TWI843405B - 可調透光和牙色之陶瓷義齒三維積層設備 - Google Patents

可調透光和牙色之陶瓷義齒三維積層設備 Download PDF

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TWI843405B
TWI843405B TW112102220A TW112102220A TWI843405B TW I843405 B TWI843405 B TW I843405B TW 112102220 A TW112102220 A TW 112102220A TW 112102220 A TW112102220 A TW 112102220A TW I843405 B TWI843405 B TW I843405B
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slurry
module
coloring
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顏豐明
陳立恒
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法藍瓷股份有限公司
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Abstract

本發明係有關於一種可調透光和牙色之陶瓷義齒色料套組及利用該套組之三維積層設備,該色料套組包括由暖色溶液組成之第一色料、由冷色溶液組成之第二色料及由透光溶液組成之第三色料;或者,僅由第一、二色料組成,而透光溶液可直接混入第一或第二色料中。暖色溶液包含0.1wt%~5wt%之鐵的水可溶鹽及水;冷色溶液包含0.01wt%~2wt%之鈷的水可溶鹽及水;透光溶液包含10wt%~50wt%之釔或鑭的水可溶鹽及水。據此,於三維積層成型過程中,對每一鋪層噴塗上色並調整透光度,可得色澤和透光都相當自然的陶瓷義齒。

Description

可調透光和牙色之陶瓷義齒三維積層設備
本發明係關於一種可調透光和牙色之陶瓷義齒色料套組及利用該套組之三維積層設備,尤指一種於三維積層陶瓷義齒的成型過程中可同時上色及添加透光之設備及其色料配方。
三維積層技術具有可客製化生產、及成型的形狀又完全不受限制等優勢,已逐漸在陶瓷義齒的製造領域佔有一席之地。不過,現有技術中鮮少能夠在成形過程中亦同步直接上色及調整透光度,目前利用三維積層技術製造陶瓷義齒的上色程序主要還是透過人工上色;亦即,牙技師對已完成積層的義齒上色。然而,人工上色耗時費工,人工成本又高昂,且相當仰賴牙技師的經驗和能力。
為解決三維積層技術製造陶瓷義齒的上色問題,申請人已經陸續申請了多件專利,例如我國專利公開第202222274號「陶瓷牙冠之三維積層暨成色設備及其方法」,其揭露了在漿料鋪層過程中,對漿料逐層噴塗色料,故可呈現自然的漸層色系。惟,對於例如前牙或後牙等冷色或暖色之多色系上的呈現,則未多作琢磨,且也無法作出透光度上的變化。
另外,為了解決透光度的問題,請參閱我國專利申請第110148100號「可調成色和透光之陶瓷義齒的三維積層設備及方法」,其採用了兩種不同成分的漿料,此二種漿料分別含有不同比例的氧化釔,而於積層過程中透過改變此二種漿料之配比,藉以形成不同的透光程度。惟,此種方式在積層過程中,每一層的配色和透光都是固定的,無法針對同一層中的不同區域呈現不同的色澤或透光度,所以適合生產相同類型的義齒,例如批次生產前牙或後牙,難以在同一生產批次中針對不同的義齒即時調整不同配方。
