UA44580A - DEVICE FOR EMERGENCY REDUCTION OF PEOPLE - Google Patents

Abstract

The device for emergency descent of people has the casing with a braking mechanism mounted in it and control facility contacting with the power cord passing through its apertures and fixed on the support. The casing is executed as a pipe, on one end of which is mounted with possibility of rotation and fixation a control device of braking mechanism in the form of receiver bushing with a spiral scale and mobile index on its surface, and on the other end a guide bushing is mounted. The braking mechanism is made in the form of braking tube mounted in the casing, which is fixed by one end in the receiver bushing, and by other end in the guide bushing with an opportunity of rotation, and an nonfinite power cord is reeled on it and passed through the cross section of the braking tube.

Description

The invention relates to devices and devices that are used for the descent of people from buildings, as well as when working on high-altitude objects.

A known descent device, which includes a drum with a cable, a descent device at one end of it and a descent regulator in the form of disks installed in a viscous medium, which interact with a braking device in the form of a power belt between the drum and the other end of the cable (see author. St. USSR Mo 1560233, Ab2B 1/00, bul. Me 16, 1990).

The disadvantage of this device is that it is presented without means of fixing it on the support and on the body of the rescuer. In addition, it is complex in design, heavy, expensive, and for mass use in high-rise residential buildings will not find widespread use.

A well-known device for the emergency descent of people, which included a drum on an axle in a casing with a cable wound on it with a braking device, which has braking pads located diametrically around the drum, as well as a control device in the form of rods connected to the pads and a pressure scale on them (see Auth. USSR Mo 1563708, Ab2B 1/00, Byul. Me 18, 1990).

The disadvantage of this device, like the previous one, is that it is even more complex and also does not have the means of fixing its elements on the support and on the rescue, and therefore it also does not meet the needs of wide distribution to prevent accidents during fires in modern conditions of use of residential high-rise buildings.

A descent device is known, which contains a coil with a flexible element located in the casing, which is kinematically connected to the braking mechanism by a handle, which includes a body with a viscous liquid in which the flywheel is placed (see author of St. USSR Mo 162549, Ab2B 1 /12, Bull. Mo. 5, 1991).

The disadvantage of this device is that, although it reliably and smoothly brakes the descent under the conditions of its regulation, it is even more metal-intensive, complex, heavy, expensive to manufacture and operate, and therefore also unlikely for modern mass use.

The closest in technical essence is the trigger device, which has a housing with a braking mechanism placed in it, which has brake plates, hinged, located side by side on both sides of the power cord passed between them, and fixed on them cone-shaped rollers, placed so that they from one plate coincide with the gaps between them in the opposite plate, and the outlet for the cord is a cone-shaped hole in the body and a braking control device in the form of a hinge (see author of the USSR Mo 1655518, Av2B 1/14, Bul. Mo 22, 1991).

The disadvantage of the prototype is that this device is also not known how it is fixed, both on the support and on the figure of the rescuer, because there are no means of fixing it in the description. It is also important that it, as in the other cited analogues, provides for the alternate descent of rescuers with the mandatory return of the means of descent to the initial position at a height, and therefore the throughput of this device, even with the most rational means of fixing the rescuers, will necessarily be low, and this is an important obstacle in the rescue process.

The invention is based on the task - taking into account the positive and negative aspects of the prototype - trigger device to create such a variant that would be more effective in rescue work, more reliable in ensuring the safety of the rescuer, simpler in design and cheaper in production, i.e. more adapted to modern conditions and fire protection capabilities in high-rise buildings. This was supposed to be achieved thanks to a different, lighter and more reliable design of the braking mechanism, as well as means of fixing the person on the device and the device on the support.

