CN101966371A - Mechanical descent control device - Google Patents
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- CN101966371A CN101966371A CN 201010278721 CN201010278721A CN101966371A CN 101966371 A CN101966371 A CN 101966371A CN 201010278721 CN201010278721 CN 201010278721 CN 201010278721 A CN201010278721 A CN 201010278721A CN 101966371 A CN101966371 A CN 101966371A
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种逃生用设备,尤其涉及一种机械缓降器。The invention relates to an escape device, in particular to a mechanical descending device.
背景技术Background technique
目前普遍使用的救援缓降器主要有以下两类:一类是XJSl型行星轮式高层建筑缓降器,体积大,重量重,在使用时需要固定安装,不便于携带,速度不可控制,在下降过程中易出现坠落等问题。另一类是GJH型高空救生缓降器,它结构新颖紧凑、体积小、重量轻、配挂携带方便,可供消防员在高层建筑火场救生、撤离和疏散物质时使用。由于必须经过特殊训练才能使用,故难以进行民用推广。At present, the generally used rescue descending device mainly contains the following two types: one is the XJS1 planetary wheel type high-rise building descending device, which is large in size and heavy in weight. Problems such as falling are prone to occur during the descent. The other is the GJH type high-altitude life-saving descending device, which has a novel and compact structure, small size, light weight, and is easy to carry and hang. It can be used by firefighters when they save lives, evacuate and evacuate materials in high-rise building fires. Since special training is necessary to use it, it is difficult to carry out civilian promotion.
而日常生活中发生的突发灾害使人的生命财产损失惨重,许多人由于错过了最佳的逃生时间,而葬于灾难中,故亟待于有一种利于大众化的逃生工具问世,特别是能供人们从楼上安全、快速下降到地面上的装置。And the sudden disaster that takes place in the daily life makes people's life property loss heavy, and many people are buried in the disaster because of having missed the best escape time, so urgently need to have a kind of escape tool that is beneficial to popularization to come out, especially can provide A device for people to safely and quickly descend from upstairs to the ground.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是提供一种机械缓降器,其可为生活工作在高层建筑的人群提供在火灾等突发灾害中自救逃生的保障。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a mechanical descending device, which can provide protection for people who live and work in high-rise buildings to save themselves and escape in sudden disasters such as fires.
为实现上述目的,本发明采取以下设计方案:To achieve the above object, the present invention takes the following design scheme:
一种机械缓降器,其包括:A mechanical descending device comprising:
一主缓降装置,具有一上下开口的壳体,横向截面呈锥形,壳体的下端一侧壁上开有供手柄延出的孔;一连杆,位于壳体内中间;连杆的上端固定一闸皮副,下边设有一分支轴;一手柄,手柄右端通过小轴与壳体连接,手柄的左端横向延出壳体外,手柄通过分支轴与连杆垂向连接,拉动手柄时以右端小轴为支点转动,连杆同时向下运动;一绳轮,浮动在闸皮副与手柄间;在壳体上端开口处固定一对导向夹置轮,其中的一个导向夹置轮下面设一迂回导向轮;一条长承重防火绳索,围绕过绳轮,一端由一对导向夹置轮间拉出,另一端经迂回导向轮导出;A main slow-down device has a shell with upper and lower openings, the transverse section is conical, and a hole for the handle to extend is opened on the side wall of the lower end of the shell; a connecting rod is located in the middle of the shell; the upper end of the connecting rod Fix a brake leather pair, with a branch shaft below; a handle, the right end of the handle is connected to the housing through a small shaft, the left end of the handle extends out of the housing laterally, the handle is vertically connected with the connecting rod through the branch shaft, when pulling the handle, the right end The small shaft rotates as a fulcrum, and the connecting rod moves downward at the same time; a rope wheel floats between the brake pair and the handle; Roundabout guide wheel; a long load-bearing fire-proof rope is passed around the rope wheel, one end is pulled out from a pair of guide interposed wheels, and the other end is led out through the roundabout guide wheel;
在主缓降装置的壳体下端固定安装一用于悬挂人体的吊环。A suspension ring for hanging the human body is fixedly installed at the lower end of the housing of the main slow-descent device.
在绳轮的两侧壳体上还设有刹车片。Brake pads are also arranged on the two side housings of the sheave.
所述的绳轮浮动在闸皮副与手柄之间。The rope wheel floats between the brake shoe pair and the handle.
所述用于悬挂人体的吊环可以是U型吊环。The suspension ring for suspending the human body may be a U-shaped suspension ring.
本发明机械缓降器结构简单、小巧轻便、速度可控、安全可靠,便于携带和使用,制造成本较低。使用人员不需经过专门培训,遇有火灾、地震等突发灾害时可以进行有效的自救逃生。也可作为特殊人员执行特殊任务。在突发灾难时,将绳子一端固定在室内固定物上,人抓住缓降器,与缓降器合为一体,即可缓慢安全地下降至地面。The mechanical descending device of the present invention is simple in structure, compact and light, controllable in speed, safe and reliable, easy to carry and use, and has low manufacturing cost. Users do not need to undergo special training, and can carry out effective self-rescue and escape in case of sudden disasters such as fire and earthquake. It can also be used as a special person to perform special tasks. In the event of a sudden disaster, one end of the rope is fixed on an indoor fixture, and a person grasps the descending device and integrates it with the descending device to slowly and safely descend to the ground.
