TWI790007B - 含有填料之膜、含有填料之膜之製造方法、膜貼合體、連接構造體及連接構造體之製造方法 - Google Patents
含有填料之膜、含有填料之膜之製造方法、膜貼合體、連接構造體及連接構造體之製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本發明之各向異性導電膜等含有填料之膜10A具備樹脂層2及填料分散層3,上述填料分散層3具有:第1填料層,其由以單層分散於樹脂層2之填料1A所構成;及第2填料層,其由在與第1填料層不同之深度以單層分散於樹脂層2之填料1B所構成。第1填料層之填料1A自樹脂層2之一表面2a露出、或接近於該表面2a,第2填料層之填料1B自樹脂層2之另一表面2b露出、或接近於該表面2b。
Description
本發明係關於一種各向異性導電膜等含有填料之膜。
填料分散於樹脂層之含有填料之膜正被用於消光膜、電容器用膜、光學膜、標記用膜、抗靜電用膜、各向異性導電膜等多種多樣之用途中(專利文獻1、專利文獻2、專利文獻3、專利文獻4)。
作為含有填料之膜之一態樣,例如於IC晶片等電子零件之安裝時廣泛使用各向異性導電膜。就使各向異性導電膜應對高安裝密度之觀點而言,於各向異性導電膜中,正進行於其絕緣性樹脂層中高密度地分散導電粒子。然而,若使導電粒子之個數密度過於提高,則於使用有各向異性導電膜之電子零件彼此之連接構造體中容易產生短路。
針對於此,提出有如下方法:於製造各向異性導電膜時,使用凹版塗佈機等表面具有規則之槽之塗佈輥將包含導電粒子之樹脂液塗佈於絕緣性樹脂層或剝離膜,使導電粒子以單層規則排列於絕緣性樹脂層(專利文獻5)。又,
提出有如下方法:使用轉印模具將以特定之配置分散之導電粒子分別轉印於第1絕緣性樹脂層及第2絕緣性樹脂層,將轉印有導電粒子之第1絕緣性樹脂層與第2絕緣性樹脂層貼合,於各向異性導電膜之不同之深度形成導電粒子規則排列之第1導電粒子層及第2導電粒子層(專利文獻6)。
先前技術文獻
專利文獻
專利文獻1:日本特開2006-15680號公報
專利文獻2:日本特開2015-138904號公報
專利文獻3:日本特開2013-103368號公報
專利文獻4:日本特開2014-183266號公報
專利文獻5:日本特開2016-31888號公報
專利文獻6:日本特開2015-201435號公報
根據專利文獻5記載之各向異性導電膜之製造方法,由於導電粒子規則排列,故而即便提高導電粒子之個數密度,引起短路之容易度亦低於導電粒子無規地配置之情形。然而,由於導電粒子以單層配置於各向異性導電膜之單面,故而對於在提高了個數密度之情形時以不引起短路之方式精確地排列導電粒子而言存在極限。
根據專利文獻6記載之各向異性導電膜之製造方法,由於使導電粒子保持於第1絕緣性樹脂層及第2絕緣性樹脂層之各層,故而可提高各向異性導電膜整體之導電粒子之個數密度,並且抑制短路之產生。然而,若根據此處記載之各向異性導電膜之製造方法,將硬化性樹脂用於第1絕緣性樹脂層及第2絕
緣性樹脂層,藉由其硬化使導電粒子保持於該等樹脂層,並將第1絕緣性樹脂層與第2絕緣性樹脂層貼合,則有各向異性導電膜之表面之黏性降低之虞,於進行將各向異性導電膜貼附於電子零件之暫時貼附、或將各向異性導電膜低溫壓接於電子零件而固定於零件之暫時壓接時作業性降低。
針對於此,本發明之課題在於:於以各向異性導電膜為代表之含有填料之膜中,藉由於不同之深度具有第1填料層及第2填料層,可提高填料之個數密度,提升功能性(例如,應對高密度安裝)。具體而言,課題在於:於將含有填料之膜作為各向異性導電膜構成之情形時,於電子零件彼此之連接構造體中抑制短路之產生,提升連接可靠性,進而為了使各向異性導電膜等含有填料之膜之暫時貼附或暫時壓接中之作業性提升而使膜表面具有黏性。
本發明者發現:於製造藉由於樹脂層之不同深度設置第1填料層及第2填料層而提高填料之個數密度,並且尤其是於製成含有填料之膜之一態樣之各向異性導電膜之情形時抑制了短路產生的含有填料之膜時,若藉由將填料壓入至樹脂層之正背兩面,而使第1填料層自樹脂層之一表面露出或設置於其表面附近並且使第2填料層自樹脂層之另一表面露出或設置於其表面附近,則導電粒子容易被要進行各向異性導電連接之電子零件之端子捕捉,連接可靠性提升,又,亦容易確保膜表面之黏性,從而想到本發明。藉由如此於兩面具備填料,可有助於含有填料之膜之性能之賦予或提升、品質之穩定及成本削減。
即,本發明提供一種含有填料之膜,其具備樹脂層及填料分散層,上述填料分散層具有:第1填料層,其由以單層分散於該樹脂層之填料所構成;及第2填料層,其由在與第1填料層不同之深度以單層分散於該樹脂層之填料所構成;且第1填料層之填料自樹脂層之一表面露出、或接近於該一表面,
第2填料層之填料自樹脂層之另一表面露出、或接近於該另一表面。尤其是作為含有填料之膜之較佳之一態樣,本發明提供一種含有填料之膜,其中,填料為導電粒子,樹脂層為絕緣性樹脂層,且上述含有填料之膜係用作各向異性導電膜。
又,本發明提供一種上述含有填料之膜之製造方法,其係:使填料以特定之分散狀態保持於樹脂層之一表面,並將該填料壓入至樹脂層,亦使其他填料以特定之分散狀態保持於樹脂層之另一表面,並將該填料壓入至樹脂層。
又,本發明提供一種將上述含有填料之膜貼合於物品之膜貼合體、經由上述含有填料之膜將第1物品與第2物品連接之連接構造體、尤其是經由用作各向異性導電膜之含有填料之膜將第1電子零件與第2電子零件各向異性導電連接之連接構造體。進而,本發明提供一種連接構造體之製造方法,其經由上述含有填料之膜將第1物品與第2物品壓接;以及一種連接構造體之製造方法,其將第1物品、第2物品分別設為第1電子零件、第2電子零件,藉由經由用作各向異性導電膜之含有填料之膜將第1電子零件與第2電子零件進行熱壓接合而製造第1電子零件與第2電子零件各向異性導電連接而成之連接構造體。
根據本發明之含有填料之膜之一態樣之各向異性導電膜,由於填料係自樹脂層之正背各表面露出或接近於表面而存在,故而於作為各向異性導電膜構成之情形時,導電粒子容易被要進行各向異性導電連接之電子零件之端子捕捉。因此,連接可靠性提升。
又,與膜整體之填料之個數密度相比,第1填料層之個數密度及第2填料層之個數密度分別較低。因此,即便於膜整體中以高密度存在填料,亦可避免膜表面之黏性由此降低之虞。進而,根據本發明之各向異性導電膜等含有
填料之膜,無需使樹脂層硬化以便將填料固定於樹脂層,因而藉此亦可於膜表面確保黏性。除黏性之改善以外,亦可期待藉由並非僅於含有填料之膜之單面之表面而是於兩面具備填料,而賦予與僅於單面之表面具備填料之情形不同之功能性。
此外,由於與膜整體之填料之個數密度相比,第1填料層之個數密度及第2填料層之個數密度分別降低,故而變得容易精確地控制各個填料層中之填料之配置,即便縮窄各向異性導電膜等含有填料之膜整體之填料之配置間距,亦可將填料精確地配置成特定之配置。因此,與上述捕捉性之提升相結合,亦適合於微間距之連接,例如可用於端子寬度6μm~50μm、端子間間隔6μm~50μm之電子零件之連接。又,只要有效連接端子寬度(於連接時對向之一對端子之寬度之中,於俯視下重疊之部分之寬度)為3μm以上、最短端子間距離為3μm以上,則可不引起短路而連接電子零件。又,作為另一態樣,例如有光學膜,可藉由調整填料於樹脂層中在厚度方向及俯視下未接觸而獨立之個數比例而調整填料之光學性能。對於消光膜等與外觀直接相關者亦可謂相同。由於可於兩面對其進行調整,故而容易有助於性能或品質之提升及成本削減。
1A、1B:填料
1C、1C1、1C2:填料單元
2:樹脂層
2a、2b:樹脂層之表面
2x:凹陷
2y:凹陷
3:填料分散層
4:第2樹脂層
10、10A、10B、10C、10D、10E、10F、10G:實施例之含有填料之膜
10Ap:含有填料之膜之一端
10Aq:含有填料之膜之另一端
20、21:端子
30:第1電子零件
31:第2電子零件
A:填料之排列之格子軸
DA、DB:粒徑
La:樹脂層之層厚
L1、L2:埋入量
L3:第1填料層內之填料間之最接近粒子間距離
L4:第2填料層內之填料間之最接近粒子間距離
Lc:填料之露出部分之直徑
Ld:凹陷(傾斜)之最大直徑
Le:凹陷(傾斜)之最大深度
Lf:凹陷(起伏)之最大深度
θ:端子之長邊方向與導電粒子之排列之格子軸所成之角度
[圖1A]係表示實施例之含有填料之膜(其一態樣之各向異性導電膜)10A之填料(導電粒子)之配置的俯視圖。
[圖1B]係實施例之含有填料之膜10A之剖視圖。
[圖2]係第1填料層之填料與第2填料層之填料之埋入率為大約100%且填料自樹脂層表面露出的含有填料之膜之剖視圖。
[圖3]係第1填料層之填料與第2填料層之填料之埋入率為大約100%且以樹脂層之表面變得平坦之方式使填料埋入至樹脂層的含有填料之膜之剖視圖。
[圖4]係填料之埋入率略微超過100%且於填料之正上方之樹脂層之表面存在凹陷的含有填料之膜之剖視圖。
[圖5A]係表示實施例之含有填料之膜(其一態樣之各向異性導電膜)10B之填料(導電粒子)之配置的俯視圖。
[圖5B]係實施例之含有填料之膜10B之剖視圖。
[圖6]係利用含有填料之膜10A將電子零件進行各向異性導電連接時之剖視圖。
[圖7A]係表示實施例之含有填料之膜(其一態樣之各向異性導電膜)10C之填料(導電粒子)之配置的俯視圖。
[圖7B]係實施例之含有填料之膜10C之剖視圖。
[圖8A]係表示實施例之含有填料之膜(其一態樣之各向異性導電膜)10D之填料(導電粒子)之配置的俯視圖。
[圖8B]係實施例之含有填料之膜10D之剖視圖。
[圖9]係表示各向異性導電連接之前後之填料單元1C之配置的俯視圖。
[圖10]係使用含有填料之膜10D將電子零件各向異性導電連接而成之連接構造體之剖視圖。
[圖11A]係具有第2樹脂層之含有填料之膜(其一態樣之各向異性導電膜)10E之剖視圖。
[圖11B]係具有第2樹脂層之含有填料之膜(其一態樣之各向異性導電膜)10F之剖視圖。
[圖11C]係具有第2樹脂層之含有填料之膜(其一態樣之各向異性導電膜)10G之剖視圖。
[圖12]係具有第2樹脂層之含有填料之膜(其一態樣之各向異性導電膜)10之製造方法之步驟說明圖。
以下,對本發明之含有填料之膜以其一態樣之各向異性導電膜為主,一面參照圖式一面詳細地說明。再者,各圖中,相同符號表示相同或同等之構成要素。
<含有填料之膜之整體構成>
圖1A係對本發明之一實施例之含有填料之膜10A之填料配置進行說明的俯視圖,圖1B係其X-X剖視圖。
含有填料之膜10A由樹脂層2及填料分散層3所構成,上述填料分散層3由第1填料層及第2填料層形成,上述第1填料層由自該樹脂層2之一表面2a於膜厚方向以特定之深度單層分散之填料1A所構成,該第2填料層由以與第1填料層不同之深度單層分散之填料1B所構成。第1填料層之填料1A偏集存在於樹脂層2之一表面2a側,且自該表面2a露出,第2填料層之填料1B偏集存在於樹脂層2之另一表面2b側,且自該表面2b露出。再者,圖中將第1填料層之填料1A表示為深色,將第2填料層之填料1B表示為白色。
