TWI819045B - 結晶型腎上腺素丙二酸鹽 - Google Patents
結晶型腎上腺素丙二酸鹽 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI819045B TWI819045B TW108127025A TW108127025A TWI819045B TW I819045 B TWI819045 B TW I819045B TW 108127025 A TW108127025 A TW 108127025A TW 108127025 A TW108127025 A TW 108127025A TW I819045 B TWI819045 B TW I819045B
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- pharmaceutical composition
- epinephrine
- malonate
- solution
- epinephrine malonate
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Abstract
本文描述腎上腺素鹽,具體言之腎上腺素丙二酸鹽;結晶型腎上腺素丙二酸鹽;包含腎上腺素丙二酸鹽之醫藥組合物;包含結晶型腎上腺素丙二酸鹽之舌下或口含醫藥組合物;及治療患者之方法,包括投與結晶型腎上腺素丙二酸鹽之醫藥組合物。
Description
本發明係關於新穎結晶型醫藥鹽。更特定言之,本發明係關於結晶型腎上腺素丙二酸鹽;包含結晶型腎上腺素丙二酸鹽之醫藥組合物;及治療患者之方法,包括對患者投與結晶型腎上腺素丙二酸鹽之醫藥組合物。
腎上腺素已被用於治療急性過敏(anaphylaxis)達數十年。在1958年,Bose及其同仁研究不同腎上腺素鹽,諸如腎上腺素檸檬酸鹽,重點關注腎上腺素檸檬酸鹽之藥理活性。Bose等人,Observations on the pharmacological activity of different salts of adrenaline, morphine and strychnine
,Indian J Med Res
. 46(2): 193-8(1958年3月)。在1972年,John J. Sciarra及其同仁揭示一種用於製備腎上腺素馬來酸鹽,腎上腺素蘋果酸鹽及腎上腺素富馬酸鹽之方法。John J. Sciarra等人,Synthesis and Formulation of Some Epinephrine Salts as a Aerosol Dosage Form,Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences ,
61(2), 219-223 (1972)。文獻中研究之其他鹽包括腎上腺素鹽酸鹽及腎上腺素酒石酸氫鹽。TE Peddicord等人,Stability of high-concentration dopamine hydrochloride, norepinephrine bitartrate, epinephrine hydrochloride, and nitroglycerin in 5% dextrose injection,Am J Health-Syst Pharm.
54, 1417-1419 (1997);MM Rawas-Qalaji等人,Epinephrine for the Treatment of Anaphylaxis: Do All 40 mg Sublingual Epinephrine Tablet Formulations with Similar In Vitro Characteristics Have the Same Bioavailability?,Biopharm. Drug Dispos.
27, 427–435 (2006)。
本發明係關於新穎結晶型腎上腺素鹽,腎上腺素丙二酸鹽及包含該腎上腺素鹽之醫藥組合物,用於製備該腎上腺素鹽之方法,及用於治療患者之方法,該方法包括對該患者投與該腎上腺素鹽。在一個較佳實施例中,該多晶型結晶型腎上腺素丙二酸鹽具有圖1中鑑定之x-射線粉末繞射圖案。
