RU49114U1 - HEAT ENGINE WITH SEPARATE GAS VAPOR PROCESSES - Google Patents

Abstract

The proposal relates to mechanical engineering, namely to engine building and can be used as a power plant to obtain effective power. A heat engine with separate gas vaporization processes comprises: a crankcase 1 with a cylinder 2, in which a piston 3 with a crank mechanism 4 moves. The lower part 5 of the cylinder 2 has a larger diameter, the upper part 6 of the cylinder 2 has a smaller diameter. The lower part 7 of the piston 3 is located in the lower part 5 of the cylinder 2, the upper part 8 of the piston 3 is located in the upper part 6 of the cylinder 2. The lower part 5 of the cylinder 2 is equipped with a valve 9 for supplying the air-fuel mixture from the power system. The volume of the lower part 5 of the cylinder 2 can communicate with the upper part 6 of the cylinder 2 through alternately working (through the cycle) combustion chambers 10 and 11 of constant volume, equipped with inlet 12 and 13, exhaust 14 and 15 valves and spark plugs 16 and 17. In the head 18 cylinder 2 has an exhaust valve 19 for discharging a gas-vapor mixture through an exhaust pipe 20 to a condenser 21 for condensing water and then returning it using a circulation pump 22 to a tank 23, from which water is pumped to a nozzle 25 located in cylinder head 18.

Description

The proposal relates to mechanical engineering, namely to engine building and can be used as a power plant.

Famous engine (Sukhov A. Exhaust cleaner air // Driving. - 2001. No. 4.), capable of running on gas, gasoline, diesel fuel or air; which contains two cylinders of different diameters with valves. These cylinders are connected by channels to a spherical chamber located between them and having inlet and outlet valves. When working in air, the piston in the small cylinder moves downward, sucking in the outside air. Then, when moving upward, the piston compresses the air (cylinder inlet valve is closed, spherical chamber inlet valve is open, exhaust valve is closed). At the end of the compression stroke, the pressure rises to 20 bar. The inlet valve of the spherical chamber is closed, and compressed air is supplied to the chamber under a pressure of 40-50 bar. Then, the exhaust valve of the spherical chamber opens, and this air is directed into a large cylinder, where expansion occurs. After expansion, the exhaust valve of the large cylinder opens, the air enters the atmosphere.

A disadvantage of the described construction is that to ensure a high pressure of the air supplied to the spherical chamber, it is necessary to expend a significant amount of energy.

Also known is an engine with separate gas-vaporization processes (Rudnev V.V., Kukis V.S., Bogdanov A.I. et al.: Certificate for Utility Model RU 27640 U1 7 F 01 K7 00. Publish. 02.10.03. Bull. 4), which has a piston engine, including a crankcase with a pump - small cylinder and a working - large cylinder, arranged V-shaped, in which the pistons - pump - small and working - large, move. A crank mechanism is located in the crankcase and cylinders. The head of the small cylinder contains an inlet valve for supplying the air-fuel mixture from the power system. At the head of the large cylinder is a nozzle for injecting water supplied by the pump from the tank, and an exhaust valve for discharging the gas mixture into the condenser, designed to condense the water and then return it to the tank using the pump. The constant-volume combustion chamber is made separately from the cylinders and connected to the small cylinder through the inlet valve of the combustion chamber, and to the large cylinder through the exhaust valve of the combustion chamber. A candle is installed in the combustion chamber to ignite the air-fuel mixture.

The disadvantages of this design are the low specific (per unit mass of the engine and per unit of its working volume) power and significant overall dimensions .. due to the presence of two cylinders.

This engine design is the closest to the proposed technical essence and is taken as a prototype.

The objective of the proposal is to increase the specific (per unit mass

engine and per unit of its working volume) power and reduction of overall dimensions of the engine.

The solution to this problem is achieved by the fact that in a heat engine with separate gas-vaporization processes containing a two-stroke piston engine with a crankcase, a crank mechanism and one cylinder having a larger diameter in the lower part and a smaller diameter in the upper part, as well as a piston, lower part which has a larger diameter and moves in the lower part of the cylinder, and the upper part is smaller in diameter and moves in the upper part of the cylinder, there are two continuously working (through the cycle) combustion chambers about the volume, equipped with inlet and outlet valves, as well as spark plugs, moreover, in the cylinder head there is a nozzle for injecting water supplied by the pump from the tank, and an exhaust valve for discharging the vapor-gas mixture into the condenser, designed to condense the water and then return it to the tank with using a pump, while at the bottom of the cylinder there is a valve for supplying the air-fuel mixture from the power system.