再者,對於本發明之填料之分散狀態,只要未特別說明,則包括填料1A、1B無規分散之狀態及以規則之配置分散之狀態。
又,本實施例之含有填料之膜10A中,於膜之長邊方向,第1填料層之填料1A之個數密度及第2填料層之填料1B之個數密度之一者逐漸增加,另一者逐漸減少,第1填料層與第2填料層總共之填料1A、1B之個數密度於膜整體中之均一性優異。
<填料>
填料1A、1B可根據含有填料之膜之用途,自公知之無機系填料(金屬、金屬氧化物、金屬氮化物等)、有機系填料(樹脂粒子、橡膠粒子等)、混合存在有
機系材料與無機系材料之填料(例如,中心由樹脂材料形成、表面被金屬鍍覆之粒子(金屬被覆樹脂粒子)、使絕緣性微粒子附著於導電粒子之表面而成者、對導電粒子之表面進行絕緣處理而成者等)中根據硬度、光學性能等用途要求之性能適當選擇。例如,光學膜或消光膜中,可使用二氧化矽填料、氧化鈦填料、苯乙烯填料、丙烯酸填料、三聚氰胺填料或各種鈦酸鹽等。電容器用膜中,可使用氧化鈦、鈦酸鎂、鈦酸鋅、鈦酸鉍、氧化鑭、鈦酸鈣、鈦酸鍶、鈦酸鋇、鈦酸鋯酸鋇、鈦酸鋯酸鉛及該等之混合物等。接著膜中,可含有聚合物系之橡膠粒子、聚矽氧橡膠粒子等。各向異性導電膜中,可含有導電粒子。作為導電粒子,可列舉:鎳、鈷、銀、銅、金、鈀等金屬粒子、焊料等合金粒子、金屬被覆樹脂粒子、表面附著有絕緣性微粒子之金屬被覆樹脂粒子等。亦可將2種以上併用。其中,就於連接之後藉由樹脂粒子回彈而容易維持與端子之接觸、導通性能穩定之方面而言,較佳為金屬被覆樹脂粒子。又,對導電粒子之表面亦可藉由公知之技術實施不對導通特性帶來障礙之絕緣處理。上述按照用途而列舉之填料並不限定於該用途,亦可視需要而含有其他用途之含有填料之膜。又,各用途之含有填料之膜中,可視需要將2種以上填料併用。
填料之形狀可根據含有填料之膜之用途,自球形、橢圓球、柱狀、針狀、該等之組合等中適當選擇而決定。就容易確認填料配置、容易維持均等之狀態之方面而言,較佳為球形。尤其是於將含有填料之膜作為各向異性導電膜構成之情形時,較佳為作為填料之導電粒子為大致真球。藉由使用大致真球作為導電粒子,例如於如日本特開2014-60150號公報記載般使用轉印模具製造排列有導電粒子之各向異性導電膜時,導電粒子會於轉印模具上順利地滾動,因而可將導電粒子高精度填充於轉印模具上之特定之位置。因此,可精確地配置導電粒子。
關於填料1A、1B之粒徑DA、DB,為了應對配線高度之不均,又,為了抑制導通電阻之上升且抑制短路之產生,較佳為1μm以上且30μm以下,更
佳為3μm以上且9μm以下。
第1填料層之填料1A之粒徑與第2填料層之填料1B之粒徑可相同亦可不同。於將含有填料之膜作為各向異性導電膜構成之情形時,就使作為導電粒子之填料1A、1B兩者之各向異性導電連接後之扁平率等壓縮狀態、尤其是於導電粒子為金屬被覆樹脂粒子之情形時該等之壓縮狀態相同而使導通性能穩定之方面而言,較佳為設為相同。又,填料1A與填料1B之材質或硬度(例如,壓縮彈性模數等)可相同亦可不同。
再者,填料1A、1B之粒徑可藉由一般之粒度分佈測量裝置進行測量,又,平均粒徑亦可使用粒度分佈測量裝置而求出。作為測量裝置,可列舉FPIA-3000(Malvern公司)作為一例。膜中之填料直徑可根據利用金屬顯微鏡之觀察或SEM等電子顯微鏡觀察而求出。於此情形時,較理想為將測量填料直徑之樣品數設為200以上。又,於填料之形狀不為球形之情形時,可基於含有填料之膜之平面圖像或剖面圖像將最大長度或模仿成球形之形狀之直徑設為填料之粒徑。
<膜厚方向之填料之位置>
關於填料1A、1B之膜厚方向之位置,圖1B中表示第1填料層之填料1A自樹脂層2之一表面2a露出、第2填料層之填料1B自另一表面2b露出的態樣,但本發明包含如下樣態:第1填料層之填料1A自樹脂層2之一表面2a露出、或填料1A完全埋入於樹脂層2內但位於接近於樹脂層2之表面2a之位置,又,第2填料層之填料1B自樹脂層2之另一表面2b露出、或第2填料層之填料1B完全埋入於樹脂層2內但位於接近於樹脂層2之表面2b之位置。此處,所謂填料1A、1B完全埋入於樹脂層2但位於其表面2a、2b之附近,作為一例,係指填料1A、1B不自樹脂層2露出且後文所述之埋入率為110%以下、較佳為105%以下之情形。若填料1A、1B自樹脂層2之表面2a、2b露出,則填料1A、1B之粒徑可相同亦可不同。於將含有填料
之膜作為各向異性導電膜構成之情形時,於各向異性導電連接時,作為導電粒子之填料1A、1B之捕捉性明顯提升,因而較佳。又,若填料1A、1B埋入於樹脂層2內且接近於其表面2a、2b,則無損填料1A、1B之捕捉性而提升含有填料之膜之黏性,因而較佳。尤其是若填料1A、1B以未達0.1μm接近於樹脂層2之表面2a、2b,則無損黏性而提升填料1A、1B之捕捉性,因而較佳。又,較佳為填料之個數密度為5000個/mm2以上或者面積佔有率2%以上之填料層將填料1A、1B埋入於樹脂層2內且與樹脂層2之表面2a、2b為大致同一平面。藉此,與填料自樹脂層露出之情形時相比,含有填料之膜之黏性不會降低,且與埋入率超過100%而填料完全埋入之情形相比,於將含有填料之膜作為各向異性導電膜構成之情形時,於各向異性導電連接時,作為導電粒子之填料不易受到樹脂流動之影響,捕捉性提升。與此相對,若第1填料層及第2填料層之任一者均不自樹脂層2露出且亦不位於樹脂層2之表面2a、2b之附近,則於將含有填料之膜作為各向異性導電膜構成之情形時,於各向異性導電連接時,作為導電粒子之填料容易受到樹脂流動之影響,擔憂捕捉性之降低。或者,由於填料附近之樹脂排除難以變得均一,故而亦擔憂對填料之壓入造成不良影響。此種情況於除各向異性導電膜以外之含有填料之膜中,亦可謂相同。
第1填料層內鄰接之填料1A彼此之中間部之自樹脂層2之表面2a之切平面至填料1A之最深部的距離(以下,稱為埋入量)L1與填料1A之粒徑DA之比率(L1/DA)即埋入率較佳為30%以上且110%以下,更佳為30%以上且105%以下,進而較佳為超過30%且100%以下,尤佳為60%以上且100%以下。同樣,關於第2填料層之填料1B,鄰接之填料1B彼此之中間部之自樹脂層2之表面2b之切平面至填料1B之最深部的距離(埋入量)L2與填料1B之粒徑DB之比率(L2/DB)即埋入率亦較佳為30%以上且110%以下,更佳為30%以上且105%以下,進而較佳為超過30%且100%以下,尤佳為60%以上且100%以下。藉由將埋
入率(L1/DA)、(L2/DB)設為30%以上,容易藉由樹脂層2以特定之規則配置或特定之排列維持填料1A、1B,又,藉由設為110%以下、較佳為105%以下,於將含有填料之膜作為各向異性導電膜構成之情形時,於各向異性導電連接時,不易因樹脂之流動而引起端子間之作為導電粒子之填料無用地流動。又,於含有填料之膜中,藉由使填料於樹脂層2中之埋入率一致,可期待其特性提升之效果。作為一例,於光學膜之性能依存於填料之情形時,若具有俯視下之分散性(獨立性)且埋入狀態具有一定以上之規則性,則推測與將經單純混練之黏合劑進行塗佈等所獲得者相比,可獲得性能之提升或品質之穩定性。
第1填料層之填料1A之埋入率與第2填料層之填料1B之埋入率可相同亦可不同。
此處,填料直徑DA、DB分別為第1填料層之填料1A、第2填料層之填料1B之填料直徑之平均。
又,於本發明中,埋入率(L1/DA)、(L2/DB)之數值係指各向異性導電膜等含有填料之膜所包含之所有填料(例如導電粒子)數之80%以上、較佳為90%以上、更佳為96%以上成為該埋入率(L1/DA)、(L2/DB)之數值。埋入率(L1/DA)、(L2/DB)可藉由如下方式而求出:自各向異性導電膜等含有填料之膜任意地選取10處面積30mm2以上之區域,對該膜剖面之一部分進行SEM圖像觀察,對合計50個以上之填料進行測量。為了進一步提升精度,亦可對200個以上之填料進行測量而求出。
作為樹脂層2中之填料1A、1B之尤佳之埋入態樣之例,可列舉如下態樣:如圖1B所示,填料1A、1B之雙方之埋入率均為60%以上且100%以下,且填料1A、1B分別自樹脂層2之表面2a、2b露出,且於露出之填料1A、1B之周圍之樹脂層2形成有凹陷2x;或如圖2所示,填料1A、1B之雙方之埋入率均為大約100%,且於樹脂層2之正背,填料1A、1B分別與樹脂層2之表面2a、2b為同一
平面,填料1A、1B自樹脂層2之表面2a、2b露出,且於露出之填料1A、1B之周圍之樹脂層2形成有凹陷2x。藉由形成有凹陷2x,於將含有填料之膜作為各向異性導電膜構成之情形時,於各向異性導電連接時,針對作為導電粒子之填料1A、1B於端子間被夾持時產生之填料1A、1B之扁平化而自樹脂受到之阻力與無凹陷2x之情形時相比降低,端子之填料之捕捉性提升。作為含有填料之膜,亦與將經單純混練之黏合劑等進行塗佈所獲得者相比,如上所述,填料及樹脂之狀態具有特異性,因而可期待於性能或品質方面產生特徵。
另一方面,於將含有填料之膜作為各向異性導電膜構成之情形時,於使用各向異性導電膜將電子零件彼此連接時,就不夾帶空氣之方面而言,較佳為如圖3所示,作為導電粒子之填料1A、1B之埋入率為大約100%且以填料分散層3之表面變得平坦之方式使填料1A、1B埋入至樹脂層2。
又,於埋入率超過100%之情形時,較佳為如圖4所示,於接近於填料1A、1B之樹脂層2之表面2a、2b之填料1A、1B之正上方之區域形成有凹陷2y。藉由形成凹陷2y,與無凹陷2y之情形時相比,於將含有填料之膜作為各向異性導電膜構成之情形時,各向異性導電連接時之壓力容易集中於作為導電粒子之填料1A、1B,端子之填料1A、1B之捕捉性提升。作為含有填料之膜,亦與將經單純混練之黏合劑等進行塗佈所獲得者相比,如上所述,填料及樹脂之狀態具有特異性,因此可期待於性能或品質方面產生特徵。
<填料之排列>
於圖1A所示之含有填料之膜10A中,第1填料層之填料1A及第2填料層之填料1B分別以正方格子排列。如此,於本發明之含有填料之膜中,填料1A、1B較佳為規則排列。作為規則排列,除圖1A所示之正方格子以外,還可列舉長方格子、斜方格子、六方格子等格子排列。作為除格子排列以外之規則排列,可列舉將填料以特定間隔直線狀地排列而成之粒子列以特定之間隔並列者。藉由使填
料1A、1B成為格子狀等規則之排列,於將含有填料之膜作為各向異性導電膜構成之情形時,於各向異性導電連接時,可對作為導電粒子之各填料1A、1B均等地施加壓力,從而降低導通電阻之不均。
第1填料層中之填料1A之排列與第2填料層中之填料1B之排列可設為相同亦可設為不同。於設為相同之情形時,例如如圖5A、圖5B所示之含有填料之膜10B般,於含有填料之膜之俯視下,可使第1填料層之填料1A與第2填料層之填料1B不重疊,亦可形成第1填料層之填料1A與第2填料層之填料1B接觸或接近而成之填料單元。於此情形時,填料單元彼此較佳為不接觸而規則排列。藉此,可抑制短路之產生。
