CN210092085U - 固体摄像装置以及电子设备 - Google Patents

固体摄像装置以及电子设备 Download PDF

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CN210092085U
CN210092085U CN201920894204.2U CN201920894204U CN210092085U CN 210092085 U CN210092085 U CN 210092085U CN 201920894204 U CN201920894204 U CN 201920894204U CN 210092085 U CN210092085 U CN 210092085U
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state imaging
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前田英训
若野寿史
大竹悠介
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Sony Semiconductor Solutions Corp
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Abstract

本实用新型提供一种固体摄像装置以及电子设备,在SPAD光电二极管中,与远距离、近距离无关地正确捕捉被摄体。本实用新型的固体摄像装置(1000)具备:像素分离部(100),针对每个像素划定光电转换区域(200);第1半导体层(106),设置于所述光电转换区域;以及第2半导体层(108),在与所述第1半导体层之间施加用于电子倍增的电压,所述固体摄像装置构成为,多个所述像素的所述光电转换区域的灵敏度不同。通过该结构,在SPAD光电二极管中,能够与远距离、近距离无关地正确捕捉被摄体。

Description

固体摄像装置以及电子设备
技术领域
本实用新型涉及固体摄像装置以及电子设备。
背景技术
以往,在下述的专利文献1中记载了使第1像素的受光面积与第2像素的受光面积不同的光电转换元件。
专利文献1:日本专利公开公报特开2017-117834号
近来,已知有在设置于针对每个像素划定的光电转换区域的第1半导体层与第2半导体层之间施加用于电子倍增的电压的所谓的SPAD光电二极管。
在该SPAD光电二极管中,在对高亮度的被摄体进行摄像的情况等、入射的光量多的情况下,与光量少的情况相比,受光信号相对于光量的关系产生变化。在这种情况下,产生无法正确地对被摄体进行测距的问题。
更具体而言,在SPAD光电二极管的测距范围扩大中,为了覆盖到远距离,需要准备高灵敏度的SPAD光电二极管。但是,在高灵敏度的SPAD光电二极管中,在入射的光量多的情况下,与光量少的情况相比,受光信号相对于光量的关系产生变化,因此,产生相对于太阳光等的高照度的光无法进行测距的状况。
在上述专利文献1所记载的技术中,通过将像素设为不同的尺寸,针对每个像素改变灵敏度。在这样的方法中,需要像素的单元尺寸的变更这样的比较大规模的结构的变更,因此,存在在设计变更上花费繁杂的功夫,并且导致制造成本增大的问题。
因此,在SPAD光电二极管中,期望与远距离、近距离无关地正确捕捉被摄体。
实用新型内容
根据本实用新型,提供一种固体摄像装置,具备:像素分离部,针对每个像素划定光电转换区域;第1半导体层,设置于所述光电转换区域;以及第2半导体层,在与所述第1半导体层之间施加用于电子倍增的电压,所述固体摄像装置构成为,多个所述像素的所述光电转换区域的灵敏度不同。
此外,根据本实用新型,提供一种电子设备,具备固体摄像装置,所述固体摄像装置具备:像素分离部,针对每个像素划定光电转换区域;第1半导体层,设置于所述光电转换区域;以及第2半导体层,在与所述第1半导体层之间施加用于电子倍增的电压,所述固体摄像装置构成为,多个所述像素的所述光电转换区域的灵敏度不同。
如以上说明的那样,根据本实用新型,在SPAD光电二极管中,能够与远距离、近距离无关地正确地捕捉被摄体。
另外,并不限定于上述效果,可以在上述效果的基础上或代替上述效果,起到本说明书所示的任意一种效果或者能够从本说明书掌握的其他效果。
附图说明
图1是表示本实用新型的一个实施方式的固体摄像元件(SPAD光电二极管)的俯视图。
图2是表示固体摄像元件的一个像素的结构的概要截面图。
图3是与图1相同地表示固体摄像元件的俯视图,且是表示具备多种尺寸的聚光透镜的例子的图。
图4是表示设置有不具备聚光透镜的像素的例子的俯视图。
图5是表示在一个像素设置多个聚光透镜的例子的俯视图。
图6是表示通过针对每个像素改变遮光膜的宽度来针对每个像素进行灵敏度调整的例子的示意图。
图7是表示通过针对每个像素改变遮光膜的宽度来针对每个像素进行灵敏度的调整例子的示意图。
图8是表示3个像素的遮光膜的结构的概要截面图。
图9是表示固体摄像元件的俯视图,且是表示在4个像素中的3个像素设置多种不同的遮光宽度的遮光膜的例子的图。
图10是表示遮光膜的开口的形状的变形的俯视图。
图11是表示使设置在光电转换部与聚光透镜之间的透射膜的膜厚不同的例子的示意图。
图12是相对于图11所示的结构示出光电转换部的详细结构的概要截面图。
