TWI838643B - 廢水泡沫控制劑 - Google Patents
廢水泡沫控制劑 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI838643B TWI838643B TW110135173A TW110135173A TWI838643B TW I838643 B TWI838643 B TW I838643B TW 110135173 A TW110135173 A TW 110135173A TW 110135173 A TW110135173 A TW 110135173A TW I838643 B TWI838643 B TW I838643B
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- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
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- HVUMOYIDDBPOLL-XWVZOOPGSA-N Sorbitan monostearate Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](O)[C@H]1OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1O HVUMOYIDDBPOLL-XWVZOOPGSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/68—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by addition of specified substances, e.g. trace elements, for ameliorating potable water
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/12—Prevention of foaming
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2305/00—Use of specific compounds during water treatment
- C02F2305/04—Surfactants, used as part of a formulation or alone
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Degasification And Air Bubble Elimination (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
- Physical Water Treatments (AREA)
- Activated Sludge Processes (AREA)
- Separation Of Suspended Particles By Flocculating Agents (AREA)
Abstract
本發明提供一種泡沫控制劑及藉由使用泡沫控制劑控制廢水處理泡沫之方法,其中該試劑包含至少一種支鏈醇。
Description
實施例係關於一種泡沫控制劑及在廢水處理中控制泡沫之方法,其中該試劑包含至少一種支鏈醇。
廢水處理工廠中之泡沫可在許多階段發生。曝氣槽、二級澄清器及厭氧消化槽通常都面臨泡沫問題。這種泡沫會在加工罐等中佔據寶貴體積等,並且可能會溢出,從而造成安全和清潔問題。
泡沫通常以兩種方式之一產生,廢水中之界面活性劑或生物活性。表面劑可以是簡單的家用洗滌劑及清潔劑、工業界面活性劑或聚合物、油脂及油,或各種其他可能的來源。生物泡沫可以由微生物活性之副產物(諸如蛋白質、多醣)及廢水生物本身(如諾卡氏菌(諾卡菌屬))產生。
由於所有此等原因以及更多原因,需要一種泡沫控制劑及控制廢水中泡沫之方法。
