TWI820154B - 固體攝像裝置及電子機器 - Google Patents

固體攝像裝置及電子機器 Download PDF

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TWI820154B
TWI820154B TW108120987A TW108120987A TWI820154B TW I820154 B TWI820154 B TW I820154B TW 108120987 A TW108120987 A TW 108120987A TW 108120987 A TW108120987 A TW 108120987A TW I820154 B TWI820154 B TW I820154B
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前田英訓
若野壽史
大竹悠介
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日商索尼半導體解決方案公司
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Abstract

本發明係於SPAD光電二極體中,可不拘於距離遠近而正確地捕捉被攝體。本揭示之固體攝像裝置(1000)具備:像素分離部(100),其依每個像素劃定光電轉換區域(200);第1半導體層(106),其設置於上述光電轉換區域;及第2半導體層(108),於其與上述第1半導體層之間被施加用於電子倍增之電壓;且構成為複數個上述像素之感度不同。藉由該構成,於SPAD光電二極體中,可不拘於距離遠近而正確地捕捉被攝體。

Description

固體攝像裝置及電子機器
本發明係關於一種固體攝像裝置及電子機器。
先前,於下述專利文獻1中記載有使第1像素之受光面積與第2像素之受光面積不同之光電轉換元件。 [先前技術文獻] [專利文獻]
[專利文獻1]日本專利特開2017-117834號公報
[發明所欲解決之問題]
近來,已知有對設置於每個像素中劃定之光電轉換區域之第1半導體層與第2半導體層之間施加用於電子倍增之電壓的所謂之SPAD(Single Photon Avalanche Diode:單光子崩潰二極體)光電二極體。
該SPAD光電二極體中,於拍攝高亮度之被攝體之情形等時,入射之光量較多之情形與光量較少之情形相比,受光信號相對於光量之關係發生變化。於此種情形時,產生無法正確測距被攝體之問題。
更具體而言,於SPAD光電二極體之測距範圍擴大時,為了覆蓋至較遠距離,必須準備高感度之SPAD光電二極體。然而,於高感度之SPAD光電二極體中,由於入射之光量較多之情形與光量較少之情形相比,受光信號相對於光量之關係發生變化,故出現無法對太陽光等高照度之光測距之狀況。
於上述專利文獻1記載之技術中,藉由將像素設為不同之尺寸而改變每個像素之感度。於此種手法中,因必須進行所謂之變更像素之胞尺寸之相對較大規模之構造變更,故有設計變更上耗費繁瑣之工夫,且招致製造成本增大的問題。
因此,於SPAD光電二極體中,期望可不拘於距離遠近而正確地捕捉被攝體。 [解決問題之技術手段]
根據本揭示,提供一種固體攝像裝置,其具備:像素分離部,其依每個像素劃定光電轉換區域;第1半導體層,其設置於上述光電轉換區域;及第2半導體層,於其與上述第1半導體層之間被施加用於電子倍增之電壓;且構成為複數個上述像素之感度不同。 又,根據本揭示,提供一種電子機器,其具備固體攝像裝置,該固體攝像裝置具有:像素分離部,其依每個像素劃定光電轉換區域;第1半導體層,其設置於上述光電轉換區域;及第2半導體層,於其與上述第1半導體層之間被施加用於電子倍增之電壓;且構成為複數個上述像素之上述光電轉換區域之感度不同。 [發明之效果]
