TW202409389A - Architecture structure and method of constructing the same - Google Patents

Abstract

The present application relates to an architecture structure and a method of constructing the same. The method includes the following steps: providing a precast beam extending in a first axial direction; providing a first plate extending upwardly from an outer side of the precast beam; providing a second plate and horizontally fixing it to the upper edge of the first plate, the second plate seving as a bottom formwork for a first floor, and having a first height; providing a third plate and horizontally disposing it on the precast beam and on the opposing side of the first plate, the third plate serving as a bottom formwork for a second floor, and having a second height, the first height being greater than the first height; providing a fourth plate and vertically disposing it on the opposing side of the first plate so that the fourth plate is roughly parallel to the first plate, and the bottom end of the fourth plate is spaced apart from the third plate by a first pre-determined distance so that the precast beam, the first plate, the second plate, the third plate and the fourth plate form a filling space; and pouring concrete into the filling space.

Description

Building structures and construction methods

The present invention relates to a building structure and a construction method thereof, and in particular to a building structure comprising high and low floors and precast beams and a construction method thereof.

RC (reinforced concrete) structures can be divided into the traditional on-site casting method of pouring concrete on site and the precasting method developed in recent years, which has the advantages of excellent structural quality, safe and rapid construction, and economical and reasonable construction costs. The precasting method is to manufacture reinforced structures and pour concrete in a precasting plant or around the construction site with standardized operation processes and modular molds, and quickly mass-produce precise precast components such as columns, beams, and plates. Through precise transportation management and assembly operations, the precast components produced in the precasting plant or around the construction site are assembled on site. In this way, the workload on the construction site can be reduced to a minimum, reducing manpower and construction time, thereby effectively shortening the construction period and ensuring construction quality. In addition, the pre-cast construction method can also reduce or avoid construction on the exterior wall scaffolding, greatly improving construction safety.

A structure with floors of different heights on both sides of a beam is a common special building structure, and its construction is more complicated than that of a general standard structure. Referring to FIG1 , it is known that the construction of such a structure includes the following steps: the steel bars 501 of the beam structure are arranged and tied at the construction site, and a template 80 is set around the steel bars 501 to form an L-shaped structure as shown in FIG1 . Then, a grouting operation is performed to pour concrete into the square space at the bottom of the L-shaped structure. After the concrete therein is roughly solidified, the concrete is continued to be poured into the rectangular space at the top of the L-shaped structure. After it is solidified, the grouting template 80 is removed to form an L-shaped reinforced concrete structure 50 as shown in FIG2-3 . Subsequently, horizontal bottom formwork and floor reinforcement 90 are set on both sides of the L-shaped reinforced concrete structure 50 and grouting formwork is set around it to form a grouting space, concrete is poured into the grouting space and waited to solidify to form a structure with floor slabs of different heights on both sides of the beam as shown in FIG. 3 .

However, the construction method of the building structure shown in the above-mentioned Figures 1-3 has many disadvantages. Referring to Figure 1, setting up the formwork 80 (e.g., steel formwork) around the steel bars 501 of the beam requires a lot of manpower and time. In addition, during the grouting operation, only the square portion at the bottom of the L-shaped structure can be filled first to prevent the concrete from overflowing from the uncovered top surface; after the concrete in the square portion at the bottom is roughly solidified, the grouting of the upper structure can be continued. This waiting process will increase the time required for the concrete pouring operation, thereby delaying the entire construction process.

Therefore, how to combine the field casting method and the construction method and bring into play their respective advantages to form a structure with floor slabs of different heights on both sides of the beam is what the industry has been longing for.

In order to achieve the above object, one aspect of the present invention relates to a method of constructing a building structure, comprising the following steps. A beam is provided, which extends in a first axial direction. A first plate is provided, extending upward from an outer side of the girder beam. A second board is provided and one end thereof is horizontally fixed to an upper edge of the first board. The second board serves as a bottom formwork of the first floor and has a first height. Provide a third board, one end of which is horizontally disposed on the beam and located on the opposite side of the first board. The third board serves as a bottom formwork for the second floor and has a second height, and the first height is higher than this second height. Provide a fourth plate, which is vertically disposed on the opposite side of the first plate so that it is substantially parallel to the first plate, and its bottom end is spaced a first predetermined distance from the third plate; whereby the beam and the first plate are , a filling space is formed between the second board, the third board and the fourth board. Concrete is grouted into the filled space and left to set to form the building structure.