由此可知,一種適於客製化生產,且可上色又可同時調整透光度之義齒色料套組,以及利用該套組而可自動成型陶瓷牙冠並自動上色的陶瓷義齒製造設備,實為產業界、及社會大眾所殷殷期盼者。
本發明之主要目的係在提供一種在三維積層成型的過程中同時上色並調整透光度,且整體成色和透光都相當地自然,幾乎與自然齒無異,可免除或大量減少傳統製程中牙冠成型後之比色和上色作業,實現自動化生產,又不影響硬度和使用壽命,且相當容易調控著色,甚至可產生各種個性化圖案。
為達成上述目的,本發明一種可調透光和牙色之陶瓷義齒色料套組,其主要包括:含有暖色溶液的第一色料、及含有冷色溶液的第二色料;其中,於該陶瓷義齒色料套組中進一步以下述(i)~(iii)中之至少一種態樣含有一透光溶液:(i)使暖色溶液:透光溶液=1:0.1~1:1之方式摻混於第一色料中;(ii)使冷色溶液:透光溶液=1:1~1:2的方式摻混於第二色料中;(iii)作為第三色料之成分;其中,暖色溶液係包含0.1wt%~5wt%之鐵的水可溶鹽及水;冷色溶液係包含0.01wt%~2wt%之鈷的水可溶鹽及水;透光溶液係包含10wt%~50wt%之釔或鑭的水可溶鹽及水。
換言之,本發明所提供的可調透光和牙色之陶瓷義齒色料套組提供了可以呈現自然牙齒色澤的所有要素,例如較多出現在牙齒頸部位置的暖色系,以及較多出現在牙齒切端位置的冷色系。重要的是,透光溶液進一步可使陶瓷義齒呈現不同程度的透光度,而具體呈現幾乎與自然齒無異的陶瓷義齒。
此外,為了達成前述目的,本發明進一步提供一種三維積層設備,其主要包括:漿料鋪層模組、著色噴塗模組、光照固化模組及主控制器;漿料鋪層模組包括漿料槽,其內儲存有漿料;著色噴塗模組包括前述之陶瓷義齒色料套組;主控制器電性連接至漿料鋪層模組、著色噴塗模組及光照固化模組,且主控制器包括一記憶模組,其儲存有複數積層圖檔及複數著色參數檔,複數積層圖檔係將一待成型牙冠之立體圖像沿一特定方向以一特定厚度切層之後獲得,複數著色參數檔係對應複數積層圖檔;其中,主控制器控制漿料鋪層模組以漿料槽內的漿料在基板上平鋪一漿料層;主控制器根據複數著色參數檔控制著色噴塗模組以陶瓷義齒色料套組噴塗漿料層;主控制器控制光照固化模組根據複數積層圖檔對漿料層光照成型。
進一步說明,本發明之三維積層設備係以漿料鋪層模組鋪層一漿料層之後,隨即對該漿料層噴塗上色,且所使用的色料包括了可呈現冷色系、暖色系與透光之色料,而上色後才照光固化形成預定形狀。據此,本發明可對每一漿料層上色,且亦可隨時對每一色料層改變其成色效果,故牙冠整體的成色效果相當自然、透光度佳,色澤也相當飽滿,且各色料層間不會產生暈染情況,甚至可塗裝任意之精細圖案。
此外,本發明之三維積層設備可更包括氣流產生裝置及加熱裝置,而此二裝置電性連接於主控制器;且基板可由吸水率為5%以上之材質或結構所構成。其中,主控制器可控制氣流產生裝置對基板之下表面吹送空氣或自基板之下表面抽離空氣,且主控制器又可控制加熱裝置對漿料層加熱。據此,氣流產生裝置可協助排除基板內的水氣,使之快速乾燥;又高吸水率的基板及加熱裝置則可進一步加速乾燥漿料層及色料,而可有效提升製程效率。
[用以實施發明的形態]
本發明可調透光和牙色之陶瓷義齒色料套組及利用該套組之三維積層設備在本實施例中被詳細描述之前,要特別注意的是,以下的說明中,類似的元件將以相同的元件符號來表示。再者,本發明之圖式僅作為示意說明,其未必按比例繪製,且所有細節也未必全部呈現於圖式中。