根據如上說明之本揭示,於SPAD光電二極體中,可不拘於距離遠近而正確地捕捉被攝體。 另,上述效果並非限定者,亦可與上述效果一起或代替上述效果而取得本說明書所顯示之任一效果、或可根據本說明書掌握之其他效果。
以下一面參照隨附圖式,一面對本揭示之較佳實施形態詳細地進行說明。另,本說明書及圖式中,對於實質上具有同一功能構成之構成要素,藉由附註同一符號而省略重複說明。
另,說明係按以下之順序進行。 1.本實施形態之固體攝像元件之構成例 1.1.固體攝像元件之基本構成例 1.2.使聚光透鏡之大小依每個像素而異之例 1.3.使遮光膜之寬度依每個像素而異之例 1.4.使光電轉換部與聚光透鏡間之透過膜之膜厚不同之例 2.本實施形態之固體攝像元件之應用例
1.本實施形態之固體攝像元件之構成例
1.1.固體攝像元件之基本構成例
有藉由進行電子倍增而實現具有1光子位準之讀出感度之光電二極體之SPAD(Single Photon Avalanche Diode)之技術。於SPAD中,為引起倍增而使用±數10V左右之高電壓。SPAD係可藉由使設置於每個像素之高電場之PN接合區域中以光電轉換發生之載子倍增,而依每個像素檢測1個光子的器件。
圖1係顯示本揭示之一實施形態之固體攝像元件(SPAD光電二極體;固體攝像裝置)1000之俯視圖。於圖1中,顯示固體攝像元件1000所具備之4個像素。又,圖2係顯示固體攝像元件1000之1像素之構成之概略剖視圖。於本實施形態中,下層胞尺寸相同,但改變上層聚光部分之透鏡尺寸、形狀、遮光寬度,藉此不變更下層佈局,而僅以上層佈局之變更來控制感度。
如圖1及圖2所示,固體攝像元件1000之各像素由像素分離部100劃分,於各像素構成光電轉換部200。像素分離部100作為一例由絕緣膜或金屬膜構成。如圖2所示,於由像素分離部100劃分之各像素,設置有自像素分離部100之邊緣延設至各像素底部之P型層102,且於P型層102之內側設置有N型層104。
又,於光電轉換部200之光照射面側(圖式上為上側)設置有高濃度之N型層106,於高濃度之N型層106之下層設置有高濃度之P型層108。又, 於沿像素分離部100形成之P型層102之上部設置有高濃度之P型層110。作為一例,為了引起上述之電子倍增,而於P型層108與N型層104之間施加高電壓。另,雜質層之導電型為一例,亦可替換P與N而設為相反之導電型。又,變為高電場之倍增區域之形成方法亦可考慮其他各種方法。再者,亦可設置用以分離倍增區域之雜質注入區域、或設置STI(Sallow Trench Isolation:淺溝渠隔離)等作為像素分離部100。
1.2.使聚光透鏡之大小依每個像素而異之例
於光電轉換部200之上部,設置有使光聚光於光電轉換部200之聚光透鏡300。如圖1所示,聚光透鏡300依每個像素以不同之尺寸形成。
於圖1所示之例中,圖式上,左上方之像素與右下方之像素之聚光透鏡300之大小係以大於左下方之像素與右上方之像素之聚光透鏡300之尺寸構成。藉此,根據聚光透鏡300之大小,可依每個像素變更進行光電轉換時之感度。另,於圖1所示之例中,左上方之像素與右下方之像素之聚光透鏡300之大小相同,左下方之像素與右上方之像素之聚光透鏡300之大小相同。
於圖1所示之例中,將聚光透鏡300之位置配置於像素之中心,但亦可根據攝像面之像素區域中之像素之位置,以自像素之中心偏移之方式配置聚光透鏡300之位置。例如,位於像素區域右上方之像素中,相對於像素之中心將聚光透鏡300配置於左下方。藉此,可根據攝像面中之像素之位置,最佳地配置聚光透鏡300之位置。
圖3係與圖1同樣地顯示固體攝像元件1000之俯視圖,且顯示具備數種尺寸之聚光透鏡300之例之圖。又,圖4係顯示設置有不具備聚光透鏡300之像素之例之俯視圖。又,圖5係顯示於1像素設置有複數個聚光透鏡300之例之俯視圖。於圖3~圖5之例中,可根據聚光透鏡300之大小,依每個像素變更進行光電轉換時之感度。