Another aspect of the present invention relates to a building structure, which includes a beam, a first board, a first structure, a first floor, and a second floor. The Qixuan beam extends in a first axial direction and has a top surface. The first plate extends upward from an outer side of the beam. The first structure is connected to the side of the first plate and the top surface of the beam. One end of the first floor is connected to a first side of the upper portion of the first structure. One end of the second floor is connected to a second side of the lower part of the first structure, and the first side and the second side are opposite sides. In addition, there is a height difference H between the first floor and the second floor.

In order to more clearly understand the features, contents and advantages of the present invention and the effects that can be achieved, the present invention is described in detail as follows with reference to the accompanying drawings and in the form of embodiments. The drawings used therein are only for illustration and auxiliary description, and the proportions and configurations of the attached drawings should not be interpreted to limit the scope of the patent application of the present invention.

Please refer to FIG. 4 , which shows a construction schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention. First, a semi-cast beam 11 is provided, which extends in a first axial direction (a direction perpendicular to the paper). The first plate 2 is disposed on the outer side 113 of the semi-cast beam 11 during the formation process of the semi-cast beam 11, and after the semi-cast beam 11 is formed, it is fixed to the semi-cast beam 11 and extends upward from the outer side 113 of the semi-cast beam 11. In detail, in the above-mentioned embodiment, during the precasting process of the semi-precast beam 11, a connecting portion 21 of the first plate 2 is arranged on the outer side 1121 of the stirrup 112 in the semi-precast beam 11, and the outer surface of the first plate 2 is roughly flush with the corresponding outer surface of the precast beam, and the semi-precast beam 11 and the connecting portion 21 of the first plate 2 are grouted together, so that the connecting portion 21 of the first plate 2 is buried in the semi-precast beam 11.

In the above embodiment, the half-joist beam 11 has a plurality of steel bars 114 extending from the top, and the plurality of steel bars 114 are used to bind and combine with the steel bars of the building structure 1 located above the half-joist beam 11 (see Figure 8 and Figure 11), the top surface 111 of the half-rib beam 11 is a rough surface, so that the concrete poured above the half-rib beam 11 can be closely combined with the top surface of the half-rib beam 11 .

Please refer to FIG. 5, which is a second construction schematic diagram of the above embodiment. During construction, a second plate 3 is provided, and one end 31 of the second plate 3 is horizontally fixed to the upper edge 22 of the first plate 2. The second plate 3 serves as the bottom formwork of the first floor 12 and has a first height h1. The first height h1 of the second plate 3 refers to the distance from the second plate 3 to the bottom surface 115 of the precast beam 11.

Please refer to Figure 5A, which is a partial enlarged view of part A in Figure 5. In the above embodiment, the method of horizontally fixing one end 31 of the second plate 3 to the upper edge 22 of the first plate 2 includes first covering the groove. The iron 6 is arranged on the upper edge 22 of the first plate 2, and the second plate 3 is welded to the iron 6 of the cover channel.

The provision of the cover channel iron 6 can change the contact between the second plate 3 and the upper edge 22 of the first plate 2 from point contact to surface contact, so that the second plate 3 is more stably provided on the upper edge 22 of the first plate 2. In addition, welding the second plate 3 to the cover channel iron 6 can prevent the template from directly contacting the concrete during grouting.

Please refer to FIG. 6 , which is a construction schematic diagram of the third embodiment. Following the above construction steps, a third plate 4 is provided. One end 41 of the third plate 4 is horizontally arranged on the semi-precast beam 11 and is located on the opposite side of the first plate 2 and the second plate 3. The third plate 4 serves as the bottom formwork of the second floor 13 and has a second height h2. The second height h2 of the third plate 4 refers to the distance from the third plate 4 to the bottom surface 115 of the precast beam 11. The first height h1 is higher than the second height h2.

