CN111577450A - Novel reciprocating piston engine - Google Patents

Novel reciprocating piston engine Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111577450A
CN111577450A CN202010404903.1A CN202010404903A CN111577450A CN 111577450 A CN111577450 A CN 111577450A CN 202010404903 A CN202010404903 A CN 202010404903A CN 111577450 A CN111577450 A CN 111577450A
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China
Prior art keywords
cylinder
piston
work
liquid
fresh high
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CN202010404903.1A
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Chinese (zh)
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廖英
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to CN202010404903.1A priority Critical patent/CN111577450A/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B41/00—Engines characterised by special means for improving conversion of heat or pressure energy into mechanical power
    • F02B41/02—Engines with prolonged expansion
    • F02B41/06—Engines with prolonged expansion in compound cylinders
    • F02B41/08—Two-stroke compound engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B75/00—Other engines
    • F02B75/02—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B75/00—Other engines
    • F02B75/16—Engines characterised by number of cylinders, e.g. single-cylinder engines
    • F02B75/18—Multi-cylinder engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B75/00—Other engines
    • F02B75/02—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke
    • F02B2075/022—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle
    • F02B2075/025—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle two
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B75/00—Other engines
    • F02B75/02—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke
    • F02B2075/022—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle
    • F02B2075/027—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle four
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B75/00—Other engines
    • F02B75/16—Engines characterised by number of cylinders, e.g. single-cylinder engines
    • F02B75/18—Multi-cylinder engines
    • F02B2075/1804—Number of cylinders
    • F02B2075/1808—Number of cylinders two
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B75/00—Other engines
    • F02B75/16—Engines characterised by number of cylinders, e.g. single-cylinder engines
    • F02B75/18—Multi-cylinder engines
    • F02B2075/1804—Number of cylinders
    • F02B2075/1812—Number of cylinders three

Abstract

A novel reciprocating piston engine has a plurality of cylinders. The fresh high-temperature waste gas generated by fuel combustion does not directly discharge from the engine but flows into the cylinder which uses the fresh high-temperature waste gas to compress and then is mixed with liquid to do work through expansion, after the fresh high-temperature waste gas is compressed in the cylinder, the liquid or gas containing the liquid is injected in the cylinder, and the compressed fresh high-temperature waste gas and the liquid are mixed to do work through expansion. The cylinder using fuel combustion to do work and the cylinder using fresh high-temperature waste gas to compress and then mix with liquid to do work through expansion are independent cylinders respectively, the two cylinders work independently, and parameters such as the cylinder diameter, the stroke, the shape of a combustion chamber, the compression ratio and the like can be different so as to adapt to different characteristics of the cylinders. The cylinder that uses the fuel combustion to do work may be a four-stroke cycle or a two-stroke cycle.

Description

Novel reciprocating piston engine
Technical Field
The invention relates to a novel reciprocating piston engine, which can effectively improve the thermal efficiency of the engine, reduce the weight of the engine, reduce the cost of the engine, reduce the oil consumption of the engine and reduce the pollutant emission of the engine.
Background
The engine is used as a main part of the automobile and plays a key role in the economy and emission of the automobile. The reciprocating piston engine with the traditional structure uses fuel to burn and do work, as the chemical energy of the fuel is converted into the kinetic energy while more chemical energy is converted into the heat energy to be discharged along with the waste gas during the fuel burning, the part of the fuel converted into the heat energy can not be effectively utilized, the heat efficiency of the reciprocating piston engine with the traditional structure is lower, and the heat efficiency is generally below 40%. If the heat energy generated by fuel combustion can be effectively utilized, the heat efficiency of the engine can be effectively improved, and the economical efficiency of the engine can be improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The novel reciprocating piston engine can effectively improve the heat efficiency of the engine and reduce the oil consumption of the engine. The novel reciprocating piston engine is provided with a plurality of cylinders, wherein the cylinders use fuel to burn and do work, fresh high-temperature waste gas generated by fuel combustion does not directly flow out of the engine but flows into the cylinders which use the compressed fresh high-temperature waste gas to be mixed with liquid to expand and do work and a crankcase of the cylinders which use the compressed fresh high-temperature waste gas to be mixed with the liquid to expand and do work, the fresh high-temperature waste gas is compressed in the cylinders, the liquid or gas containing the liquid is injected into the cylinders, and the compressed fresh high-temperature waste gas is mixed with the liquid to expand and do work. The cylinder using fuel combustion to do work and the cylinder using fresh high-temperature waste gas to compress and then mix with liquid to do work through expansion are independent cylinders respectively, the two cylinders work independently, and parameters such as the cylinder diameter, the stroke, the shape of a combustion chamber, the compression ratio and the like can be different so as to adapt to different characteristics of the cylinders. The cylinder that uses the fuel combustion to do work may be a four-stroke cycle or a two-stroke cycle. The cylinder which uses the fresh high-temperature waste gas to be mixed with liquid to expand and do work after being compressed is a two-stroke cycle. The novel reciprocating piston engine has the following advantages: 1. fresh high-temperature waste gas generated by fuel combustion flows into a specific cylinder, is compressed in the cylinder, is mixed with liquid or gas containing the liquid, and then expands to do work. The heat energy of the fresh high-temperature waste gas is partially converted into kinetic energy in a specific cylinder, so that the heat energy loss is reduced, and the heat efficiency of the engine is improved; 2. the number of cylinders which use fuel to do work is reduced, and the oil consumption is greatly reduced; 3. according to the specific design of the novel reciprocating piston engine, the sizes of parts can be shortened, the weight can be reduced, and the cost, the weight and the size of the engine can be effectively reduced.
Drawings
Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments, the drawings are for purposes of illustrating the preferred embodiments only and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a portion of a reciprocating piston engine
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of a novel reciprocating piston engine
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of a novel reciprocating piston engine
Detailed Description
Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art. It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular example embodiments only, and is not intended to be limiting.