在某些實施例中,提供包含腎上腺素丙二酸鹽之醫藥組合物。該醫藥組合物可適用於口服、直腸、胃內、局部、顱內、鼻內及非經腸投與。在一較佳實施例中,該醫藥組合物可為舌下或口含錠劑。醫藥調配物可包含醫藥上有效量之腎上腺素丙二酸鹽及一種或多種醫藥上可接受之賦形劑,包括例如填充劑(例如,微晶纖維素)及崩解劑(例如,交聯聚乙烯基聚吡咯啶或低取代羥丙基纖維素)。在某些實施例中,該醫藥組合物可另外包括潤滑劑(例如硬脂酸鎂)及助滑劑(例如二氧化矽)。在某些實施例中,該醫藥組合物可另外包括稀釋劑(例如甘露醇)及/或pH調節劑(例如檸檬酸)。該醫藥組合物可包含0.3至10 mg量之腎上腺素丙二酸鹽。該醫藥組合物可另外包含20至30重量%之量的填充劑及5至15重量%之量的崩解劑。在某些實施例中,該醫藥組合物可在小於或等於30秒內崩解。
在某些實施例中,提供用於製備該腎上腺素丙二酸鹽之方法。該方法可包括將丙二酸添加至腎上腺素鹼於溶劑(例如乙醇)中之溶液中。丙二酸可相對於腎上腺素以至少0.001:1、至少0.01:1、至少1:1、至少2:1、至少3:1、至少5:1、至少10:1、至少25:1、至少50:1、至少100:1、至少500:1之比率添加至溶液中。丙二酸可以小於或等於100:1、小於或等於500:1、小於或等於100:1、小於或等於75:1、小於或等於5:1、小於或等於3:1、小於或等於2:1、小於或等於1:1之比率添加至溶液中。在某些實施例中,丙二酸可以0.01:1至3:1之比率添加至溶液中。在一個較佳實施例中,丙二酸可以相對於腎上腺素1:1當量添加至溶液中。該方法可包括攪拌該溶液並使鹽自溶液沈澱出。該方法可另外包括過濾及乾燥沈澱物。
在某些實施例中,提供用於治療患者之方法。該方法包括對有需要該治療之患者(包括例如患有急性過敏之患者)投與醫藥上有效量之腎上腺素丙二酸鹽。
本發明大體上係關於新穎結晶型腎上腺素鹽。已發現一種新穎腎上腺素鹽(腎上腺素丙二酸鹽),其可以具有醫藥組合物(包括例如舌下及口含醫藥組合物)所需性質之結晶形式獲得。
在下文詳細描述本發明之前,應理解,本發明不限於本文所述之特定方法、方案及試劑,因為此等可變化。亦應理解,本文使用之術語僅用於描述特定實施例之目的,並無意限制本發明之範圍,本發明之範圍僅受隨附申請專利範圍限制。除非另外定義,否則本文使用之所有技術及科學術語具有與本發明所屬領域之一般技術者通常理解之含義相同之含義。
當與數值結合使用時,術語「約」意謂包括具有比指示數值小5%之下限且具有比指示數值大5%之上限之範圍內之數值。
如本文所用,疾病或病症之「治療(treat、treating或treatment)」意謂實現以下中之一者或多者:(a)降低病症之嚴重性及/或持續時間;(b)限制或預防所治療該(等)病症之症狀特徵之發展;(c)抑制所治療該(等)病症之症狀特徵之惡化;(d)限制或預防先前患有該(等)病症之患者之該(等)病症之復發;及(e)限制或預防先前有該(等)病症之症狀之患者之症狀之復發。
根據本發明之「醫藥組合物」可以組合物之形式存在,其中不同活性成分及稀釋劑及/或載劑彼此混合,或可採取組合製劑之形式,其中活性成分以部分或完全不同形式存在。該組合或組合製劑之實例為組分套組。
「治療量」或「治療有效量」為足以達成預期目的之治療劑之量。給定治療劑之有效量將隨諸如藥劑之性質、投藥途徑、接受治療劑之動物之大小及物種及投藥目的等因素而變化。各個別情況下之有效量可由熟練技工根據此項技術中已建立之方法憑經驗確定。
如本文所用,術語「患者」或「個體」最佳係指人類。亦包括可受益於本文所述化合物之任何哺乳動物或鳥類。較佳地,「個體」或「患者」選自由以下組成之群:實驗室動物(例如小鼠或大鼠)、家畜(包括例如豚鼠、兔、雞、火雞、豬、綿羊、山羊、駱駝、牛、馬、驢、貓或狗),或其他靈長類動物,包括黑猩猩。
「醫藥上可接受」意謂對人或動物投藥大體上安全。較佳地,醫藥上可接受之組分為已經由聯邦或州政府之管理機構批准或在United States Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc.,Rockville Md.出版之美國藥典或用於動物及更具體言之用於人類中之其他公認藥典中列出。
在一個實施例中,本發明提供結晶型腎上腺素丙二酸鹽,其外觀為白色粉末。腎上腺素丙二酸鹽可具有1142.7 mg/mL之水溶解度;5.47之pKa;-3.00之分配係數(logP)。結晶型腎上腺素丙二酸鹽之水溶解度驚人地顯著高於其他腎上腺素鹽之水溶解度。高水溶解度使得腎上腺素丙二酸鹽特別適合於透黏膜遞送藥物。藥物之高生物可用度及快速遞送對於腎上腺素尤其重要,腎上腺素用於治療急性過敏,有時在緊急情況下。另外,腎上腺素丙二酸鹽不吸濕且在7、14、30、60、90、120或150天時可表現出有利安定性特性。