例如,可構成如下填料單元:於第1填料層及第2填料層中,填料1A、1B之排列本身相同,但一填料1A之排列相對於另一填料1B之排列於膜面方向錯開特定距離,於含有填料之膜之俯視下,第1填料層之填料1A與第2填料層之填料1B之一部分重疊。於此情形時,若如圖1A所示之含有填料之膜10A之一態樣之各向異性導電膜般,形成填料1A與填料1B部分地重疊而成之填料單元1C,則由於含有填料之膜為各向異性導電膜,故而於各向異性導電連接時,可期待作為導電粒子之填料1A及1B之任一者容易被端子捕捉之效果。即,於使用圖1A所示之含有填料之膜10A之一態樣之各向異性導電膜將第1電子零件30之端子20與第2電子零件31之端子21各向異性導電連接之情形時,若如圖6所示,填料1A位於端子20、21之邊緣,則於含有填料之膜(各向異性導電膜)之俯視下,填料1B存在於與填料1A重疊之位置,因而於加熱加壓時,即便填料1A或1B產生位置偏離,亦藉由鄰接之填料1A、1B之任一者將端子20、21連接,從而可提高端子之填料之捕捉性。又,於此情形時,若於加熱加壓時產生樹脂流動,則填料1A與1B之距離會變遠,因而產生短路之風險亦會降低。再者,如上所述使填料1A與1B部分地重疊係基於含有填料之膜之一態樣之各向異性導電膜整體中之填
料直徑或個數密度、填料間之距離、連接之端子尺寸或端子間距離等,以即便使填料1A與1B部分地重疊,設計上亦不會產生短路為前提,若使填料1A與1B部分地重疊,則會滿足短路抑制之效果並且亦容易滿足捕捉性提升之效果,因而較佳。又,於鄰接之填料1A、1B分別與樹脂層2之正背之面2a、2b成為大致同一平面之情形時,或自該正背之面2a、2b露出之情形時,該等效果進一步變大,因而較佳。再者,於如上所述將含有填料之膜作為各向異性導電膜構成之情形時,即便假設於上述含有填料之膜中第1填料層之填料1A與第2填料層之填料1B於膜厚方向完全重疊,亦存在若用於各向異性導電連接,則因各向異性導電連接時之加熱加壓而產生樹脂之熔融或流動之情況,重疊之填料1A、1B之位置會錯開,因而實用上無問題。於除各向異性導電膜以外之態樣中,亦可謂相同。
另一方面,於使第1填料層之填料1A之排列與第2填料層之填料1B之排列不同之情形時,例如較佳為以雙方之排列之形狀相似等之方式,於排列具有共同點。其並不限定於各向異性導電膜。
又,亦可將填料1A之排列與填料1B之排列分別作為規則排列之一部分,使填料1A之排列與填料1B之排列合併形成格子狀等規則排列。例如,於將填料1A之排列與填料1B之排列合併設為六方格子之情形時,填料1A之排列具有六方格子所包含之六邊形之排列,填料1B之排列設為成為該六邊形之中心之排列。再者,該情形之規則排列並不限定於六方格子。又,關於填料1A之排列與填料1B之排列成為將雙方合併所形成之規則排列之哪一個部分,並無限定。使填料1A之排列與填料1B之排列合併所形成之規則排列可相對於精確之格子排列變形,例如,本應成為直線之格子軸可成為鋸齒狀。藉由以此方式設為難以簡單地再現之排列條件,能夠進行批次管理,亦能夠對含有填料之膜及使用其之連接構造體賦予追蹤能力(可追蹤之性質)。其對於防止偽造含有填料之膜或使用其之連接構造體、真偽判定、防止非法利用等亦有效。又,一般,於各向異性導
電連接中,有可能產生直線排列之導電粒子之相當數量不會被端子之邊緣部分捕捉之事態,藉由使排列成為鋸齒狀,可避免此種事態。因此,容易使端子之導電粒子之捕捉數保持於固定範圍,故而較佳。又,藉由使此種變形重複,可利用抽取檢查等容易地判斷排列形狀之適當與否。
再者,如上所述之填料之變形排列可使用一個轉印模具形成,亦可使填料1A用之轉印模具與填料1B用之轉印模具兩個轉印模具組合而形成。藉由使用填料1A用之轉印模具與填料1B用之轉印模具兩個轉印模具形成各向異性導電膜等含有填料之膜整體之填料(例如導電粒子)排列,能夠形成各種排列,亦容易於短時間內應對設計變更,能夠有助於製造成本之削減,進而能夠削減包括用以製造填料之排列不同之各種各向異性導電膜等含有填料之膜之製造裝置之保有、零件管理、維護等所需費用在內的與製造各向異性導電膜等含有填料之膜相關之總成本。本發明可採用如上所述使用填料1A用之轉印模具及填料1B用之轉印模具2種轉印模具設計各向異性導電膜等含有填料之膜整體之俯視下之填料(例如導電粒子)排列狀態的填料排列狀態設計方法、或按照該設計方法使用2種轉印模具之各向異性導電膜等含有填料之膜之製造方法。
再者,關於填料1A及填料1B,亦可於可獲得含有填料之膜所意圖之發明之效果之範圍內,於其排列狀態中存在缺漏。可藉由於膜之特定之方向規則地存在而進行確認。又,藉由使填料之缺漏於膜之長邊方向反覆存在、或使填料缺漏之部位於膜之長邊方向逐漸增加或減少,可獲得與上述變形相同之效果。即,能夠進行批次管理,亦能夠對含有填料之膜及使用其之連接構造體賦予追蹤能力(可追蹤之性質)。其對於防止偽造含有填料之膜或使用其之連接構造體、真偽判定、防止非法利用等亦有效。
於第1填料層及第2填料層各層中,填料1A、1B之排列之格子軸或排列軸可相對於各向異性導電膜等含有填料之膜10A之長邊方向平行,亦可與
各向異性導電膜等含有填料之膜10A之長邊方向交叉。例如,於製成各向異性導電膜之情形時,由於可根據連接之端子寬度、端子間距等而決定,故而無特別限制。例如,於製成微間距用之各向異性導電膜之情形時,如圖1A所示使第1填料層之填料1A之格子軸A相對於各向異性導電膜等含有填料之膜10A之長邊方向傾斜,將利用各向異性導電膜等含有填料之膜10A進行連接之端子20之長邊方向(膜之短邊方向)與格子軸A所成之角度θ較佳為設為6°~84°,更佳為設為11°~74°。即便為除各向異性導電膜以外之用途,藉由以此方式傾斜,亦可期待能夠使捕捉狀態變穩定之效果。
填料1A、1B之粒子間距離可根據有無形成填料(例如導電粒子)單元1C、利用各向異性導電膜等含有填料之膜進行連接之端子之大小、端子間距等適當決定。例如,關於第1填料層內相鄰之填料1A彼此之最接近粒子間距離L3及第2填料層內相鄰之填料1B彼此之最接近粒子間距離L4(圖1A),於各向異性導電膜之情形時,於該相鄰之作為導電粒子之填料1A及1B不屬於一個填料單元(導電粒子單元)之情形時,就抑制短路之觀點而言,較佳為填料1A、1B之粒徑DA、DB之1.5倍以上,又,就最低限度地確保端子之填料之捕捉數、獲得穩定之導通之方面而言,較佳為設為66倍以下。尤其是於將含有填料之膜作為各向異性導電膜構成之情形時,於使各向異性導電膜應對微間距之COG(Chip On Glass,玻璃覆晶)時,最接近粒子間距離L3、L4較佳為設為粒徑之1.5~5倍,於應對間距相對較大之FOG(Film On Glass,鍍膜玻璃)之情形時,較佳為設為粒徑之10~66倍。於除各向異性導電膜以外之情形時,根據其特性適當調整即可。
再者,如下文所述,於利用第1填料層內之多個填料1A形成填料單元1C之情形時、或利用第2填料層內之多個填料1B形成填料單元1C之情形時,於含有填料之膜之一態樣之各向異性導電膜時,1個填料單元1C內之第1填料層之填料1A彼此之距離較佳為設為填料1A之粒徑DA之1/4倍以下,填料1A彼此亦
可相接。同樣地,1個填料單元1C內之第2填料層之填料1B彼此之距離較佳為設為填料1B之粒徑DB之1/4倍以下,填料1B彼此亦可相接。於除各向異性導電膜以外之情形時,根據其特性適當調整即可。
<填料之個數密度>
本發明之含有填料之膜整體之填料之個數密度由於可根據其用途或所要求之特性及填料1A、1B之粒徑、排列等進行適當調整,故而並無特別限定,可應用下述各向異性導電膜之情形。含有填料之膜之製造條件由於與各向異性導電膜之情形大致相同,故而可認為填料之個數密度之條件亦大致相同。於將含有填料之膜作為各向異性導電膜構成之情形時,可根據以各向異性導電膜進行連接之電子零件之端子之間距、各向異性導電膜之填料(導電粒子)1A、1B之粒徑、排列等進行適當調整。例如關於個數密度之上限,為了抑制短路,較佳為70000個/mm2以下,更佳為50000個/mm2以下,進而更佳為35000個/mm2以下。另一方面,關於個數密度之下限,為了抑制成本,亦為了削減填料(導電粒子)且滿足導通性能,較佳為100個/mm2以上,更佳為150個/mm2以上,進而更佳為400個/mm2以上。尤其是設為以各向異性導電膜進行連接之電子零件之最小之端子之連接面積為2000μm2以下的微間距用途之情形時,較佳為10000個/mm2以上。第1填料層之填料1A之設計上之個數密度與第2填料層之填料1B之設計上之個數密度可相同,亦可不同。
於製造含有填料之膜時,於使填料於含有填料之膜之長邊方向附著之情形時,於存在填料之缺漏或分佈之不均一性不可避免地增加之傾向時,較佳為第1填料層之填料1A之個數密度及第2填料層之填料1B之個數密度之一者於含有填料之膜之長邊方向逐漸增加,並且另一者逐漸減少,即,個數密度之增加或減少之方向於第1填料層及第2填料層成為相反方向。於使各向異性導電膜等含有填料之膜整體中之第1填料層之填料1A之個數密度之平均相同之情形時,藉
由如上所述使填料之個數密度逐漸增加或減少,於含有填料之膜之一端10Ap及另一端10Aq,第1填料層之填料1A之個數密度與第2填料層之填料1B之個數密度之大小關係相反,含有填料之膜整體中之填料之個數密度之均一性提升。其於如各向異性導電膜般強烈要求整個面中之填料之個數密度之均一性之情形時,製造難易度降低,因而可期待其效果。又,各向異性導電膜或除此以外之用途中均同樣地可期待成本削減之效果。
各向異性導電膜等含有填料之膜之長邊方向之第1填料層或第2填料層中之填料之個數密度可藉由如下方式而求出:於含有填料之膜之長邊方向上在成為膜總長之20%以上或3m以上之區域內,於含有填料之膜之長邊方向之不同位置設定多處(較佳為5處以上、更佳為10處以上)1邊為100μm以上之矩形區域作為填料之個數密度之測量區域,將測量區域之合計面積較佳為設為2mm2以上,使用金屬顯微鏡測量各測量區域之填料之個數密度,並將該等進行平均,或拍攝上述膜總長之20%以上或3m以上之區域內之圖像,藉由圖像分析軟體(例如WinROOF,三谷商事股份有限公司等)測量填料之個數密度;又,填料之個數密度逐漸增加或減少可藉由於各測量區域所測得之填料之個數密度相對於各向異性導電膜等含有填料之膜之長邊方向單調遞增或遞減而進行確認。再者,面積100μm×100μm區域於凸塊間間隔50μm以下之連接對象物中成為存在1個以上凸塊之區域。再者,測量區域可根據填料之個數密度適當調整該測量區域之1邊之上限。於明顯較密或者較疏之情形時,例如可以填料個數以合計面積之總數計成為200個以上、較佳為1000個以上之方式進行調整。