The task is solved by the fact that the device for emergency descent of people, which has a body, with a braking mechanism installed in it and means of its control, are in contact. with a power cord attached to a support passed through its holes, according to the intended invention, the body is made in the form of a pipe, at one end of which a means of controlling the braking mechanisms is installed with the possibility of rotation and fixation in the form of a setting sleeve with a spiral scale and a movable index on its surface, and a guide sleeve is fixed from the other end, while the braking mechanism is made in the form of a braking tube installed in the body, which is fixed at one end in the installation sleeve, and at the other end - in the guide sleeve with the possibility of rotation, and a power cord, made without an end, is wound on it, passed through through the transverse opening of the braking tube, wound on it and released from the body through the holes and beds made in the guide sleeve, while the device is supplemented with a means of fixing the body on the support in the form of its eye with a chain with a carabiner attached to it, a means of support and insurance of the rescue in the form of removable flexible loops attached to the power cord - shoulder and thigh gloves and gloves attached to them, and a means of unwinding and stabilizing the power cord in the form of a ring put on it, while the means of support and insurance of the rescuer has a locking lock, made in the form of an oval ring with a hole and hinged to the middle of its side part membrane

The technical and consumer result, achieved due to the application of all the distinguishing features of the proposed device, is that a new version of the device for emergency descent of people has been created, which has a more simplified design, light, cheap, reliable, allowing to speed up the process of rescuing people thanks to the added means, too simple and reliable, fixing the device on the support, fixing the support on the power cord for the rescue and unwinding the cord, and the stabilizing ring, which, with the use of an endless cord and a double removable means of fixing the rescuer, makes it possible to significantly speed up the process of self-rescue of people.

The essence of the proposal is explained by the drawing, where in fig. 1 shows the device for emergency descent of people in general and the process of its use; in fig. 2 - the same, front view; in fig. C - variants of orientation of cutting on the support of the housing of the braking mechanism; in fig. 4 - means of support and insurance of the rescuer, front view; in fig. 5 - braking mechanism and means of fixing it on the support; in fig. 6 - the end face of the housing of the braking mechanism and the scale of braking forces; in fig. 7 - the same, side view; in fig. 8 - the opposite end of the housing of the braking mechanism, side view; in fig. 9 - the same, front view; in fig. 10 - fixing lock of means of support and insurance of the rescuer, side view; in fig. 11 - the same, front view; in fig. 12 - the same, before closing the lock.

Specifically, the device for the emergency descent of people includes the body 1 with the braking mechanism and its control means, the power cord 2, the means of fixing the body on the support C, the means of support and insurance of the rescuer 4 and the means of unwinding and stabilizing the power cord 5.

Housing 1 is made in the form of a pipe, which has a mounting sleeve b at the end, inserted into the pipe of the housing with the possibility of rotation and fixation. On the surface of the sleeve 6, a diametrically placed guide 7 is installed with the possibility of rotation, on which a movement index 8 is placed, placed in a spiral groove 9 and a load scale 10 is applied in the form of a spiral. The turns of the bushing 6 in the housing are fixed by the tightening screw 11, which is screwed into the threaded hole of the housing.

A braking pipe 12 is fixed in the middle of the sleeve, in which a transverse hole 13 is made for the passage of the power cord 2. The second end of the pipe 12 is placed with the possibility of rotation in a groove made at the opposite end of the body in the guide sleeve 14, which has diametrically located holes 15 that pass in the rounded beds 16, on which rests the power cord 2 passed through the hole 13 and wound on the tube 12, the ends of which, after the unwinding and stabilization means 5 in the form of a ring 17 are attached to it, are joined together, which turns this cord into an endless traction . The means of fixing the body on the support C is made in the form of a chain 18 with a carabiner 19 at the end, attached to the body using its loop 20. The means of support and insurance of the rescuer 4 is made in the form of removable loops attached to the cord 2 - shoulder strap 21 and thigh strap 22, made of a cord and a mitten 23 attached to them with a cord, and for fixing and removing the tool 4 on the cord 2, a locking lock 24 in the form of an oval ring with an eyelet 25 for hanging elements 21, 22, 23, and hingedly attached to the oval ring in the middle of the side of the hinged membranes 26. Battery 27 heating.

