TWI816527B - Architecture structure and method of constructing the same - Google Patents

Abstract

The present application relates to an architecture structure and a method of constructing the same. The method includes the following steps: providing a precast beam extending in a first axial direction; providing a first plate extending upwardly from an outer side of the precast beam; providing a second plate and horizontally fixing it to the upper edge of the first plate, the second plate seving as a bottom formwork for a first floor, and having a first height; providing a third plate and horizontally disposing it on the precast beam and on the opposing side of the first plate, the third plate serving as a bottom formwork for a second floor, and having a second height, the first height being greater than the first height; providing a fourth plate and vertically disposing it on the opposing side of the first plate so that the fourth plate is roughly parallel to the first plate, and the bottom end of the fourth plate is spaced apart from the third plate by a first pre-determined distance so that the precast beam, the first plate, the second plate, the third plate and the fourth plate form a filling space; and pouring concrete into the filling space.

Description

Building structures and construction methods

The present invention relates to a building structure and a construction method thereof, in particular to a building structure including high and low floors and ridge beams and a construction method thereof.

RC (reinforced concrete) structures can be divided into the traditional cast-in-place construction method of pouring concrete on site and the in-situ construction method that has been developed in recent years and has the advantages of excellent structural quality, safe and rapid construction, and economical and reasonable construction costs. The Xuan construction method is based on the Xuan factory or around the construction site. It uses standardized operating procedures and modular molds to make steel structures and pour concrete to quickly mass-produce precision columns, beams, plates, etc. Xuan components. . Through precise handling management and assembly operations, the Xuan components produced in the Xixuan factory or around the construction site are assembled on the construction site. In this way, the workload on the construction site can be minimized, manpower and construction time can be reduced, thereby effectively shortening the construction period and ensuring construction quality. In addition, the construction method can also reduce or avoid construction on the outer wall scaffolding, which greatly improves construction safety.

A structure with floor slabs of different heights on both sides of the beam is a common specific building structure, and its construction is more complicated than that of a general standard structure. Please refer to Figure 1. It is known that the construction of such a structure includes the following steps: arranging and binding the steel bars 501 of the beam structure at the construction site, and setting the formwork 80 around the steel bars 501 to form an L as shown in Figure 1 shape structure. Then carry out the grouting operation. Grout the concrete into the square space below the L-shaped structure. After the concrete in it has roughly solidified, continue grouting the concrete into the rectangular space above the L-shaped structure and wait until it solidifies. The grouting formwork 80 is removed to form an L-shaped reinforced concrete structure 50 as shown in Figure 2-3. Subsequently, horizontal bottom formwork and floor steel bars 90 are set on both sides of the L-shaped reinforced concrete structure 50 and a grouting formwork is set around it to form a grouting space. Concrete is grouted into the grouting space and waits for it to solidify to form a grouting space as shown in Figure 3 Shown is a structure with floor slabs of different heights on either side of the beam.

However, the aforementioned construction method of the building structure shown in Figures 1-3 has many shortcomings. Referring to Figure 1, it requires a lot of manpower and time to set up a formwork 80 (for example, a steel formwork) around the steel bars 501 of the beam. In addition, during the grouting operation, only the square part at the bottom of the L-shaped structure can be filled first to prevent the concrete from overflowing from the uncovered top surface; only after the concrete at the bottom square part is roughly solidified can the grouting of the upper part of the structure continue. . This waiting process will increase the time required for concrete pouring operations, thereby causing delays in the entire construction process.

Therefore, how to combine the field casting method and the construction method and bring into play their respective advantages to form a structure with floor slabs of different heights on both sides of the beam is what the industry has been longing for.

In order to achieve the above object, one aspect of the present invention relates to a method of constructing a building structure, comprising the following steps. A beam is provided, which extends in a first axial direction. A first plate is provided, extending upward from an outer side of the girder beam. A second board is provided and one end thereof is horizontally fixed to an upper edge of the first board. The second board serves as a bottom formwork of the first floor and has a first height. Provide a third board, one end of which is horizontally disposed on the beam and located on the opposite side of the first board. The third board serves as a bottom formwork for the second floor and has a second height, and the first height is higher than this second height. Provide a fourth plate, which is vertically disposed on the opposite side of the first plate so that it is substantially parallel to the first plate, and its bottom end is spaced from the third plate by a first predetermined distance; whereby the Qixuan beam, the first plate , a filling space is formed between the second board, the third board and the fourth board. Concrete is grouted into the filled space and left to set to form the building structure.