請同時參閱圖1及圖2,圖1係本發明三維積層設備第一實施例之系統架構圖,圖2係本發明三維積層設備第一實施例之設備示意圖。如圖所示,本實施例之三維積層設備主要包括漿料鋪層模組2、著色噴塗模組3、光照固化模組4、主控制器5、氣流產生裝置6以及加熱裝置7,其中主控制器5電性連接其餘的模組和裝置,並控制該等之作動。
進一步說明,漿料鋪層模組2包括一漿料槽20,而漿料槽20內儲存有一漿料,其主要由100重量份之陶瓷粉末、12~18重量份之光硬化樹脂、2~4重量份之可塑劑、0.5~5重量份之分散劑及10~20重量份之溶液所組成。其中,陶瓷粉末包括超過99.7%的含氧化鋯粉末及氧化釔粉末之混合粉末、少於0.1%的氧化鋁粉末、以及少於0.05%的底色色料,而混合粉末中氧化釔粉末含量可為2~6mole%。
陶瓷混合粉末中的氧化釔是用來穩定氧化鋯,氧化釔粉末的含量越高則可呈現越高的透光度,適合對於美觀要求程度高者,不過相對地強度也會減弱。以含量3mole%而言,彎曲強度(bending strength)可達1400MPa,但透光度只有35%,故適合於製備牙橋或後牙;反之,以含量5mole%而言,彎曲強度(bending strength)只達600MPa,但透光度卻可達49%,故適合製備前牙或牙貼片。
另外,底色色料可包含鐵、鉻、鈦、錳、鈷、鎳、銅、釩、及稀土元素中之至少一種;其可根據病患實際齒色調配底色色料以呈現基底顏色。光硬化樹脂包含水溶性樹脂及水可分散性樹脂中至少一者。在本實施例中,光硬化樹脂主要是由52~57重量%之丙烯酸酯類單體(Acylate Monomers)、40~42重量%之丙烯酸酯類寡聚體(Acylate Oligomers)、1~4重量%之光起始劑(Photoinitiators)、以及0~2重量%之添加劑(Additive)所組成,其中添加劑並非絕對必要,可視實際情況選用添加。
可塑劑可包含分子量為150以上而450以下之聚乙二醇(例如PEG#200、PEG#400)及甘油(丙三醇)中至少一者,可塑劑主要用於降低黏結劑的玻璃轉化溫度,使黏結劑常溫下有較好的柔韌性。分散劑可為有機酸,例如聚羧酸酯類(polycarboxylate)、聚合物銨鹽(如聚丙烯酸銨)及聚合物鈉鹽(如聚丙烯酸鈉)中至少一者。
另外,本實施例之溶液可百分之百為水或為水與醇類之混合溶劑,例如包含水與乙醇(ET)、異丙醇(IPA)、丙二醇(PG)及己二醇(HG)中至少一者,其中水較佳採用去離子水。又,在漿料內可另外添加黏結劑,其可為包含分子量為1500以上8000以下之聚乙二醇(例如PEG#2000、PEG#4000、PEG#6000)、聚乙烯醇及聚環氧乙烷中至少一者,黏結劑可提升乾燥後陶瓷坯體強度,並可抵抗平鋪漿料時的剪切力,且可調整黏度以防止顆粒沉降。
漿料鋪層模組2又包括供料部(圖中未示)及刮板21,供料部的剖面大致呈現漏斗狀,其可均勻鋪設長條漿料於基板S上;另外,刮板21可對供料部所鋪設長條漿料刮平。
再者,本實施例之著色噴塗模組3包括第一噴塗單元31、第二噴塗單元32、第三噴塗單元33及陶瓷義齒色料套組;該陶瓷義齒色料套組包括第一色料311、第二色料321及第三色料331。第一色料311為暖色溶液,配置於第一噴塗單元31內,可使義齒呈現提供咖啡至咖啡灰色。第一色料311可包括0.1wt%~5wt%之鐵的水可溶鹽及水,本實施例為2wt%,該鐵的水可溶鹽包含硝酸鐵、氯化亞鐵及醋酸鐵之至少一種。
