TWI813220B - 包含副乾酪乳桿菌的組合物、及其經由細胞焦亡、細胞週期停滯而抑制鼻咽癌的用途 - Google Patents
包含副乾酪乳桿菌的組合物、及其經由細胞焦亡、細胞週期停滯而抑制鼻咽癌的用途 Download PDFInfo
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- lactobacillus paracasei
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- cells
- nasopharyngeal cancer
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Abstract
一種包含副乾酪乳桿菌的組合物、及其經由細胞焦亡、細胞週期停滯而抑制鼻咽癌的用途;將包含副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653或其熱殺死全菌液作為有效成分,經由細胞焦亡、或細胞週期停滯且在不透過引發細胞凋亡之機制的情況下,抑制鼻咽癌細胞生長或降低鼻咽癌腫瘤生成的機率。
Description
本發明是有關於一種副乾酪乳桿菌用於抗鼻咽癌之技術領域,特別係經由細胞焦亡、或細胞週期停滯而抑制鼻咽癌。
鼻咽癌發生的分布具有區域差異性,尤其在東南亞及中國南部較為嚴重,其原因與飲食、基因特性及暴露物質有關,而且與人類泡疹病毒(Epstein-Barr virus)感染具有高度的關聯性。鼻咽癌的治療是以放射治療為主,但這種治療法早期併發症較大且較難忍受,或使用手術摘除經照射後仍未消除的頸部淋巴結之輔助性療法。放射治療會導致唾液腺分泌被破壞,口水漸漸減少形成乾性咽喉炎,或產生中耳積水等永久性後遺症,還有頭顱底部區域的纖維化、口腔黏膜炎等等。亦有研究指出接受放射治療的鼻咽癌患者有較高的風險出現甲狀腺功能低下的現象,因此找出風險較低的治療方式對於鼻咽癌的控制有其發展性。
益生菌被定義為有生命且非致病的微生物,當控制在適當的數量時對宿主的健康有益,廣為大眾所知的諸如改善腸道菌相、降低致病菌對人體傷害的機會、增強免疫系統反應及降低過敏反應等,甚至能做為癌症病患的營養補給品。益生菌可調節發炎反應,增強了上皮的屏障功能以防止腸道的慢性發炎。在大腸直腸癌中,益生菌與益生質(prebiotics)的統合調整飲食,則被認為可避免致癌物的產生,或降低致癌物的致癌性,從而防止了腫瘤的形成。
益生菌的用法除了活菌或其產物之外,熱處理後的益生菌菌液其無菌體上清液和經純化的關鍵成分能夠帶來有益的作用。熱滅活的益生菌或其純化後具關鍵作用的成分,與活的益生菌相比,在使用安全性上具有其優勢。癌症病人由於癌細胞轉移至骨髓,或接受化、放療,而導致身體免疫系統功能低落,使用熱滅活的益生菌製劑相對安全。熱殺死的
L. brevis益生菌可增加HT-29細胞中促凋亡蛋白BAX、Caspase-3和Caspase-9 mRNA的表現量,並減少了HT-29細胞中抗凋亡蛋白Bcl2的表現。熱殺死的
Bacillus coagulansUnique IS2菌株培養上清液則被發現可透過誘導促凋亡蛋白BAX的表現量增加,同時降低抗凋亡蛋白Bcl2的表現,導致Caspase 3活性、細胞色素C釋放的增加,進而抑制大腸癌的增生。在免疫正常BALB/c小鼠中,口服熱殺死之
L. plantarumBF-LP284,其產生的腫瘤抑制效果,比餵食活菌來的良好;研究發現,熱殺死之
L. plantarumBF-LP284會刺激脾臟細胞產生INF-γ,並刺激具抗腫瘤活性的T細胞自脾臟移動到腫瘤區,以執行抑制腫瘤細胞生長的功能。益生菌的熱殺死菌在許多研究中都被發現具有抑制癌細胞增生及抗腫瘤形成的能力。
L. paracaseiK5能貼附在大腸癌細胞表面並藉由引起細胞凋亡而抑制癌細胞增生。
L. paracaseiSR4能藉由引起細胞凋亡與細胞氧化壓力上升來殺死子宮頸癌細胞。
然而,現有的益生菌殺死癌細胞的技術中,主要是以引起細胞凋亡(apoptosis)的方式來導致癌細胞死亡,而沒有經由細胞焦亡(pyropotosis)、或細胞週期停滯(cell cycle arrest)的方式來引起癌細胞死亡,也沒有發現任何益生菌可以用於殺死鼻咽癌的癌細胞。
有鑑於此,本發明人深刻瞭解前案之不足與缺陷,乃亟思加以改良創新,並經多年研究後,終於成功分離出具有經由細胞焦亡、或細胞週期停滯而抑制鼻咽癌之抗鼻咽癌功效的益生菌,此益生菌為副乾酪乳桿菌並證實其具有抗鼻咽癌之功效,也為鼻咽癌治療提供一個新穎且安全的治療策略。
為達成上述目的,本發明提供一種組合物,其包含副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653或其熱殺死全菌液作為有效成分,有效成分經由細胞焦亡、或細胞週期停滯而抑制鼻咽癌細胞生長或降低鼻咽癌腫瘤生成的機率,副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653的寄存編號為BCRC 910721或CCTCC M 2016226。
在本發明的一實施例中,有效成分不是經由引發細胞凋亡之機制來抑制鼻咽癌細胞生長或降低鼻咽癌腫瘤生成的機率。
在本發明的一實施例中,有效成分包含副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653或其熱殺死全菌液中的肽聚醣及脂壁酸。
在本發明的一實施例中,有效成分包含副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653的熱殺菌上清液中,依分子量大小分離所得之含有大於3千道爾頓(kDa)之分子的部分。
在本發明的一實施例中,組合物為醫藥組合物、營養補充品或保健食品。
在本發明的一實施例中,組合物可進一步包含藥學上可接受之載劑。
在本發明的一實施例中,組合物係溶液、懸浮液、乳劑、粉末、錠劑、丸劑、糖漿、口含錠、片劑、口嚼膠、濃漿或膠囊。
在本發明的一實施例中,組合物可進一步包含一可食性材料,可食性材料包含但不限於水、流體乳品、牛奶、濃縮牛奶、優酪乳、酸乳、冷凍優格、乳桿菌發酵飲料、奶粉、冰淇淋、乳酪、乾酪、豆奶、發酵豆奶、蔬果汁、果汁、運動飲料、甜點、果凍、糖果、嬰兒食品、健康食品、動物飼料、中草藥材或膳食補充品。
本發明另外提供一種副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653用於製備預防或治療鼻咽癌之醫藥組合物的用途,醫藥組合物包含副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653或其熱殺死全菌液作為有效成分,有效成分經由細胞焦亡、或細胞週期停滯而抑制鼻咽癌細胞生長或降低鼻咽癌腫瘤生成的機率,副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653的寄存編號為BCRC 910721或CCTCC M 2016226。
在本發明的一實施例中,有效成分不是經由引發細胞凋亡之機制來抑制鼻咽癌細胞生長或降低鼻咽癌腫瘤生成的機率。
在本發明的一實施例中,有效成分包含副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653或其熱殺死全菌液中的肽聚醣及脂壁酸。
在本發明的一實施例中,有效成分包含副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653的熱殺菌上清液中,依分子量大小分離所得之含有大於3千道爾頓(kDa)之分子的部分。
在本發明的一實施例中,有效成分是藉由使鼻咽癌細胞內的活性含氧物生成量增加、並於鼻咽癌細胞內累積活性含氧物,進而抑制鼻咽癌細胞生長。
在本發明的一實施例中,有效成分是藉由抑制鼻咽癌的癌幹細胞自我更新的能力,進而降低鼻咽癌腫瘤生成的機率。
在本發明的一實施例中,副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653或其熱殺死全菌液中的肽聚醣及脂壁酸的有效劑量分別為10 μg/ml至50 μg/ml。
在本發明的一實施例中,醫藥組合物係選自以口服、注射、塗抹、噴劑或貼片中任一方式投予至病患體內。
