RU59987U1 - LIFE RESCUE DEVICE - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to devices for lowering people from high-rise objects and can be used in rescue operations and for self-evacuation of people from any existing high-rise buildings or structures. The device comprises a base, a brake mechanism in contact with the descent means and comprising brake elements rigidly mounted on the base, a release lever pivotally mounted on the base, and a load clamping element made in the form of a plate, one end of which is provided with a carbine hole interacting with the means fixing the cable mounted on the surface of the cargo clamping element and in contact with the means for the descent and with the brake mechanism. A significant difference is that the descent tool is made in the form of a steel cable, and the device is equipped with a drum for compact laying of the cable, and a drum rotation mechanism, which is made in the form of an elastic plate fixed at an angle on the base with the possibility of interaction with holes made around the circumference a drum for unrolling the cable in only one direction. The drum is equipped with a safety pin for fixing it. The base of the device is made in the form of two parallel mounted and rigidly interconnected plates, between which the brake mechanism is rigidly fixed, made in the form of seven profiled steel hardened discs of different diameters. The trigger lever is made in the form of two pivotally connected plates of different lengths, the long plate of which is mounted rotatably on the base coaxially with the upper disk of the brake mechanism, and the short plate is pivotally connected at one end to the short

the shoulder of the cargo clamping element pivotally mounted on the base and made in the form of a figured plate, the cargo clamping element is provided with an auxiliary protrusion with a hole for the cable to regulate the unwinding of the latter, and the cable fixing means is made in the form of a brake protrusion rigidly fixed to the cargo clamping element interacting with the lower a brake disc, and a calibrated hole for the cable is made in the brake protrusion. The drum is equipped with a safety pin for fixing it. The technical result consists in increasing the reliability, convenience, safety of the user when using the device.

Description

The utility model relates to devices for lowering people from high-altitude objects and can be used in rescue operations and for self-evacuation of people from any existing high-rise buildings or structures, in case of fires, during the destruction of part of buildings, as a result of terrorist acts, or emergency situations when others the ways of salvation are cut off and there is a real threat to people's lives.

There are many devices for lowering people (AS SU No. 1655518, A 62 V 1/14, 06/15/91; Pat. RF No. 2059421, A 62 V 1/14, 05/10/96; ac SU No. 1713605, A 63 B 29/02, 02/23/92; Pat. Of the Russian Federation No. 2137519, A 63 B 29/02, A 62 B 1/14, 09/20/99).

All of these devices are designed for rope descent. Their disadvantages are either large clamping forces for braking, or the absence of an automatic stop of the descending during emergency situations, or the device is difficult to use, requires a thorough study of the operating instructions and preliminary training, or the device is very unreliable due to the available removable parts subject to rapid wear.

The closest to the achieved result is a rescue device for descent, containing a base, a brake mechanism in contact with the means for descent, a trigger lever pivotally mounted on the base and a cargo clamping element made in the form of a plate, one end of which is provided with a hole for the carbine, interacting with fixing means mounted on the surface of the cargo clamping element and in contact with the descent means and with the brake mechanism (US Pat. RF No. 2177818, A 63 V 29/02, A 62 B 1/14, 04/26/2001). In device

an acceptable speed range has been achieved, user safety when using this device, and the convenience and reliability of the device.

However, the use of a rope as a means of descent leads to a decrease in the reliability of the device in case of fire. the presence of open fire can lead to the melting of the trigger rope and the fall of the rescued. In addition, before the descent, you must first drop the rope, which, when lowering several people, can lead to tangling of ropes. Another disadvantage is the cumbersomeness of the rope bay for descending from high-rise buildings, which is inconvenient to store, hang and which when dropped can cause injuries to people descending below.

The task to which this technical solution is directed is to increase the reliability, convenience, user safety when using the device, reducing the weight and size of the device.

