TWI849019B - 包含可切換裝置的鑲嵌玻璃、積層結構及用於製造鑲嵌玻璃的方法 - Google Patents

包含可切換裝置的鑲嵌玻璃、積層結構及用於製造鑲嵌玻璃的方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
TWI849019B
TWI849019B TW108146150A TW108146150A TWI849019B TW I849019 B TWI849019 B TW I849019B TW 108146150 A TW108146150 A TW 108146150A TW 108146150 A TW108146150 A TW 108146150A TW I849019 B TWI849019 B TW I849019B
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Taiwan
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substrate
adhesive
layer
glass
sheet
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TW108146150A
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English (en)
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TW202103940A (zh
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瑞納 尼夫
麥克 強吉
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德商馬克專利公司
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    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
    • B32B17/10045—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets with at least one intermediate layer consisting of a glass sheet
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    • B32B17/10082—Properties of the bulk of a glass sheet
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    • G02F2202/00—Materials and properties
    • G02F2202/28—Adhesive materials or arrangements

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
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Abstract

本發明提出一種鑲嵌玻璃(10)，其包含可切換光學裝置(26)。可切換光學裝置(26)具有層體結構，其以此次序包含第一基板(12)、可切換層(18)及第二基板(24)。另外，第一基板(12)及第二基板(24)中之至少一者藉助於膠帶(40)或光學澄清黏著劑(48)附接至其他薄片(30)。 本發明之其他態樣係關於一種積層結構及一種包含此類鑲嵌玻璃(10)之絕緣鑲嵌玻璃單元以及一種用於製造此類鑲嵌玻璃(10)之方法。