如圖4所示,藉由設置不具備聚光透鏡300之像素,相對於設置有聚光透鏡300之像素,可實現更廣之感度差。又,如圖5所示,可藉由於1像素設置有複數個聚光透鏡300,而提高聚光效率。又,可藉由調整複數個聚光透鏡300之個數,而容易地調整感度。如上所述,於圖3~圖5所示之例中,亦可依每個像素進行感度調整。
1.3.使遮光膜之寬度依每個像素不同之例
圖6及圖7係顯示藉由依每個像素改變遮光膜之寬度,而依每個像素進行感度調整之例之模式圖。圖6係與圖1同樣地顯示固體攝像元件1000之俯視圖,且顯示固體攝像元件1000具備之4個像素。
於圖6中,包含光電轉換部200之各像素之基本構成與圖1及圖2同樣。於圖6中,於一部分像素設置有遮光膜(對應於遮光部)400。圖7係顯示設置有遮光膜400之像素之構成之概略剖視圖。遮光膜400具有遮擋入射至光電轉換部200之光之一部分之功能。如此,藉由於一部分之像素設置遮光膜400,而可依每個像素進行感度調整。另,於圖7中,亦可於遮光膜400之上方設置聚光透鏡300。
圖8係顯示3個像素之遮光膜400之構成之概略剖視圖。如圖8所示,對應於各像素之光電轉換部200分別設置有聚光透鏡300。又,於各像素之光電轉換部200上方設置有遮光膜400。各像素為相同之胞尺寸,但被遮光膜400遮蔽之區域之寬度不同。藉此,可依每個像素進行感度調整。
同樣,圖9係顯示固體攝像元件1000之俯視圖,且顯示將複數種不同之遮光寬度之遮光膜400設置於4個像素中之3像素之例的圖。藉此,可依每個像素進行感度調整。
圖10係顯示遮光膜400之開口形狀之變化之俯視圖。於圖10中,將圖式上右上方與左下方之像素之遮光膜400之開口形狀設為十字形狀。又,將右下方像素之遮光膜400之開口形狀設為圓形。遮光膜400之開口形狀可設為矩形、多角形、圓形等各種形狀。
1.4.使光電轉換部與聚光透鏡間之透過膜之膜厚不同之例 圖11係顯示使設置於光電轉換部200與聚光透鏡300間之透過膜500之膜厚不同之例的模式圖。照射至光電轉換部200之光照射面之光透過透過膜500並入射至光電轉換部200。透過膜500由絕緣膜構成。又,亦可由金屬膜構成透過膜500。
圖11係顯示3個像素之透過膜500之構成之概略剖視圖。如圖11所示,對應於各像素之光電轉換部200分別設置有聚光透鏡300。於各像素中,透過膜500設置於聚光透鏡300與光電轉換部200之間。
如圖11所示,可形成為中央之像素之透過膜500之膜厚薄於其兩側之像素之透過膜500者。圖12係相對於圖11所示之構成,顯示各像素之光電轉換部200之詳細構成之概略剖視圖。光電轉換部200之詳細構成與圖2所示者同樣。另,於圖12中省略了聚光透鏡300之圖示。如此,可藉由使透過膜500之膜厚依每個像素而異而依每個像素進行感度調整。
2.本實施形態之固體攝像元件之應用例 圖13係顯示作為應用本技術之電子機器之相機裝置2000之構成例之方塊圖。圖20所示之相機裝置2000具備包含透鏡群等之光學部2100、上述之固體攝像裝置(攝像器件)1000、及相機信號處理裝置即DSP(Digital Signal Processor:數位信號處理器)電路2200。又,相機裝置2000亦具備訊框記憶體2300、顯示部(顯示裝置)2400、記錄部2500、操作部2600、及電源部2700。DSP電路2200、訊框記憶體2300、顯示部2400、記錄部2500、操作部2600及電源部2700經由匯流排線2800相互連接。
光學部2100擷取來自被攝體之入射光(圖像光)而於固體攝像裝置1000之攝像面上成像。固體攝像裝置1000將藉由光學部2100成像於攝像面上之入射光之光量以像素單位轉換為電氣信號且作為像素信號輸出。