To solve the problem in a rescue device for lowering people, containing a base, a brake mechanism in contact with the means for descent and containing brake elements with a semicircular concave side surface, rigidly mounted on the base, a release lever pivotally mounted on the base and a cargo clamping element made in the form of a plate, one end of which is provided with a hole for the carbine, containing means for fixing the cable mounted on the surface of the cargo clamping element and the contact The trigger device and with the brake mechanism according to the invention, the trigger device is provided with a drum for compactly stacking the trigger tool, made in the form of a steel cable, and a drum rotation mechanism, which is made in the form of an elastic plate fixed at an angle on the base with the possibility of interactions with holes

made around the circumference of the drum for unrolling the cable in only one direction; the base of the device is made in the form of two parallel mounted and rigidly interconnected plates, between which the brake mechanism is rigidly fixed, made in the form of seven profiled steel hardened discs of different diameters; the trigger lever is made in the form of two pivotally connected plates of different lengths to reduce the pressing force during the descent, the long plate of which is mounted rotatably on the base coaxially with the upper disk of the brake mechanism, and the short plate is pivotally connected at one end to the short arm of the cargo clamping element pivotally mounted based on and made in the form of a figured plate; the cargo clamping element is provided with a rigidly fixed auxiliary protrusion with a hole for the cable to regulate the unwinding of the latter; the fixing means is made in the form of a steel hardened brake protrusion rigidly fixed to the cargo clamping element interacting with the lower brake disc, and a calibrated hole for the cable is made in the brake protrusion.

Based on the restrictive stop for the maximum deviation of the cargo clamping element.

The steel cable is made of durable flexible fire-resistant.

Disks of the brake mechanism are installed between the base plates in a checkerboard pattern.

The auxiliary protrusion for regulating the unwinding of the cable is made of steel and hardened.

An L-shaped plate with a hole for the upper end of the cable having a loop in the form of a reliably pressed thimble for mounting this device on the fixing point is rigidly fixed on the axis of the upper disk of the brake mechanism.

A cable wound on a drum has a different length.

The trigger lever has a handle for pressing at the end of a long plate.

A drum with a cable is movably mounted on a steel axis rigidly fixed to the inner plate of the base and is equipped with a safety pin for fixing it;

The safety check is a ring, movably fixed on an elastic wire folded in half with slightly divorced ends that extend into the holes on the drum, and the holes in the base plates.

Due to the elasticity of the cable, which encloses the brake discs, at the moment of unlocking the locking means by pressing the trigger lever, the proposed device provides descent along the steel cable with the possibility of instant reliable stop at any moment of landing, with an adjustable descent speed from 0 to 3 m / s.

A wide smooth range of descent speeds and the use of a steel cable allow the descendant to quickly overcome open areas of fire and land on the ground or a safe area (balcony, visor, window, etc.) until the steel cable melts when exposed to fire.

In the proposed design, the weight of the descending due to the pivotally fastened cargo clamping element is decomposed into two horizontal and vertical components. The vertical component is overcome with the help of pivotally fixed plates of the trigger lever, providing a pressing force on the lever handle within 5-10% of the weight of the trigger. The horizontal component is involved in the clamp of the cable, which, passing through the calibrated hole of the hardened brake protrusion of the fixing means, is pressed against the last seventh brake disk

mechanism, bends and, due to friction, cannot continue to pass through the brake discs.

Most friction occurs on the upper brake discs and decreases in the lower. The potential energy of the descending one passes, due to friction, into heat, which is evenly distributed throughout the device, and also passes into the irreversible deformation of the cable.

Due to the profile grooves made in the hardened brake discs, the cable fits them tightly, creating the necessary friction. Due to the created friction, wear of the cable and disks occurs.

The flexible steel cable used is quite durable and wear-resistant. Passing through the brake discs, it is deformed, but nevertheless has high strength characteristics. Disks hardened to high hardness, when the cable passes through them, wear out slightly, and allow the mechanism to function properly when descending from the highest buildings.

The implementation of the base in the form of two parallel plates rigidly fixed to each other increases the rigidity of the disk brake mechanism fixed between them.