本發明提供了一種經由細胞焦亡、或細胞週期停滯而抑制鼻咽癌的副乾酪乳桿菌菌株GMNL-653,此菌株具有抑制鼻咽癌細胞生長或降低鼻咽癌腫瘤生成的機率之功效,尤其係藉由使鼻咽癌細胞內的活性含氧物生成量增加、並於鼻咽癌細胞內累積活性含氧物,或藉由抑制鼻咽癌的癌幹細胞自我更新的能力,且在不透過引發細胞凋亡之機制的情況下來抑制鼻咽癌。本發明更提供一種包含經由細胞焦亡、或細胞週期停滯而抑制鼻咽癌的副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653作為有效成分的組合物,本發明所提供的組合物因係以益生菌作為有效成分,故具有副作用低之優勢。
[術語定義]
本說明書中廣泛地使用生物技術領域內習用之許多技術性及科學術語,在以下描述中,為了對本說明書及申請專利範圍以及賦予該等術語之範疇有清楚又一致的瞭解,提供以下定義。沒有在下述所特別定義的其他術語,則為該所屬專業人士領域可共同瞭解的意義。
本說明書及申請專利範圍中所述之單數用語「一」、「一個」、「該」,除非另有說明,皆可指涉多於一個對象。
本說明書使用之「或」、「以及」、「和」,除非另有說明,皆指涉「或/和」。此外,用語「包含」、「包括」皆非有所限制之開放式連接詞。前述段落僅為系統性之指涉而不應解釋為對發明主體之限制。
本說明書用語「鼻咽癌」係指源自於鼻咽部覆蓋黏膜的上皮細胞癌的總稱,其係包含但不限於鱗狀上皮細胞癌、未角質化癌、未分化癌、上升型鼻咽癌、下降型鼻咽癌、混合型鼻咽癌、潰瘍型鼻咽癌、小葉型鼻咽癌、凸出型鼻咽癌、凸出及小葉型鼻咽癌、浸潤型鼻咽癌、膨出型鼻咽癌、以及顆粒型鼻咽癌等。在本發明中,在偵測、分析、分類或治療中,鼻咽癌相關細胞包括癌前(例如良性)、惡性、轉移前、轉移性及非轉移性細胞。
術語「治療」、「用於治療」及其類似用語在本文中用於為了獲得某種效果而投與某種藥劑。該效果為治療性的部分或完全有效治癒某一疾病及/或該疾病之症狀。如本文中所使用,「治療」涵蓋哺乳動物(尤其人類)之鼻咽癌的任何治療,且包括:(a)抑制疾病,亦即阻止其發展;及(b)緩解疾病,亦即使疾病消退。在腫瘤(例如鼻咽癌)治療中,治療劑可直接減少腫瘤細胞之生長與轉移。
術語「細胞培養」及其類似用語在本文中用於將細胞維持在人造活體外環境中。然而,應瞭解,術語「細胞培養」為通用術語,且不僅可用於涵蓋個別細胞的培育,亦涵蓋組織或器官的培育。
術語「腫瘤」在本文中用於所有贅生性細胞(惡性或良性)之生長及增殖,以及所有癌前及癌性的細胞及組織。
術語「藥學上可接受」係指稱物質或組合物必須與其藥學上調配物之其他成分相容,且不加劇患者之症狀。
本發明提供之組合物係可利用本發明所屬技術領域具有通常知識者所詳知的技術,將本案所提供之有效成分或組合物,與至少一藥學上可接受之載劑(vehicle),製備一適用本發明組合物之劑型。其中該劑型包含但不限於溶液、乳劑、懸浮液、粉末、錠劑、口含錠、藥片、口嚼膠、膠囊以及其他類似或適用本發明之劑型。
術語「藥學上可接受之載劑」包含一種或多種選自於下列的成分類型:溶劑、乳化劑、懸浮劑、分解劑、黏結劑、賦形劑、安定劑、螯合劑、稀釋劑、膠凝劑、防腐劑、潤滑劑、表面活性劑、及其他類似或適用於本發明之載劑。
前述組合物中,亦可依需適宜地添加一種或多種以上製劑領域內通常使用之溶解輔助劑、緩衝劑、著色劑、調味劑等。
術語「藥學上可接受之賦形劑」包括但不限於:聚合物、樹脂、增塑劑、填料、潤滑劑、稀釋劑、黏合劑、崩解劑、溶劑、共一溶劑、界面活性劑、防腐劑、甜味劑、調味劑、藥學級的染料或顏料、黏度劑中的至少一者。
術語「醫藥組合物」係指稱一固體或液體組成物,其形式、濃度和純度程度適合投予給患者,在投予之後,其可誘發所欲生理變化;醫藥組成物為無菌及/或非發熱性者(non-pyrogenic)。
術語「有效量」係指稱產生、造成預期之生物體反應所必須之劑量,且非以治療痊癒所需為定量。本發明所屬技術領域具通常知識者可理解,醫藥組合物之有效量可視諸如下列等因素而變化:期望生物終點、擬遞送生物活性劑、囊封基質(encapsulating matrix)之組成、目標組織等。
術語「與...有關聯」或「與...相關」及其類似用語在本文中用於指兩個事件情況之間的統計相關性,該等事件包括數字、資料組及其類似者。舉例而言,當事件涉及數字時,正相關意謂隨著一者增加,另一者亦增加。負相關意謂隨著一者增加,另一者將減少。
[副乾酪乳桿菌]
本發明的副乾酪乳桿菌,只要能夠經由細胞焦亡、或細胞週期停滯而抑制鼻咽癌,則副乾酪乳桿菌的菌株沒有特別限定,作為一實施例,可列舉:寄存編號為BCRC 910520的副乾酪乳桿菌、副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653(
Lactobacillus paracaseiGMNL-653),副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653寄存於台灣食品工業研究所,編號為BCRC 910721、中國典型培養物保藏中心(CCTCC),寄存編號為CCTCC M 2016226;副乾酪乳桿菌的菌株可以使用一種,也可以併用兩種以上。本發明對副乾酪乳桿菌的來源也沒有特別限定,可以通過常規的商購獲得,也可以通過實驗室或臨床自行分離獲得。
[治療鼻咽癌的方法]
本發明另揭示一種副乾酪乳桿菌用於治療鼻咽癌的方法,該方法是關於向有需要之患者投予治療有效量之副乾酪乳桿菌或其熱殺死全菌液作為有效成分,經由細胞焦亡、或細胞週期停滯而預防或治療鼻咽癌;熱殺死全菌液中的有效成分包含熱殺菌上清液、熱殺菌菌體(包含脂壁酸、肽聚醣)。
本發明的治療方法可用於哺乳動物個體(尤其人類)之鼻咽癌治療方法中,患有或處於發展成腫瘤風險的個體皆為本文所述之治療方法所涵蓋。
本發明之治療方法是關於向個體(例如人類患者)投予副乾酪乳桿菌或其熱殺死全菌液以抑制鼻咽癌細胞之生長。根據本發明之治療方法亦可適用於在患者中減小腫瘤尺寸、降低腫瘤負荷及/或改善臨床結果。
[副乾酪乳桿菌之投藥]
以鼻咽癌組織為目標投予副乾酪乳桿菌或其熱殺死全菌液可經由各種方法達成,包括腫瘤內、靜脈內、皮內、皮下、經口(例如吸入)、經皮(亦即局部)、經黏膜、腹膜內、動脈內及經直腸投藥。其他適合之途徑包括如下方式投與組合物:經口、經頰、經鼻、經鼻咽、非經腸、經腸、經胃、局部、經皮、皮下、肌肉內、以錠劑、固體、散劑、液體、氣溶膠形式、病灶內注入腫瘤中、病灶內注入腫瘤附近、靜脈內輸注及動脈內輸注。可在添加或不添加賦形劑之情況下進行局部或全身投藥。亦可經由緩慢釋放模式在個體之腫瘤部位或腫瘤部位周圍進行投藥。其中,投藥方式較佳為選自以口服、注射、塗抹、噴劑或貼片中任一方式投予至病患體內。
[劑量]
在本發明的治療方法中,向有需要之個體投予有效量之副乾酪乳桿菌或其熱殺死全菌液。詳言之,視投藥目的、待治療個體之健康及身體狀況、年齡、待治療個體之分類組(例如人類、非人類靈長類、靈長類等)、副乾酪乳桿菌或其熱殺死全菌液之劑型、治療臨床醫師對醫學情形之評估及其他相關因素而變化。預期該量將在相對寬的範圍內,此可經由常規試驗來測定。舉例而言,為了能夠充分促使鼻咽癌細胞死亡,副乾酪乳桿菌或其熱殺死全菌液的有效劑量為1 × 10
8cells/ml至1 × 10
9cells/ml。
其中,副乾酪乳桿菌或其熱殺死全菌液中的肽聚醣的有效劑量為10 μg/ml至50 μg/ml;副乾酪乳桿菌或其熱殺死全菌液中的脂壁酸的有效劑量為10 μg/ml至50 μg/ml。
本發明係以下面的實施例予以示範闡明,然而,以下實施例純係本發明之例示,故不應以任何方式被視為本發明範圍的限制,另外,以下所用之副乾酪乳桿菌與材料皆從市售易於取得。
[副乾酪乳桿菌的培養與熱殺死全菌液的製備]
副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653及寄存編號為BCRC 910520的副乾酪乳桿菌培養在培養基(DeMan-Rogosa-Sharpe, MRS)中,放置於37 °C,5% CO
2的培養箱中24小時,經2活後再培養24小時。將菌液離心(4000 rpm, 15 min)後,將菌體收集以無菌水清洗2次後,回溶無菌水並以OD 590nm測定菌數,並調整為1 × 10
10(cells/ml),再以121°C高溫加熱15分鐘。此即為副乾酪乳桿菌的熱殺死全菌液,其中副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653的熱殺死全菌液以下簡稱為HK-653。
[副乾酪乳桿菌的熱殺菌上清液、熱殺菌菌體、脂壁酸、肽聚醣的分離製備]