腎上腺素丙二酸鹽可為實質上純。例如,腎上腺素丙二酸鹽可具有大於或等於95%、96%、97%、98%、99%、99.5%、99.6%、99.7%、99.8%或99.9%之純度。
腎上腺素丙二酸鹽可具有如圖1中所示之質子核磁共振(H NMR)光譜。
腎上腺素丙二酸鹽可具有如圖2中所示之x射線粉末繞射(XRPD)光譜。如圖2中所示,腎上腺素丙二酸鹽可為多晶型,其特徵在於具有以2θ表示之在約12.1843、13.4653、14.2595、14.6991、15.8664、17.3570、17.9004、19.5883、20.4659、21.5801、22.3908、22.9301、23.8776、24.6585、25.3418、26.0105、26.4829、25.3418、26.0105、26.4829、27.2385、27.8939、29.4741、33.2425、34.2629、34.8439之一個或多個峰之x-射線粉末光譜。
腎上腺素丙二酸鹽可具有最大為約101℃至約106℃,較佳約102℃至104℃之差示掃描量熱法熔融溫度,如圖3中所示。
在另一實施例中,本發明提供包含腎上腺素丙二酸鹽之醫藥組合物。該醫藥組合物可適用於口服、直腸、胃內、局部、顱內、鼻內及非經腸投與。該醫藥組合物可經由任何醫藥上可接受之劑型投與,包括固體、半固體或液體劑型,諸如例如錠劑、栓劑、丸劑、膠囊、粉末、液體、懸浮液或類似物,較佳呈適於單次投與精確劑量之單位劑型,呈立即釋放或持續或控制釋放劑型以用於以預定速率延長投與化合物。該醫藥組合物可包括習知醫藥載劑或賦形劑及至少一種本發明化合物,此外,可包括其他藥劑、醫藥劑、載劑、佐劑等。該醫藥組合物可含有1至95重量%腎上腺素丙二酸鹽,或更佳2至50重量%,5至20重量%,10至20重量%,或5至15重量%腎上腺素丙二酸鹽。另外,該醫藥組合物可在7、14、30天或更長時間時表現出有利安定性特性。
在較佳實施例中,該醫藥組合物適合於舌下或口含錠劑形式之透黏膜投與。該醫藥組合物可包含醫藥上有效量之腎上腺素丙二酸鹽。在某些實施例中,適於以舌下或口含錠劑形式透黏膜投與之醫藥組合物包含0.3至10 mg量之腎上腺素游離鹼。該醫藥組合物可另外包含填充劑(例如,微晶纖維素)及崩解劑(例如,低取代羥丙基纖維素或交聯聚乙烯基聚吡咯啶酮(交聚維酮))。在某些實施例中,該醫藥組合物可另外包括潤滑劑(例如硬脂酸鎂)及/或助滑劑(例如二氧化矽)。在某些實施例中,該醫藥組合物可另外包括稀釋劑(例如甘露醇)。在某些實施例中,該醫藥組合物可另外包括pH調節劑(例如,檸檬酸)。
在某些實施例中,填充劑與崩解劑之比率可為約9:1、9.5:0.5、8:2、7:3及6:4。該醫藥組合物可提供口含或舌下錠劑之快速及完全或實質上完全崩解,且可經調節以控制錠劑之崩解速率。例如,崩解劑比率越高,由於錠劑通過毛細管作用之水滲透性越低,故錠劑之崩解越慢。在某些實施例中,口含或舌下錠劑能夠在小於或等於30秒內實質上或完全崩解。在某些實施例中,該醫藥組合物可包含一種或多種填充劑、一種或多種崩解劑、一種或多種潤滑劑及視情況可選之此項技術中已知之其他賦形劑。例如,該醫藥組合物可包括稀釋劑、黏合劑、助滑劑、著色劑、矯味劑、pH調節劑、包衣材料及類似物中之一者或多者,如此項技術中之一般技術者所理解。
在本發明之一些實施例中,該醫藥組合物包含填充劑,其為微晶纖維素(例如,Ceolus®-PH-301或Ceolus KG 802)。在其他實施例中,填充劑可為以下中之一者或多者:乳糖、碳酸鈣、碳酸氫鈣、磷酸鈣、磷酸氫鈣、硫酸鈣、矽酸鈣、纖維素粉末、右旋糖、葡萄糖結合劑(dextrate)、葡聚醣(dextran)、澱粉、預糊化澱粉、蔗糖、木糖醇、乳糖醇、山梨糖醇、碳酸氫鈉、氯化鈉、聚乙二醇及類似物。在某些實施例中,該醫藥組合物包含15至35重量%,更佳20至30重量%或22至27重量%,或最佳約25重量%之填充劑。
在本發明之一些實施例中,該醫藥組合物包含崩解劑,其為交聯聚乙烯基聚吡咯啶酮(交聚維酮)或低取代羥丙基纖維素。在其他實施例中,崩解劑可為交聯纖維素諸如交聯羧甲基纖維素鈉、交聯羧甲基纖維素或交聯交聯羧甲基纖維素、交聯澱粉諸如澱粉羥乙酸鈉(例如,Explotab®)及其他交聯聚合物中之一者或多者。在某些實施例中,該醫藥組合物包含2至20重量%,更佳5至15重量%或5至10重量%,或最佳約6至8重量%之崩解劑。
