UA119901C2 - STRIP-COORDINATE SEEDER - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of agriculture and forestry, in particular for sowing crops and coniferous seeds. The seed drill contains a frame with a hitch mechanism, a leveler in the form of a bulldozer blade, a cylindrical furrow-forming roller with annular flanges for the formation of the base surface and seed furrows, a seed hopper with seeders and seed lines, and a wrapping mechanism. The bulldozer blade is wedge-shaped with a wedge surface in the form of a brachistochron and the width of capture is not less than the width of the tape, while the wedges are provided with a sealing sole, and the ring flanges are made with fixed movement along the axis of the furrow. In this case, on the surface of the ring flanges for the formation of seed furrows made holes with an interval of their arrangement equal to the distance between the centers of the ring flanges for the formation of seed furrows, and the furrow-forming roller and bushings of sowing machines are kinematically connected to each other. not more than the width of the seed line of sowing machines, the lower end of which is located at the level of the base surface. The wrapping mechanism is made in the form of wrappers with a wrapping surface in the form of brachystochron, and the rolling roller - in the form of a set of elastic wheels, and the width of the wrappers and elastic wheels is equal to the width of the flanges to form seed furrows.

Description

The invention belongs to agriculture and forestry, in particular to planters for sowing agricultural crops and coniferous seeds and can be used for precise sowing of various crops, for example, onions, carrots, radishes, pine seeds, spruce and other similar small seeds.

A well-known seeder for sowing small loose seeds, which includes a furrow-forming roller, a hopper for seeds with sowing devices, seed pipes and a drive mechanism (A. s. USSR Mo 1445580. Forest seeder. MPK AO1S 7/00, 1988. Byul. Mo 47) .

The disadvantage of this planter is that the entire surface of the sowing belt is rolled when the roller-furrow maker passes, and there is no reserve of loose soil necessary to cover the seeds. In addition, even a small deviation from the topography of the seed tape surface from straightness (bulge, depression) affects the depth of the grooves because there is no leveling mechanism. The lack of a rolling roller and the impossibility of using a seeder for precise coordinate sowing are also a disadvantage.

A well-known seeder containing a frame with coulters, supporting and rolling wheels, sowing sections are attached to the frame, which include a hopper for seed material, a housing and a sowing device, an optical sensor and a tracking device (Patent KO Me 2363131. Square-nest seeder. IPK AOS 7/18, 10/08/2009).

The disadvantage of the seeder is the complexity of the design with a large number of interacting links with the use of expensive and complex electromagnetic and optical equipment, and the impossibility of sowing small-seeded crops with a small distance between the seeds due to the use of a seeding device with a vertical axis of rotation and displacement of the soil with wedge-shaped coulters. In addition, this seeder provides square-nest, not square-point sowing. Another disadvantage of the seeder is the lack of a leveling mechanism and the impossibility of using it for precise coordinate sowing.

A well-known coordinate seeding planter, which contains a frame with support and rolling wheels, sowing sections are attached to the frame, which include a hopper for seed material, a body and a point seeding device (Ukrainian patent for a utility model Mo 116566. Coordinate sowing planter. IPK AO1C 7/ 04; AO1C 7/18. Bull. Mo 10, 2017).

The disadvantage of the seeder is the uneven distribution of the seed material over the field surface

Due to the rolling of the seeds in the furrow relative to its axis and the displacement of the soil by wedge-shaped coulters. Also, the lack of a leveling mechanism is a disadvantage of the planter. Therefore, we have seed material with an offset relative to the axis of the row, which does not ensure point coordinate placement of the seed material on the vertices of the square, especially with a small coordinate parameter, for example, 5 cm. Also, soil rolling is carried out over the entire surface of the seed, which reduces the uniformity of seed compaction with the soil.

The well-known seeder, selected as a prototype, contains a frame with a hitch mechanism, a leveler in the form of a bulldozer blade, a cylindrical furrow-forming roller with annular flanges for the formation of a base surface and sowing grooves, a seed hopper with sowing devices and seed pipes, a wrapping mechanism and a rolling roller (VO Me Patent 2347346.