於將含有填料之膜作為各向異性導電膜構成之情形時,於將各向異性導電膜設為以該各向異性導電膜連接之電子零件之最小之端子之連接面積為2000μm2以下之微間距用途時,含有填料之膜(各向異性導電膜)之一端10Ap上之第1填料層與第2填料層合計之填料1A、1B之個數密度NpAB與另一端10Aq
上之第1填料層與第2填料層合計之填料1A、1B之個數密度NqAB的差(NpAB-NqAB),相對於該等之平均((NpAB+NqAB)/2)較佳為±2%以內,更佳為±1.5%以內,進而更佳為±1%以內,於最小之端子之連接面積超過2000μm2之常規間距之情形時,(NpAB-NqAB)相對於((NpAB+NqAB)/2)較佳為±20%以內,更佳為±10%以內。
於將第1填料層及第2填料層中設計上之填料之排列及個數密度設為相同之情形時,作為於樹脂層2形成第1填料層及第2填料層之步驟,就製造上而言,較佳為如下文所述,於使成為第1填料層之填料1A附著於樹脂層2時、及於使成為第2填料層之填料1B附著於樹脂層2時,使樹脂層2之移行方向相反,重複同一步驟。以此方式使移行方向相反就如下方面而言亦較佳:於假如於用於附著填料之轉印模具存在缺陷之情形時,各向異性導電膜等含有填料之膜上之缺陷之位置於膜之正背不重疊,可避免膜整體變得不良之風險。
另一方面,於使第1填料層與第2填料層之填料1A、1B之個數密度不同之情形時,就提高端子之填料之捕捉性之方面而言,較佳為將該等之中個數密度較高之填料層設為更接近於各向異性導電膜等含有填料之膜之外界面之位置。又,於使填料層露出各向異性導電膜等含有填料之膜之外表面之情形時,就抑制各向異性導電膜等含有填料之膜之黏性之降低之方面而言,露出之填料層較佳為設為個數密度較低者(個數密度較低之側)。如此,含有填料之膜可根據所要求之特性適當使第1填料層與第2填料層之填料1A、1B之個數密度不同。
<樹脂層>
(樹脂層之黏度)
樹脂層2之最低熔融黏度並無特別限制,可根據含有填料之膜之用途、或含有填料之膜之製造方法等適當決定。例如,只要可形成上述凹陷2x、2y,則視含有填料之膜之製造方法,亦可設為1000Pa‧s左右。另一方面,作為含有填料之
膜之製造方法,於進行使填料以特定之配置保持於樹脂層之表面並將該填料壓入至樹脂層之方法時,就樹脂層能夠成形為膜之方面而言,較佳為將樹脂之最低熔融黏度設為1100Pa‧s以上。凹陷2x、2y可位於兩面,亦可僅位於單面(即,填料1A、1B之任一者)。
又,如下文所述之含有填料之膜之製造方法中所說明,就如圖1B所示於壓入至樹脂層2之填料1A、1B之露出部分之周圍形成凹陷2x、或如圖4所示於壓入至樹脂層2之填料1A、1B之正上方形成凹陷2y之方面而言,較佳為1500Pa‧s以上,更佳為2000Pa‧s以上,進而較佳為3000~15000Pa‧s,進而更佳為3000~10000Pa‧s。關於該最低熔融黏度,作為一例,可使用旋轉式流變計(TA instruments公司製造),在測量壓力5g下保持為固定,使用直徑8mm之測量板而求出,更具體而言,可藉由於溫度範圍30~200℃中,設為升溫速度10℃/min、測量頻率10Hz、對上述測量板之荷重變動5g而求出。
藉由將樹脂層2之最低熔融黏度設為1500Pa‧s以上之高黏度,可抑制將含有填料之膜壓接於物品時填料之無用之移動,尤其是於將含有填料之膜設為各向異性導電膜之情形時,可防止於各向異性導電連接時,應夾持於端子間之導電粒子因樹脂流動而流走。
又,於藉由將填料1A、1B壓入至樹脂層2而形成含有填料之膜10A之填料分散層3之情形時,壓入填料1A、1B時之樹脂層2係設為如下高黏度之黏性體:於以填料1A、1B自樹脂層2露出之方式將填料1A、1B壓入至樹脂層2時,樹脂層2塑性變形,於填料1A、1B之周圍之樹脂層2形成凹陷2x(圖1B);或設為如下高黏度之黏性體:於以填料1A、1B不自樹脂層2露出而填埋於樹脂層2之方式壓入填料1A、1B時,於填料1A、1B之正上方之樹脂層2之表面形成凹陷2y(圖4)。因此,關於樹脂層2於60℃之黏度,下限較佳為3000Pa‧s以上,更佳為4000Pa‧s以上,進而較佳為4500Pa‧s以上,上限較佳為20000Pa‧s以下,
更佳為15000Pa‧s以下,進而較佳為10000Pa‧s以下。該測量可利用與最低熔融黏度相同之測量方法而進行,並提取溫度為60℃之值而求出。
關於將填料1A、1B壓入至樹脂層2時之該樹脂層2之具體黏度,根據形成之凹陷2x、2y之形狀或深度等,下限較佳為3000Pa‧s以上,更佳為4000Pa‧s以上,進而較佳為4500Pa‧s以上,上限較佳為20000Pa‧s以下,更佳為15000Pa‧s以下,進而較佳為10000Pa‧s以下。又,較佳為於40~80℃、更佳為於50~60℃下獲得此種黏度。
如上所述,藉由於自樹脂層2露出之填料1A、1B之周圍形成凹陷2x(圖1B),針對將含有填料之膜壓接於物品時產生之填料1A、1B之扁平化而自樹脂受到之阻力與無凹陷2x之情形時相比降低。因此,於將含有填料之膜設為各向異性導電膜之情形時,由於在各向異性導電連接時,導電粒子容易被端子夾持,故而導通性能提升,又,捕捉性提升。尤其是於各向異性導電膜中,由於在樹脂層2之兩面存在作為導電粒子之填料1A、1B,故而為了使自樹脂受到之阻力降低,亦較佳為此種凹陷2x位於任一面,更佳為位於兩面。
又,藉由於未自樹脂層2露出而填埋之填料1A、1B之正上方之樹脂層2之表面形成凹陷2y(圖4),與無凹陷2y之情形相比,於將含有填料之膜壓接於物品時之壓力容易集中於填料1A、1B。因此,於將含有填料之膜設為各向異性導電膜之情形時,由於在各向異性導電連接時,導電粒子容易被端子夾持,故而捕捉性提升,導通性能提升。尤其是於各向異性導電膜中,由於與上述相同之原因,此種凹陷2y較佳為位於任一面,更佳為位於兩面。2x及2y可於各單面單獨存在,亦可混合存在。
<代替凹陷之“傾斜”或者“起伏”>
如圖1B、圖4所示之含有填料之膜之「凹陷」2x、2y亦可自「傾斜」或者「起伏」之觀點進行說明。以下,一面參照圖式一面進行說明。
各向異性導電膜等含有填料之膜10A由填料分散層3所構成(圖1B)。填料分散層3中,填料1A、1B以露出之狀態規則地分散於樹脂層2之單面。構成如下之填料層:於膜之俯視下,填料1A、1B未相互接觸,於膜厚方向填料1A、1B亦不相互重疊地規則地分散,填料1A、1B於膜厚方向之位置匹配之單層之填料層。
於各填料1A、1B之周圍之樹脂層2之表面2a、2b,相對於鄰接之填料間之中央部上之樹脂層2之切平面2p形成有傾斜2x。再者,如下文所述,本發明之含有填料之膜中,亦可於埋入至樹脂層2之填料1A、1B之正上方之樹脂層之表面形成起伏2y(圖4)。
於本發明中,所謂「傾斜」,意指如下狀態:於填料1A、1B之附近,樹脂層之表面之平坦性受損,相對於上述切平面2p,樹脂層之一部分不完整,樹脂量降低。換言之,傾斜係填料之周圍之樹脂層之表面相對於切平面缺損。另一方面,所謂「起伏」,意指如下狀態:於填料之正上方之樹脂層之表面存在波紋,因存在如波紋般具有高低差之部分,故而樹脂減少。換言之,填料正上方之樹脂層之樹脂量少於填料正上方之樹脂層之表面位於切平面時。該等可將相當於填料之正上方之部位與填料間之平坦之表面部分(圖1B、圖4)進行比對而辨識。再者,亦存在起伏之起點以傾斜之形式存在之情況。
如上所述,藉由於自樹脂層2露出之填料1A、1B之周圍形成傾斜2x(圖1B),於將含有填料之膜作為各向異性導電膜構成之情形時,於各向異性導電連接時,針對填料1A、1B被端子間夾持時產生之填料1A、1B之扁平化而自樹脂受到之阻力較無傾斜2x之情形時降低,因而端子上之填料容易被夾持,因此導通性能提升,又,捕捉性提升。該傾斜較佳沿著填料之外形。其原因在於:除更容易表現連接之效果以外,還容易辨識填料,因此容易進行各向異性導電膜等含有填料之膜之製造中之檢查等。又,該傾斜及起伏存在藉由對樹脂層進行熱壓
等而其一部分消失之情況,本發明包含該情況。於此情形時,存在填料以1點露出於樹脂層之表面之情況。再者,於將含有填料之膜作為各向異性導電膜構成之情形時,連接之電子零件多種多樣,就配合該等進行調整而言,較理想為設計之自由度較高以滿足各種必要條件,故而即便使傾斜或者起伏減少或部分地消失,亦可使用。
又,藉由於不自樹脂層2露出而填埋之填料1A、1B之正上方之樹脂層2之表面形成起伏2y(圖4),與傾斜之情形同樣地,於將含有填料之膜作為各向異性導電膜構成之情形時,於各向異性導電連接時,來自端子之按壓力容易施加於填料。又,藉由具有起伏,與樹脂平坦地堆積之情形相比,填料之正上方之樹脂量降低,故而於連接時,容易排除填料正上方之樹脂,端子與填料容易接觸,因而端子之填料之捕捉性提升,導通可靠性提升。
就容易獲得上述填料之露出部分之周圍之樹脂層2之傾斜2x(圖1B)、或填料之正上方之樹脂層之起伏2y(圖4)之效果之方面而言,填料1A、1B之露出部分之周圍之傾斜2x之最大深度Le與填料1A、1B之粒徑DA、DB之比(Le/DA)、(Le/DB)較佳為未達50%,更佳為未達30%,進而較佳為20~25%,填料1A、1B之露出部分之周圍之傾斜2x之最大直徑Ld與填料1A、1B之粒徑DA、DB之比(Ld/DA)、(Ld/DB)較佳為100%以上,更佳為100~150%,填料1A、1B之正上方之樹脂之起伏2y之最大深度Lf與填料1A、1B之粒徑DA、DB之比(Lf/DA)、(Lf/DB)大於0,較佳為未達10%,更佳為5%以下。
再者,填料1A、1B之露出部分之徑Lc可設為填料1A、1B之粒徑DA、DB以下,較佳為粒徑DA、DB之10~90%。又,可使填料1A、1B之頂部之1點露出,亦可使DA、DB完全填埋於樹脂層2內,使徑Lc成為零。
於此種本發明中,樹脂層2之表面之傾斜2x、起伏2y之存在可藉由利用掃描型電子顯微鏡觀察各向異性導電膜等含有填料之膜之剖面進行確
認,於面視野觀察中亦可確認。利用光學顯微鏡、金屬顯微鏡亦可觀察傾斜2x、起伏2y。又,傾斜2x、起伏2y之大小亦可利用圖像觀察時之焦點調整等進行確認。即便於如上所述傾斜或者起伏因熱壓接合而減少後亦相同。其原因在於存在留下痕跡之情況。
(樹脂層之層厚)
本發明之各向異性導電膜等含有填料之膜中,樹脂層2之層厚La與所有填料1A、1B之平均粒徑DA、DB之比(La/DA)、(La/DB)較佳為0.3以上,更佳為0.6~10,進而較佳為0.6~8,尤佳為0.6~6。作為平均粒徑DA、DB,於第1填料層之填料1A與第2填料層之填料1B之各者之平均粒徑不同之情形時,可設為該等之平均。若樹脂層2之層厚La過大,該比超過10,則於將含有填料之膜作為各向異性導電膜構成之情形時,於各向異性導電連接時,作為導電粒子之填料1A、1B容易產生位置偏離,端子之填料1A、1B之捕捉性降低。反之,若樹脂層2之層厚La過小,該比未達0.3,則難以使填料1A、1B於樹脂層2中維持特定之排列。