顯示部2400包含例如液晶面板或有機EL(Electro Luminescence:電致發光)面板等面板型顯示裝置,且顯示以固體攝像裝置1000拍攝到之動態圖像或靜態圖像。DSP電路2200接收自固體攝像裝置1000輸出之像素信號,且進行使顯示部2400顯示之處理。記錄部2500將以固體攝像裝置1000拍攝到之動態圖像或靜態圖像記錄於錄影帶或DVD(Digital Versatile Disk:數位多功能光碟)等記錄媒體。
操作部2600於使用者之操作下,就固體攝像裝置1000所具有之各種功能發出操作指令。電源部2700對DSP電路2200、訊框記憶體2300、顯示部2400、記錄部2500及操作部2600等供給對象適當地供給成為其等之動作電源之各種電源。
根據以上說明之本實施形態,僅變更固體攝像裝置1000之上層佈局即可實現具有不同感度之像素,可實現較廣之動態範圍之固體攝像元件1000。
以上,雖已一面參照隨附圖式,一面對本發明之較佳實施形態詳細地進行說明,但本揭示之技術範圍並非限定於上述例。應明瞭,凡是具有本揭示之技術領域之一般知識者,當可於申請專利範圍記載之技術思想之範疇內想到各種變更例或修正例,且應了解該等當然亦為屬於本揭示之技術範圍內者。
又,本說明書記載之效果僅為說明性或例示性者而非限定者。即,本揭示之技術可與上述效果一起,或代替上述效果而根據本說明書之記載取得業者明瞭之其他效果。
另,以下構成亦屬於本揭示之技術範圍。 (1) 一種固體攝像裝置,其具備: 像素分離部,其依每個像素劃定光電轉換區域; 第1半導體層,其設置於上述光電轉換區域;及 第2半導體層,於其與上述第1半導體層之間被施加用於電子倍增之電壓;且構成為 複數個上述像素之上述光電轉換區域之感度不同。 (2) 如上述(1)記載之固體攝像裝置,其具備: 聚光透鏡,其依每個上述像素中,設置於光照射面;且 依每個像素設置有不同之大小之上述聚光透鏡。 (3) 如上述(2)記載之固體攝像裝置,其具有不具備上述聚光透鏡之上述像素。 (4) 如上述(2)記載之固體攝像裝置,其中於1像素設置有複數個上述聚光透鏡。 (5) 如上述(1)記載之固體攝像裝置,其具備: 遮光部,其依每個上述像素遮擋到達上述光電轉換區域之光照射面之光;且 上述遮光部之遮光寬度依每個上述像素而異。 (6) 如上述(5)記載之固體攝像裝置,其中上述遮光部之開口形狀為多角形或圓形。 (7) 如上述(1)記載之固體攝像裝置,其具備: 透過膜,其依每個上述像素設置於上述光電轉換區域之光照射面,且透過到達光照射面之光;且 依每個上述像素設置有厚度不同之上述透過膜。 (8) 一種電子機器,其具備固體攝像裝置,該固體攝像裝置具有:像素分離部,其依每個像素劃定光電轉換區域;第1半導體層,其設置於上述光電轉換區域;及第2半導體層,於其與上述第1半導體層之間被施加用於電子倍增之電壓;且構成為複數個上述像素之上述光電轉換區域之感度不同。
100‧‧‧元件分離部 102‧‧‧P型層 104‧‧‧N型層 106‧‧‧N型層 108‧‧‧P型層
110:P型層
100:像素分離部
200:光電轉換部(光電轉換區域)
300:聚光透鏡
400:遮光膜
500:透過膜
1000:固體攝像元件(固體攝像裝置)
2000:相機裝置
2100:光學部
2200:DSP電路(相機信號處理裝置)
2300:訊框記憶體
2400:顯示部
2500:記錄部
2600:操作部
2700:電源部
2800:匯流排線
圖1係顯示本揭示之一實施形態之固體攝像元件(SPAD光電二極體)之俯視圖。 圖2係顯示固體攝像元件之1像素之構成之概略剖視圖。 圖3係與圖1同樣地顯示固體攝像元件之俯視圖,且顯示具備數種尺寸之聚光透鏡之例之圖。 圖4係顯示設置有不具備聚光透鏡之像素之例之俯視圖。 圖5係顯示於1像素設置複數個聚光透鏡之例之俯視圖。 圖6係顯示藉由依每個像素改變遮光膜之寬度,而依每個像素進行感度調整之例之模式圖。 圖7係顯示藉由依每個像素改變遮光膜之寬度,而依每個像素進行感度調整之例之模式圖。 圖8係顯示3個像素之遮光膜之構成之概略剖視圖。 圖9係顯示固體攝像元件之俯視圖,且顯示將複數種不同之遮光寬度之遮光膜設置於4個像素中之3像素之例的圖。 圖10係顯示遮光膜之開口形狀之變化之俯視圖。 圖11係顯示使設置於光電轉換部與聚光透鏡間之透過膜之膜厚不同之例之模式圖。 圖12係相對於圖11所示之構成,顯示光電轉換部之詳細構成之概略剖視圖。 圖13係顯示作為應用本技術之電子機器之相機裝置之構成例之方塊圖。