實施例係關於一種泡沫控制劑及控制廢水處理泡沫之方法,其中所述控制劑包含至少一種支鏈醇。此有機消泡劑亦可增強聚矽氧消泡劑之效能。
本發明係關於一種用於廢水處理之泡沫控制劑。本發明詳述支鏈醇以何種出乎意料之程度顯示具有優良泡沫控制效能。支鏈醇可為2-烷基-1-烷醇(也稱為格爾伯特醇),較佳為2-乙基己醇(2-EH)和2-丙基庚醇(2-PH)。此等醇可經由對應醛之醇醛縮合或自一級線性醇之格爾伯特反應合成。亦可利用其他生產方法。
在本發明中,發現C9至C12 β-支鏈醇(C9-C12格爾伯特醇)在廢水處理之各個階段期間在減少泡沫方面出人意料地有效。支鏈醇之另一益處為其極好的可生物降解性。
目前揭示之抗泡沫劑的通用結構如下:
其中x為2至8之整數且R為具有1-8個碳原子之烷基。
泡沫控制劑亦可描述為包含來自C9-C12之2-烷基取代之醇。醇可主要為一種異構體(>95 wt.%)或醇之混合物,其可藉由醛之混合物之醇醛縮合產生或藉由格爾伯特反應自醇之混合物產生。
在一些實施例中,包括2-乙基己醇、2-丁基-1-辛醇及2-丙基庚醇之C8-C32格爾伯特醇及由丁醛與戊醛之醇醛縮合產生之C8、C9及C10醇的混合物較佳。
當用作抗泡沫劑或用作消泡劑時,經調配泡沫控制劑中之格爾伯特醇濃度在0.01%至100%範圍內,較佳在25%至100%範圍內。格爾伯特醇可呈固體或液體形式,較佳為液體。若其為固體,則可將材料溶解或分散於溶劑中。該泡沫控制劑可為水溶液或基於有機溶劑之溶液。用於廢水處理之該泡沫控制劑之使用量在0.01%至5%,較佳在0.1%至1%(50至100 ppm)範圍內變化。
其他泡沫控制劑(例如,由環氧乙烷、環氧丙烷及/或環氧丁烷構成之共聚物,無規或嵌段)或其他疏水性材料(諸如蠟、油或二氧化矽)亦可與支鏈格爾伯特醇一起添加。聚矽氧可與2-烷基醇結合使用。亦可使用界面活性劑,尤其醇之烷氧基化物。使用支鏈醇作為泡沫控制劑可為基於水的或基於油的。
本發明所揭示之新穎泡沫控制劑可呈固體或液體形式。若其為固體,則可將材料溶解或分散於溶劑中,之後用作泡沫控制劑。咸信本發明所揭示之試劑在所有常用工業清潔劑存在下起作用。
化學試劑可用於防泡沫劑或消泡劑調配物中。防泡沫劑調配物藉由混合聚乙二醇、酯、聚矽氧、溶劑、水及在氣泡之氣液界面中避免泡沫形成之其他化學品獲得,。亦可使用基於嵌段共聚物之其他兩親性化學品。在消泡調配物中,除上文所提及之產品以外,其亦可使用植物油、礦物油、蠟及其他油性試劑。
選擇泡沫控制劑中所含有之視情況選用之界面活性劑或乳化劑以適合於改善泡沫控制劑對原料之相容性或與支鏈醇之組合物形成乳液。視情況選用之界面活性劑或乳化劑之量在支鏈醇之組合物之0.1-30重量%範圍內。
視情況選用之界面活性劑或乳化劑可為陰離子、陽離子或非離子的。適合陰離子界面活性劑或乳化劑之實例為鹼金屬、銨及胺肥皂;此類肥皂之脂肪酸部分較佳含有至少10個碳原子。肥皂亦可「原位」形成;換言之,脂肪酸可添加至油相且鹼性材料可添加至水相。
適合陰離子界面活性劑或乳化劑之其他實例為烷基-芳基磺酸之鹼金屬鹽、二烷基磺基丁二酸鈉、硫酸化或磺化油(例如硫酸化蓖麻油);磺化牛脂及短鏈石油磺酸之鹼金屬鹽。
適合陽離子界面活性劑或乳化劑為長鏈一級胺、二級胺或三級胺之鹽,諸如乙酸油醯胺、乙酸十六胺、乳酸二十二胺、胺基乙基-胺基乙基硬脂醯胺之乙酸鹽、二乙酸二月桂醯基三伸乙四胺、乙酸1-胺基乙基-2-十七烯基咪唑啉;及四級鹽,諸如溴化十六烷基吡啶鎓、氯化十六烷基乙基嗎福啉鎓及氯化二乙基雙-十二烷基銨。