在本發明之一些實施例中,該醫藥組合物包含潤滑劑,其為硬脂酸鎂,及/或助滑劑,其為二氧化矽。潤滑劑為防止、減少或抑制材料之黏附或摩擦之化合物。助滑劑為改善組合物之流動性之化合物。在其他實施例中,潤滑劑及助滑劑可為以下中之一者或多者:硬脂酸、氫氧化鈣、滑石、硬脂醯富馬酸鈉、烴諸如礦物油或氫化植物油諸如氫化大豆油、高碳數脂肪酸及其鹼金屬及鹼土金屬鹽,諸如硬脂酸鋁、硬脂酸鈣、硬脂酸鎂、硬脂酸鋅、硬脂酸鈉、甘油、蠟、Stearowet®、硼酸、苯甲酸鈉、醋酸鈉、氯化鈉、亮胺酸、聚乙二醇(例如PEG-4000)或甲氧基聚乙二醇、油酸鈉、苯甲酸鈉、山萮酸甘油酯、聚乙二醇、十二烷基硫酸鎂或十二烷基硫酸鈉、膠體二氧化矽、澱粉諸如玉米澱粉、聚矽氧油。在某些實施例中,該醫藥組合物包含潤滑劑及/或助滑劑,各自量為0.1至5重量%,更佳0.5至4重量%,或最佳約1至3重量%。
在本發明之一些實施例中,該醫藥組合物包括稀釋劑,其為甘露醇。在其他實施例中,稀釋劑可為乳糖、澱粉、山梨糖醇、右旋糖、磷酸三鈣、磷酸鈣、無水乳糖、噴霧乾燥乳糖、預糊化澱粉、羥丙基甲基纖維素、乙酸硬脂酸羥丙基甲基纖維素、蔗糖基稀釋劑、單水合單鹼式硫酸鈣、脫水硫酸鈣、三水合乳酸鈣、葡聚醣、水解穀物固體、直鏈澱粉、纖維素粉末、碳酸鈣、甘胺酸、高嶺土或氯化鈉。在某些實施例中,該醫藥組合物包含25至75重量%,更佳35至60重量%,最佳45至55重量%之量的稀釋劑。
在本發明之一些實施例中,該醫藥組合物包括pH調節劑,其為檸檬酸。在其他實施例中,pH調節劑可為硼酸、乳酸、蘋果酸、磷酸、磷酸二氫鈉或酒石酸。在某些實施例中,該醫藥組合物包含0.1至3重量%,更佳0.1至2重量%,或最佳約0.1至1重量%之稀釋劑。
在某些實施例中,該等醫藥調配物可藉由使用直接壓製來製造。如一般技術者所理解,該等醫藥調配物可如Keith J. Simons等人,Fast-Disintegrating Sublingual Tablets : Effect of Epinephrine Load on Tablet Characteristics
,AAPS PharmSciTech 7(2): E41 (2006年2月)所述設計及製備,其以引用方式併入本文中。
在其他實施例中,本發明提供用於製造腎上腺素丙二酸鹽之方法。該方法可包括將丙二酸添加至包含腎上腺素及溶劑之溶液中。丙二酸可以相對於腎上腺素至少0.001:1、至少0.01:1、至少1:1、至少2:1、至少3:1、至少5:1、至少10:1、至少25:1、至少50:1、至少100:1、至少500:1之比率添加至溶液中。丙二酸可以小於或等於100:1、小於或等於500:1、小於或等於100:1、小於或等於75:1、小於或等於或等於5:1、小於或等於3:1、小於或等於2:1、小於或等於1:1之比率添加至溶液中。在某些實施例中,丙二酸可以0.01:1至3:1之比率添加至溶液中。在一個較佳實施例中,丙二酸可以相對於腎上腺素1:1當量添加至溶液中。該方法可另外包括攪拌該溶液。該方法可另外包括向該溶液中添加額外溶劑。該方法可另外包括攪拌該溶液。該方法可另外包括使腎上腺素鹽自溶液沈澱出。該方法可另外包括過濾沈澱物。該方法可另外包括乾燥沈澱物。在該方法中,該溶劑可為醇、酮或酯。與本發明一起使用之示例性溶劑包括甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇、異丙醇、正丁醇、第二丁醇、第三丁醇、正戊醇、2-甲基丁醇、3-甲基丁醇、己醇、丙酮、甲基乙基酮及乙酸乙酯。在一較佳實施例中,該溶劑為乙醇。
在其他實施例中,本發明提供用於治療患者之方法。該患者可為患有過敏性病症(例如急性過敏、哮喘或支氣管哮喘)之患者。該方法包括對有需要該治療之患者(包括例如患有急性過敏之患者)投與醫藥上有效量之腎上腺素丙二酸鹽。該方法可包括向患有過敏性病症之患者投與口含或舌下錠劑。
以下實例說明本發明之某些實施例而不限制。
實例
雖然本文已經描述各種實施例,但應理解,其等僅以實例方式呈現,而非限制。因此,本發明之廣度及範圍不應受任何所述示例性實施例之限制。此外,除非本文另有指示或上下文另外明顯矛盾,否則本發明涵蓋所述要素之所有可能變型之任何組合。
實例 1 腎上腺素丙二酸鹽之製法
使用以下方法形成腎上腺素丙二酸鹽。在室溫下將丙二酸2.3 g (1.0當量)添加至4 g (1.0當量)腎上腺素於EtOH (8 mL)中之溶液中。劇烈攪拌30分鐘後,反應混合物變為澄清溶液。添加EtOH (10 mL),及沈澱出白色固體產物。將混合物進一步攪拌10小時,過濾並真空乾燥,得到5.7 g腎上腺素丙二酸鹽(呈白色粉末)。