本发明的优点是:The advantages of the present invention are:
1、安全可靠。本发明安全系数极高,即便操作失手,也不会发生坠落,浮动的绳轮在重力的作用下会发生自锁,确保安全。1. Safe and reliable. The safety factor of the present invention is extremely high, even if the operation fails, it will not fall, and the floating sheave will self-lock under the action of gravity to ensure safety.
2、结构简单。本发明设计简单实用,结构紧凑。没有控制系统等复杂的机构。因此故障率几乎为零。2. The structure is simple. The design of the invention is simple and practical, and the structure is compact. There is no complicated mechanism such as a control system. So the failure rate is almost zero.
3、使用方便。使用者不需经过任何专业训练,只要稍微用力下拉手柄,便可缓慢下降。停止用力则会自动停止下落。用力大小与操作者的自重成正比。3. Easy to use. The user does not need any professional training, as long as the handle is slightly pulled down, the user can slowly descend. If you stop exerting force, it will automatically stop falling. The force is proportional to the operator's own weight.
4、成本低廉。本发明体积小、重量轻、零件少、结构简单,制造成本低。如成批生产采用冲压件和注塑件成本会更低。零售价可控制在五十元以下。4. Low cost. The invention has small volume, light weight, few parts, simple structure and low manufacturing cost. If stamping parts and injection molded parts are used in mass production, the cost will be lower. The retail price can be controlled below 50 yuan.
5、方便携带。由于结构紧凑,部件精简,故而占用空间少,重量轻,利于携带。5. Easy to carry. Due to its compact structure and simplified components, it occupies less space, is light in weight, and is easy to carry.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明机械缓降器结构示意图(主视图)。Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram (front view) of the mechanical descent device of the present invention.
图2为本发明机械缓降器结构示意图(侧视图)。Fig. 2 is a structural schematic diagram (side view) of the mechanical descent device of the present invention.
下面结合附图及具体实施例对本发明做进一步详细说明:Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and specific embodiment the present invention is described in further detail:
具体实施方式Detailed ways
本发明机械缓降器是针对于现有技术上的不足,立足于结构精巧、操作简单、速度可控及可在空中悬停等特点进行的发明创造。The mechanical descending device of the present invention aims at the deficiencies in the prior art and is an invention based on the characteristics of compact structure, simple operation, controllable speed and ability to hover in the air.
参阅图1、图2所示,本发明机械缓降器主要包括有主缓降装置和悬挂人体用的吊环两大部分。Referring to Fig. 1 and shown in Fig. 2, the mechanical descending device of the present invention mainly comprises two major parts of main descending device and the suspension ring that hangs the human body usefulness.
所述的主缓降装置由手柄1、壳体2、长承重防火绳索3、绳轮4、连杆5、刹车片6、自行车闸皮副7和一组导向轮8~10组合构成。The main slow-descent device is composed of a
所述的壳体2上下开口,横向截面(本实施例中,为图示的主视向截面)呈锥形,壳体的下端一侧壁上开有供手柄1延出的孔。The
所述的连杆5,通过连杆轴固定在壳体内中间;连杆的上端固定一闸皮副7(本实施例中采用了自行车闸皮副),下边设有一分支轴。Described connecting
所述的手柄1右端通过小轴与壳体连接,手柄的左端横向延出壳体外,手柄通过销轴与连杆垂向连接,拉动手柄时以右端小轴为支点转动,连杆同时向下运动。The right end of the
所述的绳轮4,浮动在一对闸皮副7与手柄1之间。The
所述的一组导向轮8~10包括一对固定在壳体上端开口处且并排紧靠的导向夹置轮8、9和位于一导向夹置轮下面的一迂回导向轮10。The set of guide wheels 8-10 includes a pair of
所述的长承重防火绳索3向上围绕过绳轮4,一端由上述的一对导向夹置轮8、9间拉出,另一端经迂回导向轮10导出,靠绳的自重而下垂。Described long load-bearing
本发明还设计在绳轮的两侧壳体上设有刹车片6。The present invention is also designed to be provided with
本发明机械缓降器在主缓降装置的壳体下方固定安装一用于悬挂人体的吊环11,可以通过吊环轴固定在壳体壁上,吊环呈U型为佳。The mechanical descending device of the present invention is fixedly installed a