The design of the trigger lever from two pivotally connected plates of different lengths allows to reduce the pressing force during the descent

Figure 1 shows a rescue device for descent, a General view

In Fig.2 is the same, view A in Fig.1

Figure 3 is the same, the node B (in section) in figure 2

The device contains a base made in the form of two, rigidly fixed to each other, parallel plates of the lower 1 and upper 2, between which the brake mechanism 3 is rigidly mounted in the form of seven staggered brake discs 3.1-3.7 in contact with the trigger, made in the form of a steel cable 4, laid in the drum 5, the trigger lever, consisting of two

pivotally connected by an axis 6 plates of different lengths - a long plate 7, a short plate 8, a cargo clamping element 9, made in the form of a figured plate, with one end pivotally connected by an axis 10 to a short plate 8 of the trigger lever. At the second end of the plate 9, a hole 11 for the carbine is made, into which the trigger arbor for the descender is clicked, at the third end of the plate 9, a steel hardened auxiliary ledge 12 with a wide hole for the cable to control the unwinding of the cable is rigidly fixed. In addition, the cargo clamping element 9 is equipped with a cable fixing means made in the form of a steel hardened brake protrusion 13 fixed on the surface of the plate 9 and in contact with the brake disc 3.7 and with the steel cable 4. A calibrated cable hole 14 is made in the brake protrusion 13.

The disks 3.1-3.7 have profile grooves (Fig. 3) in contact with the steel cable 4. On the base plate 1, the axis of rotation 15 is rigidly fixed for fastening the cargo clamping element 9, and a limit stop 16 is also installed to limit the maximum deviation of the cargo clamping element 9.

The steel cable is made of durable, flexible fire-resistant and can be made of different lengths.

The drum 5 with the cable 4 is mounted for rotation on a steel axis 17, rigidly fixed to the base plate 2. The drum 5 contains two covers 18 and 19, on which the holes 20 for the safety pin 21 are made around the circumference. On the cover 19, the holes 22 are made around the circumference for interacting with the elastic brake plate 23, which is rigidly fixed to the plate 2 at an angle to the plate, for unwinding the cable in only one direction - clockwise. The safety check 21 passes through both covers 18 and 19 of the drum 5, the plate 2 and the plate 1.

The safety check is a ring, movably fixed on an elastic wire folded in half with slightly divorced ends that extend into the holes on the drum, and the holes in the base plates.

The long plate 7 of the trigger lever is mounted on the outer surface of the base plate 1 and has the ability to rotate on the axis 24 passing through the brake disc 3.1., Through the base plate 1 and 2. On the same axis 24 there is a L-shaped plate 25 with an opening 26 for the upper end of the steel cable 4, having an extruded loop (thimble) 27 to stabilize the position of the cable 4 at the fixing point. The short 8 and long 7 plates of the trigger lever are pivotally connected at one end to each other through the axis 6. The other end of the short plate 8 is pivotally connected with the axis 10 to the short arm of the cargo clamping element 9. There is a handle 28 at the second end of the long plate 7 of the trigger lever

The device operates as follows.

In the manufacture of the rescue device for lowering people, the cable 4 is zigzag laid on the brake discs 3.1-3.7. Then the cable passes through a calibrated hole 14 of the brake protrusion 13, through the wide hole of the auxiliary protrusion 12 and is wound counterclockwise onto the drum 5. The drum is mounted on the axis 17 and is securely fixed with a lock nut. The drum cover 19 is pressed against the elastic brake plate 23 and can rotate discretely with little effort and only in one direction - clockwise. This provides the design of the elastic brake plate 23, interacting with the holes 22 of the drum. To prevent accidental unwinding of the cable, a safety pin 21 is inserted into the device. The device is pre-assembled at the factory and ready for use. With the help of a climbing carabiner, it is hung on a pre-prepared and securely fixed point

descent or, for example, fastens behind the balcony grate, for the existing thimble (cable loop) 27. A descending person with a standard carbine attaches his safety belt (or trigger arbor) to the hole 11 of the cargo clamping element 9, pulls out the safety pin 21. The device is ready for work.

Under the influence of the weight of a person, the plate 9 rotates around the axis 15 clockwise, and the cable 4, passing in the calibrated hole 14 of the brake protrusion 13, is pressed in the lower part of the brake disk 3.7 and bends, creating friction sufficient to stop the movement of the cable in the device, t .e. downward movement of the device, with a descending cable, does not occur.