第二色料321配置於第二噴塗單元32內,其混合了包括:含有0.01wt%~2wt%之鈷的水可溶鹽和水的冷色溶液、含有0.1wt%~10wt%之鋁的水可溶鹽和水的鋁質溶液以及含有0.1wt%~10wt%之鈣的水可溶鹽和水的鈣質溶液,而該等溶液的體積比為1:1:1。更具體地,本實施例的冷色溶液中含有0.2wt%鈷的水可溶鹽,而鋁質溶液中含有2wt%鋁的水可溶鹽,鈣質溶液中含有2wt%鈣的水可溶鹽。
其中,鈷的水可溶鹽為主要著色劑,其可包含硝酸鈷、氯化亞鈷及醋酸鈷中之至少一種,只要少許即產生明顯色調,可使義齒帶紫之藍灰至純藍灰色,主要用意係因口腔內呈紅色,而後牙則有帶紫之選擇,也可在牙齒切端的位置。鋁質溶液與冷色溶液可一起提供藍灰色調,鋁質溶液可包含硝酸鋁、氯化鋁及醋酸鋁中之至少一種,但過量的鋁質溶液則會增加白度,又同時降低透明度,故可遮掩較黑的牙。鈣質溶液加少量可提高透明度,加大量則可增加白度,同時降低透明度,一樣可遮掩較黑的牙,鈣質溶液可包含硝酸鈣、氯化鈣及醋酸鈣中之至少一種。
再者,第三色料331為透光溶液,可增加透光度,並補償因暖色溶液及冷色溶液的增色所減少之透光度,而配置於第三噴塗單元33內。透光溶液可包含10wt%~50wt%之釔或鑭等稀土的水可溶鹽及水,本實施例為20wt%。進一步說明,該稀土的水可溶鹽可為,例如硝酸釔、氯化釔、醋酸釔、硝酸鑭、氯化鑭、或醋酸鑭等;其主要用以減少阻礙透明度之因素(例如形成玻璃相或減少缺陷)、或穩定氧化鋯晶相中之立方晶相(Cubic phase),進而減少光在材料中之反射及散射,以增加透明度。除此之外,在其他實施例中,第一色料311、第二色料321及第三色料331的溶劑除了水之外,亦可添加部份乙醇,以加快噴塗後的色料之揮發速度。
另外,本實施例之光照固化模組4為一數位光處理(Digital Light Processing,DLP)的UV光機,其可根據積層圖檔透過投射UV光於漿料上,讓漿料逐層固化。另外,值得一提的是,本實施例之基板S係由吸水率為5%以上之材質或結構所構成,例如具多孔質構造之矽藻土或陶瓷平板。因此,當漿料鋪設形成於基板S時,基板S可即時迅速地吸取漿料中的水分,進而大幅降低漿料中之水分揮發時間,可提升生產效率。
此外,本實施例之主控制器5係電性連接至漿料鋪層模組2、著色噴塗模組3、光照固化模組4、氣流產生裝置6以及加熱裝置7,且主控制器5包括一記憶模組51,其儲存有複數積層圖檔511及複數著色參數檔512。該複數積層圖檔511係將一待成型牙冠C之立體圖像沿一特定方向以一特定厚度切層之後獲得,該特定厚度也就是漿料的鋪層厚度,而該複數著色參數檔512係對應該複數積層圖檔511。
進一步說明,每一積層圖檔511係將一待成型牙冠C之立體圖像資料,沿一水平方向以一特定厚度逐層橫切而成之剖面圖像;也就是說,先將一欲成型之陶瓷牙冠的立體圖像資料透過影像處理單元根據一後續製程反應層特定厚度(漿料的鋪層厚度),予以對應逐層橫切而取得複數個積層圖檔511,從而可依序用在後續形塑陶瓷牙冠的逐層投影固化流程步驟中。其中,該立體圖像資料可以透過光學3D掃瞄系統或透過電腦CAD繪圖而得。
另一方面,複數著色參數檔512基本上是對應於該複數個積層圖檔511,也就是每一積層圖檔511對應有一著色參數檔512,其記載著暖色溶液、冷色溶液及透光溶液的噴塗位置及噴塗量,而本實施例之著色參數檔512是根據對患者的原齒或旁齒的影像進行解析所得結果,並經過適當影像處理而得。