(樹脂層之組成)
樹脂層2根據含有填料之膜之用途,可為導電性亦可為絕緣性,又,可為塑性亦可為硬化性,較佳為可由絕緣性之硬化性樹脂組成物形成,例如,可由含有熱聚合性化合物及熱聚合起始劑之絕緣性之熱聚合性組成物形成。可視需要使熱聚合性組成物含有光聚合起始劑。該等可使用公知之樹脂或化合物。以下,以含有填料之膜之一態樣之各向異性導電膜為例,對絕緣性樹脂之情形進行說明。
於將熱聚合起始劑與光聚合起始劑併用之情形時,可使用發揮作為熱聚合性化合物及作為光聚合性化合物兩者之功能者,亦可除熱聚合性化合物以外另外含有光聚合性化合物。較佳為除熱聚合性化合物以外另外含有光聚合性化合物。例如,使用陽離子系硬化起始劑作為熱聚合起始劑,使用環氧樹脂作為熱聚合性化合物,使用光自由基聚合起始劑作為光聚合起始劑,使用丙烯酸
酯化合物作為光聚合性化合物。
作為光聚合起始劑,可含有對波長不同之光產生反應之多個種類。藉此,於將含有填料之膜作為各向異性導電膜構成之情形時,可區分使用製造各向異性導電膜時構成絕緣性樹脂層之樹脂之光硬化、及於各向異性導電連接時用以將電子零件彼此接著之樹脂之光硬化所使用的波長。
製造含有填料之膜之一態樣之各向異性導電膜時之光硬化中,可使樹脂層所包含之光聚合性化合物之全部或一部分進行光硬化。藉由該光硬化,樹脂層2中之填料1A、1B之配置得到保持或固定化,可期待短路之抑制及捕捉性之提升。又,亦可藉由該光硬化而對各向異性導電膜之製造步驟中之樹脂層之黏度進行適當調整。
樹脂層中之光聚合性化合物之摻合量較佳為30質量%以下,更佳為10質量%以下,進而更佳為未達2%質量。其原因在於:若光聚合性化合物過多,則對連接時之壓入所施加之推力增加。尤其是於各向異性導電連接之情形時,較佳為設為如上所述。其是為了兼顧樹脂流動、及保持於樹脂之導電粒子之壓入。
作為熱聚合性組成物之例,可列舉包含(甲基)丙烯酸酯化合物及熱自由基聚合起始劑之熱自由基聚合性丙烯酸酯系組成物、包含環氧化合物及熱陽離子聚合起始劑之熱陽離子聚合性環氧系組成物等。亦可使用包含熱陰離子聚合起始劑之熱陰離子聚合性環氧系組成物代替包含熱陽離子聚合起始劑之熱陽離子聚合性環氧系組成物。又,只要不會特別帶來阻礙,則可將多種熱聚合性組成物併用。作為併用例,可列舉熱陽離子聚合性組成物與熱自由基聚合性組成物之併用等。
此處,作為(甲基)丙烯酸酯化合物,可使用以往公知之熱聚合型(甲基)丙烯酸酯單體。例如,可使用單官能(甲基)丙烯酸酯系單體、二官能以上
之多官能(甲基)丙烯酸酯系單體。
作為熱自由基聚合起始劑,例如可列舉有機過氧化物、偶氮系化合物等。尤其是可較佳地使用不會產生導致氣泡之氮氣之有機過氧化物。
關於熱自由基聚合起始劑之使用量,若過少則會變得硬化不良,若過多則製品壽命會降低,因而相對於(甲基)丙烯酸酯化合物100質量份,較佳為2~60質量份,更佳為5~40質量份。
作為環氧化合物,可列舉雙酚A型環氧樹脂、雙酚F型環氧樹脂、酚醛清漆型環氧樹脂、該等之改質環氧樹脂、脂環式環氧樹脂等,可將該等之2種以上併用。又,除環氧化合物以外,還可併用氧環丁烷化合物。
作為熱陽離子聚合起始劑,可採用作為環氧化合物之熱陽離子聚合起始劑所公知者,例如可使用藉由熱而產生酸之錪鹽、鋶鹽、鏻鹽、二茂鐵類等,尤其是可較佳地使用對溫度呈現出良好之潛伏性之芳香族鋶鹽。
關於熱陽離子聚合起始劑之使用量,若過少則亦有硬化不良之傾向,若過多則亦有製品壽命會降低之傾向,因而相對於環氧化合物100質量份,較佳為2~60質量份,更佳為5~40質量份。
熱聚合性組成物較佳為含有膜形成樹脂或矽烷偶合劑。作為膜形成樹脂,可列舉苯氧基樹脂、環氧樹脂、不飽和聚酯樹脂、飽和聚酯樹脂、胺酯樹脂、丁二烯樹脂、聚醯亞胺樹脂、聚醯胺樹脂、聚烯烴樹脂等,可將該等之2種以上併用。該等之中,就成膜性、加工性、連接可靠性之觀點而言,可較佳地使用苯氧基樹脂。重量平均分子量較佳為10000以上。又,作為矽烷偶合劑,可列舉環氧系矽烷偶合劑、丙烯酸系矽烷偶合劑等。該等矽烷偶合劑主要為烷氧基矽烷衍生物。
為了調整熔融黏度,可使熱聚合性組成物除上述填料1A、1B以外另外含有絕緣性填料。其可列舉二氧化矽粉或氧化鋁粉等。較佳為絕緣性填料
粒徑20~1000nm之微小之填料,又,摻合量較佳為相對於環氧化合物等熱聚合性化合物(光聚合性化合物)100質量份設為5~50質量份。除填料1A、1B以外另外含有之絕緣性填料於含有填料之膜之用途為各向異性導電膜之情形時可較佳地使用,根據用途,亦可不為絕緣性,例如可含有導電性之微小之填料。於將含有填料之膜作為各向異性導電膜構成之情形時,可視需要使形成填料分散層之樹脂層適當含有與填料1A、1B不同之更微小之絕緣性填料(所謂奈米填料)。
可使本發明之含有填料之膜除上述絕緣性或導電性之填料以外另外含有填充劑、軟化劑、促進劑、抗老化劑、著色劑(顏料、染料)、有機溶劑、離子捕捉劑等。
<含有填料之膜之變化態樣>
(填料單元)
本發明之含有填料之膜關於填料之排列,可採取各種態樣。
例如可列舉如圖7A、圖7B所示之各向異性導電膜等含有填料之膜10C般,由第1填料層之多個填料1A形成填料單元1C1,由第2填料層之多個填料1B形成填料單元1C2,填料單元1C1、1C2彼此不接觸,於含有填料之膜之俯視下亦不重疊,填料單元1C1、1C2排列成格子狀。於此情形時,第1填料層之每1個填料單元1C1之填料1A之個數例如可設為2~9個,尤其可設為2~4個。於填料單元內,填料1A可排列成一列,亦可集合成塊狀。第2填料層之每1個填料單元1C2之填料1B之個數亦同樣地,例如可設為2~9個,尤其可設為2~4個。於填料單元內,填料1B可排列成一列,亦可集合成塊狀。其於各向異性導電膜之情形時,亦可藉由根據端子佈局以短路風險變低之方式配置填料單元而應用。於除各向異性導電膜以外之用途中,根據目的適當調整即可。
於各向異性導電膜之情形時,就提升填料(導電粒子)之捕捉性並且抑制短路之方面而言,較佳為由分別排列成一列之填料構成第1填料層之填
料單元1C1及第2填料層之填料單元1C2,且較佳為將該等之長邊方向設為非平行,尤佳為如圖7A、圖7B所示般正交。
又,亦可如圖8A、圖8B所示之各向異性導電膜等含有填料之膜10D般,使相互接觸或接近之第1填料層之多個填料1A與相互接觸或接近之第2填料層之多個填料1B接觸或接近而形成填料單元1C。該填料單元1C彼此亦較佳為不相互接觸地使填料單元1C規則排列。又,較佳為將每1個填料單元1C之第1填料層之填料1A之個數設為2~9個,尤其是設為2~4個,將第2填料層之填料1B設為2~9個,尤其是設為2~4個。其亦與上述同樣地,於各向異性導電膜之情形時,亦可藉由根據端子佈局以短路風險變低之方式配置填料單元而應用。於除各向異性導電膜以外之用途中,根據目的適當調整即可。
於各向異性導電膜之情形時,若以此方式將具有多個由填料(導電粒子)1A、1B所形成之填料單元1C的含有填料之膜10D用於各向異性導電連接,並向膜厚方向進行按壓,則如圖9所示,可使相互接觸之填料(導電粒子)1A、1B放射狀地擴散,從而將填料(導電粒子)1A、1B彼此分離。於此情形時,如圖10所示,於填料(導電粒子)1A、1B不受對向之端子20、21按壓之端子間區域中,於各向異性導電連接前,形成填料單元1C之填料1A、1B亦會分離。因此,根據該含有填料之膜10D,可抑制鄰接之端子間之短路。另一方面,於在各向異性導電連接前填料(導電粒子)1A、1B位於對向之端子20、21之邊緣部分之情形時,藉由各向異性導電連接,填料1A及1B之至少一者亦會被端子20、21捕捉。因此,根據該含有填料之膜10D,導電粒子之捕捉效率提升。於除各向異性導電膜以外之用途中,亦可根據目的形成此種填料單元1C。認為較佳為應用於利用壓接輥按壓之情形。其原因在於:對除膜之厚度方向以外之方向亦容易施加加壓之荷重。
(對一填料層之配置之缺漏利用另一填料層進行填補之態樣)
可藉由如下方式消除缺漏:以設計上特定之排列及特定之個數密度形成第1填料層及第2填料層之一填料層,然後,針對整個區域確認填料之排列及個數密度,以配合該一導電粒子層之粒子配置之方式,進而以視需要填補一填料層之粒子配置中之缺漏之方式形成另一填料層,而將各向異性導電膜等含有填料之膜整體之填料設為特定之配置。因此,後形成之填料層亦可於含有填料之膜之長邊方向使個數密度變化。藉由如此,含有填料之膜之良率提升,可期待成本削減之效果。
(第2樹脂層之積層)
可如圖11A所示之各向異性導電膜等含有填料之膜10E般,於填料分散層3之一表面積層最低熔融黏度較佳為低於形成填料分散層3之樹脂層2的第2樹脂層4。又,第1填料層與第2填料層於樹脂層2中之埋入率不同,於第1填料層較第2填料層自樹脂層露出之情形時,可如圖11B所示之各向異性導電膜等含有填料之膜10F般於自樹脂層2之突出量較大之第1填料層側積層第2樹脂層4,亦可如圖11C所示之各向異性導電膜等含有填料之膜10G般,於填料層未突出之樹脂層2之表面積層第2樹脂層4。藉由第2樹脂層4之積層,於使用各向異性導電膜等含有填料之膜將電子零件進行各向異性導電連接時,可填充由電子零件之電極或凸塊所形成之空間而提升接著性。再者,於積層第2樹脂層4之情形時,較佳為使第2樹脂層4貼附於將會利用工具加壓之電子零件(使樹脂層2貼附於載台上載置之電子零件)。藉此,可避免填料意外移動,可提升捕捉性。
關於樹脂層2與第2樹脂層4之最低熔融黏度,於存在差之情況時,由電子零件之電極或凸塊所形成之空間容易被第2樹脂層4填充,能夠期待提升電子零件彼此之接著性之效果。又,該差越大,於填料分散層3中存在之樹脂層2之移動量相對越小,因而端子之填料之捕捉性容易提升。實用上,樹脂層2與第2樹脂層4之最低熔融黏度比較佳為2以上,更佳為5以上,進而較佳為8以上。另
一方面,若該比過大,則於將長條之各向異性導電膜等含有填料之膜製成卷裝體之情形時,有樹脂溢出或黏連之虞,因而實用上較佳為15以下。關於第2樹脂層4之較佳之最低熔融黏度,更具體而言,滿足上述比且為3000Pa‧s以下,更佳為2000Pa‧s以下,尤其是100~2000Pa‧s。
再者,第2樹脂層4可藉由於與樹脂層相同之樹脂組成物中對黏度進行調整而形成。
第2樹脂層4之層厚較佳為4~20μm。或者相對於填料直徑為1~8倍。
又,將樹脂層2與第2樹脂層4合併而成之各向異性導電膜等含有填料之膜10E、10F、10G整體之最低熔融黏度,實用上為8000Pa‧s以下,較佳為200~7000Pa‧s以下,尤佳為200~4000Pa‧s。
(第3樹脂層之積層)
可隔著樹脂層2於與第2樹脂層4為相反之側設置第3樹脂層。可使第3樹脂層發揮作為黏性層之功能。
第3樹脂層之樹脂組成、黏度及厚度可與第2樹脂層相同,亦可不同。將樹脂層2、第2樹脂層4及第3樹脂層合併而成之各向異性導電膜之最低熔融黏度並無特別限制,實用上為8000Pa‧s以下,較佳為200~7000Pa‧s以下,尤佳為200~4000Pa‧s。