適合非離子界面活性劑或乳化劑之實例為高級脂肪醇與環氧乙烷之縮合產物,諸如油醇與10個環氧乙烷單元之反應產物;烷基酚與環氧乙烷之縮合產物,諸如異辛基苯酚與12個環氧乙烷單元之反應產物;高級脂肪酸醯胺與5個或更多個環氧乙烷單元之縮合產物;長鏈脂肪酸之聚乙二醇酯,諸如四甘醇單棕櫚酸酯、六甘醇單月桂酸酯、九甘醇單硬脂酸酯、九甘醇二油酸酯、十三甘醇單花生酸酯、二十三甘醇單山崳酸酯、二十三甘醇二山崳酸酯;多元醇部分高級脂肪酸酯,諸如三硬脂酸脫水山梨糖醇酯;多元醇部分高級脂肪酸酯與其內部酸酐(甘露糖醇-酐,稱為脫水甘露醇(Mannitan),及山梨糖醇-酐,稱為脫水山梨糖醇(Sorbitan))之環氧乙烷縮合產物,諸如與10分子環氧乙烷反應的甘油單棕櫚酸酯、與12分子環氧乙烷反應的新戊四醇單油酸酯、與10-15分子環氧乙烷反應的脫水山梨糖醇單硬脂酸酯、與10-15分子環氧乙烷反應之脫水甘露醇單棕櫚酸酯;長鏈聚乙二醇,在長鏈聚乙二醇中,一個羥基經高級脂肪酸酯化且另一個羥基經低分子醇醚化,諸如甲氧基聚乙二醇(550)單硬脂酸酯(550意謂聚乙二醇醚之平均分子量)。可使用此等界面活性劑中之兩者或多於兩者之組合;例如陽離子可與非離子摻合或陰離子與非離子摻合。
泡沫控制劑可進一步包含一或多種添加劑。添加劑之實例包含環氧乙烷/環氧丙烷嵌段共聚物、環氧丁烷/環氧丙烷嵌段共聚物、環氧乙烷/環氧丁烷嵌段共聚物、蠟或基於矽之材料。對於界面活性劑在處理步驟中引起發泡之其他廢水處理應用,可使用至多C32的經2-烷基取代之高級醇。
實例測試本發明所揭示之泡沫控制劑及其他物質之功效的實驗可如下進行。
材料表1:原料
表2-測試調配物
名稱 | 生產商/ 供應商 | 功能 | 化學性質與功能 |
2-乙基己醇 (2-EH) | 購自西格瑪奧瑞奇(Sigma Aldrich) | 新穎泡沫控制劑 | |
2-丙基庚醇 (2-PH) | 購自西格瑪奧瑞奇 | 新穎泡沫控制劑 | |
Xiameter ACP-1400消泡劑化合物 | 陶氏化學 | 比較實例基準 | 基於聚矽氧之泡沫控制劑 |
丙二醇 | 購自西格瑪奧瑞奇 | 聚矽氧化合物之稀釋劑 | |
Triton X-100 | 陶氏化學 | 測試用泡沫介質 |
實例 | 泡沫控制劑 | 測試方法 | 量 | 活性物質濃度 | 發泡介質 |
實例1 | 2-丙基庚醇 | 泵測試 | 2毫升 | 2500ppm | 1% Triton X-100 |
實例2 | 2-丙基庚醇 | 泵測試 | 4毫升 | 5000ppm | 1% Triton X-100 |
實例3 | 2-丙基庚醇及ACP-1400 | 泵測試 | 50微升2-丙基庚醇 8微升ACP-1400 792微升丙二醇 | 10ppm ACP 1400 + 62.5ppm 2PH | 1% Triton X-100 |
實例4 | 2-丙基庚醇 | 搖動測試 | 100微升 | 1000ppm | 1% Triton X-100 |
實例5 | 2-丙基庚醇及ACP-1400 | 搖動測試 | 50微升2-丙基庚醇 0.002公克ACP-1400 0.498公克丙二醇 | 20ppm ACP 1400 + 500ppm 2PH | 1% Triton X-100 |
實例6 | 2-丙基庚醇及ACP-1400 | 搖動測試 | 100微升2-丙基庚醇 0.002公克ACP-1400 0.498公克丙二醇 | 20ppm ACP 1400 + 1000ppm 2PH | 1% Triton X-100 |
實例7 | 乙基己醇 | 搖動測試 | 500微升乙基己醇 | 5000ppm EH | 1% Triton X-100 |
實例8 | 乙基己醇及ACP-1400 | 搖動測試 | 100微升2-丙基庚醇 0.005公克ACP-1400 0.495公克丙二醇 | 50ppm ACP 1400 + 1000ppm EH | 1% Triton X-100 |
比較實例1 | ACP 1400 | 泵測試 | 8微升ACP-1400 792微升丙二醇 | 10ppm | 1% Triton X-100 |
比較實例2 | ACP 1400 | 搖動測試 | 0.002公克ACP-1400 0.498公克丙二醇 | 20ppm | 1% Triton X-100 |
比較實例3 | ACP 1400 | 搖動測試 | 0.005公克ACP-1400 0.495公克丙二醇 | 50ppm | 1% Triton X-100 |
測試方法泵測試
為了測試泡沫控制效能,使用了泵測試。泵測試由三個部分構成:一個2升透明夾套玻璃開口頂部玻璃柱,底部帶有閥門。一個電池加熱器,其使聚矽氧流體再循環穿過夾套以維持溫度。一個離心泵,其入口附接到柱底閥上,出口進入開口玻璃柱頂部以再循環發泡介質。圖1係泵測試組件之圖式。