Another aspect of the present invention relates to a building structure, which includes a beam, a first board, a first structure, a first floor, and a second floor. The Qixuan beam extends in a first axial direction and has a top surface. The first plate extends upward from an outer side of the beam. The first structure is connected to the side of the first plate and the top surface of the beam. One end of the first floor is connected to a first side of the upper portion of the first structure. One end of the second floor is connected to a second side of the lower part of the first structure, and the first side and the second side are opposite sides. In addition, there is a height difference H between the first floor and the second floor.

In order to have a clearer understanding of the characteristics, content, advantages and effects of the present invention, the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and in the form of embodiments. The drawings used are only for their main purpose. The proportions and arrangement relationships of the attached drawings are for illustration and auxiliary description purposes, and should not be interpreted to limit the patentable scope of the present invention.

Please refer to Figure 4, which shows a construction schematic diagram 1 of an embodiment of the present invention. First, a half-clamp beam 11 is provided, which extends in a first axial direction (the direction perpendicular to the paper plane). The first plate 2 is disposed on the outer side 113 of the half beam 11 during the formation process of the half beam 11 , and is fixed to the half beam 11 and removed from the half beam 11 after the half beam 11 is formed. The outer side 113 extends upward. To be more specific, in the above embodiment, during the process of assembling the half-seam beam 11, one of the connecting portions 21 of the first plate 2 is disposed on the outer side 1121 of the stirrups 112 in the half-seam beam 11, and such that The outer surface of the first plate 2 is approximately flush with the corresponding outer surface of the yoke beam, and the half yoke beam 11 and the connecting portion 21 of the first plate 2 are grouted together, so that the connecting portion 21 of the first plate 2 is buried in the half yoke beam. Xixuanliang ranked 11th.

In the above embodiment, the half-joist beam 11 has a plurality of steel bars 114 extending from the top, and the plurality of steel bars 114 are used to bind and combine with the steel bars of the building structure 1 located above the half-joist beam 11 (see Figure 8 and Figure 11), the top surface 111 of the half-rib beam 11 is a rough surface, so that the concrete poured above the half-rib beam 11 can be closely combined with the top surface of the half-rib beam 11 .

Please refer to Figure 5, which is the second construction schematic diagram of the above embodiment. During construction, the second board 3 is provided, and one end 31 of the second board 3 is horizontally fixed to the upper edge 22 of the first board 2 . The second board 3 serves as the bottom formwork of the first floor 12 and has a first height h1. The first height h1 of the second plate 3 refers to the distance from the second plate 3 to the bottom surface 115 of the beam 11

Please refer to Figure 5A, which is a partial enlarged view of part A in Figure 5. In the above embodiment, the method of horizontally fixing one end 31 of the second plate 3 to the upper edge 22 of the first plate 2 includes first covering the groove. The iron 6 is arranged on the upper edge 22 of the first plate 2, and the second plate 3 is welded to the iron 6 of the cover channel.

The arrangement of the cover groove iron 6 can change the contact between the second plate 3 and the upper edge 22 of the first plate 2 from point contact to surface contact, so that the second plate 3 can be more firmly placed on the upper edge 22 of the first plate 2 . In addition, welding the second plate 3 to the cover channel iron 6 prevents direct contact between the formwork and the concrete during grouting.

Please refer to Figure 6, which is the third construction schematic diagram of the above embodiment. Continuing the above construction steps, a third plate 4 is provided. One end 41 of the third plate 4 is disposed horizontally on the half beam 11 and located on the opposite side of the first plate 2 and the second plate 3 . The third board 4 serves as the bottom formwork of the second floor floor 13 and has a second height h2. The second height h2 of the third plate 4 refers to the distance from the third plate 4 to the bottom surface 115 of the beam 11 . The first height h1 is higher than the second height h2.

