UA118149U - METHOD OF IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF GROWING PLANT PRODUCTS - Google Patents

Abstract

A method of increasing the efficiency of crop production involves selecting crops and effective varieties and hybrids, preparing the soil for sowing, sowing seeds, caring for crops, and harvesting. Seed sowing is done in a mixed way, both by area, while several species of agricultural plants grow simultaneously in the same field within the range of root development, and at the time when different crops change several times on the same field during one season.

Description

A useful model belongs to the methods of growing agricultural crops.

There are well-known and widely used methods in modern agriculture for increasing the efficiency of growing plant products due to scientifically based structures of sown areas for different soil and climatic conditions ||, the use of intensive technologies for growing agricultural crops |2, З), introduction of promising varieties of agricultural plants |4)І , the use of different tillage systems (51, the introduction of scientifically based systems of fertilization of fields; measures to combat weeds, diseases and pests of agricultural crops; systems of reclamation measures and protection of soils from wind erosion (6), the use of the latest complexes of machines for growing agricultural crops (7,8). In fact, all of the mentioned methods of increasing the efficiency of growing plant products include preparing the soil for sowing, choosing a culture and effective varieties or hybrids for certain production conditions, sowing seeds, caring for crops and harvesting (bi.

In modern conditions of production, agrarians are forced to optimize their actions according to known methods of cultivation for profit by reducing the variety of crop rotations, increasing the rates of mineral fertilizers, stimulants, and chemical preparations to protect plants from weeds, pests, and diseases. But this, in turn, leads to the depletion of soils and a decrease in the quality of cultivated plant products.

According to the similarity of features, method |b| is taken as a prototype.

The basis of the useful model is the task of increasing the efficiency of growing plant products due to scientifically based biologization of all components of growing agricultural crops.

To solve the problem in the known method of growing plant products, which includes the selection of agricultural crops and effective varieties or hybrids, soil preparation for sowing, sowing seeds, care for crops and harvesting, according to a useful model, sowing seeds is carried out in a mixed way as per area , when several types of agricultural plants grow simultaneously on the same field within the range of root systems development, and when during one season different crops replace each other several times on the same field.

З The proposed method of increasing the efficiency of crop production is implemented as follows.

In accordance with the direction of economic activity, a set of types and varieties of agricultural crops agrobiologically favorable for joint cultivation is selected.

For example, in vegetable farms, mixed sowing of cucumber seeds in one row with a diluted rate of soybean seeds, in one field within the range of development of their root systems, will ensure not only shading of cucumbers in hot weather, and full provision of nitrogen fertilizers, but also obtaining high-quality, environmentally friendly production of both cucumbers and soybeans, the cost of which is much higher than under intensive cultivation technologies. At the same time, as a minimum, both soil fertility and the environment are preserved, and in most cases they improve.

In grain-oriented farms, spring sowing of thinned seedlings of winter wheat with barley seeds not only does not reduce the yield of wheat, but also significantly increases the yield of barley, even under unfavorable weather conditions. Harvesting of compatible crops (grain ears) of grain crops is carried out in a traditional way, and with effective separation (cleaning), high-quality winter wheat grain is obtained, which is especially important in some years, and high-quality barley grain, or without separation, a high yield of grain ears - high-quality fodder grain

In grain-oriented farms, for example, combined sowing of pea and white mustard seeds is effective. Such crops do not smell of peas, but of mustard, and traditional pea pests bypass such fields, allowing to grow high yields of ecologically clean peas and mustard.

When potatoes and white mustard are grown together (reduced seeding rate), mustard plants not only partially shade potato crops on hot days, but also repel Colorado beetles, ensuring high yields of ecologically clean potatoes and mustard.

When growing fodder crops that provide high yields of green mass not only rich in vitamins, trace elements and amino acids, but also substances that regulate the consumption and digestibility of feed, animal productivity and the quality of animal products (for example, the fat content of milk), affect the health of animals and the function their reproduction is particularly effective by sowing seeds in a mixed way by area, when several types of agricultural plants grow simultaneously on one field within the range of the development of root systems, for example: barley, oats, peas and vetch; winter rye and winter vetch; corn, sorghum and soybeans, etc.