(其他積層態樣)
根據含有填料之膜之用途,可積層多個填料分散層3,亦可於所積層之填料分散層間介置如第2樹脂層般不含填料之層,還可於最外層設置第2樹脂層或第3樹脂層。
<含有填料之膜之製造方法>
具有填料分散層3之單層作為樹脂層的本發明之含有填料之膜例如可藉由
如下方式而獲得:使填料1A以特定之分散保持(較佳為以特定之排列保持)於樹脂層2之一表面,將該填料1A利用平板或輥等壓入至樹脂層2,亦同樣地使填料1B以特定之分散保持(較佳為以特定之排列保持)並壓入於樹脂層2之另一表面。又,於將填料以特定之分散狀態保持於樹脂層之兩面時,可利用各種方法附著,如使用塗佈輥附著、或使用轉印模具附著,較佳為使在樹脂層之一表面保持填料之方向與在另一表面保持填料之方向反轉(180度)。藉此,於正背一體地觀察時,可緩和膜之正面之填料之分散狀態之不均一性、及背面之填料之分散狀態之不均一性。
又,於填料分散層3積層有第2樹脂層4之各向異性導電膜等含有填料之膜例如可如圖12所示般獲得。即,使填料1A附著至樹脂層2之一表面(同圖a)並壓入(同圖b),繼而,於壓入了該填料1A之面積層第2樹脂層4(同圖c)。於與第2樹脂層4相反之側之樹脂層2之表面附著填料1B(同圖d),並將該填料1B壓入至樹脂層2(同圖e)。以此方式,可獲得於填料分散層3積層有第2樹脂層4之各向異性導電膜等含有填料之膜10。於此情形時,藉由對自樹脂層2之一表面壓入之填料1A之配置、及自另一面壓入之填料1B之配置進行適當設定,而形成於俯視下該等填料1A、1B接觸或接近之填料單元1C。
關於樹脂層由填料分散層3之單層形成之各向異性導電膜等含有填料之膜,關於在填料分散層3積層有第2樹脂層4之各向異性導電膜等含有填料之膜,進而關於積層有第3樹脂層之態樣,作為使填料1A、1B附著於樹脂層2之方法或形成分散有填料1A、1B之樹脂層2之方法,均可列舉:使用轉印模具將填料轉印至樹脂層之方法、將填料散佈於樹脂層之方法、與專利文獻1記載之方法同樣地使用凹版塗佈機等表面具有規則之槽之塗佈輥將包含填料之樹脂液塗佈於樹脂層或剝離膜的方法等。再者,使用塗佈輥將包含填料之樹脂液塗佈於剝離膜之方法中,可將藉此形成之樹脂層作為樹脂層2。推測專利文獻1記載之方法如
上所述,與使用轉印模具之方法相比,無法使填料精確地規則排列,但若於本發明中使形成第1填料層之填料1A與形成第2填料層之填料1B於各向異性導電膜之長邊方向之附著方向反轉,則即便於形成導電粒子層時形成填料之缺漏或個數密度不均一之部位之情形時,於第1填料層及第2填料層之兩者,填料之缺漏或個數密度不均一之部分亦大致不會重疊,因而可使各填料層中之填料之缺漏或個數密度之不均一性對導通特性帶來之影響降低。
上述方法之中,就提升填料之排列之精度之方面而言,較佳為使用轉印模具。作為轉印模具,例如可使用藉由光微影法等公知之開口形成方法對矽、各種陶瓷、玻璃、不鏽鋼等金屬等無機材料、或各種樹脂等有機材料等形成有開口者。又,轉印模具可採用板狀、輥狀等形狀。
一般,使用轉印模具使導電粒子等填料附著於樹脂層之步驟中,為了製造長條之各向異性導電膜等含有填料之膜,而使導電粒子自樹脂層之一端依序向另一端之方向附著,但隨著填料之附著步驟之繼續,存在如下傾向:由於模具之堵塞,填料不附著於樹脂層,於各向異性導電膜等含有填料之膜中,成為填料之缺漏之部位增加。因此,於使成為第1填料層之填料自樹脂層之一端向另一端附著之情形時,成為第2填料層之填料較佳為自樹脂層之另一端向一端附著。藉由以此方式使附著方向反轉,第1填料層中導電粒子之缺漏之存在概率較高之區域在第2填料層中成為填料之缺漏之存在概率較低之區域,可使各向異性導電膜等含有填料之膜整體之填料之個數密度均一化,可消除在各向異性導電連接中對填料之性能產生影響之過度之缺漏(於各向異性導電膜之情形時,為連接不良)。又,長條之各向異性導電膜等含有填料之膜一般係以卷裝體之形式製造,因而於使第1填料層與第2填料層之附著方向反轉而製造之情形時,較佳為首先,一面使成為第1填料層之填料自長條之樹脂層之一端向另一端附著,一面將樹脂層製成卷裝體,繼而,一面將該卷裝體回卷,一面使成為第2填料層之填料
以與第1填料層之附著方向反轉之方向附著於樹脂層,並將該樹脂層製成卷裝體。藉此,相較於將形成有第1填料層之樹脂層之卷裝體回卷並再次以與第1填料層相同之附著方向使成為第2填料層之填料附著於樹脂層,可使步驟簡化,因而可期待成本削減之效果。再者,於使附著方向反轉時,可視需要將堵塞之轉印模具更換成新的,亦可進行清理。於可一定程度地容許填料之缺漏之製品之情形時,可減少轉印模具之更換或清理之頻率,因而就該方面而言亦可期待成本削減之效果。
於使用塗佈輥將包含導電粒子之樹脂液塗佈於樹脂層或剝離膜之方法中,隨著塗佈之繼續,塗佈輥表面之槽亦會堵塞,因而填料較佳為自該膜之另一端向一端塗佈。
又,於將填料散佈於樹脂層之方法中,亦存在填料之缺漏會週期性地重複之情況。於此種情形時,就使填料之缺漏之產生部位於樹脂層之正背不重疊之方面而言,亦較佳為於使成為第1填料層之填料附著於樹脂層時、及於使成為第2填料層之填料附著於樹脂層時,使樹脂層之移行方向反轉。
可預測:於利用上述任一製法進行製造之情形時,於製造長條之各向異性導電膜等含有填料之膜之情形時,均會不可避免地形成成為填料之缺漏之部位,但藉由使第1填料層與第2填料層之各向異性導電膜等含有填料之膜之長邊方向上之填料之附著方向反轉,可使成為缺漏之部位於各向異性導電膜等含有填料之膜上不集中於一個部位,而使成為缺漏之部位分散。因此,可有助於各向異性導電膜等含有填料之膜之良率之提升或製造成本之削減。
再者,於第1填料層中之填料之排列圖案或個數密度與第2填料層中之填料之排列圖案或個數密度相同之情形時或不同之情形時,使各向異性導電膜等含有填料之膜中之第1填料層之附著方向與第2填料層之附著方向反轉對於使各向異性導電膜等含有填料之膜中之填料之個數密度之不均降低之方面均
有效。例如,於各向異性導電膜等含有填料之膜之設計上使填料之排列於第1填料層與第2填料層相同並分別將個數密度例如設為400個/mm2之情形時,根據上述製法,實際所製造之各向異性導電膜等含有填料之膜之長邊方向之一端與另一端之個數密度之差之絕對值較佳為成為160個/mm2以下,更佳為成為80個/mm2以下,同樣地,於將第1填料層與第2填料層之導電粒子之個數密度分別設為65000個/mm2之情形時,各向異性導電膜之長邊方向之一端與另一端之個數密度之差之絕對值較佳為成為26000個/mm2以下,更佳為成為13000個/mm2以下。即,各向異性導電膜等含有填料之膜之長邊方向之一端與另一端之個數密度之差之絕對值成為第1填料層與第2填料層總共之導電粒子之個數密度之平均即800~130000個/mm2之較佳為±20%之範圍內,更佳為±10%之範圍內。再者,本發明並未將個數密度少於400個/mm2之情形排除在外。又,本發明係以各向異性導電膜為例進行說明,但並不限定於此。例如於光學膜中亦可容易地推測出藉由使個數密度均一,可使其性能穩定化。對於消光膜等與外觀直接相關者亦可謂相同。
附著於樹脂層2之填料1A、1B之埋入量可藉由填料1A、1B之壓入時之按壓力、溫度等進行調整,又,凹陷2x、2y之有無、形狀及深度可藉由壓入時之樹脂層2之黏度、壓入速度、溫度等進行調整。作為使埋入率超過100%之壓入方法,可列舉利用具有與填料之排列對應之凸部之壓板進行壓入之方法。
形成為長條之各向異性導電膜等含有填料之膜係適當截斷而以卷裝體之形式成為各向異性導電膜等含有填料之膜之製品。因此,本發明之各向異性導電膜等含有填料之膜例如具有5~5000m之長度而可製成卷裝體。
為了使用含有填料之膜所包含之各向異性導電膜經濟地進行電子零件之連接,各向異性導電膜較佳為一定程度之長條。因此,各向異性導電膜較佳為將長度製造成5m以上,更佳為10m以上,進而較佳為25m以上。另一方面,若各向異性導電膜過長,則無法使用利用各向異性導電膜進行電子零件之製
造之情形時使用之以往之連接裝置,操作性亦較差。因此,各向異性導電膜較佳為將長度製造成5000m以下,更佳為1000m以下,進而較佳為500m以下。各向異性導電膜之此種長條體就操作性優異之方面而言,較佳為製成捲繞於卷芯之卷裝體。
<含有填料之膜之使用方法>
本發明之含有填料之膜可與以往之含有填料之膜同樣地使用,只要可貼合含有填料之膜,則對物品無特別限制。可對與含有填料之膜之用途相應之各種物品藉由壓接、較佳為藉由熱壓接合進行貼合。於該貼合時,可利用光照射,亦可將熱與光併用。例如,於含有填料之膜之樹脂層對貼合該含有填料之膜之物品具有充分之黏著性之情形時,可藉由將含有填料之膜之樹脂層輕輕地壓抵於物品而獲得含有填料之膜貼合於一個物品之表面而成之膜貼合體。於此情形時,物品之表面不限於平面,可具有凹凸,亦可整體彎曲。於物品為膜狀或平板狀之情形時,可使用壓接輥將含有填料之膜貼合於該等物品。藉此,亦可使含有填料之膜之填料與物品直接接合。
又,亦可使含有填料之膜介置於對向之2個物品之間,利用熱壓接合輥或壓接工具將對向之2個物品接合,於該物品間夾持填料。又,亦可使填料與物品不直接接觸,而利用物品夾入含有填料之膜。
尤其是於將含有填料之膜設為各向異性導電膜之情形時,於使用熱壓接合工具經由該各向異性導電膜將IC晶片、IC模組、FPC等第1電子零件與FPC、玻璃基板、塑膠基板、剛性基板、陶瓷基板等第2電子零件進行各向異性導電連接時,可較佳地使用。可使用各向異性導電膜將IC晶片或晶圓堆疊而多層化。再者,利用本發明之各向異性導電膜連接之電子零件並不限定於上述電子零件。可用於近年來多樣化之各種電子零件。
因此,本發明包含藉由壓接將本發明之含有填料之膜貼合於各種
物品而成之連接構造體、或其製造方法。尤其是於將含有填料之膜設為各向異性導電膜之情形時,亦包含:使用該各向異性導電膜將電子零件彼此進行各向異性導電連接之連接構造體之製造方法、或藉此所獲得之連接構造體、即藉由本發明之各向異性導電膜將電子零件彼此進行各向異性導電連接而成之連接構造體。
作為使用有各向異性導電膜之電子零件之連接方法,於各向異性導電膜由導電粒子分散層之單層所構成之情形時,可藉由如下方式而製造:對各種基板等第2電子零件自各向異性導電膜之表面埋入有導電粒子之側進行暫時貼附並暫時壓接,將IC晶片等第1電子零件重疊於經暫時壓接之各向異性導電膜之表面未埋入導電粒子之側,並進行熱壓接合。於各向異性導電膜之絕緣性樹脂層不僅包含熱聚合起始劑及熱聚合性化合物而且包含光聚合起始劑及光聚合性化合物(亦可與熱聚合性化合物相同)之情形時,亦可為將光與熱併用之壓接方法。若如此,則可將導電粒子之意外移動抑制為最小限度。又,亦可將未埋入導電粒子之側暫時貼附於第2電子零件而使用。再者,亦可將各向異性導電膜暫時貼附於第1電子零件而非第2電子零件。