图13是表示作为应用了本技术的电子设备的相机装置的结构例的框图。
附图标记说明:
300:聚光透镜;400:遮光膜;500:透射膜;1000:固体摄像元件。
具体实施方式
以下,参照附图对本实用新型的优选实施方式进行详细说明。另外,在本说明书以及附图中,对具有实质相同的功能结构的构成要素标注相同的附图标记,由此省略重复说明。
另外,按照以下的顺序进行说明。
1.本实施方式的固体摄像元件的结构例
1.1.固体摄像元件的基本结构例
1.2.针对每个像素使聚光透镜的大小不同的例子
1.3.针对每个像素使遮光膜的宽度不同的例子
1.4.使光电转换部与聚光透镜之间的透射膜的膜厚不同的例子
2.本实施方式的固体摄像元件的应用例
1.本实施方式的固体摄像元件的结构例
1.1.固体摄像元件的基本构成例
存在实现通过进行电子倍增而具有一个光子水平的读取灵敏度的光电二极管的SPAD(Single Photon Avalanche Diode,单光子雪崩二极管)的技术。在SPAD中,为了产生倍增而使用±几10V左右的高电压。SPAD是使在针对每个像素设置的高电场的PN结区域中通过光电转换而产生的载流子倍增,由此能够针对每个像素检测一个光子的设备。
图1是表示本实用新型的一个实施方式的固体摄像元件(SPAD光电二极管;固体摄像装置)1000的俯视图。在图1中示出固体摄像元件1000所具备的4个像素。此外,图2是表示固体摄像元件1000的一个像素的结构的概要截面图。在本实施方式中,下层单元尺寸相同,但改变上层的聚光部分的透镜尺寸、形状、遮光宽度,由此,无需变更下层布局,仅通过变更上层布局就能够控制灵敏度。
如图1以及图2所示,固体摄像元件1000的各像素由元件分离部100划分,在各像素形成光电转换部200。元件分离部100作为一例由绝缘膜或者金属膜构成。如图2所示,在由元件分离部100划分的各像素设置有从元件分离部100的边缘延伸到各像素的底部的P型层102,在P型层102的内侧设置有N型层104。
此外,在光电转换部200的光照射面侧(在附图中为上侧)设置有高浓度的N型层106,在高浓度的N型层106的下层设置有高浓度的P型层108。此外,在沿着元件分离部100形成的P型层102的上部设置有高浓度的P型层110。作为一例,为了产生上述的电子倍增,在P型层108与N型层104之间施加高电压。另外,杂质层的导电型是一个例子,也可以是将P与N替换成相反的导电型。另外,成为高电场的倍增区域的制作方法也可以考虑其他各种方法。进而,也可以设置用于分离倍增区域的杂质注入区域,或者作为像素分离部150而设置STI(Sallow Trench Isolation)等。
1.2.针对每个像素使聚光透镜的大小不同的例子
在光电转换部200的上部设置有使光聚光到光电转换部200的聚光透镜300。如图1所示,聚光透镜300针对每个像素以不同的尺寸形成。
在图1所示的例子中,在附图中左上的像素与右下的像素的聚光透镜300的大小以比左下的像素与右上的像素的聚光透镜300大的尺寸构成。由此,能够根据聚光透镜300的大小,针对每个像素变更进行光电转换时的灵敏度。此外,在图1所示的例子中,左上的像素与右下的像素的聚光透镜300的大小相同,左下的像素与右上的像素的聚光透镜300的大小相同。
在图1所示的例子中,将聚光透镜300的位置配置在像素的中心,但是也可以根据摄像面的像素区域中的像素的位置,将聚光透镜300的位置配置成从像素的中心错开。例如,在位于像素区域的右上的像素中,相对于像素的中心在左下配置聚光透镜300。由此,能够根据摄像面中的像素的位置,最佳地配置聚光透镜300的位置。
图3是与图1相同地表示固体摄像元件的俯视图,且是表示具备多种尺寸的聚光透镜的例子的图。另外,图4是表示设置有不具备聚光透镜的像素的例子的俯视图。另外,图5是表示在一个像素设置多个聚光透镜的例子的俯视图。在图3~图5的例子中,也能够根据聚光透镜300的大小,针对每个像素变更进行光电转换时的灵敏度。
如图4所示,通过设置不具备聚光透镜300的像素,能够相对于设置有聚光透镜300的像素实现更大的灵敏度差。此外,如图5所示,通过在一个像素设置多个聚光透镜300,能够提高聚光效率。此外,通过调整多个聚光透镜300的个数,能够容易地调整灵敏度。如以上那样,在图3~图5所示的例子中,也能够针对每个像素进行灵敏度调整。
1.3.针对每个像素使遮光膜的宽度不同的例子
图6以及图7是表示通过针对每个像素改变遮光膜的宽度来针对每个像素进行灵敏度调整的例子的示意图。图6是与图1相同地表示固体摄像元件1000的俯视图,表示固体摄像元件1000所具备的4个像素。
在图6中,包括光电转换部200的各像素的基本结构与图1以及图2相同。在图6中,在一部分的像素设置有遮光膜400。图7是表示设置有遮光膜400的像素的结构的概要截面图。遮光膜400具有对向光电转换部200入射的光的一部分进行遮光的功能。这样,通过在一部分的像素设置遮光膜400,能够针对每个像素进行灵敏度调整。此外,在图7中,也可以在遮光膜400上设置聚光透镜300。
图8是表示3个像素的遮光膜400的结构的概要截面图。如图8所示,与各像素的光电转换部200对应地分别设置聚光透镜300。另外,在各像素的光电转换部200上设置有遮光膜400。各像素为相同的单元尺寸,但由遮光膜400遮挡的区域的宽度不同。由此,能够针对每个像素进行灵敏度调整。