Example 1: as shown in figure 1, a novel 3-cylinder reciprocating piston engine, 1 is a cylinder 1, 11 is an inlet valve of the cylinder 1, 12 is an exhaust valve of the cylinder 1, and 13 is a piston of the cylinder 1. 2 is a cylinder 2, 21 is an intake valve of the cylinder 2, 22 is an exhaust port of the cylinder 2, the exhaust port 22 is located on the cylinder wall of the cylinder 2, 23 is a piston of the cylinder 2, 24 is an injector in the cylinder 2, and 25 is an air passage connecting the intake valve 21 of the cylinder 2 with an exhaust valve 12 of the cylinder 1 and an exhaust valve 32 of the cylinder 3. 3 is a cylinder 3, 31 is an intake valve of the cylinder 3, 32 is an exhaust valve of the cylinder 3, and 33 is a piston of the cylinder 3. The cylinder 1 and the cylinder 3 are cylinders which use fuel to burn and do work, the four-stroke cycle is realized, the crankshaft rotates 720 degrees, and the cylinder completes one working cycle and does work once. The cylinder 2 is a cylinder which uses fresh high-temperature waste gas to be compressed and then mixed with liquid to expand to do work, the two-stroke cycle is realized, the crankshaft rotates 360 degrees, and the cylinder completes one working cycle and does work once. The cylinder 2 is disposed between the cylinder 1 and the cylinder 3, and the exhaust valve 12 of the cylinder 1 and the exhaust valve 32 of the cylinder 3 communicate with the intake valve 21 of the cylinder 2 through the air passage 25. The included angle between the crank throw of the cylinder 1 and the crank throw of the cylinder 2 is 70 degrees, the included angle between the crank throw of the cylinder 1 and the crank throw of the cylinder 3 is 0 degree, and the upper edge of the exhaust port 22 of the cylinder 2 is positioned at a position which is 100 degrees different from the top dead center. The working states of the cylinder 1, the cylinder 2 and the cylinder 3 are different at the same moment, the different working moments of the engine are represented by crank angles, and the specific working process is as follows:
the crank angle is 0 degree, the piston 13 of the cylinder 1 is at the top dead center, the cylinder 1 starts the air intake stroke, the piston 13 moves downwards from the top dead center, the air inlet valve 11 of the cylinder 1 is opened, the fresh working medium flows into the cylinder 1 through the air inlet valve 11, and the exhaust valve 12 is closed. When the piston 23 of the cylinder 2 is in the upward movement, the piston 23 is located at a position which is 70 ° different from the top dead center by the crank angle. The inlet valve 21 of the cylinder 2 is closed, the top of the piston 23 is higher than the upper edge of the exhaust port 22, the exhaust port 22 is shielded by the piston 23 and is also in a closed state, and fresh high-temperature exhaust gas in the cylinder 2 is compressed. The piston 33 of the cylinder 3 is at the top dead center, the cylinder 3 starts a combustion stroke, the compressed fresh working medium in the cylinder 3 expands to do work after being combusted, the piston 33 of the cylinder 3 is pushed to move downwards from the top dead center, and the intake valve 31 and the exhaust valve 32 of the cylinder 3 are both closed.
After the crankshaft rotates 70 degrees, the crankshaft rotates 70 degrees. The cylinder 1 is still in the intake stroke, the piston 13 continues to move downwards, the intake valve 11 is still in the open state, fresh working medium continues to flow into the cylinder 1 through the intake valve 11, and the exhaust valve 12 is closed. At this time, the piston 23 of the cylinder 2 moves to the top dead center, the injector 24 in the cylinder 2 injects liquid or gas containing liquid into the cylinder, the compressed fresh high-temperature exhaust gas is mixed with the liquid and then expands to do work, the piston 23 is pushed to move downwards from the top dead center, and the intake valve 21 and the exhaust port 22 of the cylinder 2 are still in a closed state. The cylinder 3 is still in the combustion stroke and the piston 33 continues to move downwards, the inlet valve 31 and the exhaust valve 32 both being closed.
After the crankshaft continues to rotate 100 degrees, the crankshaft rotates 170 degrees. The cylinder 1 is still in the intake stroke, the piston 13 continues to move downwards, the intake valve 11 is still in the open state, fresh working medium continues to flow into the cylinder 1 through the intake valve 11, and the exhaust valve 12 is closed. The piston 23 of the cylinder 2 continues to move downwards, the piston 23 is located at a position which is 100 degrees away from the top dead center, and the top of the piston 23 is flush with the upper edge of the exhaust port 22 of the cylinder 2. After the crank angle is larger than 100 degrees, the top of the piston 23 is lower than the upper edge of the exhaust port 22, the exhaust port 22 is changed from a closed state to an open state, the exhaust gas which is mixed with the liquid in the cylinder 2 and then expands to do work is discharged through the exhaust port 22, the pressure in the cylinder 2 is sharply reduced, and the intake valve 21 of the cylinder 2 is still in a closed state. The cylinder 3 is still in the combustion stroke and the piston 33 continues to move downwards, the inlet valve 31 and the exhaust valve 32 both being closed.
After the crankshaft continues to rotate 10 degrees, the crankshaft rotates 180 degrees. The piston 13 of the cylinder 1 moves downwards to the bottom dead center, the air inlet stroke of the cylinder 1 is finished, the cylinder 1 starts the compression stroke, the piston 13 moves upwards from the bottom dead center, the air inlet valve 11 and the exhaust valve 12 are both closed, and the fresh working medium is compressed in the cylinder 1. At this time, the piston 23 of the cylinder 2 is located at a position which is 110 degrees different from the top dead center by a crank angle, the piston 23 continues to move downwards, the exhaust gas which is mixed with the liquid in the cylinder 2 and then expands to do work continues to be discharged through the exhaust port 22, and the intake valve 21 of the cylinder 2 is opened. The piston 33 of the cylinder 3 moves to the bottom dead center, the combustion stroke of the cylinder 3 is finished, the cylinder 3 starts the exhaust stroke, the piston 33 moves upwards from the bottom dead center, the intake valve 31 is closed, the exhaust valve 32 is opened, and the fresh high-temperature exhaust gas in the cylinder 3 flows into the cylinder 2 through the opened exhaust valve 32, the air passage 25 and the opened intake valve 21.
After the crankshaft continues to rotate 70 degrees, the crankshaft rotates 250 degrees. The cylinder 1 is still in the compression stroke, the intake valve 11 and the exhaust valve 12 are still in the closed state, and the fresh working medium is compressed in the cylinder 1. The piston 23 of the cylinder 2 moves to the bottom dead center, the piston 23 starts to move upwards from the bottom dead center, the air inlet 21 and the air outlet 22 of the cylinder 2 are still in an open state, fresh high-temperature waste gas in the cylinder 3 continues to flow into the cylinder 2 through the opened air outlet valve 32, the air passage 25 and the opened air inlet valve 21, and waste gas which is mixed with liquid in the cylinder 2 and then expands to do work continues to be discharged through the air outlet 22. The cylinder 3 is still on the exhaust stroke, the piston 33 continues to move downward, the intake valve 31 closes, and the exhaust valve 32 opens.
After the crankshaft continues to rotate 80 °, the crankshaft angle is 330 °. The cylinder 1 is still in the compression stroke, the piston 13 moves upwards, the inlet valve 11 and the exhaust valve 12 are still in the closed state, and the fresh working medium is compressed in the cylinder 1. At this time, the piston 23 of the cylinder 2 continues to move upwards, the piston 23 is located at a position which is 100 degrees different from the top dead center, the intake valve 21 is still in an open state, and the fresh high-temperature exhaust gas in the cylinder 3 continues to flow into the cylinder 2 through the opened exhaust valve 32, the air passage 25 and the opened intake valve 21. The top of the piston 23 is flush with the upper edge of the exhaust port 22 of the cylinder 2, after the crank angle is larger than 330 degrees, the top of the piston 23 is higher than the upper edge of the exhaust port 22, the exhaust port 22 is shielded by the piston 23, the exhaust port 22 is changed from an open state to a closed state, and a small amount of residual expansion work waste gas mixed with liquid in the cylinder 2 does not flow out through the exhaust port 22 any more. The cylinder 3 is still on the exhaust stroke, the piston 33 continues to move upward, the intake valve 31 closes, and the exhaust valve 32 opens.