又,於各向異性導電膜由導電粒子分散層與第2絕緣性樹脂層之積層體所形成之情形時,將導電粒子分散層暫時貼附於各種基板等第2電子零件並暫時壓接,將IC晶片等第1電子零件對準並載置於經暫時壓接之各向異性導電膜之第2絕緣性樹脂層側,並進行熱壓接合。亦可將各向異性導電膜之第2絕緣性樹脂層側暫時貼附於第1電子零件。又,亦可將導電粒子分散層側暫時貼附於第1電子零件而使用。
實施例
以下,針對本發明之含有填料之膜之一態樣之各向異性導電膜,藉由實施例具體地進行說明。
(1)各向異性導電膜之製造
(1-1)實施例1A、1B~實施例8
以表1所示之配比製備形成(i)形成導電粒子分散層之高黏度之第1絕緣性樹脂層(以下,亦稱為A層)、(ii)黏度低於第1絕緣性樹脂層之第2絕緣性樹脂層(以下,亦稱為N層)、及(iii)形成黏性層之第3絕緣性樹脂層的樹脂組成物。
利用棒式塗佈機將形成第1絕緣性樹脂層(A層)之樹脂組成物塗佈於膜厚度50μm之PET膜上,於80℃之烘箱使之乾燥5分鐘,於PET膜上形成表2所示之厚度之絕緣性樹脂層。同樣地,分別以表3所示之厚度於PET膜上形成第2絕緣性樹脂層(N層)及第3絕緣性樹脂層(黏性層)。
另一方面,以第1導電粒子層之導電粒子(平均粒徑3μm)於俯視下為圖1A所示之正方格子排列且導電粒子之面密度如表2所示般於FOG用時成為800個/mm2(實施例1A、1B)、或如表3所示般於COG用時成為10000、20000或30000個/mm2(實施例2~8)之方式製作模具。即,以模具之凸部圖案為正方格子排列且格子軸與各向異性導電膜之短邊方向所成之角度θ成為15°之方式製作模具,將公知之透明性樹脂之顆粒以熔融之狀態流入至該模具,並進行冷卻而凝固,藉此將凹部為圖1A所示之排列圖案之樹脂模具形成為輥狀。
於該樹脂模具之凹部填充導電粒子(積水化學工業(股),AUL703,平均粒徑3μm),於其上被覆上述第1絕緣性樹脂層(A層),並使用加壓輥以60℃、0.5MPa進行按壓,藉此自第1絕緣性樹脂層之一端朝另一端橫跨長度300m貼合導電粒子。繼而,自模具剝離第1絕緣性樹脂層(A層),將第1絕緣性樹脂層(A層)上之導電粒子藉由加壓輥(按壓條件:70℃、0.5MPa)壓入至該第1絕緣性樹脂層(A層),而形成第1導電粒子層。壓入率設為100%,使導電粒子與第1絕緣性樹脂層(A層)之表面成為同一平面。於所壓入之導電粒子之周圍,相對於鄰接之導電粒子間之中央部上之第1絕緣性樹脂層之切平面形成有凹陷。
繼而,於第1絕緣性樹脂層(A層)之壓入有導電粒子之面藉由加熱加壓(45℃、0.5MPa)貼合第2絕緣性樹脂層(N層),於其相反側之面以與上述相同之方式橫跨長度300m附著導電粒子,並將導電粒子壓入,藉此形成第2導電粒子層,獲得導電粒子分散層。於此情形時,先壓入之導電粒子(第1導電粒子層)與後壓入之導電粒子(第2導電粒子層)於膜短邊方向錯開3μm。使附著
導電粒子之第1絕緣性樹脂層之移行方向與形成第1導電粒子層之情形反轉。又,於形成第2導電粒子層之情形時,亦將壓入率設為100%,使導電粒子與第1絕緣性樹脂層(A層)之表面成為同一平面。於所壓入之導電粒子之周圍,相對於鄰接之導電粒子間之中央部上之第1絕緣性樹脂層之切平面形成有凹陷。
實施例1A、2、3、4、6、7、8中,將以上述方式所獲得之導電粒子分散層設為各向異性導電膜。實施例1B中,使成為第1導電粒子層之導電粒子附著於第1絕緣性樹脂層時膜之移行方向與成為第2導電粒子層之導電粒子附著於第1絕緣性樹脂層時膜之移行方向相同。
實施例5中,於導電粒子分散層之與第2絕緣性樹脂層(N層)相反側之面,藉由加熱加壓(45℃、0.5MPa)貼合第3絕緣性樹脂層(黏性層)。
於各實施例之自各向異性導電膜之一端至另一端之長度300m之區域內,於長邊方向不同之位置設定10處1邊為200μm之矩形區域作為導電粒子之個數密度之測量區域,於該測量區域利用金屬顯微鏡觀察第1導電粒子層及第2導電粒子層,求出各導電粒子層中之導電粒子之個數密度,對自上述一端至另一端之導電粒子之個數密度之變動傾向(增加或減少之傾向)進行研究。將結果示於表2及表3。
(1-2)比較例1~3
與實施例1同樣地形成表1所示之樹脂組成之第1絕緣性樹脂層(A層)、第2絕緣性樹脂層(N層)、第3絕緣性樹脂層(黏性層)。
其中,比較例1中,使導電粒子均勻地分散於形成第1絕緣性樹脂層(A層)之樹脂組成物中,將其塗佈於PET膜並進行乾燥,藉此形成以面密度40000個/mm2單分散有導電粒子之導電粒子分散層。
比較例2中,以面密度40000個/mm2僅形成成為第2絕緣性樹脂層(N層)側之第1導電粒子層作為導電粒子層,除此以外,以與實施例2相同之方
式製造各向異性導電膜。
比較例3中,以面密度40000個/mm2僅形成成為第2絕緣性樹脂層(N層)之相反側之第2導電粒子層作為導電粒子層,除此以外,以與實施例2相同之方式製造各向異性導電膜。
針對比較例1~3之各向異性導電膜,亦對自其一端至另一端之導電粒子之個數密度之變動傾向(增加或減少之傾向)進行研究。將結果示於表2及表3。
(2)評價
對(1)所製作之實施例及比較例之各向異性導電膜,以對於連接而言充分之面積截斷,以如下方式對(a)初期導通電阻、(b)可靠性試驗後之導通電阻、(c)粒子捕捉性、(d)短路率、(e)暫時壓接性進行測量或評價。將結果示於表2及表3。
於此情形時,作為供於評價之試樣,實施例1A及實施例1B(FOG用各向異性導電膜)中使用長度300m之各向異性導電膜之長邊方向之一端及另一端,實施例2~8及比較例1~3(COG用各向異性導電膜)中使用各向異性導電膜之長邊方向之中間部分(距一端150m之部分)。
(a)初期導通電阻
(a1)FOG用各向異性導電膜之導通特性之評價(實施例1A、1B)
將各向異性導電膜之試樣夾於導通特性之評價用FPC與玻璃基板之間,工具寬度1.5mm,進行加熱加壓(200℃、5MPa、5秒),而獲得各評價用連接物,並對所獲得之評價用連接物之導通電阻進行測量。初期導通電阻實用上較理想為1Ω以下。因此,將初期導通電阻1Ω以下設為OK,將超過1Ω之情形設為NG。
此處,關於評價用FPC及玻璃基板,該等之端子圖案對應,尺寸如下。又,於將評價用FPC與玻璃基板連接時,將各向異性導電膜之長邊方向與
端子之短邊方向對齊。
導通特性之評價用FPC
端子間距50μm
端子寬度:端子間間隔=1:1
聚醯亞胺膜厚/銅箔厚(PI/Cu)=38/8,鍍錫(Sn plating)
玻璃基板
電極ITO塗層(ITO coating)
厚度0.7mm
(a2)COG用各向異性導電膜之導通特性之評價(實施例2~8、比較例1~3)
將各向異性導電膜之試樣夾入於導通特性之評價用IC與玻璃基板之間,並進行加熱加壓(180℃、80MPa、5秒)而獲得各評價用連接物,對所獲得之評價用連接物之導通電阻進行測量。初期導通電阻實用上較理想為1Ω以下。因此,將初期導通電阻1Ω以下評價為OK,將超過1Ω之情形評價為NG。
此處,關於評價用IC及玻璃基板,該等之端子圖案對應,尺寸如下。又,於將評價用IC與玻璃基板連接時,使各向異性導電膜之長邊方向與凸塊之短邊方向對齊。
導通特性之評價用IC
外形1.8×20.0mm
厚度0.5mm
凸塊規格 尺寸30×85μm、凸塊間距離50μm、凸塊高度15μm
玻璃基板
玻璃材質Corning公司製造之1737F
外形30×50mm
厚度0.5mm
電極ITO配線
(b)可靠性試驗後之導通電阻
對使(a)中製作之評價用連接物於溫度85℃、濕度85%RH之恆溫槽中放置500小時後之導通電阻以與初期導通電阻同樣之方式進行測量。可靠性試驗後之導通電阻實用上較理想為6Ω以下。因此,將6Ω以下設為OK,將超過6Ω之情形設為NG。
(c)粒子捕捉性
(c1)FOG用各向異性導電膜之粒子捕捉性之評價(實施例1A、1B)
於導通特性評價用之連接物中,針對連接部分之FPC端子中之100個25×400μm之區域,測量導電粒子之捕捉數,求出最低捕捉數,按照如下基準進行評價。
A(良好):3個以上
B(實用上無問題):未達3個
(c2)COG用各向異性導電膜之粒子捕捉性之評價(實施例2~8、比較例1~3)
使用粒子捕捉性之評價用IC,使該評價用IC與端子圖案對應之玻璃基板錯開6μm對準並進行加熱加壓(180℃、80MPa、5秒),針對評價用IC之凸塊與基板之端子重疊之100個6μm×66.6μm之區域測量導電粒子之捕捉數,求出最低捕捉數,並按照如下基準進行評價。實用上,較佳為B評價以上。
粒子捕捉性之評價用IC
外形1.6×29.8mm
厚度0.3mm
凸塊規格尺寸12×66.6μm、凸塊間距22μm、凸塊高度12μm
粒子捕捉性評價基準
A(良好):5個以上
B(實用上無問題):3個以上且未達5個
C(不良):未達3個
(d)短路率
(d1)FOG用各向異性導電膜之短路率之評價(實施例1A、1B)
將與導通特性之評價用FPC相同之FPC加熱加壓(200℃、5MPa、5秒)於無鹼玻璃(厚度0.7mm),並對所獲得之評價用連接物之短路數進行測量,根據所測得之短路數及評價用連接物之間隙數求出短路產生率,並按照如下基準進行評價。
A(良好):未達50ppm
B(實用上無問題):50ppm以上且未達200ppm
C(不良):200ppm以上
(d2)COG用各向異性導電膜之短路率之評價(實施例2~8、比較例1~3)
使用短路率之評價用IC,以與(a)初期導通電阻之評價相同之方式獲得評價用連接物,並對所獲得之評價用連接物之短路數進行測量,根據所測得之短路數及評價用連接物之間隙數求出短路產生率,並按照如下基準進行評價。
短路率之評價用IC(7.5μm間隔之梳齒TEG(test element group,測試元件組))
外形15×13mm
厚度0.5mm
凸塊規格 尺寸25×140μm、凸塊間距離7.5μm、凸塊高度15μm
短路率評價基準
A:未達50ppm
B:50ppm以上且未達200ppm
C:200ppm以上
(e)暫時壓接性
使用壓接工具,將附PET膜之各向異性導電膜(寬度1.5mm、長度50mm)以溫度60℃或70℃、壓接壓力1MPa、壓接時間1秒壓抵於ITO玻璃,藉此進行暫時壓接。於此情形時,使350μm厚之矽橡膠介置於壓接工具與PET膜之間作為緩衝材。針對100個以此方式將各向異性導電膜壓抵於ITO玻璃而得之暫時壓接樣品,將PET膜剝下。此時,對暫時壓接之成功與否,為方便起見,將各向異性導電膜1個都未與PET膜一起自ITO玻璃剝離之情形判定為OK,將即便有1個剝離之情形判定為NG。
A:於60℃以上為OK
B:於70℃以上為OK
C:於70℃以上為NG
如表2所示,於絕緣性樹脂層之正面之表面分別以埋入率100%埋入有導電粒子,自各向異性導電膜之長邊方向之一端至另一端,導電粒子之個數密度之增減傾向在第1導電粒子層與第2導電粒子層中為相反方向的實施例1A中,於各向異性導電膜之一端及另一端,於導通電阻、導通電阻之可靠性、粒子捕捉率、短路率、暫時壓接性之任一者中均獲得了良好之評價。與此相對,該個數密度之增減傾向在第1導電粒子層與第2導電粒子層一致之實施例1B中,第1導
