RU51111U1 - HEAT ENGINE WITH SEPARATE GAS VAPOR PROCESSES - Google Patents

Abstract

The proposal relates to mechanical engineering, namely to engine building and can be used as a power plant to obtain effective power. A heat engine with separate gas-vaporization processes contains: a crankcase 1 with a double-acting cylinder 2, in which a piston 3 moves with a rod 4 and a crosshead crank mechanism 5 is located. The lower part of the cylinder 2 is equipped with a valve 6 for supplying the air-fuel mixture from the power system. The volume of the lower part of the cylinder 2 communicates with the upper part of the cylinder 2 through a constant-volume combustion chamber 7, equipped with an intake R and exhaust 9 valves and spark plugs 10. At the head 11 of the cylinder 2 there is an exhaust valve 12 for discharging the vapor-gas mixture into the condenser 13, intended for condensation water with its subsequent return using a circulation pump 14 to the tank 15, from which the pump 16 delivers water to the nozzle 17 located in the head 11 of the cylinder 2. 1 C. p. f-ly, 1 ill.

Description

The proposal relates to mechanical engineering, namely to engine building and can be used as a power plant.

A well-known engine (Sukhov A. Exhaust cleaner air // Driving. -2001. No. 4.), capable of working on gas, gasoline, diesel fuel or air, which contains two cylinders of different diameters with valves. These cylinders are connected by channels to a spherical chamber located between them and having inlet and outlet valves. When working in air, the piston in the small cylinder moves downward, sucking in the outside air. Then, when moving upward, the piston compresses the air (cylinder inlet valve is closed, spherical chamber inlet valve is open, exhaust valve is closed). At the end of the compression stroke, the pressure rises to 20 bar. The inlet valve of the spherical chamber is closed, and compressed air is supplied to the chamber under a pressure of 40-50 bar. Then, the exhaust valve of the spherical chamber opens, and this air is directed into a large cylinder, where expansion occurs. After expansion, the exhaust valve of the large cylinder opens, air escapes into the atmosphere.

A disadvantage of the described construction is that to ensure a high pressure of the air supplied to the spherical chamber, it is necessary to expend a significant amount of energy.

Also known is an engine with separate gas-vaporization processes (Rudnev V.V., Kukis BC, Bogdanov A.I. et al.: Certificate for Utility Model RU 27640 U1 7 F 01 K 7 00. Publ. 10.02.03. Bull. 4) , which has a piston engine, including a crankcase with a pump - small cylinder and a working - large cylinder, arranged in a V-shape, in which the pistons - pump - small and working - large, move. A crank mechanism is located in the crankcase and cylinders. The head of the small cylinder contains an inlet valve for supplying the air-fuel mixture from the power system. At the head of the large cylinder is a nozzle for injecting water supplied by the pump from the tank, and an exhaust valve for discharging the gas mixture into the condenser, designed to condense the water and then return it to the tank using the pump. The constant-volume combustion chamber is made separately from the cylinders and is connected to the small cylinder through the inlet valve of the combustion chamber, and to the large cylinder through the exhaust valve of the combustion chamber. A candle is installed in the combustion chamber to ignite the air-fuel mixture.

The disadvantages of this design are the low specific (per unit mass of the engine and per unit of its working volume) power and significant overall dimensions, due to the presence of two cylinders.

This engine design is the closest to the proposed technical essence and is taken as a prototype.

The objective of the proposal is to increase the specific (per unit

engine mass and per unit of its working volume) power and decrease in overall dimensions of the engine.

The solution to this problem is achieved by the fact that in a heat engine with separated gas vaporization processes containing a crankcase with a crosshead crank mechanism and a double-acting cylinder in which a piston with a rod moves, which forms two working cavities. The lower part of the cylinder is equipped with a valve for supplying the air-fuel mixture from the power system. The volume of the lower part of the cylinder communicates with the constant volume combustion chamber through the intake valve. A combustion chamber having a spark plug communicates through the exhaust valve with the volume of the upper part of the cylinder. The cylinder head has an exhaust valve for discharging a gas-vapor mixture into a condenser designed to condense water and then return it with a circulation pump to the tank, from which water is pumped to the nozzle located in the cylinder head.

An analysis of the proposed solution and the known ones allows us to conclude that it meets the patentability conditions of the utility model.

The proposal is illustrated in the figure (figure 1), which shows the basic structure of the proposed heat engine with separated processes of gas formation.

The proposed heat engine with separate gas vaporization processes comprises: a crankcase 1 with a double-acting cylinder 2, from which a piston 3 moves with a rod 4 and a crosshead crank mechanism 5 is located. The lower part of the cylinder 2 is equipped

valve 6 for supplying the air-fuel mixture from the power system. A constant-volume combustion chamber 7, equipped with inlet 8 and outlet 9 valves and spark plugs 10. In the cylinder head 11 there is an exhaust valve 12 for discharging a gas-vapor mixture into a condenser 13, from which water is pumped out by a circulation pump 14 to the tank 15. To supply water from tank 15 to the nozzle 17 has a pump 16.

The proposed heat engine with separate gas vaporization processes works as follows.

The duty cycle occurs in one revolution of the crankshaft. When moving the piston 3 up as a result of the vacuum that occurs in the lower part of the cylinder 2, the air-fuel mixture is supplied from the power supply system through the valve 6.

After the piston 3 reaches its extreme upper position, the valve 6 closes and the piston 3 moves down, which is accompanied by compression of the air-fuel mixture located in the lower part of the cylinder 2. When the piston 3 approaches the lower extreme position, the inlet valve 8 of the combustion chamber 7 opens, and it is filled with compressed air-fuel mixture, after which the inlet valve 8 of the combustion chamber 7 closes, and the air-fuel mixture is ignited using the spark plug 10. Simultaneously with the approach of the piston 3 to the extreme the upper position opens the exhaust valve 9 of the combustion chamber 7, where after complete combustion of the fuel in a constant volume, the resulting hot gases enter the nadporshnevy space of the upper part of the cylinder 2. K oud through the nozzle 17 is the injection of water from the tank 15 using

pump 16.

The resulting superheated steam expands, doing work, the piston 3 moves down, after the piston 3 has reached its lowest position, the exhaust valve 12 opens to release the vapor-gas mixture into the condenser 13, in which water is condensed and then returned using the circulation pump 14 to the tank 15 The cycle repeats.

Compared with the prototype, the proposed heat engine with separate gas vaporization processes provides an increase in the specific power (per unit mass of the engine and per unit of its working volume) and reduction of overall dimensions.

Claims (1)

A heat engine with separate gas-vaporization processes, comprising a two-stroke piston engine with a crankcase, a cylinder and a crank mechanism with a nozzle for injecting water supplied by a pump from the tank and an exhaust valve for discharging a vapor-gas mixture into a condenser designed to condense water from a cylinder its subsequent return to the tank using a pump, characterized in that it contains a double-acting cylinder, as well as a piston with a rod and a crosshead crank fur anism.