在副乾酪乳桿菌的熱殺死全菌液中,為釐清有效成分是熱殺菌上清液或在熱殺菌菌體(pellet);將副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653的熱殺死全菌液 (1 × 10
10cells/ml) 經高速離心12000g離心10分鐘,收集熱殺菌上清液,並通過0.22 μm濾膜過濾以完全去除菌體,即為副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653熱殺菌上清液(HK-653-s, sup),並用3K濾膜分離成分子量大於3kDa(Sup>3K)或小於3kDa(Sup<3K)的部分。離心後的細菌團塊則回溶原始體積之無菌水中,重新打散細菌團塊後作為熱殺菌菌體溶液(HK-653-p, pellet)。
在熱殺菌菌體中,為釐清有效成分是脂壁酸(lipoteichoic acid, LTA)或肽聚糖(peptidoglycan, PGN),因此進一步純化副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653的熱殺菌菌體之細胞壁成分LTA或PGN,進行後續實驗。
純化LTA步驟如下:將熱殺菌菌體回溶於0.05 M乙酸鈉(pH4.0)中,並利用超聲波破碎機(型號W-220F)破碎細胞然後離心,離心後菌塊用氯仿:甲醇:水(比例為1:1:0.9)的溶液來回溶混合物,收集含有LTA的水相,利用蒸發法除去殘留的甲醇,然後將LTA注入到含有15%正丙醇和0.05 M乙酸鈉(pH 4.7)緩衝液之Octyl-Sepharose CL-4B樹脂(2.5×20cm)(Sigma)上,逐步提高正丙醇濃度將LTA分離,將分離出之LTA再通入Q-Sepharose離子交換樹脂逐步提高NaCl濃度將LTA作再精緻純化,最後真空蒸發。
純化PGN步驟如下:熱殺菌菌體用磷酸緩衝鹽水(PBS)洗滌三次後,利用超音波破碎機破50 g乳酸菌(濕重)以製備粗提取物,以8,000 rpm離心30分鐘後,收集Pellet然後用蒸餾水(DW)回溶,進行離心(8,000 rpm,30分鐘,4℃),此步驟重複三次,最後將沉澱的沉澱物與100 mg/ml RNA酶和50 mg/ml DNase反應18小時,然後再加入200 mg/ml胰蛋白酶之後,將在37℃下再反應18小時,通過離心(8,000 rpm,30分鐘,4℃)然後將其凍乾,為了製備PGN,將1克細胞壁與5%三氯乙酸(TCA)在22℃下反應18小時,並以8,000 rpm離心30分鐘沉澱,TCA萃取沉澱物用水洗滌三次,用丙酮洗滌三次,乾燥製成肽聚醣粉末。
[群落分析法(Clonogenic assay)]
將人類鼻咽癌細胞NPC-BM1、鼻咽癌細胞NPC-076以100 cells/well的細胞量種於12孔細胞培養盤中,分別加入副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653及作為對照菌的寄存編號為BCRC 910520的副乾酪乳桿菌之熱殺死全菌液培養8天後,加入2% 甲醛(Formaldehyde)固定細胞,再用0.5%結晶紫溶液(crystal violet)染色並拍照記錄,並以ImageJ計算細胞覆蓋面積,以二次水處理組當作參照對象,換算副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653或寄存編號為BCRC 910520的副乾酪乳桿菌熱殺死全菌液處理組的比例,以分析副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653及寄存編號為BCRC 910520的副乾酪乳桿菌的熱殺死全菌液對鼻咽癌細胞生長的影響。
[細胞存活率檢定法(methylthiazol tetrazolium assay, MTT)]
將人類鼻咽癌細胞NPC-BM1或鼻咽癌細胞NPC-076種於96孔盤(1000 cells/well),並加入不同濃度的以下物質:副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653的熱殺死全菌液(HK-653)、分離出的熱殺菌菌體(HK-653-p, pellet)或熱殺菌上清液(HK-653-s, sup)、熱殺菌上清液中經3kDa濾膜分離之含有小於3kDa(Sup<3K)之分子的部分或含有大於3kDa(Sup>3K)之分子的部分、經純化的熱殺菌菌體之細胞壁成份LTA或PGN,於培養48小時或72小時後加入甲基噻唑四氮唑(MTT)(3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, Sigma-Aldrich)放置2小時,測其在單波長570nm下的OD值,並比較細胞存活情形,以分析副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653在不同部份之熱殺死全菌液對鼻咽癌細胞生長的影響。
[流式細胞儀細胞週期分析]
將人類鼻咽癌細胞NPC-BM1、鼻咽癌細胞NPC-076種入3.5公分培養皿(1 × 10
5cells/dish)並處理副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653熱殺死全菌液(1 × 10
9cells/ml),另外以加入等量二次水做為對照組,接著分別在72小時後使用trypsin/EDTA溶液使細胞從3.5公分培養皿中脫落,並以700g離心力進行離心6分鐘收集細胞,去掉上清液後將收集到的細胞用70% EtOH/PBS固定後放在4℃冰箱隔夜(>16小時),隔天以700 g離心收集細胞後去除上清液,並用0.5 ml之PBS清洗細胞,將固定後的細胞加入300 µl之PI/RNase staining buffer(BD Pharmingen™, BD Biosciences),在室溫下避光反應30分鐘,接著使用流式細胞儀(BD FACSCalibur™, BD Biosciences)進行PI螢光訊號擷取,流式細胞儀的數據則以Flow Jo軟體進行分析。
[西方墨點法]
收取鼻咽癌細胞NPC-BM1、鼻咽癌細胞NPC-076並加入細胞裂解液(NETN buffer,包含100 mM的NaCl、20 mM的Tris-Cl(pH 8.0)、0.5 mM的EDTA、0.5%(v/v)的Nonidet P-40(NP-40))來打破細胞,以得到蛋白液,再以BCA(bicinchoninic acid)定量法測定蛋白濃度,每個樣品取30 μg的蛋白量,進行SDS-PAGE電泳分離,並轉漬於PVDF膜上,以5%脫脂牛奶進行blocking 1.5小時,再以特異性一級抗體於4℃培養過夜,隔日以含過氧化酶之特異性二級抗體於室溫培養1小時,經過適當清洗後,加入冷光顯影劑反應,以冷光照相儀擷取冷光訊號,再進行分析。西方點墨法所用的一級抗體資訊如表一所示。
[表1]
一級抗體名稱 | 目錄編號 | 分子量 |
p-Rb (ser807/811) | 9308-Rabbit | 110 kDa, 1:1000 |
CDK1 | GTX108120-Mouse | 34 kDa, 1:1000 |
CDK2 | SC-6248-Mouse | 34 kDa, 1:1000 |
CDK4 | SC-23896-Mouse | 34 kDa, 1:1000 |
CDK6 | SC-7961-Mouse | 34 kDa, 1:1000 |
Cyclin A2 | GTX103042-Rabbit | 50 kDa, 1:1000 |
Cyclin B1 | GTX100911-Rabbit | 45 kDa, 1:1000 |
Cyclin D1 | IR111-294-Rabbit | 34 kDa, 1:1000 |
β-actin | Sigma A5441-Mouse | 42 kDa, 1:1000 |
ATM | ab78-Mouse | 350 kDa, 1:1000 |
p-ATM (ser1981) | ab36810-Mouse | 350 kDa, 1:1000 |
mTOR | 66888-1-Ig-Mouse | 289 kDa, 1:1000 |
p-mTOR (ser2448) | SC-293132-Mouse | 220 kDa, 1:1000 |
AKT | GTX121937-Rabbit | 57 kDa, 1:1000 |