電粒子層與第2導電粒子層總共之導電粒子之個數密度變低之膜一端中存在粒子捕捉性較差之部分,個數密度變高之膜另一端獲得了包含粒子捕捉性在內之良好之評價。再者,該評價中,由於連接面積充分,故而判斷即便為未達3個之B評價,實用上亦無問題。
如表3所示,實施例2~8之各向異性導電膜亦於絕緣性樹脂層之正背之表面分別以埋入率100%埋入有導電粒子,各向異性導電膜之長邊方向上之導電粒子之個數密度之增減傾向於第1導電粒子層與第2導電粒子層中為相反方向,於任一評價項目中均為良好。尤其是根據實施例2及實施例5,可知:本發明之各向異性導電膜即便不設置黏性層,暫時貼附性亦良好、作業性優異,而且粒子捕捉性亦優異。
又,根據比較例1,可知:若導電粒子單分散於導電粒子分散層,則粒子捕捉性及短路率均較差。根據比較例2,可知:若導電粒子層僅形成於第2絕緣性樹脂層(N層)側,則粒子捕捉性較差;根據比較例3,可知:若導電粒子層僅形成於與第2絕緣性樹脂層(N層)相反之側,則暫時壓接性較差。再者,比較例3中,若將暫時壓接溫度設為75℃,則即便將暫時壓接樣品設為500個,各向異性導電膜亦未自ITO玻璃剝離,因而可確認比較例3根據暫時壓接溫度之設定,可供於實際使用。
(3)轉印率
針對實施例1之各向異性導電膜,分別對形成第1導電粒子層時(第1次)之導電粒子之轉印率及形成第2導電粒子層時(第2次)之導電粒子之轉印率進行測量。
此處,轉印率係轉印至第1絕緣性樹脂層之導電粒子數相對於填充於樹脂模具之導電粒子數的比例。
轉印率之測量係使用金屬顯微鏡測量位於各向異性導電膜之長
度0m、50m、100m、200m、300m之面積1mm2中存在之第1導電粒子層或第2導電粒子層之導電粒子數並算出其平均。再者,第1導電粒子層(第1次)係藉由將導電粒子自各向異性導電膜之0m側向300m側之方向轉印而形成,第2導電粒子層(第2次)係藉由自各向異性導電膜之300m側向0m側之方向轉印而形成。
其結果為,第1導電粒子層及第2導電粒子層中,自轉印起點至100m,轉印率均超過99.9%,隨著轉印之進展,轉印率降低。然而,第1導電粒子層與第2導電粒子層總共之轉印率於自轉印起點至300m之任一處均超過99.9%。
Claims (20)
- 一種含有填料之膜,其具備樹脂層及填料分散層,上述填料分散層具有:第1填料層,其由以單層分散於該樹脂層之填料所構成;及第2填料層,其由在與第1填料層不同之深度以單層分散於該樹脂層之填料所構成;且第1填料層之填料自該樹脂層之一表面露出、或以自該樹脂層之一表面至該第1填料層之填料之最深部的距離(L1)與該第1填料層之填料之粒徑(DA)之比率(L1/DA)成為110%以下之方式埋入該樹脂層,第2填料層之填料自該樹脂層之另一表面露出、或以自該樹脂層之另一表面至該第2填料層之填料之最深部的距離(L2)與該第2填料層之填料之粒徑(DB)之比率(L2/DB)成為110%以下之方式埋入該樹脂層,該填料分散層中形成有多個填料所構成的填料單元。
- 如請求項1之含有填料之膜,其中,樹脂層之層厚(La)與填料之平均粒徑(D)之比(La/D)為0.6~10。
- 如請求項1之含有填料之膜,其中,於該填料單元內,多個填料排列成一列、或集合成塊狀。
- 如請求項1之含有填料之膜,其形成有第1填料層之填料彼此或第2填料層之填料彼此接觸而成之填料單元,填料單元彼此不接觸,且填料單元規則排列。
- 如請求項1之含有填料之膜,其形成有第1填料層之填料與第2填料層之填料接觸而成之填料單元,填料單元彼此不接觸,且填料單元規則排列。
- 如請求項4之含有填料之膜,其中,於俯視下,第1填料層之填料單元之長邊方向與第2填料層之填料單元之長邊方向不平行。
- 如請求項1之含有填料之膜,其中,填料分散層與第2樹脂層積層,且第2樹脂層之最低熔融黏度低於形成填料分散層之樹脂層。
- 如請求項1之含有填料之膜,其中,填料附近之樹脂層之表面相對於鄰接之填料間之中央部上之樹脂層之切平面具有傾斜或者起伏,該傾斜中,填料之周圍之樹脂層之表面相對於上述切平面缺損,該起伏中,填料正上方之樹脂層之樹脂量少於該填料正上方之樹脂層之表面位於上述切平面時。
- 如請求項1之含有填料之膜,其中,上述填料之形狀為球形、橢圓球、柱狀、針狀、或該等之組合。
- 如請求項1之含有填料之膜,其中,填料為導電粒子,樹脂層為絕緣性樹脂層,且上述含有填料之膜係用作各向異性導電膜。
- 如請求項1之含有填料之膜,其由2種以上之填料所構成。
- 一種含有填料之膜之製造方法,其係請求項1至8及11中任一項之含有填料之膜之製造方法,且係:使填料以特定之分散狀態保持於樹脂層之一表面,並將該填料壓入至樹脂層,亦使其他填料以特定之分散狀態保持於樹脂層之另一表面,並將該填料壓入至樹脂層。
- 如請求項12之含有填料之膜之製造方法,其中,於在樹脂層之兩面以特定之分散狀態保持填料時,使在樹脂層之一表面中保持填料之方向與在另一表面中保持填料之方向反轉。
- 一種含有填料之膜之製造方法,其係請求項1至8及11項中任一項之含有填料之膜之製造方法,上述含有填料之膜中,填料為導電粒子,樹脂層為絕緣性樹脂層,且上述含有填料之膜係用作各向異性導電膜,上述製造方法係:使填料以特定之分散狀態保持於樹脂層之一表面,並將該填料壓入至樹脂層,亦使其他填料以特定之分散狀態保持於樹脂層之另一表面,並將該填料壓入至樹脂層。
- 如請求項14之含有填料之膜之製造方法,其中,於在樹脂層之兩面以特定之分散狀態保持填料時,使在樹脂層之一表面中保持填料之方向與在另一表面中保持填料之方向反轉。
- 一種膜貼合體,其將請求項1至11中任一項之含有填料之膜貼合於物品。
- 一種連接構造體,其經由請求項1至11中任一項之含有填料之膜將第1物品與第2物品連接。
- 如請求項17之連接構造體,其經由下述含有填料之膜將第1電子零件與第2電子零件進行各向異性導電連接,該含有填料之膜之填料為導電粒子,樹脂層為絕緣性樹脂層,且用作各向異性導電膜。
- 一種連接構造體之製造方法,其係經由請求項1至11中任一項之含有填料之膜將第1物品與第2物品壓接。
- 如請求項19之連接構造體之製造方法,其將第1物品、第2物品分別設為第1電子零件、第2電子零件,藉由經由下述含有填料之膜將第1電子零件與第2電子零件進行熱壓接合而製造第1電子零件與第2電子零件各向異性導電連接而成之連接構造體,該含有填料之膜之填料為導電粒子,樹脂層為絕緣性樹脂層,且用作各向異性導電膜。
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CN1307625A (zh) * | 1998-06-30 | 2001-08-08 | 美国3M公司 | 细距各向异性导电粘合剂 |
US20110114256A1 (en) * | 2003-12-04 | 2011-05-19 | Asahi Kasei Emd Corporation | Anisotropic conductive adhesive sheet and connecting structure |
TW201611446A (zh) * | 2014-03-31 | 2016-03-16 | Dexerials Corp | 異向性導電膜及其製造方法 |
TW201627438A (zh) * | 2014-10-28 | 2016-08-01 | Dexerials Corp | 異向性導電膜及連接構造體 |
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JPH08124435A (ja) * | 1994-10-25 | 1996-05-17 | Hitachi Chem Co Ltd | 異方導電フィルムの製造方法 |
JP4880533B2 (ja) * | 2007-07-03 | 2012-02-22 | ソニーケミカル&インフォメーションデバイス株式会社 | 異方性導電膜及びその製造方法、並びに接合体 |
US20120037399A1 (en) * | 2010-08-16 | 2012-02-16 | Core Precision Material Corporation | Anisotropic conductive film and method of fabricating the same |
JP2012139846A (ja) * | 2010-12-28 | 2012-07-26 | Nippon Synthetic Chem Ind Co Ltd:The | 転写印刷用積層体 |
JP6237288B2 (ja) * | 2014-02-04 | 2017-11-29 | デクセリアルズ株式会社 | 異方性導電フィルム及びその製造方法 |
WO2015141830A1 (ja) * | 2014-03-20 | 2015-09-24 | デクセリアルズ株式会社 | 異方性導電フィルム及びその製造方法 |
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CN1307625A (zh) * | 1998-06-30 | 2001-08-08 | 美国3M公司 | 细距各向异性导电粘合剂 |
US20110114256A1 (en) * | 2003-12-04 | 2011-05-19 | Asahi Kasei Emd Corporation | Anisotropic conductive adhesive sheet and connecting structure |
TW201611446A (zh) * | 2014-03-31 | 2016-03-16 | Dexerials Corp | 異向性導電膜及其製造方法 |
TW201627438A (zh) * | 2014-10-28 | 2016-08-01 | Dexerials Corp | 異向性導電膜及連接構造體 |
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JP2022075723A (ja) | 2022-05-18 |
CN114907594A (zh) | 2022-08-16 |
TWI750239B (zh) | 2021-12-21 |
JP7315878B2 (ja) | 2023-07-27 |
CN109843992A (zh) | 2019-06-04 |
TW201829195A (zh) | 2018-08-16 |
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