Continuing with reference to FIG. 6 , in this embodiment, the cross section of the precast beam 11 is rectangular and the length of its bottom side is about 60 cm. The first height h1 of the second plate 3 is about 110 cm. The second height h2 of the third plate 4 is about 50 cm. In addition, referring to FIG. 8 , the floor thickness t of the first floor plate 12 and the second floor plate 13 is about 20 cm.

Referring to Figure 8, in other embodiments, the first height h1 of the second plate 3, the second height h2 of the third plate 4, the thickness of the beam 11 and the thickness t of the floor can be adjusted according to actual needs, so that the The height difference H (ie, floor height difference) between the top surface of the first floor floor 12 and the top surface of the second floor floor 13 is approximately 20 cm, 40 cm or 60 cm.

Returning to FIG. 6 , during construction, the second plate 3 placed on the upper edge 22 of the first plate 2 bears not only the self-weight of the formwork, but also the load of the floor slab concrete, the working load, and the impact load. The sum of these loads (i.e., the total load W1) not only applies a downward force to the first plate 2, but also causes the first plate 2 to bear a moment. When this downward force or moment exceeds a critical value, it will cause the first plate 2 to buckle. In addition, the longer the portion of the first plate 2 extending upward outside the precast beam 11 is, the greater the moment generated by the load above the second plate 3 on the first plate 2, thereby increasing the possibility of buckling of the first plate 2.

In order to prevent the above-mentioned buckling problem of the first plate 2, the above embodiment performs a structural analysis based on the expected load of the second plate 3 to select a suitable model and size of the first plate 2, and conducts a buckling check on the first plate 2 , to ensure it does not buckle. For example, reducing the length of the portion of the first plate 2 that extends upward beyond the beam or increasing the thickness of the first plate 2 can help prevent buckling of the first plate 2 .

Referring to Figure 6, in one embodiment, the length of the portion of the first plate 2 extending upward outside the beam 11 is 60 cm, the total load W1 of the second plate is 910kgf/ ^m2 , and the first plate 2 is stressed. In the case of 1,775kgf/m, select VERSA-DEK closed type 40H (steel plate thickness is 0.76mm, cross-sectional area is 12.62cm ² /m, unit weight is 10.40kg/m ² , moment of inertia is 29.23cm ⁴ /m, The positive bending moment section modulus is 9.61cm ³ /m and the negative bending moment section modulus is 8.20cm ³ /m) as the first plate 2 will not buckle.

However, under the parameter conditions of the above embodiment, if the grouting pressure W2 applied by the concrete on the right side of the first plate 2 during grouting is further considered, the first plate 2 may bend. In addition, the lateral force caused by the grouting pressure W2 on the first plate 2 may further cause the connection portion 21 between the first plate 2 and the precast beam 11 to crack.

Specifically, referring to Figure 6, under the parameter conditions as in the above embodiment, when the grouting height is 0.8 meters, the grouting pressure exerted by concrete on the first plate is 1920kgf/ ^m2 . In this case, the first plate 2 will yield and deflect, and the concrete interface between the connecting portion 21 of the first plate 2 and the girder beam 11 may crack.

Therefore, in order to prevent the first plate 2 from buckling and bending, the above embodiment applies an external force to the right to the first plate 2 to offset the bending moment and grouting pressure W2 caused by the above total load W1.

Please refer to FIG. 7 , which is a fourth construction diagram of the above embodiment. Continuing with the above construction steps, a fourth plate 5 is provided. The fourth plate 5 is vertically disposed above the precast beam 11 and is located on the outer side 1141 of the steel bar 114 on the opposite side of the first plate 2. The fourth plate 5 is substantially parallel to the first plate 2 and the bottom end 51 of the fourth plate 5 is spaced apart from the third plate 4 by a first predetermined distance d1. In addition, at least one tie rod 7 is provided (two tie rods are shown in FIG. 8 ) and the fourth plate 5 and the first plate 2 are connected by the two ends of the tie rod 7 so that a second predetermined distance d2 is maintained between the fourth plate 5 and the first plate 2.