To carry out the descent, it is necessary to push down the handle 28. By means of the intermediate short plate 8, the long plate 7 of the trigger lever acts on the short shoulder of the cargo clamping element 9, forcing it to move counterclockwise. This, in turn, forces the lower end of the cargo clamping element 9 to move counterclockwise, with the brake protrusion 13, because the cargo clamping element 9 rotates on the axis 15. The previously clamped cable now has the possibility of further movement between the brake discs. And the further the brake protrusion 13 moves away from the brake disc 3.7, i.e. the stronger the pressure on the handle 28, the less the cable is clamped in the lower part of the device and the faster the cable descends. The minimum friction and, naturally, the highest descent speed will be when the lower end of the cargo brake element 9 abuts against the limit stop 16. At this point, the calibrated hole 14 of the brake protrusion 13 will have a direction tangent to the upper end of the brake disk 3.7. Depending on the weight of the person, the maximum descent speed can range from 1.5-3.0 m / s. If you brake the drum with a cable with your other hand, gently pressing it with your hand, you can carry out a very smooth descent.

To stop the downward movement, it is enough to release the handle 28. Immediately under the influence of the weight of a person, the lower end of the plate 9 is pressed against the brake disc 3.7 and everything will return to its original state. To continue the descent, it is enough to press the handle 28 down again.

The advantages of the proposed technical solution, compared with existing devices, are as follows:

- the device is compact, has a low weight;

- the device allows the use of a steel cable wound on a drum, which can be used when descending through an open flame;

- the length of the cable on the drum can reach 300 m and above, which other rope release devices do not allow;

- the device is easy to operate;

- the principle pressed-went, released-stopped, and the harder you press, the faster you go, understandable to any person even under stress;

- the descent is carried out at a higher maximum speed, which is important when overcoming a section of open fire;

the descent is carried out at an initial zero speed, which is very important for unprepared people who are in a critical situation;

- an autonomous descent of many people can be made without the risk of getting entangled in the cables, the entire cable on the drum, there is no “tail” of the trigger means (cable);

- the device is cheap to manufacture, has no complicated parts to manufacture.

Claims (11)

1. A rescue device for lowering people, comprising a base, a brake mechanism in contact with the descent means and comprising brake elements with a semicircular concave side surface, rigidly mounted on the base, a release lever pivotally mounted on the base, and a load clamping element made in the form of a plate one end of which is provided with a hole for the carbine, containing means for fixing the cable mounted on the surface of the cargo clamping element and in contact with the means for lowering and a brake mechanism, characterized in that the device is equipped with a drum for compactly laying the means for descent, made in the form of a steel cable, and a drum rotation mechanism, which is made in the form of an elastic plate fixed at an angle on the base with the possibility of interaction with holes made around the circumference of the drum for the unwinding of the cable in only one direction, while the drum is equipped with a safety pin for fixing it; the base of the device is made in the form of two parallel mounted and rigidly interconnected plates, between which the brake mechanism is rigidly fixed, made in the form of seven profiled steel hardened discs of different diameters; the trigger lever is made in the form of two pivotally connected plates of different lengths, the long plate of which is mounted rotatably on the base coaxially with the upper disk of the brake mechanism, and the short plate is pivotally connected at one end to the short arm of the cargo clamping element pivotally mounted on the base and made in the form figured plate, the cargo clamping element is equipped with an auxiliary protrusion with a hole for the cable to regulate the unwinding of the latter, and the means for fixing the cable but in the form of a brake protrusion that is rigidly fixed to the cargo clamping element and interacting with the lower disk of the brake mechanism, wherein a calibrated cable hole is made in the brake protrusion. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that on the basis of the restrictive stop for the maximum deviation of the cargo clamping element. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the steel cable is durable, flexible, fireproof. 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the cable wound on a drum has a different length. 5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the brake discs are installed between the base plates in a checkerboard pattern. 6. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the brake protrusion of the fixation means is made of steel and hardened. 7. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the auxiliary protrusion for regulating the unwinding of the cable is made of steel and hardened. 8. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that on the axis of the upper disk of the brake mechanism is fixed an L-shaped plate with a hole for the upper end of the cable having a loop in the form of a reliably pressed thimble for mounting this device on the fixing point. 9. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the trigger lever at the end of a long plate has a handle for pressing. 10. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the drum with a cable is movably mounted on a steel axis rigidly fixed to the base. 11. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the safety pin is a ring that is movably mounted on an elastic wire folded in half with slightly spaced ends that extend into the holes on the drum and the holes in the base plates.