Continuing to refer to FIG. 6 , in this embodiment, the cross section of the beam 11 is rectangular and the length of its base is about 60 cm. The first height h1 of the second plate 3 is approximately 110 cm. The second height h2 of the third plate 4 is approximately 50 cm. In addition, referring to FIG. 8 , the floor thickness t of the first floor floor 12 and the second floor floor 13 is approximately 20 cm.

Referring to Figure 8, in other embodiments, the first height h1 of the second plate 3, the second height h2 of the third plate 4, the thickness of the beam 11 and the thickness t of the floor can be adjusted according to actual needs, so that the The height difference H (ie, floor height difference) between the top surface of the first floor floor 12 and the top surface of the second floor floor 13 is approximately 20 cm, 40 cm or 60 cm.

Returning to Figure 6, during construction, the second plate 3 disposed on the upper edge 22 of the first plate 2 needs to carry the load of the floor concrete, the operating load and the impact load in addition to the self-weight of the formwork. The sum of these loads (ie, the total load W1) will not only exert a downward force on the first plate 2, but also cause the first plate 2 to bear a moment. When the downward force or moment exceeds a critical value, buckling deformation of the first plate 2 will occur. In addition, the longer the portion of the first plate 2 that extends upward beyond the girder beam 11 is longer, the greater the moment generated by the load above the second plate 3 on the first plate 2 will be, thereby increasing the possibility of buckling of the first plate 2 sex.

In order to prevent the above-mentioned buckling problem of the first plate 2, the above embodiment performs a structural analysis based on the expected load of the second plate 3 to select a suitable model and size of the first plate 2, and conducts a buckling check on the first plate 2 , to ensure it does not buckle. For example, reducing the length of the portion of the first plate 2 that extends upward beyond the beam or increasing the thickness of the first plate 2 can help prevent buckling of the first plate 2 .

Referring to Figure 6, in one embodiment, the length of the portion of the first plate 2 extending upward outside the beam 11 is 60 cm, the total load W1 of the second plate is 910kgf/ ^m2 , and the first plate 2 is stressed. In the case of 1,775kgf/m, select VERSA-DEK closed type 40H (steel plate thickness is 0.76mm, cross-sectional area is 12.62cm ² /m, unit weight is 10.40kg/m ² , moment of inertia is 29.23cm ⁴ /m, The positive bending moment section modulus is 9.61cm ³ /m and the negative bending moment section modulus is 8.20cm ³ /m) as the first plate 2 will not buckle.

However, under the parameter conditions of the above embodiment, if the grouting pressure W2 exerted by the concrete on the right side of the first plate 2 during grouting is further considered, the first plate 2 may deflect. In addition, the lateral force caused by the grouting pressure W2 on the first plate 2 may further cause the connection portion 21 between the first plate 2 and the beam 11 to crack.

Specifically, referring to Figure 6, under the parameter conditions as in the above embodiment, when the grouting height is 0.8 meters, the grouting pressure exerted by concrete on the first plate is 1920kgf/ ^m2 . In this case, the first plate 2 will yield and deflect, and the concrete interface between the connecting portion 21 of the first plate 2 and the girder beam 11 may crack.

Therefore, in order to prevent buckling and deflection of the first plate 2, the above-mentioned embodiment applies an external force to the right on the first plate 2 to offset the bending moment and grouting pressure W2 caused by the above-mentioned total load W1.

Please refer to Figure 7, which is a construction diagram 4 of the above embodiment. Continuing the above construction steps, a fourth plate 5 is provided. The fourth plate 5 is arranged vertically above the beam 11 and located outside the steel bar 114 on the opposite side of the first plate 2 1141 . The fourth plate 5 is substantially parallel to the first plate 2 and the bottom end 51 of the fourth plate 5 is spaced apart from the third plate 4 by a first predetermined distance d1. In addition, at least one tie rod 7 is provided (Figure 8 shows two tie rods), and the fourth plate 5 and the first plate 2 are connected through the two ends of the tie rod 7, so that the fourth plate 5 and the first plate 2 A second predetermined distance d2 is maintained between them.