After the crankshaft continues to rotate by 30 degrees, the crankshaft rotates by 360 degrees. The piston 13 of the cylinder 1 moves to the top dead center, the compression stroke of the cylinder 1 is finished, the cylinder 1 starts the combustion stroke, the compressed fresh working medium in the cylinder 1 is combusted and then expands to do work, the piston 13 of the cylinder 1 is pushed to move downwards from the top dead center, and the inlet valve 11 and the exhaust valve 12 of the cylinder 1 are both closed. At this time, the piston 23 of the cylinder 2 continues to move upward, and the piston 23 is located at a position which is 70 ° different from the top dead center by the crank angle. The exhaust port 22 is still in the closed state, and after the crank angle is larger than 360 °, the intake valve 21 is changed from the open state to the closed state, and the fresh high-temperature exhaust gas in the cylinder 2 is compressed. At this time, the piston 33 of the cylinder 3 moves to the top dead center, the exhaust stroke of the cylinder 3 is finished, the cylinder 3 starts the intake stroke, the intake valve 31 of the cylinder 3 is opened, the fresh working medium flows into the cylinder 3 through the intake valve 31, the exhaust valve 32 is closed, and no fresh high-temperature exhaust gas flows into the cylinder 2 through the exhaust valve 32, the air passage 25 and the intake valve 21 in the cylinder 3.
After the crankshaft continues to rotate 70 degrees, the crankshaft rotates by an angle of 430 degrees. The cylinder 1 is still in the combustion stroke and the piston 13 moves downwards and both the inlet valve 11 and the exhaust valve 12 are closed. The piston 23 of the cylinder 2 moves upwards to the top dead center, the injector 24 in the cylinder 2 injects liquid or gas containing liquid, the compressed fresh high-temperature waste gas in the cylinder 2 is mixed with the liquid and then expands to do work, the piston 23 is pushed to move downwards from the top dead center, and at the moment, the intake valve 21 and the exhaust port 22 are both closed. The cylinder 3 is still in the intake stroke, the piston 33 continues to move downwards, the intake valve 31 is opened, fresh working medium flows into the cylinder 3 through the intake valve 31, and the exhaust valve 32 is closed.
After the crankshaft continues to rotate 100 degrees, the crankshaft rotates 530 degrees. The cylinder 1 is still in the combustion stroke and the piston 13 continues to move downwards, both the inlet valve 11 and the exhaust valve 12 being closed. At this time, the piston 23 of the cylinder 2 is located at a position which is 100 degrees different from the top dead center by the crank angle, the piston 23 continues to move downwards, the top of the piston 23 is flush with the upper edge of the exhaust port 22 of the cylinder 2, after the crank angle is greater than 530 degrees, the top of the piston 23 is lower than the upper edge of the exhaust port 22, the exhaust port 22 is changed from a closed state to an open state, exhaust gas which is mixed with liquid in the cylinder 2 and then performs expansion work is discharged through the exhaust port 22, the pressure in the cylinder 2 is sharply reduced, and the intake valve 21 of the cylinder 2 is still in a. The cylinder 3 is still in the intake stroke, the piston 33 continues to move downwards, the intake valve 31 is opened, fresh working medium continues to flow into the cylinder 3 through the intake valve 31, and the exhaust valve 32 is closed.
After the crankshaft continues to rotate 10 °, the crankshaft angle is 540 °. The piston 13 of the cylinder 1 moves to the bottom dead center, the combustion stroke of the cylinder 1 ends, the cylinder 1 starts the exhaust stroke, the piston 13 moves upward from the bottom dead center, the intake valve 11 closes, and the exhaust valve 12 opens. At this time, the piston 23 of the cylinder 2 continues to move downwards, the piston 23 is located at a position which is 110 degrees different from the top dead center by a crank angle, the intake valve 21 of the cylinder 2 is opened, fresh high-temperature exhaust gas in the cylinder 1 flows into the cylinder 2 through the opened exhaust valve 12, the air passage 25 and the opened intake valve 21, and simultaneously exhaust gas which is mixed with liquid in the cylinder 2 and then expands to do work continues to be discharged through the exhaust port 22. The piston 33 of the cylinder 3 moves to the bottom dead center, the intake stroke of the cylinder 3 is finished, the cylinder 3 starts the compression stroke, the piston 33 moves upwards from the bottom dead center, the intake valve 31 and the exhaust valve 32 are both closed, and the fresh working medium is compressed in the cylinder 3.
After the crankshaft continues to rotate 70 degrees, the crankshaft rotates 610 degrees. The cylinder 1 is still in the exhaust stroke and the piston 13 continues to move upwards, the inlet valve 11 is closed and the exhaust valve 12 is opened. The piston 23 of the cylinder 2 moves to the lower dead point, the piston 23 moves upwards from the lower dead point, at this time, the intake valve 21 and the exhaust port 22 of the cylinder 2 are still in an open state, the fresh high-temperature exhaust gas in the cylinder 1 continues to flow into the cylinder 2 through the opened exhaust valve 12, the air passage 25 and the opened intake valve 21, the exhaust gas which is mixed with the liquid in the cylinder 2 and then expands to do work continues to be discharged through the exhaust port 22, and meanwhile, a small amount of fresh high-temperature exhaust gas flows out of the cylinder 2 through the exhaust port 22. The cylinder 3 is still in the compression stroke, the piston 33 continues to move upwards, both the inlet valve 31 and the exhaust valve 32 are closed, and fresh working medium is compressed in the cylinder 3.
After the crankshaft continues to rotate 80 degrees, the crankshaft rotates 690 degrees. The cylinder 1 is still in the exhaust stroke and the piston 13 continues to move upwards, the inlet valve 11 is closed and the exhaust valve 12 is opened. When the piston 23 of the cylinder 2 is located at a position which is 100 degrees different from the top dead center, the piston 23 continues to move upwards, the intake valve 21 is still in an open state, and the fresh high-temperature exhaust gas in the cylinder 1 continues to flow into the cylinder 2 through the opened exhaust valve 32, the air passage 25 and the opened intake valve 21. The top of the piston 23 is flush with the upper edge of the exhaust port 22 of the cylinder 2, after the crank angle is larger than 690 degrees, the top of the piston 23 is higher than the upper edge of the exhaust port 22, the exhaust port 22 is shielded by the piston 23, the exhaust port 22 is changed from an open state to a closed state, and a small amount of residual exhaust gas mixed with liquid in the cylinder 2 and performing expansion work does not flow out through the exhaust port 22 any more. The cylinder 3 is still in the compression stroke, the piston 33 continues to move upwards, both the inlet valve 31 and the exhaust valve 32 are closed, and fresh working medium is compressed in the cylinder 3.