p-AKT (ser473) | SC-135651-Rabbit | 56 kDa, 1:1000 |
γ-H2AX (ser139) | GTX127340-Rabbit | 17 kDa, 1:1000 |
γ-H2AX | GTX127340-Rabbit | 15kDa, 1:1000 |
Caspase-1 | GTX111630-Rabbit | 45 kDa, 1:1000 |
GSDMD | Ab155233-Rabbit | 53 kDa, 1:1000 |
GAPDH | GTX100118-Rabbit | 35.8 kDa, 1:1000 |
PTCH1 | 8358T kit #2468-Rabbit | 240 kDa, 1:1000 |
PTCH2 | 8358T kit #2470-Rabbit | 130 kDa, 1:1000 |
SUFU | 8358T kit #2520-Rabbit | 54 kDa, 1:1000 |
GLI1 | 8358T kit #3538-Rabbit | 160 kDa, 1:1000 |
Shh | 8358T kit #2207-Rabbit | 19 kDa, 1:1000 |
[粒線體膜電位的測量方式]
將人類鼻咽癌細胞NPC-BM1、鼻咽癌細胞NPC-076處理副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653熱殺死全菌液(1 × 10
9cells/ml)並加入Cisplatin(5 μM)當陽性對照,培養48小時,再使用JC-1染劑(Cat. No. 551302, BD Pharmingen™)進行染色,並用流式細胞儀分析其粒線體膜電位變化,以分析副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653熱殺死全菌液對粒線體膜電位的影響。
[活性含氧物(ROS)的定量方式]
將副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653的熱殺死全菌液HK-653加於鼻咽癌細胞NPC-BM1、鼻咽癌細胞NPC-076,種在6 cm培養皿培養24小時後,用trypsin打下並收集細胞並分成1.5 × 10
5cells/ml/管至5 ml離心管中,離心500G、5分鐘,加入10 μM之DCFDA染劑(Cat. No. 601520, Cayman Chemical)進行染色,於37度C中放置30分鐘,加入副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653的熱殺死全菌液(1 × 10
9cells/ml),另以H
2O
2(350 µM)當陽性對照組,再放回37度C中反應30分鐘,以400g離心5分鐘後,將細胞重新分散在300 μl的PBS中,最後利用流式細胞儀(BD FACSCalibur™, BD Biosciences)進行單細胞螢光訊號擷取,並以FlowJo軟體進行螢光定量分析,以分析副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653的熱殺死全菌液是否使細胞產生ROS。
[鼻咽癌的癌幹細胞活性的測量方式]
將人類鼻咽癌細胞NPC-BM1、鼻咽癌細胞NPC-076培養在超低細胞貼附表面處理培養皿中(Cat. No. 657185, Greiner Bio-One GmbH, Austria),以無胎牛血清之DMEM/F12培養基,並含以下成分:20 ng/ml的表皮生長因子(epidermal growth factor, EGF, Cat. No. AF-100-15, PeproTech, Inc.)、20 ng/ml的鹼性纖維母細胞生長因子(basic fibroblast growth factor, bFGF, Cat. No. 100-18B, PeproTech, Inc.)、0.5X的B27補充物(B27 supplement, Cat. No. 17504044, Gibco
TM, Thermo Fisher Scientific)、1 μM的氫皮質酮(hydrocortisone, Cat. No. H0888, Sigma-Aldrich)、5 μg/ml的胰島素(insulin, Cat. No. I3536, Sigma-Aldrich)、4 μg/ml的肝素(Heparin, Cat. No. H3149, Sigma-Aldrich)進行癌症球體培養,以分析鼻咽癌細胞NPC-BM1、鼻咽癌細胞NPC-076中的癌幹細胞活性,於培養基中加入副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653的熱殺死全菌液(1 × 10
8或1 × 10
9cells/ml)共同培養10-12天後,以倒立式顯微鏡觀察並計算鼻咽癌細胞NPC-BM1、鼻咽癌細胞NPC-076之癌症球體的數目並拍照紀錄,以分析副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653的熱殺死全菌液對鼻咽癌細胞其自我更新能力影響。
[統計分析]
數據以平均值±標準誤差(Mean±SD)表示。兩組差異以Student's
t-test分析,多組間差異以單因子變異數分析(One-way analysis of variance,One-way ANOVA)來統計分析是否有顯著性差異。統計結果p值<0.05視為有意義的差異。
[實施例1]
請參考圖1,為本發明之一實施例的以細胞存活率檢定法(MTT)分析副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653之熱殺死全菌液(HK-653)對鼻咽癌細胞之細胞生長的影響,圖1的A為鼻咽癌細胞NPC-BM1,圖1的B為鼻咽癌細胞NPC-076,以不同濃度的副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653的熱殺死全菌液(1 × 10
8、5 × 10
8或1 × 10
9cells/ml,以無菌二次水稀釋配置)分別處理上述兩種鼻咽癌細胞96小時後,加入MTT放置2小時,測其在單波長570 nm下的OD值以觀察細胞存活,結果以對照組(熱殺死全菌液的濃度為0)為參照,換算其他處理組別的相對比例,統計分析皆與對照組相比,其中*表示p<0.05、**表示p<0.01、***表示p<0.001;從結果可知,隨著副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653的熱殺死全菌液處理濃度增加,可抑制鼻咽癌細胞生長。
[實施例2]
請參考圖2,為本發明之一實施例的以群落分析法(clonogenic assay)分析副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653之熱殺死全菌液(HK-653)對鼻咽癌細胞增生的影響,圖2的A為鼻咽癌細胞於培養盤生長的外觀,圖2的B與圖2的C分別為對圖2的A中鼻咽癌細胞NPC-BM1、鼻咽癌細胞NPC-076進行定量的結果,利用群落分析法,取少量的上述兩種鼻咽癌細胞種植於12孔培養盤中(100 cells/well),並分別處理上述兩種副乾酪乳桿菌的熱殺死全菌液,觀察8天後細胞生長成群落的狀況,圖中的ctrl表示二次水對照組(100 μl/well),HK-653表示副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653的熱殺死全菌液,其濃度為1 × 10
9cells/ml,HK-BCRC 910520表示寄存編號為BCRC 910520的副乾酪乳桿菌的熱殺死全菌液,其濃度為1 × 10
9cells/ml,統計分析皆與對照組(ctrl)相比,其中**表示p<0.01,***表示p<0.001;從結果可知,副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653對於鼻咽癌細胞的長期增生具有顯著抑制效果,其抑制能力明顯優於同菌種之寄存編號為BCRC 910520的副乾酪乳桿菌菌株。
[實施例3]