實例 2 腎上腺素丙二酸鹽之物理及化學性質
評估實例1之腎上腺素丙二酸鹽之物理及化學性質,並與其他腎上腺素鹽進行比較。
A. 溶解度
評估腎上腺素丙二酸鹽之溶解度並與其他腎上腺素鹽進行比較。該等測試係使用Sartorius天平(型號SQP)、Thermo HPLC (UltiMate 3000 System,UV波長:205 nm)及Phenomenex Luna管柱(5 μm C18(2),4.6 × 250 mm)進行。管柱溫度為40℃及自動進樣器溫度為室溫。注射體積為5 μL。
流動相A係藉由稱取4.0 g四甲基硫酸氫銨(MERYER,批號77957139)及1.1 g之1-庚烷磺酸鈉(Admas-beta,批號P1343755),並將材料轉移至燒瓶中來製備。將2 mL之0.1 mol/L EDTA溶液(商標:Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd.,批號20150410)添加至燒瓶中,並使用水將體積調節至950 mL。將溶液混合並用0.1N氫氧化鈉溶液(商標:Enox,批號20161201)調節至pH 3.5。流動相B係使用乙醇製備。等濃度溶離係以85/15之A/B比例使用。運行時間為8分鐘。
使用標準溶液,其包含溶解在10 mL水中之10 mg標準品。製備測試溶液並在25±2℃下添加水。每5分鐘,將溶液超音波處理30秒。在30分鐘內觀察溶解以確保溶液飽和。使溶液濾過0.45 μm膜並將溶液稀釋以測試。溶解度研究之結果列於表1中。表 1
B. pH
評估腎上腺素丙二酸鹽之pH並與其他腎上腺素鹽進行比較。該等測試係使用Sartorius天平(型號SQP)及pH計(商標:INESA,型號PHS-3E)進行。稱取20 mg樣品並轉移至20 mL容量瓶中,其餘體積包含水。混合溶液。pH計用pH 4.0及pH 6.8標準緩衝溶液在25℃下校準。分析結果列於表2中。表 2
C. pKa
評估腎上腺素丙二酸鹽之pKa並與其他腎上腺素鹽進行比較。該等測試係使用Sartorius天平(型號SQP)及電位滴定儀(商標:Methrom,型號905 Titrando)進行。稱取0.17 g樣品並轉移至50 mL容量瓶中,其餘體積包含去離子水。混合溶液。使用pH指示劑用0.1 mol/L NaOH溶液滴定溶液以指示終點。分析結果列於表3中。表 3
D. 分配係數
評估腎上腺素丙二酸鹽之分配係數(logP)並與其他腎上腺素鹽進行比較。該等測試係使用Sartorius天平(型號SQP)、Thermo HPLC (UltiMate 3000 System,UV波長:205 nm)及Phenomenex Luna管柱(5 μm C18(2),4.6 × 250 mm)進行。管柱溫度為40℃及自動進樣器溫度為室溫。注射體積為5 μL。
流動相A係藉由稱取4.0 g四甲基硫酸氫銨(MERYER,批號77957139)及1.1 g之1-庚烷磺酸鈉(Admas-β,批號P1343755),並將材料轉移至燒瓶中來製備。將2 mL之0.1 mol/L EDTA溶液(商標:Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd.,批號20150410)添加至燒瓶中,並使用水將體積調節至950 mL。將溶液混合並用0.1N氫氧化鈉溶液(商標:Enox,批號20161201)調節至pH 3.5。流動相B係使用乙醇製備。等濃度溶離係以85/15之A/B比例使用。運行時間為8分鐘。
磷酸氫二鈉溶液係藉由稱取7.1 g磷酸氫二鈉(商標:Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd.,批號20150910)製備。檸檬酸溶液係藉由稱取5.25 g水合檸檬酸(商標:General-Reagent,批號5949-29-1)並將其溶解在1000 mL水中來製備。pH 3.47緩衝溶液係藉由用檸檬酸溶液將磷酸氫二鈉溶液之pH調節至3.47來製備。正辛醇緩衝溶液係藉由以下來製備:將100 mL正辛醇(商標:Chinasun Specialty Products Co., Ltd.,批號20160601)及100 mL pH 3.47緩衝溶液混合,振盪24小時,其靜置一小時分離正辛醇相及pH 3.47緩衝液相。