After the crankshaft continues to rotate 30 degrees, the crankshaft rotates 720 degrees. The piston 13 of the cylinder 1 moves to the top dead center, the exhaust stroke of the cylinder 1 is finished, the cylinder 1 starts the intake stroke, the piston 13 moves downwards from the top dead center, the intake valve 11 of the cylinder 1 is opened, the fresh working medium flows into the cylinder 1 through the intake valve 11, and the exhaust valve 12 is closed. At this time, the piston 23 of the cylinder 2 is located at a position which is 70 degrees different from the top dead center by the crank angle, the piston 23 continues to move upward, the intake valve 21 is closed, the exhaust port 22 is closed, and the fresh high-temperature exhaust gas in the cylinder 2 is compressed. At this time, the piston 33 of the cylinder 3 moves to the top dead center, the compression stroke of the cylinder 3 is finished, the cylinder 3 starts the combustion stroke, the compressed fresh working medium in the cylinder 3 is combusted and then expands to do work, the piston 33 is pushed to move downwards from the top dead center, and the intake valve 31 and the exhaust valve 32 of the cylinder 3 are both closed.
At this time, the crankshaft rotates 720 degrees, the engine completes 1 complete working cycle, and the cylinder 1 and the cylinder 3 respectively complete 1 4-stroke working cycle and do work for 1 time. The cylinder 2 completes 2 two-stroke working cycles, and does work for 2 times.
Example 2: as shown in FIG. 2, a novel 2-cylinder reciprocating piston engine, 1 is a cylinder 1, 11 is an inlet valve of the cylinder 1, 12 is an exhaust valve of the cylinder 1, and 13 is a piston of the cylinder 1. 2 is a cylinder 2, 28 is an inlet of the cylinder 2, 22 is an outlet of the cylinder 2, the inlet 28 and the outlet 22 are located on the cylinder wall of the cylinder 2, and the upper edge of the outlet 22 is slightly higher than the upper edge of the inlet 28. 23 is a piston of the cylinder 2, 24 is an injector in the cylinder 2, 26 is a crankcase of the cylinder 2, and the crankcase 26 is a closed space. The reference numeral 29 denotes an air passage connecting the crankcase 26 of the cylinder 2 and the intake port 28, and fresh high-temperature exhaust gas in the crankcase 26 can flow into the cylinder 2 through the air passage 29 and the intake port 28 of the cylinder 2. 27 is a gas passage connecting the crankcase 26 of the cylinder 2 and the exhaust valve 12 of the cylinder 1, and fresh high-temperature exhaust gas in the cylinder 1 can flow into the crankcase 26 through the exhaust valve 22 and the gas passage 27. The cylinder 1 is a cylinder which uses fuel to burn to do work, the four-stroke cycle is realized, the crankshaft rotates 720 degrees, and the work is done once. The cylinder 2 is a cylinder which uses fresh high-temperature waste gas to compress and then is mixed with liquid to expand to do work, the two-stroke cycle is realized, the crankshaft rotates 360 degrees, and the work is done once. The included angle between the crank throw of the cylinder 1 and the crank throw of the cylinder 2 is 120 degrees, the upper edge of the air inlet 28 of the cylinder 2 is positioned at the position which is 120 degrees away from the top dead center and has a crank angle, and the upper edge of the air outlet 22 of the cylinder 2 is positioned at the position which is 100 degrees away from the top dead center and has a crank angle. The working states of the cylinder 1 and the cylinder 2 at the same time are different, the different working times of the engine are represented by crank angles, and the specific working process is as follows:
the crank angle is 0 degrees, the piston 13 of the cylinder 1 is positioned at the top dead center, the cylinder 1 starts an air inlet stroke, the piston 13 moves downwards from the top dead center, the air inlet valve 11 is opened, fresh working medium flows into the cylinder 1 through the air inlet valve 11, and the exhaust valve 12 is closed. During the upward movement of the piston 23 of the cylinder 2, the piston 23 is located at a position which is 120 ° different from the top dead center by a crank angle. The top of the piston 23 of the cylinder 2 is lower than the upper edge of the exhaust port 22, the exhaust port 22 is in an open state, the exhaust gas which is mixed with the liquid in the cylinder 2 and then expands to do work flows out through the exhaust port 22, and meanwhile, part of fresh high-temperature exhaust gas flows out through the exhaust port 22. The top of the piston 23 of the cylinder 2 is flush with the upper edge of the air inlet 28, after the crank angle is larger than 0 degree, the top of the piston 23 is higher than the upper edge of the air inlet 28, the air inlet 28 is changed from the open state to the closed state, the fresh high-temperature exhaust gas in the crankcase 26 does not flow into the cylinder 2 through the air passage 29 and the air inlet 28, and the fresh high-temperature exhaust gas in the cylinder 2 is compressed.
After the crankshaft rotates 20 degrees, the crankshaft rotates 20 degrees. The cylinder 1 is still in the intake stroke, the piston 13 continues to move downwards, the intake valve 11 is opened, fresh working medium continues to flow into the cylinder 1 through the intake valve 11, and the exhaust valve 12 is closed. The piston 23 of the cylinder 2 continues to move upwards, the piston 23 is located at a position which is 100 degrees from the top dead center, the air inlet 28 is still in a closed state, and the top of the piston 23 is flush with the upper edge of the air outlet 22. After the crank angle is more than 20 degrees, the top of the piston 23 is higher than the upper edge of the exhaust port 22, the exhaust port 22 is changed from an open state to a closed state, a small amount of residual exhaust gas mixed with liquid and expanded to do work in the cylinder 2 is not discharged through the exhaust port 22, and fresh high-temperature exhaust gas in the cylinder 2 is compressed.
After the crankshaft continues to rotate 100 degrees, the crankshaft rotates 120 degrees. The cylinder 1 is still in the intake stroke, the piston 13 continues to move downwards, the intake valve 11 is opened, fresh working medium continues to flow into the cylinder 1 through the intake valve 11, and the exhaust valve 12 is closed. The piston 23 of the cylinder 2 moves to the top dead center, the injector 24 injects liquid or gas containing liquid into the cylinder 2, the compressed fresh high-temperature waste gas and the liquid are mixed and then expand to do work, the piston 23 is pushed to move downwards from the top dead center, the top of the piston 23 is higher than the upper edge of the air inlet 28 and the upper edge of the exhaust port 22, and at the moment, the air inlet 28 and the exhaust port 22 are both in a closed state.
After the crankshaft continues to rotate 60 degrees, the crankshaft rotates 180 degrees. The piston 13 of the cylinder 1 moves to the bottom dead center, the intake stroke of the cylinder 1 is finished, the cylinder 1 starts the compression stroke, the intake valve 11 and the exhaust valve 12 are both closed, the piston 13 moves upwards from the bottom dead center, and the fresh working medium in the cylinder 1 is compressed. At this time, the piston 23 of the cylinder 2 continues to move downward, the piston 23 is located at a position which is different from the top dead center by a crank angle of 60 °, the top of the piston 23 is higher than the upper edges of the intake port 28 and the exhaust port 22, and the intake port 28 and the exhaust port 22 are still in a closed state.