Description

包含可切換裝置的鑲嵌玻璃、積層結構及用於製造鑲嵌玻璃的方法
本發明係關於一種鑲嵌玻璃，其包含具有層體結構之可切換光學裝置，該層體結構以此次序包括第一基板、可切換層及第二基板。本發明之其他態樣係關於一種積層結構及包含此類鑲嵌玻璃之絕緣鑲嵌玻璃單元以及一種用於製造此類鑲嵌玻璃之方法。
R.Baetens等人之評論文章「Properties,requirements and possibilities of smart windows for dynamic daylight and solar energy control in buildings：A state-of-the-art review」,Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells 94(2010)第87-105頁描述可著色智慧型窗。智慧型窗可利用用於調變光之透射率之若干技術，諸如基於電致變色之裝置、液晶裝置及電泳或懸浮粒子裝置。基於液晶之裝置採用藉由施加引起改變液晶分子透射率之電場而發生之該等液晶分子在兩個導電電極之間之定向的變化。
基於液晶之裝置通常以此次序包含第一基板層、可切換層及第二基板層。可切換層包含至少一種液晶材料。兩個基板塗佈有透明電極以允許藉助於電場控制可切換層。
在智慧型窗中，用於調變光之透射率的裝置(在下文中稱為可切換光學裝置)通常積層至載體玻璃薄片以用於保護可切換光學裝置且用於機械剛性。在此積層製程中，玻璃薄片藉助於熱塑性間層黏結至可切換光學裝置之基板。在積層製程中，間層佈置於載體玻璃薄片與至少一個可切換光學裝置之間。在通常涉及施加熱量及/或高壓之後續處理中，至少一個薄片、間層及可切換光學元件經黏結。
文獻WO 2015/158364 A1描述用於將交通工具內部與外部環境分開之積層玻璃。積層玻璃包含由厚度為0.1mm至0.4mm之玻璃製成之內片、厚度為1.0至1.8mm之玻璃之外片及將內片連接至外片之熱塑性中間層。
文件DE 10 2017 203 627 A1揭示包含第一板元件、第一連接層、液晶層、第二連接層及第二板元件之應變性積層板元件。藉助於積層將第一及第二板元件積層至液晶層。較佳地，PVB或EVA薄片用作連接層。
EP 2 965 903 A1揭示可切換窗，尤其用於飛機、直升機或宇宙飛行器。該窗包含外片構造及具有電可切換膜之內片構造。內片構造可實現為懸浮粒子裝置(SPD)電鉻積層板。此類積層板包含內部薄片、電可切換膜及外部薄片。內部及外部薄片較佳由聚碳酸酯(PC)、PMMA或玻璃製成，且藉助於間層積層至可切換膜。間層之材料可為呈箔片形式之聚胺基甲酸酯(PU)、聚乙烯醇縮丁醛(PVB)或乙烯乙酸乙烯酯(EVA)。
需要使用薄基板以允許減小功能性鑲嵌玻璃堆疊之厚度，其允許更高設計靈活性。
本發明之一個目標為提供一種鑲嵌玻璃，其可以具有高良率之簡單製程製造。
提出一種鑲嵌玻璃，其包含可切換光學裝置。可切換光學裝置具有層體結構，其以此次序包含第一基板、可切換層及第二基板。另外，第一基板及第二基板中之至少一者藉助於膠帶或光學澄清黏著劑附接至其他薄片。
當前認識到，積層對於薄玻璃通常為困難的且因此良率可為低的。當在積層製程中使用諸如液晶單元之(薄)功能性可切換光學裝置時，甚至更困難。機械應力可歸因於通常涉及高達12巴之壓力及大約120℃至140℃之溫度的製程條件而為高的。其中施加高溫及高壓之時間跨度亦可為一個問題。通常，施加高溫及高壓持續約20分鐘。
可切換層較佳為液晶基層，其較佳包含摻雜染料之液晶層、聚合物穩定對掌性液晶層及聚合物分散液晶層中之至少一者。
較佳地，可切換層之狀態係使用藉助於兩個電極施加之電場來控制。電極較佳為以塗層形式佈置於第一及第二基板層上之透明電極。通常，將塗層施加至基板層面向切換層之側。