以下說明本實施例之製造流程:首先,主控制器5控制漿料鋪層模組2將漿料槽20內的漿料均勻鋪設在基板S上以形成一漿料層LS,此時將靜待數秒以讓基板S去吸收漿料層LS內的部分水分,使漿料層LS大致乾燥成型。接著,主控制器5控制著色噴塗模組3根據對應的著色參數檔512,而以第一色料311、第二色料321及第三色料331對漿料層LS上色,形成一色料層;在此步驟中,若切層的特定厚度較厚時,亦可等待數秒,讓色料逐漸沉澱進入漿料層LS內,而使漿料層LS的成色均勻;反之,若切層的特定厚度較薄,則無需等待步驟。
再者,主控制器5控制光照固化模組4根據對應的積層圖檔511來對該漿料層LS投射UV光,以使欲成型區域固化定型。以此類推,只要重複上述鋪設漿料層LS之步驟、色料上色之步驟以及照光固化之步驟直到完成牙冠陶瓷胚體即可。
由於一般自然齒主要是呈現暖色調,而到切端才轉變為冷色調;而透光性也是由牙頸部的低透光,到牙切端的高透光。因此,當本實施例由義齒的頸部積層成型至切端部時,在頸部部位,著色噴塗模組3噴塗第一色料311的量較多,並隨著逐漸成形至切端部而逐漸減少第一色料311的噴塗量。而第二色料321和第三色料331則反之,在頸部部位,著色噴塗模組3噴塗第二色料321和第三色料331的量較少,甚至全無第二色料321,僅有少量第三色料331,並隨著逐漸成形至切端部而逐漸增加第二色料321和第三色料331的噴塗量。藉此,便可製備出色澤和透光度都相當自然的陶瓷義齒,而且可因應各種實際情況客製化上色。
最後,清除未固化之漿料後,高溫燒結牙冠陶瓷胚體而形成一陶瓷牙冠,即以1100℃~1700℃的高溫來燒結陶瓷(一般使用玻璃陶瓷時燒成溫度在1100℃~1300℃;使用氧化鋯則在1300℃~1600℃;使用氧化鋁在1300℃~1700℃),使其形成具有光滑平整表面且已完成上色之陶瓷牙冠。
又特別說明,如圖1及圖2所示,本實施例之基板S下方設置有氣流產生裝置6,其可朝基板S下表面吹送空氣或自該基板S之下表面抽離空氣,藉以增進基板S的排濕效率,以有效維持基板S的吸水性。而且,本實施例之基板S的上方則設置加熱裝置7,其可用於對已鋪層的漿料層LS和色料進行烘乾,以大幅縮短漿料鋪層和色料噴塗後的等待時間,可顯著提升製程效率。
請參閱圖3,其係本發明三維積層設備第二實施例之系統架構圖。本實施例與前述第一實施例主要差異在於,本實施例只採用了暖色和冷色二種色料,而透光色料則混入該二種色料中。然而,關於透光色料的混合方式,大致可根據以下幾種情況來處理。
當本實施例係用於製備後牙或要求透明度較不高的前牙時,著色噴塗模組3之第一噴塗單元31內所容裝的第一色料311如同前述實施例,只包含了暖色溶液。惟,第二噴塗單元32內的第二色料321則是混合了冷色溶液、鋁質溶液、鈣質溶液及透光溶液,該四者的混合體積比為1:1:1:1;但不以此為限,該四種溶液的混合比例可以在1:1:1:1~1:1:1:2的範圍內視情況調整。
此外,在其他變形實施態樣中,也可因應不同病患的牙色需求,以與前述實施例相反的方式配置色料套組,例如第一色料311中混合暖色溶液和透光溶液,並於1:0.1~1:1的比例範圍內調配該第一色料311;而第二色料321則是單純混合了冷色溶液、鋁質溶液及鈣質溶液,其調配比例為1:1:1。