The crankshaft continues to rotate 40 degrees and the crankshaft rotates 220 degrees. The cylinder 1 is still in the compression stroke, the intake valve 11 and the exhaust valve 12 are both closed, and the fresh working medium in the cylinder 1 is compressed. The piston 23 of the cylinder 2 continues to move downwards, the piston 23 is located at a position which is 100 degrees different from the top dead center, the top of the piston 23 is higher than the upper edge of the air inlet 28, and the air inlet 28 is still in a closed state. At this time, the top of the piston 23 is flush with the upper edge of the exhaust port 22, and after the crank angle is greater than 220 °, the top of the piston 23 is lower than the upper edge of the exhaust port 22, the exhaust port 22 is changed from the closed state to the open state, the exhaust gas which is mixed with the liquid in the cylinder 2 and then expanded to do work flows out through the exhaust port 22, and the pressure in the cylinder 2 is sharply reduced.
After the crankshaft continues to rotate 20 degrees, the crankshaft rotates 240 degrees. The cylinder 1 is still in the compression stroke, the piston 13 continues to move upwards, the inlet valve 11 and the exhaust valve 12 are both closed, and the fresh working medium in the cylinder 1 is compressed. The piston 23 of the cylinder 2 continues to move downwards, the piston 23 is located at a position which is 120 degrees away from the top dead center by a crankshaft rotation angle, the exhaust port 22 is still in an open state, and the exhaust gas which is mixed with the liquid in the cylinder 2 and then expands to do work continues to flow out through the exhaust port 22. The top of the piston 23 is flush with the upper edge of the intake port 28, and after the crank angle is greater than 240 °, the top of the piston 23 is lower than the upper edge of the intake port 28, the intake port 28 is changed from the closed state to the open state, and the fresh high-temperature exhaust gas in the crankcase 26 flows into the cylinder 2 through the air passage 29 and the open intake port 28.
After the crankshaft continues to rotate 60 degrees, the crankshaft rotates 300 degrees. The cylinder 1 is still in the compression stroke, the piston 13 continues to move upwards, the inlet valve 11 and the exhaust valve 12 are both closed, and the fresh working medium in the cylinder 1 is compressed. The piston 23 of the cylinder 2 moves downward to the bottom dead center, and the piston 23 starts moving upward from the bottom dead center. The top of the piston 23 is lower than the upper edge of the air inlet 28 and the upper edge of the air outlet 22, and the air inlet 28 and the air outlet 22 are still in an open state. Fresh high-temperature exhaust gas in the crankcase 26 continues to flow into the cylinder 2 through the air passage 29 and the opened air inlet 28, and exhaust gas which is mixed with liquid in the cylinder 2 and then expands to do work continues to flow out through the exhaust port 22.
After the crankshaft continues to rotate 60 degrees, the crankshaft rotates 360 degrees. The piston 13 of the cylinder 1 moves upwards to the top dead center, the compression stroke of the cylinder 1 is finished, the cylinder 1 starts the combustion stroke, the compressed fresh working medium in the cylinder 1 is combusted and then expands to do work, the piston 13 is pushed to move downwards from the top dead center, and the intake valve 11 and the exhaust valve 12 are both closed. At this time, the piston 23 of the cylinder 2 is located at a position different from the top dead center by 120 ° from the crank angle, and the piston 23 continues to move upward. The top of the piston 23 is lower than the upper edge of the exhaust port 22, the exhaust port 22 is still in an open state, the exhaust gas which is mixed with the liquid in the cylinder 2 and then expands to do work continuously flows out through the exhaust port 22, and meanwhile, part of fresh high-temperature exhaust gas flows out through the exhaust port 22. The top of the piston 23 is flush with the upper edge of the air inlet 28, after the crank angle is greater than 360 degrees, the top of the piston 23 is higher than the upper edge of the air inlet 28, the air inlet 28 is blocked by the piston 23, the air inlet 28 is changed from the open state to the closed state, the fresh high-temperature exhaust gas in the crankcase 26 does not flow into the cylinder 2 through the air passage 29 and the air inlet 28, and the fresh high-temperature exhaust gas in the cylinder 2 is compressed.
After the crankshaft continues to rotate 20 degrees, the crankshaft rotates by 380 degrees. The cylinder 1 is still in the combustion stroke and the piston 13 continues to move downwards, both the inlet valve 11 and the exhaust valve 12 being closed. At this time, the piston 23 of the cylinder 2 continues to move upwards, the piston 23 is located at a position which is 100 degrees different from the top dead center by a crankshaft angle, the air inlet 28 is still in a closed state, the top of the piston 23 is flush with the upper edge of the air outlet 22, after the crankshaft angle is larger than 380 degrees, the top of the piston 23 is higher than the upper edge of the air outlet 22, the air outlet 22 is changed from an open state to a closed state, a small amount of residual waste gas which is mixed with liquid and expanded to do work in the cylinder 2 does not flow out through the air outlet 22 any more, and the fresh high-temperature.
After the crankshaft continues to rotate 100 degrees, the crankshaft rotates 480 degrees. The cylinder 1 is still in the combustion stroke and the piston 13 continues to move downwards, both the inlet valve 11 and the exhaust valve 12 being closed. At this time, the piston 23 of the cylinder 2 moves to the top dead center position, the ejector 24 ejects liquid or gas containing liquid into the cylinder 2, and the compressed fresh high-temperature waste gas and the liquid are mixed and then expand to do work to push the piston 23 to move downwards from the top dead center. The top of the piston 23 is higher than the upper edges of the air inlet 28 and the air outlet 22, and the air inlet 28 and the air outlet 22 are still in a closed state.
After the crankshaft continues to rotate 60 °, the crankshaft angle is 540 °. The piston 13 of the cylinder 1 moves to the bottom dead center, the combustion stroke of the cylinder 1 is finished, the cylinder 1 starts the exhaust stroke, the intake valve 11 is closed, the exhaust valve 12 is opened, and the fresh high-temperature exhaust gas in the cylinder 1 flows into the crankcase 26 through the opened exhaust valve 12 and the air passage 27. At this time, the piston of the cylinder 2 continues to move downward, the piston 23 is located at a position which is different from the top dead center by a crank angle of 60 °, the top of the piston 23 is higher than the upper edges of the intake port 28 and the exhaust port 22, and the intake port 28 and the exhaust port 22 are still in a closed state.
After the crankshaft continues to rotate 40 degrees, the crankshaft rotates 580 degrees. The cylinder 1 is still in the exhaust stroke, the intake valve 11 is closed, the exhaust valve 12 is opened, and the fresh high-temperature exhaust gas in the cylinder 1 continues to flow into the crankcase 26 through the opened exhaust valve 12 and the air passage 27. The piston 23 of the cylinder 2 continues to move downward, and the piston 23 is located at a position which is 100 ° different from the top dead center by the crank angle. The top of the piston 23 is higher than the upper edge of the air inlet 28, and the air inlet 28 is in a closed state. The top of the piston 23 is flush with the upper edge of the exhaust port 22, after the crank angle is greater than 580 degrees, the top of the piston 23 is lower than the upper edge of the exhaust port 22, the exhaust port 22 is changed from a closed state to an open state, the exhaust gas which is mixed with the liquid in the cylinder 2 and then expands to do work flows out through the exhaust port 22, and the pressure in the cylinder 2 is sharply reduced.