In order to prevent buckling and deflection of the first plate 2, under the parameter conditions of the above embodiment, at positions 30cm and 50cm away from the top surface of the beam 11 of the first plate 2, with a diameter of 8mm, along the half beam, A row of tie rods with a longitudinal spacing of 50 cm on the beam 11 connects the first plate 2 and the fourth plate 5 so that both ends of the tie rods pull the first plate 2 and the fourth plate 5 .

In addition to checking the buckling and deflection of the first plate 2 , the above embodiment also needs to check the risk of cracking at the concrete interface between the connecting portion 21 of the first plate 2 and the beam 11 . Referring to Figures 7 and 8, under the parameter conditions of the aforementioned embodiment, in order to prevent the connecting portion 21 of the first plate 2 from cracking at the concrete interface of the Xuan beam 11, the connecting portion 21 of the first plate 2 is located in the Xuan beam 11 The distance between the bottom end 23 and the top surface 111 of the beam 11 (that is, the anchoring length l) needs to be at least greater than 8.8cm. The longer the anchoring length l, the smaller the risk of cracking at the concrete interface between the connecting portion 21 of the first plate 2 and the beam 11. Anchoring length l range greater than 8.8cm can meet most of the needs of actual construction.

In addition, in order to ensure that the concrete below the bottom end 23 of the first plate 2 in the beam 11 is sufficient to resist the shear force caused by the force and moment on the first plate 2, the shear strength of the protective layer needs to be checked. . Referring to Figure 8A, which is a partial enlarged view of part B in Figure 8, when the total load W1 of the second plate 3 and the floor it carries is 910kgf/ ^m2 , the first plate 2 will be subjected to a downward and large force. The force is 1,775kgf/m. When the shear force caused by this force exceeds a critical value, it will cause the concrete below the bottom end 23 of the first plate 2 to crack (for example: 45 of the concrete below the bottom end 23 shown in Figure 8A degree of tilt (cracking). Under the conditions of the aforementioned parameters, when the thickness p of the protective layer on the outside 1121 of the stirrups 112 of the Jiaxuan beam 11 is at least 4cm, the concrete protective layer of the first plate 2 located under the bottom end 23 of the Jiaxuan beam 11 will not cracking.

Please refer to Figure 8, which is a construction schematic diagram 5 of the above embodiment. Continuing the above construction steps, concrete is grouted into the filling space 8 formed by the beam 11, the first plate 2, the second plate 3, the third plate 4 and the fourth plate 5. After the concrete is solidified, the second plate 3 , the third plate 4 and the fourth plate 5 are removed to form the building structure 1 . The construction sequence of the above construction steps can be adjusted according to actual needs. The method provided by the above embodiments of the present invention can eliminate the need to configure the steel bars and grouting formwork of the L-shaped beam at the construction site, can also save the waiting time required for the two-stage grouting interval, and can greatly improve the construction of L-shaped beams with different heights on both sides. The construction efficiency of the building structure of the floor slab.

In the above embodiment, the first board 2, the second board 3, the third board 4 or the fourth board 5 may be a buckle board or a Deck board. Referring to Figure 9, the Deck board can be a Versa-Dek board of different models of Versa-Dek®. One side of the deck board is a flat surface, and the other side has elongated protrusions 20 arranged at equal intervals, and each long protrusion 20 has a dovetail-shaped cross section. During construction, the surface of the buckle board or deck board with the long protrusions 20 faces the space to be grouted.

Referring to Figure 10, which is a schematic diagram of another alternative embodiment similar to the construction schematic diagram shown in Figure 4, in which the first plate 2 is not buried in the half-tied beam 11 during the construction process. Instead of grouting together, the half-way beam 11 is built separately first, and then the first plate 2 is attached on-site (for example, by bolts, rivets, etc. that are pre-embedded in the half-way beam 11) to the half-way beam 11. Outside 113. In this alternative embodiment, the first panel 2 is removed after completion of grouting of the building structure 1 .