可切換層包含液晶介質。液晶介質之狀態係藉由藉助於兩個電極施加之電場來控制。較佳地，基於液晶之元件額外包含位於第一基板及/或第二基板上之配向層。配向層較佳佈置於面向可切換層之側上。若電極亦位於各別基板上，則配向層較佳佈置於電極上，使得配向層與可切換層直接接觸。配向膜可例如為在配向方向上摩擦的聚醯亞胺層。
較佳地，可切換光學裝置之層體結構以此次序包含第一基板、第一電極層、第一配向層、可切換層、第二配向層、第二電極層及第 二基板。
可切換光學裝置具有至少兩個切換狀態。切換狀態可例如包括澄清及透明狀態、暗態、混濁狀態及此等狀態中之至少兩者之混合物。
可切換層之兩個基板及液晶介質經佈置為單元，其中液晶介質置放於由兩個基板形成之間隙中。間隙之大小較佳為1μm至300μm，較佳為3μm至100μm，且更佳為5μm至100μm，且最佳為10μm至50μm。單元通常藉助於位於或接近邊緣之膠合線密封。
為維持切換層之適當厚度，可將間隔件包括於切換層之單元間隙內。通常，間隔件具有直徑在單元間隙範圍內的球形形狀。舉例而言，可使用具有由聚合物或玻璃製成之具有預定直徑之球形形狀的非導電間隔件。在一些實施例中，提供黏性間隔件(亦即，具有一些固有黏著特徵以較佳黏著於表面的間隔件)可為有用的。亦可適用於使用黑色間隔件，例如以避免或最小化非所要漏光。在一些實施例中，使用黑色及黏性之間隔件可為尤其有益的。或者，可藉由其他適合構件，例如藉由使用管柱間隔件設定或維持單元厚度。亦可形成管柱間隔件，得到隔室。
可切換光學裝置之可切換層包含液晶介質。將液晶介質定義為具有液晶之特性之材料。典型的液晶介質包含至少一種具有細長棒狀分子之組合物。結合本發明使用之液晶介質在單元中具有至少兩種狀態。使用由施加於兩個電極之間的AC驅動電壓產生之電場來控制液晶介質之狀態。
可切換光學裝置之第一及/或第二基板為較佳地光學透明的。術語光學透明意謂材料對於可見光譜範圍(約380nm至780nm)中之 光為透明的且材料基本上無混濁度。術語光學澄清在此項技術中用於指對可見光譜範圍中之光透明且基本上不改變視覺外觀以使得其基本上無混濁度之黏著劑。
較佳地，第一基板及/或第二基板之厚度在0.05mm至1.1mm範圍內。更佳地，厚度在0.5mm至0.7mm範圍內。較佳地，第一基板及第二基板兩者具有在該較佳或更佳範圍內之厚度。
較佳地，第一基板及/或第二基板為無鹼玻璃或化學強化玻璃。
適合的無鹼玻璃包括硼矽酸鹽玻璃或鋁矽酸鹽玻璃，其在玻璃配方中具有低鹼含量或甚至無鹼含量。舉例而言，此類玻璃可以商標Eagle 2000玻璃或EAGLE XG細長玻璃購自Corning，及以商標AF32或BOROFLOAT購自Schott。
舉例而言，適合的化學強化玻璃可以商標Gorilla購自Corning，及以商標Dragontrail購自Asahi Glass Corporation(AGC)。
較佳地，其他薄片為其他可切換光學裝置之基板。
另外或替代地，其他薄片為光學透明玻璃薄片或光學透明聚合物薄片。可例如使用其他玻璃薄片以便向鑲嵌玻璃提供進一步機械強度。
較佳地，其他薄片之厚度在2mm至10mm範圍內，其中2mm至6mm範圍為更佳的。
用於其他薄片之適合材料包括適合作為基板中之一者的材料。另外，可使用其他玻璃，例如鹼石灰玻璃，或聚合物材料，其較佳為光學透明的。
用於其他薄片之適合的玻璃材料包括例如浮法玻璃或下拉法玻璃。玻璃亦可經受預加工步驟，如回火、韌化及/或塗佈或濺鍍。玻璃可為例如鹼石灰玻璃、硼矽酸鹽玻璃或鋁矽酸鹽玻璃。
適合聚合物包括例如聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)、聚碳酸酯(PC)、聚對苯二甲酸伸乙酯(PET)及三乙酸纖維素(TAC)。