在图1中,当发生火灾等突发灾害时,人可将绳的一端栓在室内的固定物(如暖气管、床腿等)上,穿上另备设的安全背带,用安全背带上的挂钩将自己挂于缓降器的U形吊环11上,从窗口爬出。此时手柄1处于水平位置,即人尚未对其施加外力。在人的自重的作用下,绳轮4向锥形壳体2小端运动,通过与两斜面上的刹车片6的作用,挤压楔紧承重防火绳索3,产生了很大的摩擦力,从而阻止绳轮4转动,实现缓降器的自锁功能。此功能保证操作者对缓降器不施加外力时,机械缓降器不会沿承重防火绳索3下降,从而保证人的安全。In Fig. 1, when sudden disasters such as fires occur, people can tie one end of the rope to indoor fixtures (such as heating pipes, bed legs, etc.), put on the safety straps that are equipped separately, and use the safety straps The hook hangs itself on the U-shaped
当人用力向下拉动手柄1时,手柄1通过连杆轴带动连杆5向下运动,通过闸皮副7使绳轮4受到向下的作用力,使得绳轮4向下运动,即向着锥形壳体2的大端方向运动,与壳体2及刹车片6间对承重防火绳索3的楔紧压力下降,摩擦力减小,使得绳轮4可以正常转动,缓降器沿承重防火绳索3以一定的加速度下降,即完成下降的功能。此时调节人对手柄1作用力的大小,就可以调整下降的速度。When a person pulls the
本发明机械缓降器的的结构设计是考虑了人体不能承受很大的速度和加速度的缘由,所以这种装置应具备减速和停止的功能,即下降速度可控。为使装置简单且方便使用,并保证安全,则设计该装置具有上述的自锁功能,通过摩擦力实现自锁。The structural design of the mechanical descending device of the present invention takes into account the reason that the human body cannot withstand large speeds and accelerations, so this device should have the functions of deceleration and stopping, that is, the descending speed is controllable. In order to make the device simple and convenient to use, and to ensure safety, the device is designed to have the above-mentioned self-locking function, and self-locking is realized by friction.
缓降器下降速度的控制,是通过自行车闸皮副7对绳轮4的作用实现的。当人用力向下拉动手柄1时,手柄1带动连杆5向下运动,连杆5带动自行车闸皮副7同时向下运动,此时自行车闸皮副7向下压浮动绳轮4,使得转动的绳轮4受到一定的摩擦力的作用,从而阻碍了绳轮4的转动,绳轮4转动速度降低,从而降低了缓降器的下降速度。由此可以控制缓降器沿着一定的速度均匀下降。The control of the descending speed of the slow descending device is realized by the effect of the bicycle
在下降过程中,当出现紧急情况时,或是因心情紧张惊慌失措而松开了手柄1,缓降器可实现自锁,停止下降,因此人就不会发生意外坠落。所以缓降器起到了安全保护的作用。During the descent, when there is an emergency, or the
本发明机械缓降器的工作原理及过程是:当机械缓降器处于非工作状态时,即人没有通过安全背带悬挂于U型吊环11上,此时手柄1处于水平位置,绳轮4浮动在闸皮副与手柄1之间,承重防火绳索可以自由运动。图1中,当发生火灾等突发灾害时,人将自己通过安全背带挂于U形吊环11上,此时绳将受很大的冲击力,从而使得绳轮4往壳体2小端运动,此时挤压承重防火绳索3,防火绳索3上产生了很大的摩擦力,用以阻碍绳轮4往下运动,即完成自锁的功能,此功能可以保证在不施加外力时,机械缓降器不会沿承重防火绳索3下降。The working principle and process of the mechanical descending device of the present invention are as follows: when the mechanical descending device is in a non-working state, that is, the person is not suspended on the
当用力向下拉动手柄1时,手柄1带动连杆5向下运动,绳轮4受到向下的作用力,使得绳轮4与壳体2对绳的压力有所下降,从而摩擦力减小,则能保证缓降器沿承重防火绳索3以一定的加速度下降,即完成下降的功能。此时调节人对手柄1作用力的大小,就可以调整下降的速度。When the
在下降过程中,当出现紧急情况时人手松开手柄1,人和缓降器就因自锁而停止下降,起到安全保护的作用。During the descent, when an emergency occurs, the hand releases the
上述各实施例可在不脱离本发明的范围下加以若干变化,故以上的说明所包含及附图中所示的结构应视为例示性,而非用以限制本发明申请专利的保护范围。The above-mentioned embodiments can be changed without departing from the scope of the present invention, so the structures included in the above description and shown in the drawings should be regarded as illustrative rather than limiting the protection scope of the patent application of the present invention.
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CN103801032A (en) * | 2012-11-10 | 2014-05-21 | 福建省连江县迅捷技术孵化有限公司 | Descent control device |
CN107510901A (en) * | 2017-08-23 | 2017-12-26 | 西安科技大学 | A kind of skyscraper emergency escape rescue rate controlling slow descending device and method |
CN108992797A (en) * | 2018-07-23 | 2018-12-14 | 安徽合众智信科技咨询有限公司 | A kind of wind tower escape device |
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CN108992797A (en) * | 2018-07-23 | 2018-12-14 | 安徽合众智信科技咨询有限公司 | A kind of wind tower escape device |
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