同样地,图9是表示固体摄像元件1000的俯视图,且是表示在4个像素中的3个像素设置有多种不同的遮光宽度的遮光膜400的例子的图。由此,能够针对每个像素进行灵敏度调整。
图10是表示遮光膜400的开口的形状的变形的俯视图。在图10中,在附图中右上与左下的像素的遮光膜400的开口的形状为十字形状。此外,右下的像素的遮光膜400的开口的形状为圆形。能够将遮光膜400的开口的形状设为矩形、多边形、圆形等各种形状。
1.4.使光电转换部与聚光透镜之间的透射膜的膜厚不同的例子
图11是表示使设置在光电转换部与聚光透镜之间的透射膜的膜厚不同的例子的示意图。向光电转换部200的光照射面照射的光透射透射膜500并入射到光电转换部200。透射膜500由绝缘膜构成。此外,透射膜500也可以由金属膜构成。
图11是表示3个像素的透射膜500的结构的概要截面图。如图11所示,与各像素的光电转换部200对应地分别设置有聚光透镜300。在各像素中,透射膜500设置在聚光透镜300与光电转换部200之间。
如图11所示,中央的像素的透射膜500的膜厚形成得比其两侧的像素的透射膜500薄。图12是相对于图11所示的结构示出光电转换部的详细结构的概要截面图。光电转换部200的详细结构与图2所示的结构相同。此外,在图12中,省略了聚光透镜300的图示。这样,通过针对每个像素使透射膜500的膜厚不同,能够针对每个像素进行灵敏度调整。
2.本实施方式的固体摄像元件的应用例
图13是表示作为应用了本技术的电子设备的相机装置的结构例的框图。图13所示的相机装置2000具备由透镜组等构成的光学部2100、上述的固体摄像装置(摄像设备)1000以及相机信号处理装置亦即DSP电路2200。此外,相机装置2000还具备帧存储器2300、显示部(显示装置)2400、记录部2500、操作部2600以及电源部2700。DSP电路2200、帧存储器2300、显示部2400、记录部2500、操作部2600以及电源部2700经由总线2800相互连接。
光学部2100取入来自被摄体的入射光(像光),在固体摄像装置1000的摄像面上成像。固体摄像装置1000将由光学部2100在摄像面上成像的入射光的光量以像素为单位转换成电信号并作为像素信号输出。
显示部2400例如由液晶面板、有机EL(Electro Luminescence)面板等的面板型显示装置构成,显示由固体摄像装置1000拍摄的动态图像或者静态图像。DSP电路2200进行用于接收从固体摄像装置1000输出的像素信号并将其显示于显示部2400的处理。记录部2500将由固体摄像装置1000拍摄的动态图像或者静态图像记录在录像带或DVD(DigitalVersatile Disk)等的记录介质中。
操作部2600在用户的操作下,对固体摄像装置1000所具有的多种功能发出操作指令。电源部2700将成为DSP电路2200、帧存储器2300、显示部2400、记录部2500以及操作部2600的动作电源的各种电源对这些供给对象适当地供给。
如以上说明的那样,根据本实施方式,仅通过变更固体摄像装置1000的上层布局,就能够实现具有不同的灵敏度的像素,并且能够实现较宽的动态范围的固体摄像元件1000。
以上,参照附图对本实用新型的优选实施方式进行了详细说明,但本实用新型的技术范围并不限定于这种例子。只要是具有本实用新型的技术领域的通常知识的人,显然能够在权利要求所记载的技术思想的范畴内想到各种变更例或者修正例,应当理解这些变更例或者修正例当然也在本实用新型的技术范围内。
此外,本说明书所记载的效果仅是说明性或者例示性的,而不是限定性的。即,本实用新型的技术可以在上述效果的基础上或者代替上述效果,起到本领域技术人员根据本说明书的记载显而易见的其他效果。
此外,以下的结构也在本实用新型的技术范围内。
(1)一种固体摄像装置,具备:
像素分离部,针对每个像素划定光电转换区域;
第1半导体层,设置于所述光电转换区域;以及
第2半导体层,在与所述第1半导体层之间施加用于电子倍增的电压,
所述固体摄像装置构成为,多个所述像素的所述光电转换区域的灵敏度不同。
(2)在所述(1)所记载的固体摄像装置中,
针对每个所述像素具备设置于光照射面的聚光透镜,
针对每个像素设置有大小不同的所述聚光透镜。
(3)在所述(2)所记载的固体摄像装置中,
所述固体摄像装置具有不具备所述聚光透镜的所述像素。
(4)在所述(2)所记载的固体摄像装置中,
在一个像素设置有多个所述聚光透镜。
(5)在所述(1)所记载的固体摄像装置中,
针对每个所述像素具备遮光部,该遮光部对到达所述光电转换区域的光照射面的光进行遮光,
针对每个所述像素使所述遮光部的遮光宽度不同。
(6)在所述(5)所记载的固体摄像装置中,
所述遮光部的开口的形状为多边形或者圆形。
(7)在所述(1)所记载的固体摄像装置中,
针对每个所述像素具备透射膜,该透射膜设置于所述光电转换区域的光照射面,使到达光照射面的光透射,
针对每个所述像素设置有厚度不同的所述透射膜。
(8)一种电子设备,
所述电子设备具备固体摄像装置,
所述固体摄像装置具备:
像素分离部,针对每个像素划定光电转换区域;
第1半导体层,设置于所述光电转换区域;以及
第2半导体层,在与所述第1半导体层之间施加用于电子倍增的电压,
所述固体摄像装置构成为,多个所述像素的所述光电转换区域的灵敏度不同。