After the crankshaft continues to rotate 20 degrees, the crankshaft rotates by 600 degrees. The cylinder 1 is still in the exhaust stroke, the intake valve 11 is closed, the exhaust valve 12 is opened, and the fresh high-temperature exhaust gas in the cylinder 1 continues to flow into the crankcase 26 through the opened exhaust valve 12 and the gas passage 27. The piston 23 of the cylinder 2 continues to move downward, and the piston 23 is located at a position that is 120 ° from the top dead center by the crank angle. The exhaust port 22 is still in an open state, and the exhaust gas which is mixed with the liquid in the cylinder 2 and then expanded to do work continues to flow out of the exhaust port 22. The top of the piston 23 is flush with the upper edge of the air inlet 28, after the crank angle is larger than 600 degrees, the top of the piston 23 is lower than the upper edge of the air inlet 28, the air inlet 28 is changed from the closed state to the open state, and the fresh high-temperature exhaust gas in the crankcase 26 flows into the cylinder 2 through the air passage 29 and the open air inlet 28.
After the crankshaft continues to rotate 60 degrees, the crankshaft rotates 660 degrees. The cylinder 1 is still in the exhaust stroke, the intake valve 11 is closed, the exhaust valve 12 is opened, and the fresh high-temperature exhaust gas in the cylinder 1 continues to flow into the crankcase 26 through the opened exhaust valve 12 and the air passage 27. The piston 23 of the cylinder 2 moves downwards to the bottom dead center, the piston 23 starts to move upwards from the bottom dead center, the top of the piston 23 is lower than the upper edge of the air inlet 28 and the upper edge of the exhaust port 22, and the air inlet 28 and the exhaust port 22 are still in an open state. Fresh high-temperature exhaust gas in the crankcase 26 continues to flow into the cylinder 2 through the air passage 29 and the opened air inlet 28, and exhaust gas which is mixed with liquid in the cylinder 2 and then expands to do work continues to flow out through the exhaust port 22.
After the crankshaft continues to rotate 60 degrees, the crankshaft rotates 720 degrees. The piston 13 of the cylinder 1 moves upwards to the top dead center, the exhaust stroke of the cylinder 1 is finished, the cylinder 1 starts the intake stroke, the piston 13 moves downwards from the top dead center, the intake valve 11 is opened, the fresh working medium flows into the cylinder 1 through the intake valve 11, the exhaust valve 12 is closed, and no fresh high-temperature waste gas flows into the crankcase 26 through the exhaust valve 12 and the air passage 27 after the exhaust valve 12 is closed. At this time, the piston of the cylinder 2 continues to move upward, and the piston 23 is located at a position which is 120 ° different from the top dead center by the crank angle. The top of the piston 23 of the cylinder 2 is lower than the upper edge of the exhaust port 22, the exhaust port 22 is still in an open state, the exhaust gas which is mixed with the liquid in the cylinder 2 and then expands to do work continuously flows out through the exhaust port 22, and meanwhile, part of fresh high-temperature exhaust gas flows out through the exhaust port 22. The top of the piston 23 is flush with the upper edge of the air inlet 28, after the crank angle is larger than 720 degrees, the top of the piston 23 is higher than the upper edge of the air inlet 28, the air inlet 28 is changed from the open state to the closed state, after the air inlet 28 is closed, the fresh high-temperature exhaust gas in the crankcase 26 does not flow into the cylinder 2 through the air passage 29 and the air inlet 28, and the fresh high-temperature exhaust gas in the cylinder 2 is compressed.
At the moment, the engine completes 1 complete working cycle, the cylinder 1 completes 1 4 stroke working cycles, and the work is done for 1 time. The cylinder 2 completes 2 two-stroke working cycles, and does work for 2 times.
Example 3: as shown in fig. 3, a novel 2-cylinder reciprocating piston engine, 4 is a cylinder 4, 41 is an intake port of the cylinder 4, 42 is an exhaust port of the cylinder 4, 43 is a piston of the cylinder 4, the intake port 41 and the exhaust port 42 are located on a cylinder wall of the cylinder 4, and an upper edge of the exhaust port 42 is slightly higher than an upper edge of the intake port 41. The upper edge of the intake port 41 of the cylinder 4 differs from the top dead center by a crank angle of 130 °, and the upper edge of the exhaust port 42 of the cylinder 4 differs from the top dead center by a crank angle of 120 °. 2 is a cylinder 2, 28 is an inlet of the cylinder 2, 22 is an outlet of the cylinder 2, the inlet 28 and the outlet 22 are located on the cylinder wall of the cylinder 2, and the upper edge of the outlet 22 is slightly higher than the upper edge of the inlet 28. 23 is a piston of the cylinder 2, 24 is an injector in the cylinder 2, 210 is an air passage connecting the exhaust port 42 of the cylinder 4 and the intake port 28 of the cylinder 2, and fresh high-temperature exhaust gas in the cylinder 4 can flow into the cylinder 2 through the opened exhaust port 42, the air passage 210 and the opened intake port 28. The cylinder 4 is a cylinder which uses fuel to burn to do work, and the two-stroke cycle is that the crankshaft rotates 360 degrees to do work once. The cylinder 2 is a cylinder which uses fresh high-temperature waste gas to compress and then is mixed with liquid to expand to do work, the two-stroke cycle is realized, the crankshaft rotates 360 degrees, and the work is done once. The included angle between the crank throw of the cylinder 4 and the crank throw of the cylinder 2 is 0 degree. The leading edge of the intake port 28 of the cylinder 2 differs from top dead center by a crank angle of 120, and the leading edge of the exhaust port 22 of the cylinder 2 differs from top dead center by a crank angle of 110. The working states of the cylinder 4 and the cylinder 2 at the same time are different, the different working times of the engine are represented by crank angles, and the specific working process is as follows:
the crank angle is 0 degrees, the piston 43 of the cylinder 4 is at the top dead center, the compressed fresh working medium in the cylinder 4 expands to do work after being combusted, the piston 43 is pushed to move downwards from the top dead center, the top of the piston 43 is higher than the upper edge of the air inlet 41 and the upper edge of the air outlet 42, and the air inlet 41 and the air outlet 42 are both in a closed state. At this time, the piston 23 of the cylinder 2 is located at the top dead center, the injector 24 in the cylinder 2 injects liquid or gas containing liquid, the compressed fresh high-temperature exhaust gas is mixed with the liquid and then expands to do work, the piston 23 is pushed to move downwards from the top dead center, the top of the piston 23 is higher than the upper edge of the air inlet 28 and the upper edge of the exhaust port 22, and both the air inlet 28 and the exhaust port 22 are in a closed state.
After the crankshaft rotates 110 degrees, the crankshaft rotates 110 degrees. The piston 43 of the cylinder 4 continues to move downwards, the piston 43 is located at a position which is 110 degrees different from the top dead center, the top of the piston 43 is higher than the upper edge of the air inlet 41 and the upper edge of the air outlet 42, and the air inlet 41 and the air outlet 42 are still in a closed state. At this time, the piston of the cylinder 2 continues to move downwards, the piston 23 is located at a position which is 110 degrees away from the top dead center by the crankshaft angle, the top of the piston 23 is higher than the upper edge of the air inlet 28, and the air inlet 28 is still in a closed state. The top of the piston 23 is flush with the upper edge of the exhaust port 22, after the crank angle is larger than 110 degrees, the top of the piston 23 is lower than the upper edge of the exhaust port 22, the exhaust port 22 is changed from a closed state to an open state, the exhaust gas mixed with the liquid in the cylinder 2 and performing expansion work flows out through the exhaust port 22, and the pressure in the cylinder 2 is sharply reduced.