In order to prevent the first plate 2 from buckling and bending, under the parameter conditions of the above embodiment, at the positions of 30 cm and 50 cm away from the top surface of the pre-cast beam 11 of the first plate 2, a row of tie rods with a diameter of 8 mm and a longitudinal spacing of 50 cm along the semi-pre-cast column 11 are connected to the first plate 2 and the fourth plate 5, so that the two ends of the tie rods hold the first plate 2 and the fourth plate 5.

In addition to checking the buckling and flexure of the aforementioned first plate 2, the above-mentioned embodiment also needs to check the risk of cracking at the concrete interface between the connecting portion 21 of the first plate 2 and the precast beam 11. Referring to Figures 7 and 8, under the parameter conditions of the aforementioned embodiment, in order to prevent the concrete interface between the connecting portion 21 of the first plate 2 and the precast beam 11 from cracking, the distance between the bottom end 23 of the connecting portion 21 of the first plate 2 located in the precast beam 11 and the top surface 111 of the precast beam 11 (i.e., the anchor length l) must be at least greater than 8.8 cm. The longer the anchor length l is, the smaller the risk of cracking at the concrete interface between the connecting portion 21 of the first plate 2 and the precast beam 11. The range of anchor length l greater than 8.8 cm can meet most of the requirements of actual construction.

In addition, in order to ensure that the concrete below the bottom end 23 of the first plate 2 in the precast beam 11 is sufficient to resist the shear force caused by the force and moment to which the first plate 2 is subjected, the shear strength of the protective layer needs to be checked. Referring to FIG. 8A, which is a partial enlarged view of part B in FIG. 8, when the total load W1 of the second plate 3 and the floor slab it carries is 910 kgf/ ^m2 , the first plate 2 will be subjected to a downward force of 1,775 kgf/m2. When the shear force caused by this force exceeds a critical value, it will cause the concrete below the bottom end 23 of the first plate 2 in the precast beam 11 to crack (for example: the 45-degree inclined crack of the concrete below the bottom end 23 shown in FIG. 8A). Under the aforementioned parameter conditions, when the thickness p of the protective layer on the outer side 1121 of the stirrup 112 of the precast beam 11 is at least 4 cm, the concrete protective layer of the first plate 2 below the bottom end 23 in the precast beam 11 will not crack.

Please refer to Figure 8, which is a construction schematic diagram 5 of the above embodiment. Continuing the above construction steps, concrete is grouted into the filling space 8 formed by the beam 11, the first plate 2, the second plate 3, the third plate 4 and the fourth plate 5. After the concrete is solidified, the second plate 3 , the third plate 4 and the fourth plate 5 are removed to form the building structure 1 . The construction sequence of the above construction steps can be adjusted according to actual needs. The method provided by the above embodiments of the present invention can eliminate the need to configure the steel bars and grouting formwork of the L-shaped beam at the construction site, can also save the waiting time required for the two-stage grouting interval, and can greatly improve the construction of L-shaped beams with different heights on both sides. The construction efficiency of the building structure of the floor slab.

In the above embodiment, the first board 2, the second board 3, the third board 4 or the fourth board 5 may be buckle boards or Deck boards. Referring to Figure 9, the Deck board can be a Versa-Dek board of different models of Versa-Dek®. One side of the deck board is a flat surface, and the other side has elongated protrusions 20 arranged at equal intervals, and each long protrusion 20 has a dovetail-shaped cross section. During construction, the surface of the buckle board or deck board with the long protrusions 20 faces the space to be grouted.

Referring to Figure 10, which is a schematic diagram of another alternative embodiment similar to the construction schematic diagram shown in Figure 4, in which the first plate 2 is not buried in the half-tied beam 11 during the construction process. Instead of grouting together, the half-way beam 11 is built separately first, and then the first plate 2 is attached on-site (for example, by bolts, rivets, etc. that are pre-embedded in the half-way beam 11) to the half-way beam 11. Outside 113. In this alternative embodiment, the first panel 2 is removed after completion of grouting of the building structure 1 .