100‧‧‧元件分離部
102‧‧‧P型層
104‧‧‧N型層
106‧‧‧N型層
200‧‧‧光電轉換部(光電轉換區域)
300‧‧‧聚光透鏡
1000‧‧‧固體攝像元件(固體攝像裝置)

Claims (12)

  1. 一種固體攝像裝置,其具備:複數個像素,其中上述複數個像素之每個像素被像素分離部劃分(partitioned),且上述複數個像素之每個像素包含:光電轉換區域及設置於上述光電轉換區域之第1半導體層;第2半導體層,其設置於上述光電轉換區域之下方;及第3半導體層,其設置於上述第2半導體層之下方,其被施加用於電子倍增(electron multiplication)之電壓,且該電壓係於上述第2半導體層與上述第3半導體層之間施加;且上述複數個像素之每個像素之感度不同(varied)。
  2. 如請求項1之固體攝像裝置,其具備:聚光透鏡,其依上述複數個像素之每個像素設置於光照射面;且上述聚光透鏡係依上述複數個像素之每個像素而具有不同尺寸(size)。
  3. 如請求項1之固體攝像裝置,其進而具備聚光透鏡,且上述複數個像素之1個或更多之像素包含上述聚光透鏡。
  4. 如請求項1之固體攝像裝置,其進而具備複數個聚光透鏡,且上述複數個聚光透鏡設置於上述複數個像素之至少1個像素。
  5. 如請求項1之固體攝像裝置,其進而具備:遮光部,其依上述複數個像素之每個像素遮擋到達上述光電轉換區域之光照射面之光;且上述遮光部之遮光寬度依上述複數個像素而不同。
  6. 如請求項5之固體攝像裝置,其中上述遮光部之開口形狀為圓形。
  7. 如請求項1之固體攝像裝置,其進而具備:透過膜,其依上述複數個像素之每個像素設置於上述光電轉換區域之光照射面,且透過到達光照射面之光;且依上述複數個像素之每個像素設置之上述透過膜係依上述複數個像素之每個像素而厚度不同。
  8. 如請求項1之固體攝像裝置,其進而具備:聚光透鏡,其依上述複數個像素之至少1個像素設置於光照射面;且上述聚光透鏡之尺寸大於上述光電轉換區域之尺寸。
  9. 如請求項1之固體攝像裝置,其進而具備:第4半導體層,其自上述像素分離部之邊緣延伸至上述複數個像素之每個像素之底部,且上述第4半導體層包含上述第3半導體層。
  10. 如請求項1之固體攝像裝置,其進而具備:遮光部,其依上述複數個像素之每個像素遮擋到達上述光電轉換區 域之光照射面之光;且上述複數個像素之第1像素的上述遮光部之開口形狀為圓形(circle),且上述複數個像素之第2像素的上述遮光部之開口形狀為多角形(polygon)。
  11. 如請求項1之固體攝像裝置,其進而具備:複數個聚光透鏡,其設置於上述複數個像素之至少1個像素,且上述複數個像素之上述至少1個像素之感度係根據設置於上述至少1個像素之上述複數個聚光透鏡之數量而不同。
  12. 一種電子機器,其具備固體攝像裝置,該固體攝像裝置具有:複數個像素,其上述複數個像素之每個像素被像素分離部劃分,且上述複數個像素之每個像素包含:光電轉換區域及設置於上述光電轉換區域之第1半導體層;第2半導體層,其設置於上述光電轉換區域之下方;及第3半導體層,其設置於上述第2半導體層之下方,其被施加用於電子倍增之電壓,且該電壓係於上述第2半導體層與上述第3半導體層之間施加;且上述複數個像素之每個像素之感度不同。
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