After the crankshaft continues to rotate 10 degrees, the crankshaft rotates 120 degrees. The piston 43 of the cylinder 4 continues to move downwards, the piston 43 is located at a position which is 120 degrees away from the top dead center by the crankshaft angle, the top of the piston 43 is higher than the upper edge of the air inlet 41, and the air inlet 41 is still in a closed state. The top of the piston 43 is flush with the upper edge of the exhaust port 42, and after the crank angle is larger than 120 degrees, the top of the piston 43 is lower than the upper edge of the exhaust port 42, and the exhaust port 42 is changed from a closed state to an open state. At this time, the piston 23 of the cylinder 2 continues to move downwards, the piston 23 is located at a position which is 120 degrees different from the top dead center by a crankshaft angle, the top of the piston 23 is lower than the upper edge of the exhaust port 22, the exhaust port 22 is still in an open state, and the exhaust gas which is mixed with the liquid in the cylinder 2 and then expands to do work flows out through the exhaust port 22. The top of the piston 23 is flush with the upper edge of the air inlet 28, and after the crank angle is more than 120 degrees, the top of the piston 23 is lower than the upper edge of the air inlet 28, and the air inlet 28 is changed from a closed state to an open state. After the crank angle is greater than 120 °, the fresh high-temperature exhaust gas in the cylinder 4 flows into the cylinder 2 through the opened exhaust port 42, the air passage 210 and the opened intake port 28, and the pressure in the cylinder 4 sharply decreases.
After the crankshaft continues to rotate 10 degrees, the crankshaft rotates by 130 degrees. The piston 43 of the cylinder 4 continues to move downward, and the piston 43 is located at a position that is 130 ° from the top dead center by the crank angle. The top of the piston 43 is lower than the upper edge of the exhaust port 42, and the exhaust port 42 is still in an open state. The top of the piston 43 is flush with the upper edge of the air inlet 41, after the crank angle is larger than 130 degrees, the top of the piston 43 is lower than the upper edge of the air inlet 41, the air inlet 41 is changed from a closed state to an open state, and fresh working medium flows into the cylinder 4 through the opened air inlet 41. At this time, the piston of the cylinder 2 continues to move downward, the piston 23 is located at a position which is 130 ° different from the top dead center, the top of the piston 23 is lower than the upper edge of the intake port 28 and the upper edge of the exhaust port 22, and both the intake port 28 and the exhaust port 22 are in an open state. The exhaust gas mixed with the liquid in the cylinder 2 and expanded to do work continuously flows out through the exhaust port 22, and the fresh high-temperature exhaust gas in the cylinder 4 continuously flows into the cylinder 2 through the opened exhaust port 42, the air passage 210 and the opened air inlet 28.
After the crankshaft continues to rotate by 50 degrees, the crankshaft rotates by 180 degrees. The piston 43 of the cylinder 4 moves to the bottom dead center, and the piston 43 starts moving upward from the bottom dead center. The top of the piston 43 is lower than the upper edge of the air inlet 41 and the upper edge of the air outlet 42, the air inlet 41 and the air outlet 42 are still in an open state, and fresh working medium continues to flow into the cylinder 4 through the open air inlet 41. The piston 23 of the cylinder 2 moves to the bottom dead center, and the piston 23 starts moving upward from the bottom dead center. The top of the piston 23 is lower than the upper edge of the air inlet 28 and the upper edge of the air outlet 22, and the air inlet 28 and the air outlet 22 are still in an open state. The fresh high-temperature exhaust gas in the cylinder 4 continues to flow into the cylinder 2 through the opened exhaust port 42, the air passage 210 and the opened air inlet 28, the exhaust gas mixed with the liquid in the cylinder 2 and performing expansion work continues to flow out through the exhaust port 22, and meanwhile, part of the fresh high-temperature exhaust gas in the cylinder 2 flows out through the exhaust port 22.
After the crankshaft continues to rotate 50 degrees, the crankshaft rotates by 230 degrees. The piston 43 of the cylinder 4 continues to move upward, and the piston 43 is located at a position that is 130 ° from the top dead center by the crank angle. The top of the piston 43 is lower than the upper edge of the exhaust port 42, and the exhaust port 42 is still in an open state. The top of the piston 43 is flush with the upper edge of the air inlet 41, after the crank angle is larger than 230 degrees, the top of the piston 43 is higher than the upper edge of the air inlet 41, the air inlet 41 is changed from an open state to a closed state, and fresh working medium does not flow into the cylinder 4 through the air inlet 41 any more. The piston 23 of the cylinder 2 continues to move upwards, the piston 23 is located at a position which is 130 degrees different from the top dead center by a crankshaft angle, the top of the piston 23 is lower than the upper edge of the air inlet 28 and the upper edge of the air outlet 22, the air inlet 28 and the air outlet 22 are still in an open state, fresh high-temperature waste gas in the cylinder 4 continues to flow into the cylinder 2 through the open air outlet 42, the air passage 210 and the open air inlet 28, waste gas which is mixed with liquid in the cylinder 2 and expands to work continues to flow out through the air outlet 22, and meanwhile part of the fresh high-temperature waste gas in the cylinder 2 flows out through the.
After the crankshaft continues to rotate 10 degrees, the crankshaft rotates 240 degrees. The piston 43 of the cylinder 4 continues to move upward, and the piston 43 is located at a position that is 120 ° from the top dead center by the crank angle. The top of the piston 43 is flush with the upper edge of the exhaust port 42, and after the crank angle is larger than 240 degrees, the top of the piston 43 is higher than the upper edge of the exhaust port 42, and the exhaust port 42 is changed from the open state to the closed state. The top of the piston 43 is higher than the upper edge of the air inlet 41, the air inlet 41 is in a closed state, and the fresh working medium in the cylinder 4 is compressed. The piston 23 of the cylinder 2 continues to move upwards, the piston 23 is located at a position which is 120 degrees away from the top dead center by a crankshaft angle, the top of the piston 23 is lower than the upper edge of the exhaust port 22, the exhaust port 22 is still in an open state, and the exhaust gas which is mixed with the liquid in the cylinder 2 and expands to do work continues to flow out through the exhaust port 22. The top of the piston 23 is flush with the upper edge of the intake port 28, and after the crank angle is larger than 240 °, the top of the piston 23 is higher than the upper edge of the intake port 28, and the intake port 28 is changed from the open state to the closed state. After the crank angle is greater than 240 °, a small amount of fresh high-temperature exhaust gas remaining in the cylinder 4 no longer flows into the cylinder 2 through the exhaust port 42, the air passage 210, and the intake port 28.