可切換光學裝置藉助於光學澄清黏著劑或膠帶附接至其他薄片。若使用膠帶，則膠帶可經組態為單層光學澄清黏著材料。或者，膠帶經組態為包含第一黏著層、載體層及第二黏著層的雙面膠帶。膠帶之所有層較佳為光學澄清的。
適合的雙面膠帶可以命名第5610號及第5610BN號購自Nitto Denko。此等膠帶為0.10mm厚的雙面膠帶，其由塗佈有丙烯酸黏著劑之聚酯膜基底組成。
較佳地，可切換光學裝置及/或其他可切換光學裝置為選自以下之液晶裝置：摻雜染料之扭轉向列、超扭轉向列、垂直排列型或聚合物穩定之膽固醇織構(cholesteric texture)裝置。裝置可包括其他功能層，諸如彩色濾光片及/或偏光器。
包含偏光層及切換層之光學切換裝置之實例揭示於EP 3 260 913 A1中。切換層包含液晶材料及二向色染料化合物。切換層包含亮態及暗態。
在具有垂直排列型液晶層的裝置中，液晶分子經定向以使得指向矢(director)垂直於層體結構的平面。因此，液晶層的預傾斜角為約90°。預傾斜角可藉助於配向層受影響。可例如藉由在聚醯亞胺配向層中併入多面體寡聚倍半矽氧烷(POSS)奈米粒子來達成約90°之預傾斜角。 舉例而言，用於控制預傾斜角之此及其他方法描述於出版物「Controlling the Alignment of Polyimide for Liquid Crystal Devices」，Shie-Chang Jeng及Shug-June Hwang，2012年12月19日，DOI 10.5772/53457中。較佳地，可使用聚合物穩定之垂直配向(PS-VA)。
與使用該等黏著劑中之一者相比，積層涉及使用熱塑性或彈性間層且需要在通常約20分鐘之時間跨度內施加熱量及壓力。
就積層而言，將間層佈置於待接合之兩個元件之間且在涉及施加熱量及/或高壓的後續處理中，兩個元件及間層經黏結。當諸如離聚物(ionoplast)、乙烯乙酸乙烯酯(EVA)、聚乙烯醇縮丁醛(PVB)或熱塑性聚胺甲酸酯(TPU)之間層在無壓力及熱量之情況下施加時，其不具有黏著特性。
與可切換光學裝置結合需要避免高溫，此係因為在高溫下加工裝置可損壞裝置且因此減少良率。
與積層相比，膠帶的黏著層為黏性的且在室溫(約15℃至30℃)下且在不施加高壓的情況下具有黏著特性。另外，與積層相比，光學澄清黏著劑以膠帶或液體之形式提供且不需要施加熱量及壓力以用於黏結。然而，在一些情況下，施加一些平緩加熱或平緩壓力可進一步增強或加速黏著。
較佳地，光學澄清黏著劑及/或膠帶之黏著劑係選自丙烯酸黏著劑或聚矽氧黏著劑。
較佳地，光學澄清黏著劑提供為首先施加至基板及/或其他薄片之液體。在後續步驟中，將兩個部件黏結在一起且液體光學澄清黏著劑例如藉助於UV輻射固化。另外，經黏結之基板及其他薄片可例如藉助 於滾筒按壓以便移除任何殘餘空氣。
適合之液體澄清光學黏著劑為基於丙烯酸酯之黏著劑或基於聚矽氧之黏著劑。舉例而言，適合的基於丙烯酸酯之黏著劑可以商標Loctite 3195購自Henkel。舉例而言，適合的基於聚矽氧之黏合劑可以商標Loctite 5192DM購自Henkel。
適合之光學澄清膠帶為例如丙烯酸膠帶。適合之光學澄清膠帶例如可以商標5417SA購自Sekisui Chemical GmbH及以商標tesa 69401購自Tesa SE。
較佳地，光學澄清黏著劑或膠帶之折射率及/或熱膨脹係數經選擇以對應於或匹配於第一基板或第二基板之各別特性。
較佳地，若差異小於20%、更佳小於10%且最佳小於5%，則折射率及/或熱膨脹係數視為對應或匹配基板之各別特性。較佳地，參數匹配鑲嵌玻璃之操作溫度。鑲嵌玻璃之操作溫度較佳在-20℃至70℃範圍內。
使用光學澄清黏著劑或膠帶可有利地引起可見光之有利或改良透射率，例如對於具有400nm之波長的光，尤其當與使用諸如PVB之積層材料相比時。此意謂可有利地增加可獲自光學裝置與鑲嵌玻璃之切換狀態之間的切換之總體光學對比度或透射擺動。