將10 mg樣品溶解在10 mL飽和正辛醇溶液中並完全混合。添加10 mL飽和pH 3.47緩衝溶液並以3000 r/min渦旋1小時。1小時後,自正辛醇及pH 3.47相吸移1 mL溶液。製備標準溶液,其含有1 mg/mL標準品於稀釋劑中。自約0.1%標準品溶液製備LOQ溶液。用1 mL甲醇稀釋正辛醇相溶液以測試。直接注射pH 3.47相溶液。分配係數使用下式計算:,其中Co係溶質於油相中之平衡濃度,及Cw係溶質於水相中之平衡濃度。分配係數分析之結果報告在表4中。表 4
實例 3 包含腎上腺素丙二酸鹽之醫藥組合物之製法
製備包含腎上腺素丙二酸鹽及其他腎上腺素鹽之醫藥組合物。製備舌下錠劑,其包含10 mg腎上腺素(藉由腎上腺素鹼計算)。該組合物另外包含作為填充劑之微晶纖維素(PH-301)、作為崩解劑之低取代羥丙基纖維素及作為潤滑劑之硬脂酸鎂。該等錠劑係藉由直接壓製,使用一系列壓縮力製備,其中錠劑重量為約80 mg。
實例 4 醫藥組合物之活體外滲透性
測試實施例3之醫藥組合物之活體外滲透性。該等測試係使用藥物透皮擴散測試儀器(商標Huanghai,型號RJY-6B)、Sartorius天平(型號SQP)、INESA pH計(型號PHS-3E)、Thermo HPLC (UltiMate 3000 System,UV波長:205 nm)及Phenomenex Luna管柱(5 μm C18(2),4.6 × 250 mm)進行。管柱溫度為40℃及自動進樣器溫度為室溫。注射體積為5 μL。
流動相A係藉由稱取4.0 g四甲基硫酸氫銨(MERYER,批號77957139)及1.1 g之1-庚烷磺酸鈉(Admas-β,批號P1343755),並將材料轉移至燒瓶中來製備。將2 mL之0.1 mol/L EDTA溶液(商標:Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd.,批號20150410)添加至燒瓶中,並使用水將體積調節至950 mL。將溶液混合並用0.1N氫氧化鈉溶液(商標:Enox,批號20161201)調節至pH 3.5。流動相B係使用甲醇製備。等濃度溶離係以85/15之A/B比例使用。運行時間為10分鐘。
使用OD為20 mm且儲存容積為7 mL之Franz池評估腎上腺素鹽之活體外擴散。在活體外滲透性測試中,使用透析膜(具有1,000 Da MWCO之Spectra/Por®透析膜)來模擬舌下黏膜。在接收池中偵測活性組分之檢定含量。將具有磁力攪拌器之接收室填充磷酸鹽緩衝溶液(pH 7.4)作為擴散介質。將水浴設定在37℃,並使水在Franz池中循環。
在T0
時,將各錠劑置於膜上供體室之中心,並添加2 mL人造唾液(商標:Biomart,商標號GL0305)以促進錠劑崩解及溶解。在10、30、60、90及120分鐘時自接受室取出1 mL等分試樣。取出之體積用新鮮培養基補充。將樣品轉移至HPLC小瓶用於HPLC分析。活體外滲透性分析之結果報告在表5中。表 5
實例 5 醫藥組合物之安定性
測試實例3之醫藥組合物之安定性。安定性研究係在25℃/RH 60%及40℃/RH 75%條件下對包裝之腎上腺素鹽以及沒有包裝並暴露於光(4500Lux)一個月之樣品進行。在第5、7、14及30天檢查外觀、檢定含量及相關物質。
檢定含量係使用Sartorius天平(型號SQP)、INESA pH計(型號PHS-3E)、Thermo HPLC (UltiMate 3000 System,UV波長:205 nm) 及Phenomenex Luna管柱(5 μm C18(2),4.6 × 250 mm)來測試。管柱溫度為40℃,及自動進樣器溫度為室溫。注射體積為5 μL。
流動相A係藉由稱取4.0 g四甲基硫酸氫銨(MERYER,批號77957139)及1.1 g之1-庚烷磺酸鈉(Admas-β,批號P1343755),並將材料轉移至燒瓶中來製備。將2 mL之0.1 mol/L EDTA溶液(商標:Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd.,批號20150410)添加至燒瓶中,並使用水將體積調節至950 mL。將溶液混合並用0.1N氫氧化鈉溶液(商標:Enox,批號20161201)調節至pH 3.5。流動相B係使用甲醇製備。等濃度溶離係以85/15之A/B比例使用。運行時間為10分鐘。
檢定含量係藉由將20 mg待檢查之各樣品溶解在50 mL流動相A (0.4 mg/mL)中作為檢定測試溶液來分析。在樣品準備好後立即使用並測試樣品並避光。