另一方面,當本實施例係用於製備前牙、牙貼片或要求透光度較高的後牙時,著色噴塗模組3之第一噴塗單元31內所容裝的第一色料311除包含了暖色溶液之外,又混合了透光溶液,二者的混合體積比可於1:0.1~1:1的範圍內視情況調整。另外,第二噴塗單元32內的第二色料321則是同上述,而混合了冷色溶液、鋁質溶液、鈣質溶液及透光溶液,該四者的混合體積比同樣可於1:1:1:1~1:1:1:2的範圍內視情況調整。亦即,此一實施例之暖色溶液和冷色溶液中都混合了透光溶液,故可得到高透光度的陶瓷義齒。
關於此一實施例中,第一色料311和第二色料321的噴塗方式,如前述實施例中所提及,當由頸部成型到切端部時,由頸部成型到中段位置係以第一色料311為主,並逐漸減少之;而由中段位置成型到切端部則以第二色料321為主,並逐漸增多之。
承上所述,本發明結合了DLP(Digital light processing)三維積層技術與噴墨上色的技術,並以獨特的色料配方來對每一個漿料鋪層上色,其中包括了冷色、暖色及透光等自然齒色澤的所有構成要素,故不論色澤或透光都可以呈現相當自然的漸層色系,幾乎與自然齒無異。而且,本發明可客製化生產,即於同一生產批次中,可同時生產不同患者之不同部位的義齒,甚至還可繪製個性化的精細圖案。再者,由於每一漿料層的厚度可以設定為10μm~50μm,且加上包括高吸水性基板、用於乾燥基板的氣流產生裝置、以及用於加熱乾燥漿料的加熱裝置等多重乾燥技術,可使漿料和色料快速乾燥,整體製程效率極佳。
上述實施例僅係為了方便說明而舉例而已,本發明所主張之權利範圍自應以申請專利範圍所述為準,而非僅限於上述實施例。
2:漿料鋪層模組
3:著色噴塗模組
4:光照固化模組
5:主控制器
6:氣流產生裝置
7:加熱裝置
20:漿料槽
21:刮板
31:第一噴塗單元
32:第二噴塗單元
33:第三噴塗單元
51:記憶模組
311:第一色料
321:第二色料
331:第三色料
511:積層圖檔
512:著色參數檔
C:待成型牙冠
LS:漿料層
S:基板
圖1係本發明第一實施例之系統架構圖。 圖2係本發明第一實施例之設備示意圖。 圖3係本發明第二實施例之系統架構圖。
2:漿料鋪層模組
3:著色噴塗模組
4:光照固化模組
5:主控制器
6:氣流產生裝置
7:加熱裝置
20:漿料槽
31:第一噴塗單元
32:第二噴塗單元
33:第三噴塗單元
51:記憶模組
311:第一色料
321:第二色料
331:第三色料
511:積層圖檔
512:著色參數檔

Claims (6)

  1. 一種可調透光和牙色之陶瓷義齒三維積層設備,其係包括:一漿料鋪層模組,其包括一漿料槽,該漿料槽內儲存有一漿料;一著色噴塗模組,其包括一陶瓷義齒色料套組、一第一噴塗單元、一第二噴塗單元及一第三噴塗單元,該陶瓷義齒色料套組包括:一第一色料,其包括一暖色溶液並容納於該第一噴塗單元;一第二色料,其包括一冷色溶液並容納於該第二噴塗單元;及一第三色料,其包括一透光溶液並容納於該第三噴塗單元;一光照固化模組;以及一主控制器,其電性連接至該漿料鋪層模組、該著色噴塗模組及該光照固化模組,該主控制器包括一記憶模組,其儲存有複數積層圖檔及複數著色參數檔,該複數積層圖檔係將一待成型牙冠之立體圖像沿一特定方向以一特定厚度切層之後獲得,該複數著色參數檔係對應該複數積層圖檔;其中,該主控制器控制該漿料鋪層模組以該漿料槽內的該漿料在一基板上平鋪一漿料層;該主控制器根據該複數著色參數檔控制該著色噴塗模組以該陶瓷義齒色料套組噴塗該漿料層;該主控制器控制該光照固化模組 根據該複數積層圖檔對該漿料層光照成型。