較佳地，鑲嵌玻璃之層體結構圍繞可切換層對稱。在另一實施例中，鑲嵌玻璃之層體結構圍繞可切換層實質上對稱。
在此類對稱組態中，其包含例如嵌入於第一玻璃薄片與第二玻璃薄片之間的可切換光學裝置，最小化可引起結構之彎曲的機械應力。
在本發明之另一態樣中，提供一種包含鑲嵌玻璃中之一者的積層結構。在所提出之積層結構中，鑲嵌玻璃藉助於間層積層至玻璃薄片或其他可切換光學裝置。
對於積層，間層佈置於第一或第二基板與玻璃薄片之間。在涉及施加熱量及高壓之後續處理中，使各別基板、間層及玻璃薄片黏結。
適合之積層薄片包括例如離聚物、乙烯乙酸乙烯酯(EVA)、聚乙烯醇縮丁醛(PVB)或熱塑性聚胺甲酸酯(TPU)。
適合之離聚物可以商標SentryGlas獲得。
在一較佳實施例中，積層薄片，尤其是面向朝向外部的最外片之PVB層，額外提供UV保護。
在本發明之另一態樣中，提供一種絕緣鑲嵌玻璃單元，其包含所描述之鑲嵌玻璃中之至少一者及/或所描述之積層結構中之至少一者。
絕緣鑲嵌玻璃單元進一步包含界定用於熱絕緣之空腔之間隔件。另外，絕緣鑲嵌玻璃單元可包含額外玻璃薄片。另外，可提供固持鑲嵌玻璃、間隔件及額外玻璃薄片之框架。
鑲嵌玻璃、積層結構及/或絕緣鑲嵌玻璃單元較佳可用作建築物或交通工具之窗。
鑲嵌玻璃、積層結構及/或絕緣鑲嵌玻璃一般亦可用作汽車、公共汽車、休旅車、商用交通工具、船、火車或飛機中之光閥或百葉窗，尤其可切換遮擋或絲網，或分別用作可切換日光防護罩。
鑲嵌玻璃，且特定言之，絕緣鑲嵌玻璃可較佳佈置為雙重 鑲嵌玻璃單元或三重鑲嵌玻璃單元。
本發明之另一態樣為提供一種用於製造所描述之鑲嵌玻璃之方法。該方法包含以下步驟：a)提供可切換光學裝置、至少一個其他薄片及黏著劑，其中可切換光學裝置具有層體結構，其以此次序包含第一基板、可切換層及第二基板，及b)藉由將黏著劑施加至第一基板及/或至少一個其他薄片且抵靠著第一基板按壓至少一個其他薄片來將至少一個其他薄片附接至第一基板，及/或藉由將黏著劑施加至第二基板及/或至少一個其他薄片且抵靠著第二基板按壓至少其他個薄片來將至少一個其他薄片附接至第二基板。
較佳地，黏著劑以液體光學澄清黏著劑之形式，以雙面膠帶之形式或以黏著膜之形式提供。
較佳地，黏著劑以在按壓期間及/或之後固化之液體黏著劑之形式提供。可例如藉助於電磁輻射及/或熱量執行固化。特定言之，使用紫外(UV)光係較佳的。UV光可藉助於例如UV LED或汞汽燈施加。
液體黏著劑可施加至待黏結之兩個元件，例如，施加至第一或第二基板與其他薄片，或僅施加至該等元件中之單個元件。液體黏著劑可藉助於施配器施加。在施加液體黏著劑之後，兩個元件或黏結且隨後按壓。
較佳地，藉助於滾筒執行按壓。按壓步驟較佳用於自黏著劑移除任何捕獲之空氣以便提供無氣泡黏結。
本發明方法允許產生包含可切換光學裝置之鑲嵌玻璃，同時避免涉及高溫之積層製程。避免可切換光學裝置暴露於高溫以及高壓及 因此避免裝置之潛在損壞，且因此獲得高良率。
根據步驟b)之附接較佳在室溫(約15℃至30℃)下進行。使用黏著劑避免施加常見積層製程中所需且可損壞可切換光學裝置之高溫。
10:鑲嵌玻璃
12:第一基板
14:第一電極層
16:第一配向層
18:可切換層
20:第二配向層
22:第二電極層
24:第二基板
26:可切換光學裝置
30:其他薄片
32:第一玻璃薄片
33:第二玻璃薄片
36:其他可切換光學裝置
40:膠帶
40':其他膠帶
42:第一黏著層
44:載體層
46:第二黏著層
48:光學澄清黏著劑
100:積層結構
102:間層
200:絕緣鑲嵌玻璃單元
202:間隔件
204:空腔
圖式展示：
圖1 具有可切換層之鑲嵌玻璃之第一實施例，圖2 具有兩個可切換層之鑲嵌玻璃之第二實施例，圖3 鑲嵌玻璃之第三實施例，圖4 包含鑲嵌玻璃之積層結構，及圖5 包含鑲嵌玻璃之絕緣鑲嵌玻璃單元。