對於該測試,將發泡介質小心倒入已預熱至25C之2升玻璃柱中。接著藉由將0.2公克聚矽氧消泡劑與49.8公克丙二醇混合(經由在瓶中搖動混合)來製備消泡劑。在該測試中使用純丙基庚醇及乙基己醇,並且將所有消泡劑裝載至微量吸管中。
然後打開再循環泵並且監測泵產生之泡沫,直到泡沫在柱中達到 1700毫升的高度。此時將消泡劑直接注入循環流中。在採用醇及聚矽氧之組合的實例中,使用兩個微量吸管將兩者同時注射到循環流中。然後監測泡沫體積,直到泡沫恢復到最大1700毫升水平或十分鐘過去,以先到者為準。
搖動測試
為進一步測試泡沫控制效能,進行搖動測試。對於該測試,使用了Burrell WRIST-ACTION AA 型,配備了適合的夾子以容納8盎司(240 毫升)法國方瓶(Burrell Corp., Pittsburgh, PA, 目錄號75-755-04)。搖動器臂量測為 5-1/4 +/- 1/16 英吋(13.34 +/- 0.16公分)。此係自綺動竟軸之中心到瓶子中心進行量測。搖臂在靜止位置為水平的,以將該瓶子保持在垂直位置。搖動弧度約為16度,搖動頻率約為每分鐘350次。
對於該測試,進行了以下步驟。首先,將100毫升起泡介質倒入8盎司法國方瓶中。對於採用聚矽氧消泡劑化合物之樣品,使用丙二醇稀釋此等樣品。對於20PPM測試,將0.2公克聚矽氧化合物與49.8公克丙二醇組合且藉由搖動充分混合。對於50PPM測試,將0.5公克聚矽氧化合物與49.5公克丙二醇混合且藉由搖動充分混合。
隨後將0.5公克聚矽氧化合物及丙二醇混合物添加至1% Triton X-100溶液之表面中(在瓶子中)。隨後將所需量之丙基庚醇或乙基己醇(當使用時)直接添加至溶液表面(在瓶子中)。然後將法國瓶加蓋並置於搖臂上之夾具中以進行攪動/混合。然後將搖動器打開30秒,並且在搖動停止後,記錄直至泡沫塌陷之時間(當泡沫高度在大部分表面上下降至0.5公分或更低時)。
結果泡沫控制劑之泡沫控制效能展示於表3-4中。如表3-4所示,與丙二醇中之基於聚矽氧之泡沫控制劑1400相比,1% Triton X-100中之0.25% (2500ppm) 2-PH及0.5% (5000ppm) 2-PH 顯著改善了泡沫擊倒。2-PH醇亦呈現出良好持久效能。與丙二醇中之基於聚矽氧之泡沫控制劑相比,向聚矽氧防泡沬劑中添加2-PH亦引起改善的擊倒。
表3 - 在 1% Triton X-100中進行泵測試之實驗結果
表4-在1% Triton X-100中進行搖動測試之實驗結果
實例 | 實例1 | 實例2 | 實例3 | 比較實例1 |
名稱 | 2500PPM 2PH | 5000PPM 2PH | 62.5PPM 2PH+10PPM ACP 1400 | 10PPM ACP 1400 |
時間(秒) | 泡沫體積 (mL) | 泡沫體積 (mL) | 泡沫體積 (mL) | 泡沫體積 (mL) |
0 | 1000 | 1000 | 1000 | 1000 |
5 | 840 | 540 | 600 | 800 |
10 | 660 | 360 | 660 | 880 |
15 | 620 | 340 | 720 | 920 |
20 | 600 | 320 | 760 | 960 |
25 | 620 | 340 | 800 | 1040 |
30 | 620 | 340 | 900 | 1040 |
35 | 640 | 340 | 1000 | 1020 |
40 | 680 | 340 | 1100 | 1020 |
45 | 720 | 340 | 1200 | 1040 |
50 | 760 | 340 | 1100 | |
55 | 780 | 340 | 1100 | |
60 | 780 | 340 | 1140 | |
70 | 800 | 340 | 1180 | |
80 | 840 | 340 | 1200 | |
90 | 880 | 340 | ||
100 | 940 | 340 | ||