Please refer to Figure 11, which is a schematic diagram of a building structure 1 constructed according to the method provided in the above embodiment. In this embodiment, the building structure 1 includes a semi-precast beam 11, a first plate 2, a first floor 12, a second floor 13, and a first structure 14. The semi-precast beam 11 extends in a first axial direction (vertical to the paper direction) and has a top surface 111. The first plate 2 extends upward from the outer side 113 of the semi-precast beam 11. The first structure 14 is connected to the inner side surface 24 of the first plate 2 and the top surface 111 of the semi-precast beam 11. One end 121 of the first floor 12 is connected to the first side 141 of the upper part of the first structure 14. One end 131 of the second floor 13 is connected to the second side 142 of the lower portion of the first structure 14, wherein the first side 141 and the second side 142 are opposite sides. The first floor 12 and the second floor 13 have a height difference H. The height difference H can be 20 cm, 40 cm or 60 cm.

Referring to FIG. 11 , in this embodiment, the half-way beam 11 has a plurality of steel bars 114 extending from the top surface 111 of the half-way beam 11 to be tied with the steel bars in the first structure 14 above the half-way beam 11 . In addition, the first plate 2 is a buckle plate, and a cover channel iron 6 is provided on the upper edge 22 of the first plate 2 .

The present invention has been described with reference to the embodiments and for the understanding of the specific applications of the features of the present invention may be practiced individually and/or in various combinations and/or on various types. Moreover, those skilled in the art will recognize that various modifications may be made to the embodiments in any of their applications without departing from the scope of the present invention. In addition, alternative embodiments may be made with different constituent materials, structures and/or spatial relationships and nonetheless still fall within the scope of the present invention. In view of the foregoing, the present invention shall be limited only to the scope of the permissible patent claims issued by this application or any related application.

The terms "a" or "an" herein are used to describe the elements and components of the present invention. This term is only for the convenience of description and to give the basic concept of the present invention. This description should be understood to include one or at least one, and unless otherwise clearly indicated, the singular also includes the plural. When used with the word "including" in the scope of the patent application, the term "a" can mean one or more than one. In addition, the term "or" herein means the same as "and/or".

Unless otherwise specified, spatial descriptions such as "above", "below", "upward", "left", "right", "downward", "top", "bottom", "vertical", "horizontal", "side", "higher", "lower", "upper", "above", "below", etc. are indicated with respect to the directions shown in the figures. It should be understood that the spatial descriptions used herein are for illustrative purposes only, and the actual implementation of the structures described herein can be spatially configured in any relative direction, and this limitation does not change the advantages of the various embodiments of the present invention. For example, in the description of some embodiments, providing an element "on" another element can cover the situation where the previous element is directly on the latter element (for example, in physical contact with the latter element) and the situation where one or more intervening elements are located between the previous element and the latter element.

As used herein, the terms "substantially," "substantial," "substantial," and "approximately" are used to describe and take into account minor variations. When used in conjunction with an event or circumstance, these terms may mean both the situation where the event or circumstance definitely occurred and the situation where the event or circumstance closely approximates to occurring.

1: Building structure 2: First plate 3: Second plate 4: Third plate 5: Fourth plate 6: Covering channel iron 7: Tie rod 8: Filling space 11: Precast beam/semi-precast beam 12: First floor 13: Second floor 14: First structure 21: Connection part 22: Upper edge 23: Bottom end 24: Inner side 31: End 41: End 20: Long protrusion 50: L-shaped reinforced concrete structure 51: Bottom end 80: Grouting formwork 90: Floor slab reinforcement 111: Top surface 112: Stirrups 113: Outer side 114: Rebar 115: Bottom surface 121: end 131: end 141: first side 142: second side 501: steel bar 1121: outside 1141: outside d1: first predetermined distance d2: second predetermined distance H: height difference h1: first height h2: second height l: anchor length p: protective layer thickness t: floor thickness W1: total load W2: grouting pressure