為了解副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653是以何種機制造成鼻咽癌細胞生長受到抑制,假設副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653可能是藉由誘導細胞死亡或影響細胞週期的進行而抑制鼻咽癌細胞生長,因此以碘化丙錠(Propidium iodide, PI)染色法分析副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653對鼻咽癌細胞之細胞週期的影響;請參考圖3,為本發明之一實施例的副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653之熱殺死全菌液(HK-653)對鼻咽癌細胞的細胞週期的影響,圖3的A為鼻咽癌細胞NPC-BM1,圖3的B為鼻咽癌細胞NPC-076,以副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653之熱殺死全菌液(HK-653)處理上述兩種鼻咽癌細胞48小時後,以PI染劑進行染色,並以流式細胞儀收取螢光訊號,再以FlowJo軟體進行分析;從結果可知,經副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653處理48小時之鼻咽癌細胞NPC-BM1,其G1期(自36%下降至23.6%)與G2/M期(自19.8%下降至11.7%)細胞比例下降,且sub-G1細胞些微增多(2.54%上升至6.8%),S期亦有停滯(42.4%上升至46.4%);同樣地,經副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653處理48小時之鼻咽癌細胞NPC-076,其sub-G1細胞比例明顯增加(自2.07%上升至18.9%),S期細胞也有些微增多(32.1%上升至38.3%)。
[實施例4]
請參考圖4,為本發明之一實施例的副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653之熱殺死全菌液(HK-653)對鼻咽癌細胞的細胞週期相關蛋白表現的影響,以副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653之熱殺死全菌液(1 × 10
9cells/ml)處理鼻咽癌細胞48小時後,收取細胞總蛋白,以西方墨點法分析蛋白表現,並以β-actin作為各組注入之細胞總蛋白對照;從結果可知,經由副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653的熱殺死全菌液的處理下,鼻咽癌細胞的細胞週期相關蛋白表現量(p-RBser
807/811、Cyclin A2、Cyclin B1、Cyclin D1、CDK1、CDK2、CDK4、CDK6)皆受到抑制,換句話說,副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653誘導鼻咽癌細胞之細胞週期分布改變而使細胞增生速度下降。
綜上所述,副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653可以經由使鼻咽癌細胞之細胞週期停滯,抑制鼻咽癌細胞生長或降低鼻咽癌腫瘤生成的機率。
[實施例5]
由於在鼻咽癌細胞中觀察到細胞週期sub-G1比例的增加,為分析細胞凋亡(apoptosis)是否為副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653的熱殺死全菌液抑制鼻咽癌細胞增生的可能機制,在進行副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653的熱殺死全菌液(1 × 10
9cells/ml)處理上述兩種鼻咽癌細胞時,合併處理廣泛型凋亡蛋白酶抑制劑z-VAD-FMK(10 μm、20 μm),經培養72小時後,以MTT法分析細胞增生情形;請參考圖5,為本發明之一實施例的副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653之熱殺死全菌液(HK-653)對鼻咽癌細胞的細胞凋亡的影響,圖5的A為鼻咽癌細胞NPC-BM1,圖5的B為鼻咽癌細胞NPC-076,結果以對照組(未加HK-653及z-VAD-FMK)為參照,換算其他處理組別的相對比例,其中**表示p<0.01,***表示p<0.001,ns表示無顯著差異;從結果可知,即使有z-VAD-FMK細胞凋亡抑制劑的存在下,副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653的熱殺死全菌液對兩種鼻咽癌細胞仍具有顯著的增生抑制作用,換句話說,副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653的熱殺死全菌液並不是透過引發細胞凋亡之機制來抑制鼻咽癌細胞的生長。
綜上所述,與傳統益生菌抑制癌細胞生長的機制不同,本發明的副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653不是經由引發細胞凋亡之機制來抑制鼻咽癌細胞生長或降低鼻咽癌腫瘤生成的機率。
[實施例6]
由於從圖3的結果得知,副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653會造成鼻咽癌細胞之細胞週期sub-G1的增加,而導致sub-G1增加的其中一個原因可能是粒線體膜電位的下降所導致,進而造成細胞死亡。因此利用粒線體膜電位指示染劑JC-1進行細胞染色,並以Cisplatin(5 µM)當作陽性對照組,確認粒線體膜電位下降的情況;請參考圖6,為本發明之一實施例的副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653之熱殺死全菌液(HK-653)對鼻咽癌細胞內粒線體膜電位的影響,細胞經處理48小時後,以JC-1染劑染色,再以流式細胞儀擷取紅色螢光(表示具完整粒線體膜電位的細胞)及綠色螢光(代表粒線體膜電位下降的細胞)訊號,並以WinMDI軟體分析,圖中Ctrl表示二次水對照組,HK-653表示副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653之熱殺死全菌液,其濃度為1 × 10
9cells/ml,Cisplatin表示陽性對照組,其濃度為5 µM;從結果可知,副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653確實可造成兩種鼻咽癌細胞之粒線體膜電位下降。
[實施例7]
粒線體膜電位下降的其中一個原因可能是細胞內ROS的產生所造成,進而造成細胞增生的抑制,因此利用廣泛性ROS清除劑N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC)探討ROS在副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653的熱殺死全菌液對鼻咽癌細胞增生抑制活性的可能角色;請參考圖7,為本發明之一實施例的活性含氧物(ROS)抑制劑與副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653之熱殺死全菌液(HK-653)對鼻咽癌細胞增生的影響,圖7的A為鼻咽癌細胞NPC-BM1,圖7的B為鼻咽癌細胞NPC-076,上述兩種鼻咽癌細胞經HK-653(1 × 10
9cells/ml)及/或NAC(0.1 mM、0.2 mM、1.0 mM)處理72小時後,以MTT法量測細胞增生情形,結果以不處理HK-653與NAC作為對照組,換算其他處理組別的相對比例,其中***表示p<0.001;當以NAC合併副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653熱殺死全菌液處理上述兩種鼻咽癌細胞時,發現副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653的熱殺死全菌液對於鼻咽癌細胞的生長抑制作用顯著失去效果,可知副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653的熱殺死全菌液是藉由使鼻咽癌細胞內ROS的累積,進而抑制細胞生長。