The seeder is good for forest nurseries. IPK AO1TS 7/00, Bul. May 6, 2009).

The disadvantage of the prototype is the uneven distribution of the seed material on the surface of the field (sowing tape), due to the rolling of the seeds in the furrow relative to its axis. Therefore, we have seed material with an offset relative to the axis of the row, which does not ensure a point coordinate placement of the seed material on the vertices of the square. The leveler in the form of a bulldozer blade does not ensure reliable leveling of the sowing surface. The rolling of the soil is carried out over the entire sowing surface, which reduces the homogeneity of the seed compaction with the soil.

Also, the disadvantage of the seeder is the impossibility of using it for precise coordinate sowing, because the ring flanges are rigidly fixed on the furrow-forming roller.

In order to implement coordinate farming, which is characterized by the localization of soil processing from its preparation to sowing to harvesting, it is necessary to solve one important task: to ensure the location of plants on a coordinate grid. Without this, coordinated crop production is basically impossible. Therefore, means for sowing are needed, which ensure individual coordination of the sown seeds with respect to the soil.

Therefore, the technical problem solved by the claimed invention is to increase the yield and homogeneity of the seed crop due to the more uniform use of the feeding area, the volume of the soil and the air medium per unit area of the sown crop, using a seeder for coordinate point sowing of the seed material along the tops of the squares .

The task is solved by the fact that the seeder of belt-coordinate sowing, which contains a frame with a hinge mechanism, a leveler in the form of a bulldozer blade, a cylindrical furrow-forming roller with annular flanges for the formation of the base surface and sowing grooves, a seed hopper with sowing devices and seed pipes, a wrapping mechanism and rolling roller, according to the invention, the bulldozer blade is wedge-shaped with the surface of the wedges in the form of a brachystochrone and the grip width is not less than the width of the tape, while the wedges are equipped with a sealing sole, and the ring flanges are made with the possibility of fixed movement along the axis of the furrow-forming roller, while on the surface of the ring flanges for the formation of sowing grooves, hole formers are made with an interval of their arrangement equal to the distance between the centers of the ring flanges for the formation of sowing grooves, and the furrow-forming roller and the bushings of the sowing devices are kinematically connected to each other, and the flanges for the formation of sowing grooves is made with a width no greater than the width of the seed duct of the sowing apparatus, the lower end of which is located at the level of the base surface, while the wrapping mechanism is made in the form of wrappers with a wrapping surface in the form of a brachistochron, and the rolling roller is in the form of a set of elastic wheels, and the width of the wrappers and elastic wheels equal to the width of the rib for the formation of sowing grooves.

The bulldozer blade is wedge-shaped with the surface of the wedges in the form of a brachistochrone and the grip width is not less than the width of the belt, while the wedges are equipped with a sealing sole, which ensures, with minimal friction costs, the displacement of soil clods together with the dried soil layer outside the sowing belt and the leveling of the surface of the sowing belt and creates a compacted sowing surface for high-quality sowing of seeds.

The ring flanges are made with the possibility of fixed movement along the axis of the furrow-forming roller, while on the surface of the ring flanges for the formation of sowing furrows, hole formers are made with the interval of their arrangement, equal to the distance between the centers of the ring flanges for the formation of seed furrows, and the furrow-forming roller and the bushings of the sowing devices are kinematically connected are connected to each other, and the edges for the formation of sowing grooves are made with a width no larger than the width of the seed duct of the seeding devices, the lower end of which is located at the level of the base surface, which allows obtaining an accurate square coordinate grid due to the fixed location of the holes in the middle of the bottom of the grooves and allows spot sowing of seed material in the vertices of the squares by the account

From the formation of holes.

The wrapping mechanism is made in the form of wrappers with a wrapping surface in the form of a brachystochrone, and the rolling roller is in the form of a set of elastic wheels, and the width of the wrappers and elastic wheels is equal to the width of the reboard for the formation of sowing grooves, which increases the accuracy of coordinate sowing, the yield and uniformity of the agricultural crop due to more uniform rolling.