  2. 一種可調透光和牙色之陶瓷義齒三維積層設備,其係包括:一漿料鋪層模組,其包括一漿料槽,該漿料槽內儲存有一漿料;一著色噴塗模組,其包括一陶瓷義齒色料套組、一第一噴塗單元、及一第二噴塗單元,該陶瓷義齒色料套組包括:一第一色料,其包括一暖色溶液並容納於該第一噴塗單元;及一第二色料,其包括一冷色溶液並容納於該第二噴塗單元;其中,在該第一色料及該第二色料當中,至少一者更包括一透光溶液;一光照固化模組;以及一主控制器,其電性連接至該漿料鋪層模組、該著色噴塗模組及該光照固化模組,該主控制器包括一記憶模組,其儲存有複數積層圖檔及複數著色參數檔,該複數積層圖檔係將一待成型牙冠之立體圖像沿一特定方向以一特定厚度切層之後獲得,該複數著色參數檔係對應該複數積層圖檔;其中,該主控制器控制該漿料鋪層模組以該漿料槽內的該漿料在一基板上平鋪一漿料層;該主控制器根據該複數著色參數檔控制該著色噴塗模組以該陶瓷義齒色料套組噴塗該漿料層;該主控制器控制該光照固化模組 根據該複數積層圖檔對該漿料層光照成型。
  3. 如請求項1或2之三維積層設備,其中,該漿料包含100重量份之陶瓷粉末、12~18重量份之光硬化樹脂、2~4重量份之可塑劑、0.5~5重量份之分散劑及10~20重量份之溶液,該溶液包括水。
  4. 如請求項3之三維積層設備,其中,該陶瓷粉末包括超過99.7wt%的含氧化鋯粉末及氧化釔粉末之混合粉末、少於0.1wt%的氧化鋁粉末、以及少於0.05wt%的底色色料,該混合粉末中氧化釔粉末含量為2~6mole%;該底色色料包含鐵、鉻、鈦、錳、鈷、鎳、銅、釩、及稀土元素之至少一種。
  5. 如請求項1或2之三維積層設備,其更包括一氣流產生裝置,其係電性連接於該主控制器;該基板係由一吸水率為5%以上之材質或結構所構成;該主控制器控制該氣流產生裝置對該基板之下表面吹送空氣或自該基板之下表面抽離空氣。
  6. 如請求項1或2之三維積層設備,其更包括一加熱裝置,其係電性連接於該主控制器;該主控制器控制該加熱裝置對該漿料層加熱。
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CN104926370A (zh) * 2015-06-08 2015-09-23 南充三环电子有限公司 一种牙科陶瓷染色液
TW202222274A (zh) * 2020-12-07 2022-06-16 法藍瓷股份有限公司 陶瓷牙冠之三維積層暨成色設備及其方法
CN115403373A (zh) * 2022-09-01 2022-11-29 辽宁爱尔创生物材料有限公司 一种氧化锆坯体和牙科修复体
TWI788153B (zh) * 2021-12-22 2022-12-21 法藍瓷股份有限公司 可調成色和透光之陶瓷義齒的三維積層設備及方法

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CN104926370A (zh) * 2015-06-08 2015-09-23 南充三环电子有限公司 一种牙科陶瓷染色液
TW202222274A (zh) * 2020-12-07 2022-06-16 法藍瓷股份有限公司 陶瓷牙冠之三維積層暨成色設備及其方法
TWI788153B (zh) * 2021-12-22 2022-12-21 法藍瓷股份有限公司 可調成色和透光之陶瓷義齒的三維積層設備及方法
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