In order to have a clearer understanding of the effects achieved by the present invention and its advantages, the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in the form of embodiments. Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the construction of a conventional structure with floor slabs of different heights on both sides of the beam. Figure 2 is a schematic diagram 2 of the construction of a conventional structure with floor slabs of different heights on both sides of the beam. Figure 3 is a schematic diagram 3 of the construction of a conventional structure with floor slabs of different heights on both sides of the beam. Figure 4 is a construction schematic diagram 1 of an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 5 is a second construction schematic diagram of the above embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 5A is a partial enlarged view of part A of FIG. 5 . Figure 6 is the third construction schematic diagram of the above embodiment of the present invention. Figure 7 is a construction diagram 4 of the above embodiment. Figure 8 is a construction diagram 5 of the above embodiment. FIG. 8A is a partial enlarged view of part B of FIG. 8 . Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the buckle plate used in the above embodiment of the present invention. Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the present invention. Figure 11 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the above embodiment of the present invention.

1: Building structure

2: First board

5: Fourth board

6: Cover trough iron

7: Pair the tie rod

8: Fill the space

11:Haixuanliang/Half Haixuanliang

12:First floor floor

13: Second floor floor

14: First structure

21: Connection part

22:Top edge

23: Bottom

24: Medial side

51: Bottom

90: Floor steel bars

111: Top surface

112: stirrups

113:Outside

114:Rebar

115: Bottom surface

121: End

131: End

141: First side

142: Second side

1121:Outside

d1: first predetermined distance

d2: second predetermined distance

H: Height difference

Claims (10)

A method of constructing a building structure consisting of: Provide a Qixuan beam extending in a first axial direction; Provide a first plate extending upward from an outer side of the girder beam; A second board is provided and one end thereof is horizontally fixed to an upper edge of the first board. The second board serves as a bottom formwork of a first floor and has a first height; Provide a third board, one end of which is horizontally disposed on the girder and located on the opposite side of the first board, the third board serves as a bottom formwork of a second floor floor and has a second height, wherein the first height is higher than the second height; Provide a fourth plate, which is vertically disposed on the opposite side of the first plate so that it is substantially parallel to the first plate, and its bottom end is spaced a first predetermined distance from the third plate; Thereby, a filling space is formed between the girder, the first plate, the second plate, the third plate and the fourth plate; and Concrete is grouted into the filled space and allowed to solidify to form the building structure. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein providing the first plate includes positioning a connecting portion of the first plate on the outside of the precast beam during the precasting process of the precast beam and grouting the precast beam and the connecting portion of the first plate together. The method of claim 1 further comprises: Providing at least one pair of tie rods and connecting the fourth plate and the first plate via the two ends of the pair of tie rods so that a second predetermined distance is maintained between the fourth plate and the first plate. A method as claimed in claim 2, wherein during the precasting process of the precast beam, a connecting portion of the first plate is disposed in the precast beam, including disposing the first plate on the outer side of the stirrups in the precast beam, and making the outer surface of the first plate roughly flush with the corresponding outer surface of the precast beam. A method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the precast beam is provided, including providing a half precast beam, wherein a plurality of steel bars extend from the top of the half precast beam to be tied and combined with the steel bars of the building structure above the precast beam, and the top surface of the half precast beam is a rough surface. A method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the distance between a bottom end of the connecting portion of the first plate located in the pre-cast beam and the top surface of the pre-cast beam is at least greater than 8.8 cm. A method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein fixing one end of the second plate horizontally to an upper edge of the first plate comprises: firstly placing a cover channel iron on the upper edge of the first plate, and then welding the second plate to the cover channel iron. A building structure, comprising: a precast beam extending in a first axial direction and having a top surface; a first plate extending upward from an outer side of the precast beam; a first structure connected to the side surface of the first plate and the top surface of the precast beam; a first floor plate, one end of which is connected to a first side of the upper part of the first structure; and a second floor plate, one end of which is connected to a second side of the lower part of the first structure, the first side and the second side being opposite sides; wherein the first floor plate and the second floor plate have a height difference H. A building structure as claimed in claim 8, wherein the precast beam is a half precast beam, wherein a plurality of steel bars extend from the top of the half precast beam to be tied and combined with the steel bars in the first structure above the precast beam, wherein the first plate is a fastener plate and a cover channel iron is arranged on an upper edge of the first plate. A building structure as claimed in claim 8, wherein the height difference H is 20 cm, 40 cm or 60 cm.

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