[實施例8]
為了更加確認副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653的熱殺死全菌液的處理可使上述兩種鼻咽癌細胞內累積ROS,使用DCFDA染劑量測細胞內ROS含量;請參考圖8,為本發明之一實施例的副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653之熱殺死全菌液(HK-653)對鼻咽癌細胞內活性含氧物(ROS)的累積的影響,圖8的A為鼻咽癌細胞NPC-BM1,圖8的B為鼻咽癌細胞NPC-076,上述兩種鼻咽癌細胞經DCFDA標定後,加入下述各處理物於37度C處理30分鐘後,以流式細胞儀擷取螢光訊號,並以FlowJo軟體做定量分析,其中Non-stain表示鼻咽癌細胞未標定DCFDA,即為細胞自體螢光背景值,ctrl表示細胞標定DCFDA但未加入處理物,HK-653表示加入副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653的熱殺死全菌液(1 × 10
9cells/ml)進行處理,H
2O
2表示加入H
2O
2(濃度為350 μM)進行處理,GMean表示幾何平均值(geometric mean);從流式細胞儀分析DCFDA螢光含量結果可知,處理副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653的熱殺死全菌液可以使鼻咽癌細胞內的ROS生成量明顯增加。
[實施例9]
由於ROS可誘導DNA損傷,因此進一步分析DNA損傷相關蛋白在副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653的熱殺死全菌液處理下的表現量;請參考圖9,為本發明之一實施例的副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653之熱殺死全菌液(HK-653)對鼻咽癌細胞內DNA損傷及DNA修復路徑相關蛋白的影響,鼻咽癌細胞經處理48小時後,以西方墨點法分析上述各相關蛋白的表現量,並以β-actin作為各組注入之細胞總蛋白對照;從結果可知,誘導DNA斷裂路徑的蛋白γH2AX
ser139磷酸化在副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653的熱殺死全菌液處理下顯著增加,但DNA修補路徑蛋白ATM及p-ATM
ser1981的磷酸化表現則下降,表示鼻咽癌細胞內DNA損傷的路徑受到活化,而DNA修復的路徑受到抑制;此外,與細胞增生相關的Akt/mTOR路徑活化情形亦受到抑制。
[實施例10]
細胞焦亡 (pyrotosis)為一種由發炎體 (inflammasome)活化Caspase-1所誘發的程序性細胞死亡方式,細胞膜形成孔洞,細胞逐漸膨脹至細胞膜破裂,造成細胞的內容物釋放到細胞外間隙,激活強烈的炎症反應。細胞焦亡為生物體的一種天然免疫反應,除在先天免疫細胞中發生,也在腫瘤中被發現,成為對抗腫瘤新策略。細胞焦亡的特徵除包含上述細胞內ROS的累積以及DNA損傷外,細胞焦亡相關蛋白Caspase-1與gasdermin D (GSDMD)表現量也進一步以西方墨點法分析;請參考圖10,為本發明之一實施例的副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653之熱殺死全菌液(HK-653)對鼻咽癌細胞內細胞焦亡相關蛋白的影響,並以β-actin作為各組注入之細胞總蛋白對照;從結果可知,在副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653的熱殺死全菌液處理下,除了與DNA損傷有關的蛋白γH2AX表現量增加外,細胞焦亡的關鍵分子Caspase-1及與細胞腫脹裂解有關的膜成孔蛋白GSDMD表現量也明顯上升,表示鼻咽癌細胞的細胞焦亡路徑被活化。
綜上所述,由於激活細胞焦亡的特徵包含細胞內ROS的累積、DNA損傷以及Caspase-1與GSDMD的活化,得知副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653可以經由激活鼻咽癌細胞之細胞焦亡,抑制鼻咽癌細胞生長或降低鼻咽癌腫瘤生成的機率。
[實施例11]
癌症幹細胞具有高度致癌力、抗藥性、以及轉移能力,被認為是癌細胞中亟需標靶的細胞群,而癌症球體是一種有效評估癌幹細胞活性的方法;請參考圖11,為本發明之一實施例的副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653之熱殺死全菌液(HK-653)對鼻咽癌細胞的癌幹細胞活性的影響,圖11的A為鼻咽癌細胞形成癌症球體的外觀,圖11的B為對圖11的A中鼻咽癌細胞NPC-BM1、鼻咽癌細胞NPC-076形成癌症球體的狀態進行定量的結果,以癌症球體培養法分析上述兩種鼻咽癌細胞中癌幹細胞活性,並處理副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653的熱殺死全菌液,圖中ctrl表示二次水對照組(20 μl/well),HK-653表示以副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653之熱殺死全菌液(1 × 10
8cells/ml、1 × 10
9cells/ml)進行處理,結果以ctrl組為參照,換算其他處理組別的相對比例,統計分析比較對象皆為對照組結果,圖片放大倍率為100倍,其中***表示p<0.001;從結果可知,鼻咽癌細胞NPC-BM1及鼻咽癌細胞NPC-076細胞形成癌症球體的能力受到濃度依賴性的抑制,顯示副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653具有抑制鼻咽癌細胞內癌幹細胞自我更新的能力。
[實施例12]
癌幹細胞的自我更新可能跟Hedgehog路徑的活化有關,而Sonic hedgehog (Shh)蛋白與其受體Patched(Ptch1)結合後則啟動訊息,使細胞內Smo蛋白活化,再使GLI蛋白進入細胞核,活化下游基因,Shh的過表達可能造成腫瘤的形成及轉移,過去研究也發現抑制Shh訊號將導致鼻咽癌幹細胞自我更新活性下降,因此以副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653的熱殺死全菌液處理鼻咽癌細胞NPC-BM1或鼻咽癌細胞NPC-076,並以西方墨點法分析SHH途徑的相關蛋白(PTCH1、PTCH2、SUFU、GLI1、Shh),並以β-actin作為各組注入之細胞總蛋白對照;請參考圖12,為本發明之一實施例的副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653之熱殺死全菌液(HK-653)對鼻咽癌細胞的癌幹細胞自我更新途徑(SHH途徑)相關蛋白的影響,上述兩種鼻咽癌細胞經處理48小時後,以西方墨點法分析上述各蛋白的表現量;從結果可知,癌幹細胞自我更新途徑相關蛋白的表現量受到抑制,換句話說,副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653的熱殺死全菌液可透過抑制SHH路徑來抑制鼻咽癌的癌幹細胞自我更新的能力,降低腫瘤生成的機率。
綜上所述,副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653藉由抑制鼻咽癌的癌幹細胞自我更新的能力,抑制鼻咽癌細胞生長或降低鼻咽癌腫瘤生成的機率。
[實施例13]
為了分析副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653的熱殺死全菌液中,抑制鼻咽癌細胞生長的可能活性物質,因此將副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653的熱殺死全菌液以12000g高速離心10分鐘,分成熱殺菌上清液(HK-653-s)與熱殺菌菌體(HK-653-p),再進一步分析其抑制鼻咽癌細胞生長的效果;請參考圖13,為本發明之一實施例的副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653之熱殺死全菌液(HK-653)、熱殺菌上清液(HK-653-s)、熱殺菌菌體(HK-653-p)對鼻咽癌細胞生長的影響,圖13的A為鼻咽癌細胞NPC-BM1,圖13的B為鼻咽癌細胞NPC-076,上述兩種鼻腔癌細胞經上述各處理物進行處理96小時後,以MTT法量測細胞增生情形,以二次水(為總體積的10%)作為對照組,HK-653表示副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653的熱殺死全菌液(1 × 10