After the crankshaft continues to rotate 10 degrees, the crankshaft rotates 250 degrees. The piston 43 of the cylinder 4 continues to move upward, and the piston 43 is located at a position that is 110 ° from the top dead center by the crank angle. The top of the piston 43 is higher than the upper edge of the air inlet 41 and the upper edge of the air outlet 42, the air inlet 41 and the air outlet 42 are both in a closed state, and the fresh working medium in the cylinder 4 is compressed. The piston 23 of the cylinder 2 continues to move upward, and the piston 23 is located at a position which is 110 ° from the top dead center by the crank angle. The top of the piston 23 is higher than the upper edge of the air inlet 28, and the air inlet 28 is in a closed state. The top of the piston 23 is flush with the upper edge of the exhaust port 22, and after the crank angle is larger than 250 degrees, the top of the piston 23 is higher than the upper edge of the exhaust port 22, and the exhaust port 22 is changed from the open state to the closed state. After the crank angle is larger than 250 degrees, a small amount of residual waste gas mixed with liquid and expanded to do work in the cylinder 2 does not flow out through the exhaust port 22 any more, and fresh high-temperature waste gas in the cylinder 2 is compressed.
After the crankshaft continues to rotate 110 degrees, the crankshaft rotates 360 degrees. The piston 43 of the cylinder 4 moves to the top dead center, and the compressed fresh working medium in the cylinder 4 expands to do work after being combusted, so that the piston 43 is pushed to move downwards from the top dead center. The top of the piston 43 is higher than the upper edges of the intake port 41 and the exhaust port 42, and both the intake port 41 and the exhaust port 42 are in a closed state. At this time, the piston 23 of the cylinder 2 moves to the top dead center, the injector 24 in the cylinder 2 injects liquid or gas containing liquid, the compressed fresh high-temperature waste gas and the liquid are mixed and then expand to do work, and the piston 23 is pushed to move downwards from the top dead center. The top of the piston 23 is higher than the upper edge of the air inlet 28 and the upper edge of the air outlet 22, and the air inlet 28 and the air outlet 22 are both in a closed state.
At this time, the crankshaft rotates 360 degrees, and the cylinder 4 completes 1 two-stroke working cycle and does work for 1 time. The cylinder 2 completes 1 two-stroke working cycle and does work for 1 time.
The air cylinder using fuel combustion to do work and the air cylinder using fresh high-temperature waste gas to compress and then injecting liquid to do work have different air inlet and exhaust characteristics, working conditions and the like, and the key dimensions such as the cylinder diameter, the stroke, the compression ratio, the connecting rod length and the like of the air cylinder using fuel combustion to do work and the air cylinder using fresh high-temperature waste gas to compress and then mixing with liquid to do work can be different so as to adapt to different characteristics.
The embodiments of the present invention are described for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting the invention since many variations thereof are possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, including the number of cylinders, crank angle between cylinders, bore diameter, piston stroke, cylinder intake or intake valve, exhaust or exhaust valve arrangement and timing, etc. key parameters may be varied according to specific designs, and in order to improve engine NVH, schemes of configuring balance shafts, etc. may be employed in specific designs. The present invention is capable of other embodiments, and various changes and modifications may be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims. The disclosed examples are merely exemplary, and are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. The words used in the specification are words of description rather than limitation, and it is understood that various changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure as defined in the claims.

Claims (10)

1. A novel reciprocating piston engine comprises a plurality of cylinders, wherein the cylinders use fuel to burn and do work; the plurality of cylinders use fresh high-temperature waste gas generated by fuel combustion, and the fresh high-temperature waste gas is compressed in the cylinders, mixed with liquid and then expanded to do work.
2. The novel reciprocating piston engine of claim 1, characterized in that the cylinder using fuel combustion to do work and the cylinder using fresh high temperature exhaust gas to compress and then mixing with liquid to do work are independent cylinders, and the cylinder diameter, stroke, combustion chamber shape, compression ratio and other parameters can be different to adapt to different characteristics.
3. The novel reciprocating piston engine as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that the cylinder using fuel combustion to do work can be a four-stroke cycle, i.e. 720 ° of crankshaft rotation, the cylinder completing one working cycle, doing work once; or a two-stroke cycle, namely, the crankshaft rotates 360 degrees, and the cylinder completes one working cycle and does work once.
4. The novel reciprocating piston engine as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the cylinder which uses fresh high temperature exhaust gas to compress in the cylinder and then mixes with liquid to expand and do work is a two-stroke cycle, i.e. the crankshaft rotates 360 degrees, the cylinder completes one working cycle and does work once.
5. The novel reciprocating piston engine as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the fresh high temperature exhaust gas generated by the fuel combustion working cylinder is not directly exhausted from the engine, and the opening of the exhaust valve or exhaust port of the fuel combustion working cylinder is controlled to control the opening of the intake valve or intake port of the expansion working cylinder after the compressed fresh high temperature exhaust gas is mixed with the liquid, so that the fresh high temperature exhaust gas in the fuel combustion working cylinder flows into the cylinder after the compressed fresh high temperature exhaust gas is mixed with the liquid and expands to work and the crankcase of the expansion working cylinder after the compressed fresh high temperature exhaust gas is mixed with the liquid.
6. The novel reciprocating piston engine as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the cylinder using compressed fresh high temperature exhaust gas mixed with liquid and then expanded to do work has an injector, the injector injects liquid or gas with liquid to the compressed fresh high temperature exhaust gas, and the compressed fresh high temperature exhaust gas mixed with liquid and then expanded to do work.
7. The new reciprocating piston engine as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the cylinder that uses fuel combustion to do work is provided with an inlet valve or port through which fresh medium can flow into the cylinder; the cylinder using fuel combustion to do work is provided with an exhaust valve or an exhaust port through which fresh high-temperature exhaust gas can flow out of the cylinder.
8. The novel reciprocating piston engine as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the cylinder using compressed fresh high temperature exhaust gas mixed with liquid to do work by expansion is provided with an intake valve or port through which fresh high temperature exhaust gas can flow into the cylinder; the cylinder which uses the compressed fresh high-temperature waste gas to be mixed with the liquid and then expands to do work is provided with an exhaust valve or an exhaust port, and the waste gas which is mixed with the liquid and then expands to do work can flow out of the cylinder through the exhaust valve or the exhaust port.
9. The reciprocating piston engine as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the crankcase of the expansion working cylinder after the compressed fresh high temperature exhaust gas is mixed with the liquid is a closed space, and the crankcase is connected with the exhaust valve or the exhaust port of the working cylinder after the fuel is combusted only through the air passage, and is communicated with the intake valve or the intake port of the expansion working cylinder after the compressed fresh high temperature exhaust gas is mixed with the liquid through the air passage, and is not communicated with the crankcase of other cylinders.
10. A novel reciprocating piston engine as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the novel reciprocating piston engine is operable to control the opening or closing of the exhaust and/or intake ports in the cylinder wall by varying the position of the piston within the cylinder.
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DE2947280A1 (en) * 1979-11-20 1981-05-27 Heinz 1000 Berlin Noack Three cylinder reciprocating IC engine - has auxiliary cylinder to expand exhaust beyond discharge pressure of main combustion cylinders
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CN103016148A (en) * 2012-12-12 2013-04-03 清华大学 Four-stroke and two-stroke combined cycle internal-combustion engine

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