The signs specified in the distinguishing part prove that the claimed belt-coordinate seed drill meets the "novelty" criterion. The set of features given in the comparison of the properties of the proposed belt-coordinate sowing planter and known solutions gives reason to conclude that the belt-coordinate sowing planter meets the "inventive level" criterion.

The essence of the invention is explained by the drawings, where fig. 1 shows the scheme of the seeder, side view; in fig. 2 - scheme of the planter, top view; in fig. 3 - scheme of formation of the base surface, furrows, strips of loose soil by roller furrow former; in fig. 4 - top view of fig. 3; in fig. 5 - view A in fig. 1; in fig. 6 - section A-A fig. 2 fig. 5; in fig. 7 - final planting of seeds by rolling to the level of the base surface.

The seeder of belt-coordinate sowing contains a frame 1 (fig. 1, 2), with supporting wheels 2 (fig. 1, 2) and a hanging mechanism Z (fig. 1, 2). The wedge-shaped leveler 4 (fig. 2), furrow-forming roller 5 (fig. 1, 2, 3) with a drive sprocket from the support wheels 2, seed hopper 6 (fig. 1, 2) are sequentially placed on the frame (fig. 1). with sowing devices 7 (Fig. 1), seed conduits 8 (Fig. 1), wrappers 9 (Fig. 1, 2, 5, 6) and rolling elastic wheels 10 (Fig. 1, 2, 5).

The drive sprocket of the furrow forming roller 5 is kinematically connected to the shaft of the sowing machines 7 by means of a chain transmission.

The wedge-shaped leveler 4 is made with the surface of the wedges 11 (Fig. 2) in the form of a brachystochrone and the grip width is not less than the width of the tape A, while the wedges are equipped with a sealing sole 12 (Fig. 2).

The furrow forming roller 5 contains a cylindrical roller 13 (Fig. 3) with an outer diameter Ok, annular flanges for forming the base surface 14 (Fig. 2, 3, 4, 7) and 15 (Fig. 3, 4) (extreme flanges) with with the outer diameter of the seeding grooves 16 (Fig. 2, 3) with the outer diameter

Opb. The annular flanges 14, 15 and 16 are made with the possibility of fixed movement along the axis of the furrow-forming roller 5 (for example, with the help of locking screws), while on the surface of the annular flanges 16, for the formation of sowing grooves, hole formers 17 (Fig. 1, 2, 3) with the interval of their arrangement B, equal to the distance between the centers of the ring flanges 16 for the formation of sowing furrows, and the furrow-forming roller 5 and the bushings of the sowing devices 7 are kinematically connected to each other. Ribs 16 for the formation of sowing grooves are made with a width Nb not greater than the width of the seed duct 8 of the sowing devices 7, the lower end of which is located at the level of the base surface 18 (Fig. 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7). The width of the ring flanges 14 for the formation of the base surface is equal to Nbp-B-2Nb, and the width of the extreme flanges Nk-0.5Nbp.

The width of the sowing belt А-Вп, where n is the number of ring ribs for the formation of sowing grooves.

The wrapping mechanism is made in the form of wrappers 9 with a wrapping surface 19 (Fig. 1, 5) in the form of a brachistochrone. The width of the wrappers 9 Nz and elastic wheels 10 Npk is equal to the width of the reboard 16 Nb for the formation of sowing grooves Nze-Npk-HO.

The seeder works as follows.

For the specified coordinate size B of the sowing, the appropriate number of ring flanges 14, 15 and 16 with the specified dimensions of the width Nb are installed and fixed on the cylindrical roller 13,

Nbep and Nk.

The seed hopper 6 is loaded with seeds and the necessary seeding rate is set kinematically with the help of a chain transmission.