在圖1中，展示鑲嵌玻璃10之第一實施例。本發明鑲嵌玻璃10具有層體結構，其包含可切換光學裝置26，其以此次序包含第一基板12、第一電極層14、第一配向層16、可切換層18、第二配向層20、第二電極層22及第二基板24。兩個基板12、24經佈置使得形成具有單元間隙之液晶單元。可切換層18包夾於兩個基板12、24之間，其中兩個配向層16、20面朝可切換層18。可切換層18包括液晶介質。
第一基板12及第二基板24均為光學透明的。可獨立選擇第一基板12及第二基板24之材料。較佳地，第一基板12及第二基板24之材料為無鹼玻璃、borofloat玻璃或化學強化玻璃。
第一實施例之鑲嵌玻璃10額外包含藉助於膠帶40附接至可切換光學裝置26之第二基板24的其他薄片30。膠帶40具有層體結構，其 以此次序包含第一黏著層42、載體層44及第二黏著層46。膠帶40之所有層為透明的。其他薄片30亦為光學透明的。用於其他薄片30之適合材料包括無鹼玻璃、borofloat玻璃及化學強化玻璃。
圖2展示鑲嵌玻璃10之第二實施例。圖2之鑲嵌玻璃10以此次序包含可切換光學裝置26、膠帶40、其他可切換光學裝置36、其他膠帶40'及其他薄片30。兩個可切換光學裝置26、36及其他薄片30藉助於膠帶40及其他膠帶40'彼此附接。其他膠帶40'與已關於圖1的第一實施例所描述的膠帶40具有相同組態。
可切換光學裝置26具有如關於圖1之第一實施例所描述之相同層體結構。在圖2中所展示之實施例中，其他可切換光學裝置36具有一致組態且以此次序包含第一基板12、第一電極層14、第一配向層16、可切換層18、第二配向層20、第二電極層22及第二基板24。
圖3展示鑲嵌玻璃10之第三實施例。鑲嵌玻璃10之第三實施例具有圖1之第一實施例之所有層。另外，第三實施例之鑲嵌玻璃10包含第二玻璃薄片33，其藉助於其他膠帶40'附接至第一基板12。因此，圖3中所示之鑲嵌玻璃10具有圍繞可切換光學裝置26之可切換層18之對稱組態。對稱結構以此次序包含用作第一玻璃薄片32之其他薄片30、膠帶40、可切換光學裝置26、其他膠帶40'及第二玻璃薄片33。
圖4展示積層結構100，其包含第二玻璃薄片33、間層102及如關於圖1所描述之第一實施例之鑲嵌玻璃10。在積層結構100中，可切換光學裝置26嵌入於兩個玻璃薄片32、33之間，其中鑲嵌玻璃10之其他薄片30用作第一玻璃薄片32。
有利地，第一玻璃薄片32藉助於膠帶40附接至可切換光學 裝置26，使得僅第二玻璃薄片33在涉及高壓及高溫之製程中積層至可切換光學裝置26。
圖5展示包含鑲嵌玻璃10之第四實施例之絕緣鑲嵌玻璃單元200。
第四實施例之鑲嵌玻璃10具有類似於第一實施例之層體結構且包含可切換光學裝置26，其以此次序包含第一基板12、第一電極層14、第一配向層16、可切換層18、第二配向層20、第二電極層22及第二基板24。兩個基板12、24經佈置使得形成具有單元間隙之液晶單元。可切換層18包夾於兩個基板12、24之間，其中兩個配向層16、20面朝可切換層18。可切換層18包括液晶介質。
第四實施例之鑲嵌玻璃10之層體結構進一步包含作為其他薄片30之第一玻璃薄片32，其藉助於光學澄清黏著劑48附接至第二基板24。光學澄清黏著劑48較佳以隨後固化，例如藉由施加UV輻射之液體形式提供。
第四實施例之鑲嵌玻璃10為絕緣鑲嵌玻璃單元200之一部分，該絕緣鑲嵌玻璃單元進一步包含間隔件202及第二玻璃薄片33。間隔件202界定空腔204，其改良絕緣鑲嵌玻璃單元200之熱絕緣。
實例：
實例1
下文給出包含具有可切換光學裝置之鑲嵌玻璃之積層結構之實例。所包括之可切換光學裝置可經組態為具有平面配向之液晶單元或具有垂直配向之液晶單元。自外部至內部列出層：
Figure 108146150-A0305-02-0016-1