9cells/ml),HK-653-p表示副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653的熱殺死全菌液經離心後回溶在無菌水之熱殺菌菌體(1 × 10
9cells/ml),HK-653-s表示副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653的熱殺死全菌液去除菌體後的熱殺菌上清液(10倍稀釋),結果以上述二次水(不添加上述各處理物)為參照,換算其他處理組別的相對比例,統計分析比較對象皆為對照組結果,其中***表示p<0.001;從結果可知,不論熱殺菌上清液(HK-653-s)在10倍稀釋的濃度下(相當於全菌液給予1 × 10
9cells/ml的濃度)或熱殺菌菌體(HK-653-p)在1 × 10
9cells/ml濃度下,皆能抑制上述兩種鼻咽癌細胞之細胞的增生;請參考圖14,為本發明之一實施例的副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653之熱殺死全菌液(HK-653)、熱殺菌上清液(HK-653-s)、熱殺菌菌體(HK-653-p)對鼻咽癌細胞的細胞週期相關蛋白的影響,上述兩種鼻腔癌細胞經處理48小時後,以西方墨點法分析上述各相關蛋白的表現量,並以β-actin作為各組注入之細胞總蛋白對照;從結果可知,不論熱殺菌上清液(HK-653-s)在10倍稀釋的濃度下(相當於全菌液給予1 × 10
9cells/ml的濃度)或熱殺菌菌體(HK-653-p)在1 × 10
9cells/ml濃度下,都能抑制細胞週期相關蛋白(p-RB
ser807/811、CDK2、CDK6、Cyclin A2、Cyclin B1、Cyclin D1)的表現。
[實施例14]
進一步將熱殺菌上清液(HK-653-s)以3kDa分子量Amicon濾膜管區分成大於3kDa或小於3kDa的不同成分,再以相同稀釋倍數用以處理鼻咽癌細胞;請參考圖15,為本發明之一實施例的副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653的熱殺菌上清液中,含有分子量大於3kDa之分子的部分(sup>3K)、含有分子量小於3kDa之分子的部分(sup<3K)對鼻咽癌細胞生長的影響,圖15的A為鼻咽癌細胞NPC-BM1,圖15的B為鼻咽癌細胞NPC-076,上述兩種鼻咽癌細胞經處理72小時後,以MTT法量測細胞增生情形,圖中ctrl表示二次水對照組(為總體積的10 %),HK-653表示副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653的熱殺死全菌液(1 × 10
9cells/ml),Sup表示副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653的熱殺死全菌液去除菌體後之熱殺菌上清液(為總體積的10 %),Sup>3K表示上述熱殺菌上清液中,含有分子量大於3kDa之分子的部分(為總體積的10 %),Sup<3K表示上述熱殺菌上清液中,含有分子量小於3kDa之分子的部分(為總體積的10 %),結果以ctrl組為參照,換算其他處理組別的相對比例,統計分析比較對象皆為對照組結果,其中*表示p<0.05,**表示p<0.01,***表示p<0.001,ns表示無顯著差異;從結果可知,只有在含有大於3kDa分子量之分子的部分的熱殺菌上清液中才具有抑制細胞生長的能力,含有小於3kDa分子量之分子的部分的熱殺菌上清液成分則不影響細胞生長。
[實施例15]
進一步利用純化的之細胞壁成分LTA或PGN,用以處理上述兩種鼻咽癌細胞;請參考圖16,為本發明之一實施例的副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653之熱殺菌菌體中,其脂壁酸、肽聚醣對鼻咽癌細胞生長的影響,圖16的A為鼻咽癌細胞NPC-BM1,圖16的B為鼻咽癌細胞NPC-076,上述兩中鼻咽癌細胞經處理72小時後,以MTT法量測細胞增生情形,圖中ctrl表示二次水處理對照組,HK表示副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653的熱殺死全菌液(1 × 10
9cells/ml),Pellet表示副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653的熱殺死全菌液經離心後回溶在無菌水之熱殺菌菌體(1 × 10
9cells/ml),LTA表示脂壁酸,劑量濃度分別為10 μg/ml、20 μg/ml、50 μg/ml,PGN表示肽聚醣,劑量濃度分別為10 μg/ml、20 μg/ml、50 μg/ml,結果以ctrl組為參照,換算其他處理組別的相對比例,統計分析比較對象皆為對照組結果,其中**表示p<0.01,***表示p<0.001,ns表示無顯著差異;從結果可知,副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653的熱殺死全菌液經離心後的熱殺菌菌體仍有抑制鼻咽癌細胞增生的效果,PGN與LTA隨著處理濃度越高,其抑制鼻咽癌細胞增生的效果越明顯,且PGN對鼻咽癌細胞的生長抑制效果較LTA為佳,因此可推測副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653之PGN與LTA具有抑制鼻咽癌細胞增生的顯著活性。
綜上所述,副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653對於抑制鼻咽癌的有效成分至少包含熱殺菌上清液中之含有大於3千道爾頓(kDa)之分子的部分、熱殺菌菌體,且其中的副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653的脂壁酸、肽聚醣已確認為抑制鼻咽癌的有效成分,並且,副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653的肽聚醣對於鼻咽癌的抑制效果最為明顯。
從上述實施例可知,本發明將具有經由細胞焦亡、或細胞週期停滯而抑制鼻咽癌之抗鼻咽癌功效的副乾酪乳桿菌或其熱殺死全菌液作為有效成分,藉由使鼻咽癌細胞內的活性含氧物生成量增加、並於鼻咽癌細胞內累積活性含氧物,或藉由抑制鼻咽癌的癌幹細胞自我更新的能力,可在不透過引發細胞凋亡之機制的情況下,抑制鼻咽癌細胞生長或降低鼻咽癌腫瘤生成的機率。
以上所述之實施例僅係為說明本發明之技術思想及特點,其目的使熟習此項技藝人士能夠瞭解本發明之內容並據以實施,當不能以之限定本發明之專利範圍,即凡大依本發明所揭示之精神所作之均等變化或修飾,仍應涵蓋在本發明之專利範圍內。
無。
圖1顯示出本發明之一實施例的以細胞存活率檢定法(MTT)分析副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653之熱殺死全菌液(HK-653)對鼻咽癌細胞生長的影響,圖1的A為鼻咽癌細胞NPC-BM1,圖1的B為鼻咽癌細胞NPC-076。
圖2顯示出本發明之一實施例的以群落分析法(clonogenic assay)分析副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653之熱殺死全菌液(HK-653)對鼻咽癌細胞增生的影響,圖2的A為鼻咽癌細胞於培養盤生長的外觀,圖2的B與圖2的C分別為對圖2的A中鼻咽癌細胞NPC-BM1、鼻咽癌細胞NPC-076進行定量的結果。
圖3顯示出本發明之一實施例的副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653之熱殺死全菌液(HK-653)對鼻咽癌細胞的細胞週期的影響,圖3的A為鼻咽癌細胞NPC-BM1,圖3的B為鼻咽癌細胞NPC-076。
