TWI767431B - 從氣體中移除co及o之方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本發明係關於一種CO2及O2移除劑。該CO2及O2移除劑包含65至85重量百分比(wt.%)的氧化鎳(NiO)及5至20wt.%的氧化鎂(MgO),其中氧化鎳及氧化鎂的重量比(NiO/MgO)係4至11,並且其中wt.%係以該CO2及O2移除劑之重量計。
Description
本發明係關於CO2及O2(CO2/O2)移除劑及其製造方法。
例如在半導體製造程序中需要使用CO2/O2移除劑,其中使用含有氮氣、氦氣或氬氣的惰性氣體氣氛。需要移除諸如CO2及O2的活性氣體組分,以使氣體呈惰性。
WO2013109895揭示一種CO2吸附劑,該CO2吸附劑包含(i)鎂鹽,及(ii)IA族元素之至少一種鹽,其中(i)該鎂鹽及(ii)該IA族元素鹽係以約8:1至3:1之莫耳比存在。
目的在於提供一種CO2/O2移除劑,以從氣體中充分移除CO2及O2。
本發明之一態樣係關於一種CO2及O2移除劑,其包含:65至85重量百分比(wt.%)的氧化鎳(NiO)及5至20wt.%的氧化鎂(MgO),其中氧化鎳及氧化鎂的重量比(NiO/MgO)係4至11,並且其中wt.%係以該CO2及O2移除劑之重量計。
本發明之另一態樣係關於一種CO2及O2移除劑之製造方法,其包含下列步驟:混合鎳化合物及鎂化合物,並且煅燒混合物以形成CO2及O2移除劑,其中CO2及O2移除劑包含65至85重量百分比(wt.%)的氧化鎳(NiO)及5至20wt.%的氧化鎂(MgO),其中氧化鎳及氧化鎂的重量比(NiO/MgO)係4至11,並且其中wt.%係以該CO2及O2移除劑之重量計。
本發明之另一態樣係關於一種從氣體中移除CO2及O2的方法,該方法包含下列步驟:將CO2及O2移除劑放置在容器中,其中CO2及O2移除劑包含65至85重量百分比(wt.%)的氧化鎳(NiO)及5至20wt.%的氧化鎂(MgO),其中氧化鎳及氧化鎂的重量比(NiO/MgO)係4至11,並且其中wt.%係以該CO2及O2移除劑之重量計;以及使氣體通過容器。
藉由本發明可從氣體中充分移除CO2及O2。
下文說明CO2/O2移除劑及其製造方法。
CO2/O2移除劑包含65至85重量百分比(wt.%)
的氧化鎳(NiO)及5至20wt.%的氧化鎂(MgO),其係以該CO2/O2移除劑之重量計。
在一個實施例中,NiO係66.5wt.%或更高,在另一個實施例中係67.5wt.%或更高,在另一個實施例中係68.5wt.%或更高,在另一個實施例中係69wt.%或更高,在另一個實施例中係70.5wt.%或更高,在另一個實施例中係71.2wt.%或更高,其係以該CO2/O2移除劑之重量計。在一個實施例中,NiO係83.5wt.%或更低,在另一個實施例中係82.1wt.%或更低,在另一個實施例中係80.5wt.%或更低,在另一個實施例中係78.6wt.%或更低,在另一個實施例中係76wt.%或更低,在另一個實施例中係74.5wt.%或更低,其係以該CO2/O2移除劑之重量計。
在一個實施例中,MgO係5.5wt.%或更高,在另一個實施例中係6.2wt.%或更高,在另一個實施例中係7.5wt.%或更高,在另一個實施例中係7.9wt.%或更高,在另一個實施例中係8.9wt.%或更高,在另一個實施例中係9.9wt.%或更高,在另一個實施例中係10.5wt.%或更高,其係以該CO2/O2移除劑之重量計。在一個實施例中,MgO係19.2wt.%或更低,在另一個實施例中係18.1wt.%或更低,在另一個實施例中係17.5wt.%或更低,在另一個實施例中係16.3wt.%或更低,在另一個實施例中係15.5wt.%或更低,在另一個實施例中係14.8wt.%或更低,在另一個實施例中係13.2wt.%或更低,在另一個實施例中係12.5wt.%或更低,在另一個實施例中係11.1wt.