Please refer to Figure 11, which is a schematic diagram of the building structure 1 constructed according to the method provided in the above embodiment. In this embodiment, the building structure 1 includes half of the beams 11 , a first plate 2 , a first floor 12 , a second floor 13 , and a first structure 14 . The half beam 11 extends in the first axial direction (direction perpendicular to the paper surface) and has a top surface 111 . The first plate 2 extends upward from the outer side 113 of the half beam 11 . The first structure 14 is connected to the inner side 24 of the first plate 2 and the top surface 111 of the half-rib beam 11 . One end 121 of the first floor 12 is connected to the first side 141 of the upper part of the first structure 14 . One end 131 of the second floor 13 is connected to the second side 142 of the lower part of the first structure 14 , where the first side 141 and the second side 142 are opposite sides. There is a height difference H between the first floor floor 12 and the second floor floor 13 . The height difference H can be 20 cm, 40 cm or 60 cm.

Referring to FIG. 11 , in this embodiment, the half-way beam 11 has a plurality of steel bars 114 extending from the top surface 111 of the half-way beam 11 to be tied with the steel bars in the first structure 14 above the half-way beam 11 . In addition, the first plate 2 is a buckle plate, and a cover channel iron 6 is provided on the upper edge 22 of the first plate 2 .

The invention has been described with reference to embodiments and it is understood that specific applications of the features of the invention may be practiced individually and/or in various combinations and/or on various types. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will recognize that various modifications may be made to the embodiments in any of their uses without departing from the scope of the invention. Furthermore, alternative embodiments may be constructed with different constituent materials, structures, and/or spatial relationships and yet remain within the scope of the present invention. In view of the foregoing, the invention shall be limited to the extent of the permissible patent claims issued by this application or any related application.

The term "a" or "an" used herein is used to describe the elements and components of the invention. This terminology is only for convenience of description and to give the basic concept of this creation. This recitation should be understood to include one or at least one, and the singular also includes the plural unless it is expressly stated otherwise. When used with the word "comprising" in a patent application, the term "a" can mean one or more than one. In addition, the word "or" used in this article has the same meaning as "and/or".

Unless otherwise specified, terms such as "above", "below", "up", "left", "right", "down", "top", "bottom", "vertical", "horizontal", "side" Spatial descriptions such as "higher", "lower", "upper", "above", and "below" indicate the direction shown in the figure. It should be understood that the spatial descriptions used herein are for illustrative purposes only, and actual implementations of the structures described herein may be spatially configured in any relative orientation, and this limitation does not alter the advantages of various embodiments of the present invention. For example, in the description of some embodiments, providing that one element is "on" another element may cover situations where the former element is directly on (e.g., in physical contact with) the latter element, as well as when an element is "on" the latter element. Or a situation where multiple intervening components are located between the previous component and the following component.

As used herein, the terms "substantially," "substantially," "substantially," and "approximately" are used to describe and account for minor changes. When used in connection with an event or circumstance, these terms may mean both a definite occurrence of the event or circumstance and a close approximation of the occurrence of the event or circumstance.

1: Building structure

2: First board

3:Second board

4:Third board

5:Fourth board

6: Cover trough iron

7: Pair the tie rod

8: Fill the space

11:Haixuanliang/Half Haixuanliang

12:First floor floor

13: Second floor floor

14:First structure

21:Connection part

22:Top edge

23: Bottom

24: Medial side

31:end

41:End

20: long protrusion

50: L-shaped reinforced concrete structure

51: Bottom

80: Grout template

90: Floor steel bars

111:Top surface

112: stirrups

113:Outside

114:Rebar

115: Bottom surface

121:end

131:End

141: First side

142: Second side

501:Rebar

1121:Outside

1141:Outside

d1: first predetermined distance

d2: second predetermined distance

H: Height difference

h1: first height

h2: second height

l: anchor length

p:Thickness of protective layer

t: floor thickness

W1: total load

W2: grouting pressure

In order to have a clearer understanding of the effects achieved by the present invention and its advantages, the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in the form of embodiments. Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the construction of a conventional structure with floor slabs of different heights on both sides of the beam. Figure 2 is a schematic diagram 2 of the construction of a conventional structure with floor slabs of different heights on both sides of the beam. Figure 3 is a schematic diagram 3 of the construction of a conventional structure with floor slabs of different heights on both sides of the beam. Figure 4 is a construction schematic diagram 1 of an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 5 is a second construction schematic diagram of the above embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 5A is a partial enlarged view of part A of FIG. 5 . Figure 6 is the third construction schematic diagram of the above embodiment of the present invention. Figure 7 is a construction diagram 4 of the above embodiment. Figure 8 is a construction diagram 5 of the above embodiment. FIG. 8A is a partial enlarged view of part B of FIG. 8 . Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the buckle plate used in the above embodiment of the present invention. Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the present invention. Figure 11 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the above embodiment of the present invention.