圖4顯示出本發明之一實施例的副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653之熱殺死全菌液(HK-653)對鼻咽癌細胞的細胞週期相關蛋白表現的影響。
圖5顯示出本發明之一實施例的副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653之熱殺死全菌液(HK-653)對鼻咽癌細胞的細胞凋亡的影響,圖5的A為鼻咽癌細胞NPC-BM1,圖5的B為鼻咽癌細胞NPC-076。
圖6顯示出本發明之一實施例的副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653之熱殺死全菌液(HK-653)對鼻咽癌細胞內粒線體膜電位的影響。
圖7顯示出本發明之一實施例的活性含氧物(ROS)抑制劑與副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653之熱殺死全菌液(HK-653)對鼻咽癌細胞增生的影響,圖7的A為鼻咽癌細胞NPC-BM1,圖7的B為鼻咽癌細胞NPC-076。
圖8顯示出本發明之一實施例的副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653之熱殺死全菌液(HK-653)對鼻咽癌細胞內活性含氧物(ROS)的累積的影響,圖8的A為鼻咽癌細胞NPC-BM1,圖8的B為鼻咽癌細胞NPC-076。
圖9顯示出本發明之一實施例的副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653之熱殺死全菌液(HK-653)對鼻咽癌細胞內DNA損傷及DNA修復路徑相關蛋白的影響。
圖10顯示出本發明之一實施例的副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653之熱殺死全菌液(HK-653)對鼻咽癌細胞內細胞焦亡相關蛋白的影響。
圖11顯示出本發明之一實施例的副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653之熱殺死全菌液(HK-653)對鼻咽癌細胞的癌幹細胞活性的影響,圖11的A為鼻咽癌細胞形成癌症球體的外觀,圖11的B為對圖11的A中鼻咽癌細胞NPC-BM1、鼻咽癌細胞NPC-076形成癌症球體的狀態進行定量的結果。
圖12顯示出本發明之一實施例的副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653之熱殺死全菌液(HK-653)對鼻咽癌細胞的癌幹細胞自我更新途徑(SHH途徑)相關蛋白的影響。
圖13顯示出本發明之一實施例的副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653之熱殺死全菌液(HK-653)、上清液(HK-653-s)、菌體(HK-653-p)對鼻咽癌細胞生長的影響,圖13的A為鼻咽癌細胞NPC-BM1,圖13的B為鼻咽癌細胞NPC-076。
圖14顯示出本發明之一實施例的副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653之熱殺死全菌液(HK-653)、上清液(HK-653-s)、菌體(HK-653-p)對鼻咽癌細胞的細胞週期相關蛋白的影響。
圖15顯示出本發明之一實施例的副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653的熱殺菌上清液中,含有分子量大於3kDa之分子的部分(sup>3K)、含有分子量小於3kDa之分子的部分(sup<3K)對鼻咽癌細胞生長的影響,圖15的A為鼻咽癌細胞NPC-BM1,圖15的B為鼻咽癌細胞NPC-076。
圖16顯示出本發明之一實施例的副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653之熱殺菌菌體中,其熱殺菌菌體的脂壁酸、熱殺菌菌體的肽聚醣對鼻咽癌細胞生長的影響,圖16的A為鼻咽癌細胞NPC-BM1,圖16的B為鼻咽癌細胞NPC-076。
國內寄存資訊
新竹食品工業發展研究所生物資源保存及研究中心、寄存日期為2016年2月26日、寄存編號為BCRC 910721。
國外寄存資訊
中國、中國典型培養物保藏中心、寄存日期為2016年4月25日、寄存編號為CCTCC M 2016226。
無。
Claims (15)
- 一種組合物,其包含副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653或其熱殺死全菌液作為有效成分,所述有效成分經由細胞焦亡、或細胞週期停滯而抑制鼻咽癌細胞生長或降低鼻咽癌腫瘤生成的機率,其中所述有效成分包含所述副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653或其熱殺死全菌液中的肽聚醣及脂壁酸,所述副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653的寄存編號為BCRC 910721或CCTCC M 2016226。
- 如請求項1所述的組合物,其中所述有效成分不是經由引發細胞凋亡之機制來抑制鼻咽癌細胞生長或降低鼻咽癌腫瘤生成的機率。
- 如請求項1所述的組合物,其中所述有效成分包含所述副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653的熱殺菌上清液中,依分子量大小分離所得之含有大於3千道爾頓(kDa)之分子的部分。
- 如請求項1所述的組合物,其中所述組合物為醫藥組合物、營養補充品或保健食品。
- 如請求項4所述的組合物,其中所述組合物可進一步包含藥學上可接受之載劑。
- 如請求項4所述的組合物,其中所述組合物係溶液、懸浮液、乳劑、粉末、錠劑、丸劑、糖漿、口含錠、片劑、口嚼膠、濃漿或膠囊。
- 如請求項4所述的組合物,其中所述組合物可進一步包含一可食性材料,所述可食性材料包含水、流體乳品、牛奶、濃縮牛奶、優酪乳、酸乳、冷凍優格、乳桿菌發酵飲料、奶粉、冰淇淋、乳酪、乾酪、豆奶、發酵豆奶、蔬果汁、果汁、運動飲料、甜點、果凍、糖果、嬰兒食品、健康食品、動物飼料、中草藥材或膳食補充品。
- 一種副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653用於製備預防或治療鼻咽癌之醫藥組合物的用途,所述醫藥組合物包含副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653或其熱殺死全菌液作為有效成分,所述有效成分經由細胞焦亡、或細胞週期停滯而抑制鼻咽癌細胞生長或降低鼻咽癌腫瘤生成的機率,所述副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653的寄存編號為BCRC 910721或CCTCC M 2016226。
- 如請求項8所述的用途,其中所述有效成分不是經由引發細胞凋亡之機制來抑制鼻咽癌細胞生長或降低鼻咽癌腫瘤生成的機率。
- 如請求項8所述的用途,其中所述有效成分包含所述副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653或其熱殺死全菌液中的肽聚醣及脂壁酸。
- 如請求項8所述的用途,其中所述有效成分包含所述副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653的熱殺菌上清液中,依分子量大小分離所得之含有大於3千道爾頓(kDa)之分子的部分。
- 如請求項8所述的用途,其中所述有效成分是藉由使鼻咽癌細胞內的活性含氧物生成量增加、並於鼻咽癌細胞內累積活性含氧物,進而抑制鼻咽癌細胞生長。
- 如請求項8所述的用途,其中所述有效成分是藉由抑制鼻咽癌的癌幹細胞自我更新的能力,進而降低鼻咽癌腫瘤生成的機率。
- 如請求項10所述的用途,其中所述副乾酪乳桿菌GMNL-653或其熱殺死全菌液中的肽聚醣及脂壁酸的有效劑量分別為10μg/ml至50μg/ml。
- 如請求項8所述的用途,其中所述醫藥組合物係選自以口服、注射、塗抹、噴劑或貼片中任一方式投予至病患體內。
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