Claims (8)

1.一种固体摄像装置,其特征在于,
所述固体摄像装置具备:
像素分离部,针对每个像素划定光电转换区域;
第1半导体层,设置于所述光电转换区域;以及
第2半导体层,在与所述第1半导体层之间施加用于电子倍增的电压,
所述固体摄像装置构成为,多个所述像素的所述光电转换区域的灵敏度不同。
2.根据权利要求1所述的固体摄像装置,其特征在于,
针对每个所述像素具备设置于光照射面的聚光透镜,
针对每个像素设置有大小不同的所述聚光透镜。
3.根据权利要求2所述的固体摄像装置,其特征在于,
所述固体摄像装置具有不具备所述聚光透镜的所述像素。
4.根据权利要求2所述的固体摄像装置,其特征在于,
在一个像素设置有多个所述聚光透镜。
5.根据权利要求1所述的固体摄像装置,其特征在于,
针对每个所述像素具备遮光部,该遮光部对到达所述光电转换区域的光照射面的光进行遮光,
针对每个所述像素使所述遮光部的遮光宽度不同。
6.根据权利要求5所述的固体摄像装置,其特征在于,
所述遮光部的开口的形状为多边形或者圆形。
7.根据权利要求1所述的固体摄像装置,其特征在于,
针对每个所述像素具备透射膜,该透射膜设置于所述光电转换区域的光照射面,使到达光照射面的光透射,
针对每个所述像素设置有厚度不同的所述透射膜。
8.一种电子设备,其特征在于,
所述电子设备具备固体摄像装置,
所述固体摄像装置具备:
像素分离部,针对每个像素划定光电转换区域;
第1半导体层,设置于所述光电转换区域;以及
第2半导体层,在与所述第1半导体层之间施加用于电子倍增的电压,
所述固体摄像装置构成为,多个所述像素的所述光电转换区域的灵敏度不同。
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