-stroke piston engine is carried out in the following way. On the compression stroke c in the direction of the combustion chamber, with the help of the nozzle 12 and the fuel pump (not shown in Fig. 1), fuel is injected (point p on the compression line, which corresponds to the initial fuel injection - Fig. 2) on the surface of the walls of the extruder 4 and the walls combustion chamber 10 (Fig. 1). The fuel vapors formed over the surfaces 29 of the walls of the squeezer 4 and the combustion chamber 10 will be compressed by the air flow from under the squeezer 4 at the end of the stroke. moved to the upper part of the combustion chamber 10, ensuring stratification of the fuel-air mixture, and ignited with a spark plug 11 (point c - Fig. 2). Fuel combustion products expand in the superpiston cavity U until the simultaneous opening of the exhaust and intake valves begins (the point is on the expansion line, when the volume of the superpiston cavity is 90-100 percent of its maximum value, - 60 fig.2). The pressure of combustion products in the superpiston cavity 9 until this moment becomes less than the air pressure r k in front of the intake valves 5, 6 and the air through the intake valves 5 and b enters the superpiston cavity 9, pushing the combustion products to the exhaust valves 7 and 8, the gas pressure r t for which is close to atmospheric.

Close the valves on the compression stroke when the volume of the superpiston cavity is 40 - 60 percent of its maximum value (point m in Fig. 2). Because intake valves 5 and 6 open and close simultaneously with exhaust valves 7 because | 8, due to this, the duration of purging increases when the intake and exhaust valves are open with increased pressure drops at the inlet p and at the outlet r, which ensures effective cleaning of the superpiston cavity from combustion products and its filling with air when the degree of expansion of combustion products is increased by 1, 5-2.5 times in relation to the degree of air compression.

The use of the proposed method of operation of a two-stroke engine with valve gas distribution and spark ignition allows to increase the efficiency of the conversion of thermal energy into mechanical energy, to increase the thermal efficiency of the internal combustion engine cycle by 20-30 percent.

SOURCES

1. Patent of the Russian Federation "Internal combustion engine" Mo2070974, E02823/10, 17/00, 1996. 70 2. USA patent "Method of mixing in a two-stroke engine" Mob382176, P02823/10, 2002. 3. USA patent "Two-stroke internal combustion engine" Mo5140958, G02823/10, 1991. 4. USA patent "Two-stroke engine" Mo5271262, GO283/04, 1990. 5. US patent "Two-stroke internal combustion engine with improved purging" Mo4616605, P02875/02, GO02039/04, 1984. 6. USA patent "Two-stroke internal combustion engine" Mo4732118, P02875/02, 1987. 7. FRG application "Two-stroke internal combustion engine" Mo3143402, GO2825/00, EO11 35/20, 1981. 78 p 10 tuda la Чы шх я уют U

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Claims (2)

(22) The formula of the invention se) 1. The method of operation of an internal combustion engine, which contains a cylinder head with intake and exhaust Ф valves, a superpiston cavity formed by a piston, a cylinder and a cylinder head, which includes the processes of gas exchange, compression and combustion-expansion carried out in the superpiston cavity, which differs in that the gas exchange processes are carried out by opening the intake and exhaust valves when the volume of the superpiston cavity reaches 90-100 percent of its maximum value on the combustion-expansion stroke, and their closing is carried out on the compression stroke when the volume of the superpiston cavity is 40 -60 percent of its maximum value. 2. The method according to claim 1, which differs in that the inlet and outlet valves open and close simultaneously. Official bulletin "Industrial Property". Book 1 "Inventions, useful models, topographies of integrated microcircuits", 2004, M 9, 15.09.2004. State Department of Intellectual Property of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine. 60 b5