An analysis of the proposed solution and the known ones allows us to conclude that it meets the patentability conditions of the utility model.

The proposal is illustrated in the figure (figure 1), which shows the basic structure of the proposed heat engine with separated processes of gas formation.

The proposed heat engine with separated gas vaporization processes contains; crankcase 1 with cylinder 2 in which they move

a piston 3 with a crank mechanism 4. The lower part 5 of the cylinder 2 has a larger diameter; the upper part 6 of the cylinder 2 has a smaller diameter. The lower part 7 of the piston 3 is located in the lower part 5 of the cylinder 2; the upper part 8 of the piston 3 is located in the upper part 6 of the cylinder 2. The lower part 5 of the cylinder 2 is equipped with a valve 9 for supplying the air-fuel mixture from the power system. The volume of the lower part 5 of the cylinder 2 can communicate with the upper part 6 of the cylinder 2 through alternately working (through the cycle) combustion chambers 10 and 11 of constant volume, equipped with inlet 12 and 13, exhaust 14 and 15 valves and spark plugs 16 and 17. In the head 18 cylinder 2 has an exhaust valve 19 for discharging a gas-vapor mixture through an exhaust pipe 20 to a condenser 21 for condensing water and then returning it using a circulation pump 22 to a tank 23, from which water is pumped to a nozzle 25 located in cylinder head 19.

The proposed heat engine with separate processes of vaporization works as follows.

When moving the piston 3 down as a result of the rarefaction in the lower part 5 of the cylinder 2, air-fuel mixture is supplied from the power supply system through the valve 9.

After the piston 3 reaches its lowest position, the valve 9 closes and the piston 3 moves upward, which is accompanied by compression of the air-fuel mixture located in the lower part 5 of the cylinder 2. When the piston 3 approaches the upper extreme position, the inlet valve 12 of the first combustion chamber 10 opens, and it is filled

compressed air-fuel mixture, after which the intake valve 12 of the combustion chamber 10 is closed, and the air-fuel mixture is ignited using the spark plug 15. Simultaneously with the closing of the intake valve 12 of the combustion chamber 10, the exhaust valve 15 of the combustion chamber 11 opens, where after complete combustion of the fuel in a constant volume, the resulting hot gases enter the nadporshnevy space of the upper part 6 of the cylinder 2. Where through the nozzle 25, water is injected from the tank 21 using the pump 24.

The resulting superheated steam expands, doing work, the piston 3 moves down, after the piston 3 has come to its lowest position, the exhaust valve 19 opens to release the vapor-gas mixture through the exhaust pipe 20 into the condenser 21, in which water is condensed and then returned using a circulation pump 22 to the tank 23. The cycle repeats., But already hot gases enter the nadporshnevy space of the upper part 6 of the cylinder 2 through the exhaust valve 14 from the combustion chamber 10, and filling with a fresh charge of fuel ovozdushnoy mixture takes place through an intake valve 13 of combustion chamber 11, with subsequent inflammation.

Compared with the prototype, the proposed heat engine with separated gas-vaporization processes provides an increase in the specific power (per unit mass of the engine and per unit of its working volume) and reduction of overall dimensions.

Claims (1)

A heat engine with separate gas-vaporization processes, comprising a two-stroke piston engine with a crankcase, a cylinder and a crank mechanism with a nozzle for injecting water supplied by a pump from the tank and an exhaust valve for discharging a gas-vapor mixture into a condenser designed to condense water from the cylinder its subsequent return to the tank using a pump, characterized in that it contains a cylinder having a larger diameter in the lower part, and a smaller diameter in the upper part, as well as a piston b, the lower part of which has a larger diameter and moves in the lower part of the cylinder, and the upper part - is smaller in diameter and moves in the upper part of the cylinder, two constant-volume combustion chambers with spark plugs working alternately (through a cycle) equipped with inlet and outlet valves, and in the lower part of the cylinder there is a valve for supplying the air-fuel mixture from the power system.