純度係使用Sartorius天平(型號SQP)、INESA pH計(型號PHS-3E)、Thermo HPLC (UltiMate 3000 System,UV波長:205 nm)及PhenomenexSynergi管柱(4 μm Polar-RP 80A 250 x 4.6 mm)測試。管柱溫度為30℃,及自動進樣器溫度為室溫。注射體積為5 μL。
流動相A係藉由稱取1.136 g正磷酸二氫鉀(商標:CNW,批號A1040040)及1.74 g正磷酸氫二鉀(商標:Ourchem,批號20160219)並轉移至1000 mL水中來製備。用正磷酸(商標:Ourchem,批號4112K060)將pH調節至3.0±0.05。使溶液濾過0.45 μm膜並脫氣。流動相B係使用甲醇製備。運行時間為50分鐘。使用表6中描述之梯度。表 6
純度係藉由將10 mg待測試之各樣品溶解在25 mL流動相A (0.4 mg/mL)中作為純度及相關物質測試溶液來分析。在樣品準備好後立即使用並測試樣品並避光。在5、7、14及30天在不同條件下之外觀、檢定含量及相關物質述於表7至9中。表 7 在 25±2 ℃ /60% RH±5RH 下之長期安定性研究 表 8 在 40 ± 2 ℃ / 75 % RH ± 5RH 下之加速安定性研究 表 9 在空氣下利用光 (4500 勒克斯 ) 之安定性研究
實例 6 腎上腺素丙二酸鹽在無濕度下之延長安定性研究
在30℃及40℃及無濕度情況下進行腎上腺素丙二酸鹽之5個月安定性研究。包裝腎上腺素丙二酸鹽以避免光及濕度。樣品在棕色玻璃瓶中製備,外包裝為鋁箔袋,及樣品儲存在乾燥劑矽膠層之間。每個月分析外觀、殘餘材料、純度、TGA及DSC。30℃安定性測試之結果描述於表10中,及40℃安定性測試之結果描述於表11中。表 10 在 30 ℃ 下之安定性研究之結果 表 1 1 在 40 ℃ 下之安定性研究之結果
實例 7 腎上腺素丙二酸鹽在 25 ℃ 於水中之安定性研究
在水中進行腎上腺素丙二酸鹽在25℃下之120小時安定性研究。稱取20 mg腎上腺素丙二酸鹽並置於50 mL容量瓶中。將樣品溶解並用水稀釋至體積並充分混合。將樣品留在25℃烘箱中,並在0小時、24小時、48小時、72小時、96小時及120小時時收集樣品。用於該研究之稀釋劑(流動相)係藉由在1000 mL容量瓶中混合約1.36 g正磷酸二氫鉀及1.74 g正磷酸氫二鉀,並用正磷酸調節pH至3.0來製備。測試樣品之外觀及純度。於水中之25℃安定性測試之結果述於表12中。表 12
實例 8 腎上腺素丙二酸鹽之降解研究
進行評估酸降解、鹼降解、氧化及熱降解(固體及溶液)之影響之腎上腺素丙二酸鹽之降解研究。各種條件之程序如下所述。
標準
:稱取20 mg樣品並溶解在50 mL容量瓶中,用稀釋劑稀釋至所需體積,並充分混合。
酸降解
:稱取20 mg樣品並置於50 mL容量瓶中。向燒瓶中添加2 mL 2.0 mol/L HCl。將燒瓶置於40℃水浴中7天。
鹼降解
:稱取20 mg樣品並置於50 mL容量瓶中。向燒瓶中添加2 mL 0.05mol/L NaOH。將燒瓶在室溫下儲存24小時。
氧化
:稱取20mg樣品並置於50 mL容量瓶中。向燒瓶中添加2 mL 10% H2
O2
。將燒瓶置於40℃水浴中44小時。
熱降解 ( 溶液, 80 ℃ )
:稱取20 mg樣品並溶解在50 mL容量瓶中,用稀釋劑稀釋至所需體積,並充分混合。將燒瓶置於80℃水浴中46小時。
熱降解 ( 固體, 80 ℃ )
:將120 mg樣品置於80℃烘箱中7天。
測試樣品之外觀及純度。降解測試之結果述於表13中。表 13
實例 9 腎上腺素丙二酸鹽之舌下醫藥組合物
如下所述製備腎上腺素丙二酸鹽舌下錠劑。該醫藥組合物述於表14中。表 14
* 1公克腎上腺素丙二酸鹽對應0.638公克腎上腺素游離鹼。各錠劑包含20.0 mg腎上腺素游離鹼。
錠劑如下製備。將腎上腺素丙二酸鹽、微晶纖維素、甘露糖醇及交聯聚乙烯基聚吡咯啶酮篩分通過425微米篩網。將檸檬酸篩分通過850微米篩網。將經篩分材料轉移至適當大小的混合容器中進行500轉。將二氧化矽篩分通過425微米篩網。將二氧化矽添加至混合容器中進行125轉。將硬脂酸鎂篩分通過425微米篩網。將硬脂酸鎂添加至混合容器中進行125轉。錠劑係藉由以0.5 KN至5 KN之力壓製200 mg劑量來摻合。
實施例 10 舌下醫藥組合物之安定性測試