The joint cultivation of several crops requires the simultaneous sowing of their seeds, but due to the justified biologicalization of all components, it reduces the number of crop care operations: it includes partially inter-row cultivation (the inter-rows are shaded), feeding and protection of plants (plants complement and protect each other), which ensures high-quality harvests production of several species at the same time from one field while preserving the fertility of the soil and the environment.

Even more effective cultivation of plant products due to mixed crops in time, when during one season different crops replace each other several times on the same field. For example, after sunflower (instead of sowing spring wheat, which only under favorable conditions give a yield of 30-40 t/ha), sow, for example, spring wheat with buckwheat, the vegetative mass of which will be absorbed into the soil, and sow winter wheat in autumn, which will ensure not only an increased yield of ecologically clean grain, and restoration of soil fertility in a year.

In vegetable farms, after harvesting lettuce, onions, garlic and other early crops, plant potatoes on the surface of the field and cover them with a layer of mulch, then in the fall we will get a good harvest of potatoes both for seeds and for food purposes with much lower costs (there is no Colorado potato beetle, summer the heat is over, the autumn rains are quite enough for the formation of a high harvest).

Thus, only due to the change of one operation in the known technologies for growing plant products, namely sowing seeds in a mixed way, both in area and in time, and scientific biologization of all component technologies, the cultivation of a larger number of types of plant products on the same sown area is ensured. a larger volume of production, to obtain products of higher quality, and often ecologically clean, with a significant reduction in the application rates of mineral fertilizers, chemical stimulants, and preparations for plant protection against weeds and pests. At the same time, the fertility of the soil and the environment are preserved, at a minimum.

The proposed method of growing plant products is suitable for wide implementation in agriculture, provided that existing planters of both domestic and foreign production are modernized.

З In the sources of information, a method of increasing the efficiency of growing plant products with the features proposed by the authors has not been found, so we ask you to provide him with legal protection.

Sources of information: 1. Fundamentals of agriculture and crop production / Sub. ed. V.S. Niklyaeva. - M.: Agropromizdat. 1990. - 479 p. 2. Mazorenko D.I., Maznev G.E., Melnyk Si. etc. Technological maps and costs for growing agricultural crops with different resource support. - Kharkiv: KP

Drukarnia, 2006. - Ме13-727 6. 3. Intensive technologies for cultivation of agricultural crops / Edited by. G.V.

Koreneva - M.: Agropromizdat. 1988. - 301 p. 4. Horticulture / Ed. PP. Vavilov. - M.: Agropromizdat. 1986. - 512 p. 5. Mazorenko D.I., Pastukhov V.I., Bakum M.V. etc. Analysis and forecasts of the use of main tillage systems / Avtdvor. 2012, Mo 1 (106) - pp. 16-17. 6. Fireev I.P., Soloviev A.M., Rasputin O.A. and others. Plant production production technology. - M.: Agropromizdat. 1989. - 4326. 7. Maznev G.S., Turchenko M.M., Shchediny M.D. Economic justification of engineering solutions in the field of agriculture. - Kharkiv, 2001. - 401 p. 8. The system of technical and technological support for the production of plant products /Editor. V.V.Adamchuk, M.I.Hrytyshyn. - K.: Agrarian science, 2012.-416bs.

Claims (1)

USEFUL MODEL FORMULA A method of increasing the efficiency of cultivation of plant products, which includes the selection of agricultural crops and effective varieties and hybrids, soil preparation for sowing, sowing of seeds, care of crops and harvesting, which is distinguished by the fact that sowing of seeds is carried out in a mixed way both by area, while several types of agricultural plants grow simultaneously on one field within the range of development of root systems, as well as during the time when different crops replace each other several times in one field during one season.