1: Building structure

2: First board

5:Fourth board

6: Cover trough iron

7: Pair the tie rod

8: Fill the space

11:Haixuanliang/Half Haixuanliang

12:First floor floor

13: Second floor floor

14:First structure

21:Connection part

22:Top edge

23: Bottom

24: Medial side

51: Bottom

90: Floor steel bars

111:Top surface

112: stirrups

113:Outside

114:Rebar

115: Bottom surface

121:end

131:end

141: First side

142: Second side

1121:Outside

d1: first predetermined distance

d2: second predetermined distance

H: Height difference

Claims (10)

A method of constructing a building structure consisting of: Provide a Qixuan beam extending in a first axial direction; Provide a first plate extending upward from an outer side of the girder beam; Provide a second board and fix one end thereof horizontally to an upper edge of the first board. The second board serves as a bottom formwork of a first floor and has a first height; A third board is provided, one end of which is horizontally disposed on the girder and located on the opposite side of the first board. The third board serves as a bottom formwork of a second floor and has a second height, wherein the first height is higher than the second height; Provide a fourth plate, which is vertically disposed on the opposite side of the first plate so that it is substantially parallel to the first plate, and its bottom end is spaced a first predetermined distance from the third plate; Thereby, a filling space is formed between the girder, the first plate, the second plate, the third plate and the fourth plate; and Concrete is grouted into the filled space and allowed to solidify to form the building structure. The method of claim 1, wherein providing the first plate includes arranging a connecting portion of the first plate on the outside of the center beam and connecting the tie beam and the first The joints of the panels are grouted together. The method of claim 1 further includes: At least one pair of tie rods is provided and the fourth plate and the first plate are connected via two ends of the pair of tie rods, so that a second predetermined distance is maintained between the fourth plate and the first plate. The method of claim 2, wherein arranging a connecting portion of the first plate in the yixuan beam during the yoke beam process includes arranging the first plate on the outside of the stirrups in the yixuan beam. , and make the outer surface of the first plate substantially flush with the corresponding outer surface of the Qixuan beam. For example, the method of claim 1-3, wherein providing the Kaifeng beam includes providing half of the Kaifeng beam, wherein a plurality of steel bars extend from the top of the half Kaifeng beam to connect with the top of the Kaixuan beam. The steel bars of the building structure are tied together, and the top surface of the half-joist beam has a rough surface. The method of claim 4, wherein the distance between a bottom end of the connecting portion of the first plate located in the girder and the top surface of the girder is at least greater than 8.8 cm. The method of any one of claims 1-3, wherein horizontally fixing one end of the second plate to an upper edge of the first plate includes: first setting a cover channel iron on the first plate On the upper edge, the second plate is welded to the cover channel iron. A building structure consisting of: a girder beam extending in a first axial direction and having a top surface; a first plate extending upward from an outer side of the girder beam; A first structure connected to the side of the first plate and the top surface of the girder; a first floor floor having one end connected to a first side of the upper portion of the first structure; and a second floor, one end of which is connected to a second side of the lower part of the first structure, the first side and the second side being opposite sides; There is a height difference H between the first floor and the second floor. Such as requesting the building structure of item 8, wherein the Haixuan beam is a half Haixuan beam, in which a plurality of steel bars extend from the top of the half Haixuan beam to be tied with the steel bars in the first structure above the Haixuan beam. , wherein the first plate is a buckle plate and a cover channel iron is provided on an upper edge of the first plate. For example, the building structure of claim 8, wherein the height difference H is 20 cm, 40 cm or 60 cm.

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