When the seeder moves, the leveler 4 aligns the surface of the tape and moves the surface of the wedges 11, made in the form of a brachistochrone, the soil clods together with the dried layer of soil outside the sowing tape A (on the technological track formed by the tractor). The brachistochronous surface of the wedges 11 ensures the leveling of the surface of the sowing belt with minimal friction costs, and the sealing sole of the wedges 12 creates a compacted sowing surface. The furrow forming roller 5 with the help of ring flanges 14, 15 and 16 is pressed into

The base surface 18, sowing grooves 20 (Fig. 5, 6) and strips of loose soil 21 (Fig. 1, 5, 6) are formed from the soil. Hole formers 17 are installed on the flanges 16 to form seed grooves 20, which form conical holes 22. Thus, the furrow forming roller 5 forms holes 22 in the seed grooves 20 (Fig. 1, 4, 5, 6, 7), placing them in the tops of coordinate squares with the side ХВХ at the depth B, equal to the depth of seed wrapping.

The rotary bushings of the seeding devices 7 grab the seeds 23 (Fig. 1, 5, 6, 7) from the seed hopper 6 and along the seed duct 8 direct them exactly into the holes 22, located coordinately at the bottom of the grooves 20. The wrappers 9, moving along the base surface 18, with its sole - with a knife, strips of loose soil 21 are cut at the level of this surface, and with the wrapping surface 19 in the form of a brachistochrona, grooves 20 and holes 22 are filled with seeds 23 without disturbing their coordinate placement (Fig. 7). The execution of the wrapping surfaces 19 in the form of a brachystochrone provides, with minimal friction costs, movement of the soil along the wrapping surface 19 and high-quality backfilling of the grooves 20. Then, rolling the elastic wheels 10, the width of which is equal to the width of the grooves 20, qualitatively compacts the loose soil in the area of the grooves 20 to the level of the same base surface 18.

Thus, the seeder ensures an increase in the accuracy of the coordinate placement of seeds, the depth of sowing, as well as the quality of their laying, because the holes located at the bottom of the grooves ensure that the seeds fall in coordinately with a given interval, and the volume of soil used to wrap the seeds in the previously left in special strips in a loose state, fully corresponds to the volume of the grooves. The rolling of only the groove zones with the wheels provides the seeds with full contact with the soil, which, in combination with the compacted bottom of the grooves, contributes to quick rooting, friendly seedlings and active growth.

The use of a seeder of belt-coordinate sowing allows you to place plants more evenly over the field area, to ensure optimal conditions for growth and illumination and, due to this, to increase their degree of productive growth (trubbing) and, most importantly, to ensure a high degree of uniformity with maximum yield and to reduce, thus thus, the costs of commercial processing (sorting, calibration) of the harvested crop.

Claims (1)

FORMULA OF THE INVENTION A seeder of belt-coordinate sowing, containing a frame with a hinge mechanism, a leveler in the form of a bulldozer blade, a cylindrical furrow-forming roller with annular flanges for the formation of a base surface and sowing grooves, a seed hopper with sowing devices and seed ducts, a wrapping mechanism and a rolling roller, which differs in that the bulldozer blade is wedge-shaped with the surface of the wedges in the form of a brachystochrone and the grip width is not less than the width of the tape, while the wedges are equipped with a sealing sole, and the ring flanges are made with the possibility of fixed movement along the axis of the furrow-forming roller, while on the surface of the ring flanges for formation of seed furrows, hole formers are made with an interval of their arrangement equal to the distance between the centers of the ring flanges for the formation of seed furrows, and the furrow-forming roller and the bushings of the sowing devices are kinematically connected to each other, and the flanges for the formation of seed furrows the groove is made with a width no larger than the width of the seed duct of the seeding devices, the lower end of which is located at the level of the base surface, while the wrapping mechanism is made in the form of wrappers with a wrapping surface in the form of a brachystochrone, and the rolling roller is in the form of a set of elastic wheels, and the width of the wrappers and elastic wheels is equal to the width of the rib for the formation of sowing grooves. and Shva Khushya and g. s nei s : r: , ; I've been running since 7 years old With h. I ! ah 7 y y y v sha DYN ry 7 t y y 7 chai i 7 EI A y y t | х чу ше 5, у, ЧЕ N I і я s y і h у A ny z і 3 E V sya glo p M M OV ih je I х хх Ko y х U / A ran xx ak y u M I: х x / S a m nn V el a ee Fig. 1