實例2
下文給出包含具有可切換光學裝置之鑲嵌玻璃之積層結構之其他實例。所包括之可切換光學裝置可經組態為具有平面配向之液晶單元或具有垂直配向之液晶單元。自外部至內部列出層：
Figure 108146150-A0305-02-0016-2
Figure 108146150-A0305-02-0017-3
實例2之積層結構可例如用於飛機鑲嵌玻璃單元中。在此類單元中，積層結構置放於外部窗(其通常為附接至飛機機身之雙重鑲嵌玻璃)與內部窗(其可為塑膠片)之間。
尤其在耐刮擦及韌化或強化玻璃用作鑲嵌玻璃或分別積層結構之最內層(其可有利地引起進一步重量降低)時，可甚至省略飛機鑲嵌玻璃單元中之內部塑膠片。
10:鑲嵌玻璃
12:第一基板
14:第一電極層
16:第一配向層
18:可切換層
20:第二配向層
22:第二電極層
24:第二基板
26:可切換光學裝置
30:其他薄片
40:膠帶
42:第一黏著層
44:載體層
46:第二黏著層

Claims (13)

  1. 一種積層結構，其包含鑲嵌玻璃，該鑲嵌玻璃包含可切換光學裝置，該可切換光學裝置具有層體結構，該層體結構以此次序包含：第一基板，可切換層，及第二基板，其中該第一基板及該第二基板之厚度係在0.05mm至1.1mm範圍內，其中該第一基板及該第二基板中之至少一者藉助於膠帶或光學澄清黏著劑附接至其他薄片，其中該鑲嵌玻璃係藉助於間層而積層至玻璃薄片或其他可切換光學裝置，其中該第一基板及/或該第二基板為無鹼玻璃或化學強化玻璃，其中該其他薄片為光學透明玻璃薄片，且該其他薄片之厚度係在2mm至6mm範圍內，且其中用於積層之該間層為熱塑性間層。
  2. 如請求項1之積層結構，其中該其他薄片為其他可切換光學裝置之基板。
  3. 如請求項1或2之積層結構，其中該膠帶為包含第一黏著層、載體層及第二黏著層之雙面膠帶。
  4. 如請求項1或2之積層結構，其中該光學澄清黏著劑或該膠帶之折射率及/或熱膨脹係數經選擇以對應於該第一基板或第二基板之各別特性。
  5. 如請求項3之積層結構，其中該光學澄清黏著劑及/或該第一黏著層及/或第二黏著層之黏著劑係選自丙烯酸黏著劑或聚矽氧黏著劑。
  6. 如請求項2之積層結構，其中該可切換光學裝置及/或該其他可切換光學裝置為選自以下之液晶裝置：摻雜染料之扭轉向列、超扭轉向列、垂直排列型或聚合物穩定之膽固醇織構裝置。
  7. 如請求項1或2之積層結構，其中該鑲嵌玻璃之該層體結構以此次序包含：該第一基板，第一電極層，第一配向層，該可切換層，第二配向層，第二電極層，及該第二基板。
  8. 如請求項1或2之積層結構，其中該鑲嵌玻璃之該層體結構係圍繞該可切換層對稱的。
  9. 一種絕緣鑲嵌玻璃單元，其包含至少一個如請求項1至8中任一項之積層結構。
  10. 一種用於製造如請求項1至8中任一項之積層結構之方法，其包含以下步驟：a)提供可切換光學裝置、至少一個其他薄片及黏著劑，其中該可切換光學裝置具有層體結構，其以此次序包含：第一基板，可切換層，及第二基板，及b)藉由將該黏著劑施加至該第一基板及/或該至少一個其他薄片且抵靠著該第一基板按壓該至少一個其他薄片來將該至少一個其他薄片附接至該第一基板，及/或藉由將該黏著劑施加至該第二基板及/或該至少一個其他薄片且抵靠著該第二基板按壓該至少一個其他薄片來將該至少一個其他薄片附接至該第二基板。
  11. 如請求項10之方法，其中該黏著劑係以液體光學澄清黏著劑之形式、以雙面膠帶之形式或以黏著膜之形式提供。
  12. 如請求項10之方法，其中該黏著劑係以在按壓期間及/或之後固化之液體黏著劑之形式提供。
  13. 如請求項10至12中任一項之方法，其中藉助於滾筒來執行按壓。
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