測試實施例9中製備之腎上腺素丙二酸鹽舌下錠劑之安定性。將錠劑以20錠包裝到瓶子中,各瓶子含有單個1.0公克二氧化矽乾燥劑及足夠聚酯線圈以防止錠劑移動。使用帶有感應密封襯墊之兒童防護罩(CRC)蓋住瓶子並密封。將瓶子置於40℃及25℃安定室中。在初始批次(t=0)、儲存1週後(t=1)及儲存4週後(t=4)評估樣品之安定性。在25℃下之安定性研究結果述於表15中,及在40℃下之安定性測試結果述於表16中。在各時間點進行n=10之檢定。表 15 在 25 ℃ 下之安定性研究之結果 表 16 在 40 ℃ 下之安定性研究之結果
如本文表15及16中所示,該醫藥組合物產生出乎意料且驚人之安定性。
實例 11 舌下醫藥組合物之分散測試
在舌下投與後測試於實例9中所述之彼等類似之安慰劑舌下錠劑(即,沒有藥物產品之實例9之調配物)之分散速率。安慰劑錠劑具有與實例9中所述組成相同之組成,一個區別在於腎上腺素丙二酸鹽被另外稀釋劑(即甘露醇)代替。五名人類志工將一個菱形安慰劑錠劑放在舌下,不加水或其他液體,並測量錠劑完全分散所需之時間。分散係藉由感覺及視覺確認來確定。所有五名志工中在20至25秒內完成分散。如此實例11中所示,該醫藥組合物產生出乎意料且驚人之分散速率。
併入本文並形成本說明書一部分之附圖示出本發明之各種實施例,且與說明一起進一步用於解釋本發明之原理並使熟習相關領域之技術者能夠製造並使用本文揭示之實施例。
圖1顯示腎上腺素丙二酸鹽之質子核磁共振(H NMR)光譜。
圖2顯示腎上腺素丙二酸鹽之x射線粉末繞射(XRPD)光譜。
圖3顯示腎上腺素丙二酸鹽之差示掃描量熱法(DSC)光譜。
圖4顯示腎上腺素丙二酸鹽之熱重分析。
Claims (26)
- 一種呈結晶型之腎上腺素丙二酸鹽。
- 如請求項1之腎上腺素丙二酸鹽,其中該結晶型具有X射線粉末繞射光譜,其具有以2θ表示之在約12.1843、13.4653、14.2595、14.6991、15.8664、17.3570、17.9004、19.5883、20.4659、21.5801、22.3908、22.9301、23.8776、24.6585、25.3418、26.0105、26.4829、25.3418、26.0105、26.4829、27.2385、27.8939、29.4741、33.2425、34.2629、34.8439之一個或多個峰。
- 一種醫藥組合物,其包含腎上腺素丙二酸鹽及醫藥上可接受之載劑。
- 如請求項3之醫藥組合物,其中該醫藥組合物適用於口服、直腸、胃內、局部、顱內、鼻內及非經腸投與。
- 如請求項3之醫藥組合物,其中該醫藥組合物適用於舌下或口含投與。
- 如請求項5之醫藥組合物,其中該醫藥組合物包含填充劑及崩解劑。
- 如請求項6之醫藥組合物,其中該填充劑係微晶纖維素及該崩解劑係 交聯聚乙烯基吡咯啶酮。
- 如請求項7之醫藥組合物,其中該填充劑係以20至30重量%之量存在及該崩解劑係以5至15重量%之量存在。
- 如請求項8之醫藥組合物,其另外包含潤滑劑及助滑劑。
- 如請求項9之醫藥組合物,其中該潤滑劑係硬脂酸鎂及該助滑劑係二氧化矽。
- 如請求項10之醫藥組合物,其另外包含稀釋劑。
- 如請求項11之醫藥組合物,其中該稀釋劑係甘露醇。
- 如請求項12之醫藥組合物,其另外包含檸檬酸。
- 如請求項5之醫藥組合物,其中該組合物包含0.3至10mg量之腎上腺素游離鹼。
- 如請求項5之醫藥組合物,其中該醫藥組合物在小於或等於30秒內崩解。
- 一種用於製造腎上腺素丙二酸鹽之方法,該方法包括: 將丙二酸添加至包含腎上腺素及溶劑之溶液中;攪拌該溶液;及從溶液中沉澱出該腎上腺素丙二酸鹽。
- 如請求項16之方法,其另外包含過濾沉澱物。
- 如請求項17之方法,其另外包括乾燥該沉澱物。
- 如請求項16之方法,其中丙二酸係以相對於腎上腺素約0.01:1至3:1之比率添加。
- 如請求項16之方法,其中該溶劑係選自由以下組成之群:甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇、異丙醇、正丁醇、第二丁醇、第三丁醇、正戊醇、2-甲基丁醇、3-甲基丁醇及己醇。
- 如請求項20之方法,其中該溶劑係乙醇。
- 一種腎上腺素丙二酸鹽之用途,其係用於製造供治療罹患過敏性病症之患者之藥物。
- 如請求項22之用途,其中該藥物係用於口服、直腸、胃內、局部、顱內、鼻內或非經腸投與。
- 如請求項22之用途,其中該藥物係經由口含或舌下錠劑投與。
- 如請求項22之用途,其中該過敏性病症係選自由急性過敏(anaphylaxis)、哮喘或支氣管哮喘組成之群。
- 如請求項25之用途,其中該過敏性病症係急性過敏。
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