110 | 960 | 340 | ||
120 | 1000 | 340 | ||
130 | 1080 | 340 | ||
140 | 340 | |||
150 | 340 | |||
160 | 340 | |||
170 | 340 | |||
180 | 340 | |||
190 | 340 | |||
200 | 340 | |||
210 | 340 | |||
220 | 340 | |||
230 | 340 | |||
240 | 340 | |||
250 | 340 | |||
260 | 340 | |||
270 | 340 | |||
280 | 340 | |||
290 | 340 | |||
300 | 340 | |||
310 | 340 | |||
320 | 340 | |||
330 | 340 | |||
340 | 340 | |||
350 | 340 | |||
360 | 340 | |||
370 | 340 | |||
380 | 340 | |||
390 | 340 | |||
400 | 340 | |||
410 | 340 | |||
420 | 340 | |||
430 | 340 | |||
440 | 340 | |||
450 | 340 | |||
460 | 340 | |||
470 | 340 | |||
480 | 340 | |||
490 | 340 | |||
500 | 340 | |||
510 | 340 | |||
520 | 340 | |||
530 | 340 | |||
540 | 340 | |||
550 | 340 | |||
560 | 340 | |||
570 | 340 | |||
580 | 340 | |||
590 | 340 | |||
600 | 340 |
實例 | 實例4 | 實例5 | 實例6 | 實例7 | 實例8 | 比較實例2 | 比較實例3 |
名稱 | 1000PPM 2PH | 20PPM ACP 1400+500PPM 2PH | 20PPM ACP 1400+1000PPM 2PH | 5000PPM EH | 50PPM ACP 1400+1000PPM EH | 20PPM ACP 1400 | 50PPM ACP 1400 |
循環 | 塌陷時間 (s) | 塌陷時間 (s) | 塌陷時間 (s) | 塌陷時間 (s) | 塌陷時間 (s) | 塌陷時間 (s) | 塌陷時間 (s) |
1 | 23.57 | 5.66 | 7.94 | 6.95 | 3.84 | 17.39 | 15.03 |
2 | 300 | 26.73 | 22.64 | 300 | 17.72 | 29.61 | 20.98 |
3 | 28.47 | 30.05 | 22.81 | 41.16 | 21.88 | ||
4 | 45.66 | 40.82 | 31.16 | 66.11 | 31.3 | ||
5 | 39.24 | 35.51 | 23.65 | 76.76 | 37.19 | ||
6 | 31.14 | 33.64 | 29.46 | 132.89 | 52.21 | ||
7 | 51.15 | 32.64 | 36.4 | 300 | 73.74 | ||
8 | 40.39 | 39.61 | 36.16 | 190.23 | |||
9 | 54.84 | 42.41 | 41.34 | 300 | |||
10 | 80.73 | 39.02 | 48.34 | ||||
11 | 300 | 46.19 | 53.85 | ||||
12 | 58.54 | 65.87 | |||||
13 | 73.08 | 85.14 | |||||
14 | 111.24 | 300 |
無
各種實施例揭示於以下具體實施方式及隨附圖式中:
圖1係泵測試組件之圖式。
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