Rescuers use the device on their own. They take it from the box of the fire station and, first of all, they set their body weight (approximately) on the end of the case 1, for which they rotate the guide 7 and set the index 8 against the corresponding value of the scale 10. Then the device is unwound, releasing the cord 2 (removing the ring 17) and putting it outside the windows (or lowering it from the balcony), while holding it in the hands with cord 2 and means 3, 4, 5 down. After lowering the cord 2 to the ground, fix the body 1 on the window sill (or on some support), using the chain 18 and the carabiner 19.

After that, they take and put on tool 4 - loop 21 on the chest under the arms, and loop 22 - on the thighs of the legs, glove 23 - on the right hand of the set that is closer to the body 1 (if both tools 4 are attached). They check the attachment of lock 24 to cord 2 and climb out through the window with their backs forward, without looking down and firmly holding on to both branches of cord 2. Having found themselves behind the window (behind the balcony, roof, etc.) and making sure of the reliability of the support on the hinges of device 4, the rescuer starts the descent. To do this, he slowly reduces the pressure on the cord of both hands and allows the movement of tool 4 and his body downwards. The speed of movement is regulated by the pressure of the right hand, which is in the glove 23. To reduce the speed of descent, the pressure should be increased, and to increase it, it should be weakened. If it is necessary to stop, you should press firmly with your hands on both branches of the cord. The need for such a stop may arise in the middle of the descent when passing the second branch of the cord upwards with the second set of means 4 (if it is attached by the lock 24).

In front of the ground, in advance, he slows the descent again with the pressure of his right hand, protected by a glove 23, and, if help with braking is also needed with the other hand, it is necessary to grab the upward-moving branch of the cord with it and also squeeze it.

If the rescuer stops at a height and cannot move further on his own, then he must be helped - pull down from the ground the branch of the cord on which he is suspended. After landing, device 4 is not removed, because it is needed for the rescue of the following person, who, even before the landing of the first rescuer, prepares himself for the descent and, as soon as the first landing takes place, takes it out of the window, puts on the second device 4 suspended on the second branch of the cord (elements 21, 22, 23, 24), sets his weight on the scale 10 and performs all the actions required for descent. In this way, the emergency descent is carried out by an acceleration boat. It is only necessary to ensure that the rescuers in the middle of the descent do not catch each other and do not hit each other. When they approach from the ground, it is necessary to slow down their movement, for which to hold the branch of the cord that moves upwards. This is how self-rescue is performed.

After rescuing people, the cord 1 together with means C and 4 are wound on the body 1, fixed with the end 9 of means 5 and put for safekeeping in the fire-fighting inventory block.

We hope that the device for emergency descent of people will find wide distribution, especially in large cities where there are many high-rise buildings. It can also be useful for alpinists, rock climbers, high-altitude workers and helicopter pilots - wherever there is a need to lower cargo and people from high-altitude objects. what

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Claims (2)

1. The device for the emergency descent of people has a housing with a braking mechanism and a control device installed in it, which are in contact with a power cord passed through its holes and fixed on a support, which is distinguished by the fact that the housing is made in the form of a pipe, one end of which is installed with the possibility of rotation and fixing means of controlling the braking mechanism in the form of a mounting bushing with a spiral scale and a moving index on its surface, and a guide bushing is fixed at the other end, while the braking mechanism is made in the form of a braking tube installed in the body, which is fixed at one end in the mounting bushing, and at the other end end in a guide sleeve with the possibility of rotation, and an endless power cord is wound on it, passed through the transverse hole of the braking tube, wound on it and released from the body through the holes and beds made in the guide sleeve, while the device is supplemented with a means of fixing the body on a support in the form of his ear with an acorn attached to it by a chain with a carabiner, a means of support and insurance of the rescuer in the form of removable flexible loops attached to the power cord - under the shoulder and under the thigh, and a glove attached to them, and a means of unwinding and stabilizing the power cord in the form of a ring put on it. 2. The device according to claim 1, which differs in that the means of support and insurance of the rescuer has a locking lock made in the form of an oval ring with an eyelet and a membrane hinged to the middle of its side part.