%或更低,在另一個實施例中係9.9wt.%或更低,其係以該CO2/O2移除劑之重量計。
NiO及MgO的重量比(NiO/MgO)係4至11。在一個實施例中,NiO及MgO的重量比(NiO/MgO)係4.5或更高,在另一個實施例中係5.1或更高,在另一個實施例中係5.7或更高,在另一個實施例中係6.1或更高,在另一個實施例中係6.9或更高,在另一個實施例中係7.5或更高,在另一個實施例中係8.1或更高。在另一個實施例中,NiO及MgO的重量比(NiO/MgO)係10.5或更低,在另一個實施例中係9.8或更低,在另一個實施例中係5.7或更低,在另一個實施例中係9.0或更低,在另一個實施例中係8.2或更低,在另一個實施例中係7.5或更低,在另一個實施例中係6.8或更低。包含上述重量比範圍內之NiO及MgO的CO2/O2移除劑可從氣體組成中充分移除CO2及O2兩者。
在一個實施例中,CO2/O2移除劑進一步包含其他金屬氧化物之一或多者,其他金屬氧化物係選自由氧化矽(SiO2)、氧化鋁(Al2O3)、氧化鈉(Na2O)及其混合物所組成之群組。在另一個實施例中,CO2/O2移除劑進一步包含其他金屬氧化物之一或多者,該其他金屬氧化物係選自由氧化矽(SiO2)、氧化鋁(Al2O3)及其混合物所組成之群組。
在另一個實施例中,CO2/O2移除劑包含SiO2。在一個實施例中,SiO2係1wt.%或更高,在另一個實施例中係2.2wt.%或更高,在另一個實施例中係2.9wt.
%或更高,在另一個實施例中係3.6wt.%或更高,在另一個實施例中係4.5wt.%或更高,在另一個實施例中係5.2wt.%或更高,在另一個實施例中係6.9wt.%或更高,其係以該CO2/O2移除劑之重量計。在一個實施例中,SiO2係20.0wt.%或更低,在另一個實施例中係17.2wt.%或更低,在另一個實施例中係13.5wt.%或更低,在另一個實施例中係10.3wt.%或更低,在另一個實施例中係8.5wt.%或更低,在另一個實施例中係6.4wt.%或更低,在另一個實施例中係5.2wt.%或更低,其係以該CO2/O2移除劑之重量計。
在一個實施例中,CO2/O2移除劑包含Al2O3。在一個實施例中,Al2O3係1wt.%或更高,在另一個實施例中係3.2wt.%或更高,在另一個實施例中係5.9wt.%或更高,在另一個實施例中係7.2wt.%或更高,在另一個實施例中係9.5wt.%或更高,在另一個實施例中係10.1wt.%或更高,在另一個實施例中係11.2wt.%或更高,其係以該CO2/O2移除劑之重量計。在一個實施例中,Al2O3係30wt.%或更低,在另一個實施例中係26.3wt.%或更低,在另一個實施例中係22.5wt.%或更低,在另一個實施例中係18.3wt.%或更低,在另一個實施例中係15.5wt.%或更低,在另一個實施例中係12.8wt.%或更低,在另一個實施例中係11.6wt.%或更低,其係以該CO2/O2移除劑之重量計。
在一個實施例中,CO2/O2移除劑包含鹼金屬
氧化物。在另一個實施例中,鹼金屬氧化物係選自由氧化鈉(Na2O)、氧化鉀(K2O)、氧化鋰(Li2O)及其組合所組成之群組。在另一個實施例中,鹼金屬氧化物包含氧化鈉(Na2O)。在一個實施例中,鹼金屬氧化物係0.01wt.%或更高,在另一個實施例中係0.05wt.%或更高,在另一個實施例中係0.09wt.%或更高,在另一個實施例中係0.10wt.%或更高,在另一個實施例中係0.24wt.%或更高,在另一個實施例中係0.33wt.%或更高,在另一個實施例中係0.42wt.%或更高,其係以該CO2/O2移除劑之重量計。在一個實施例中,鹼金屬氧化物係2wt.%或更低,在另一個實施例中係1.9wt.%或更低,在另一個實施例中係1.2wt.%或更低,在另一個實施例中係0.8wt.%或更低,在另一個實施例中係0.6wt.%或更低,其係以該CO2/O2移除劑之重量計。在另一個實施例中,CO2/O2移除劑不包含鹼金屬氧化物或Na2O。
本文所述之CO2/O2移除劑組成,包括表1中列出者,沒有限制;可設想的是,化學技術領域中具有通常知識者可進行些微取代或添加成分而不會實質上改變CO2/O2移除劑之所欲性質。例如,可以該CO2/O2移除劑之重量計為0.001至3.0wt.%的量單獨使用或組合使用諸如鐵(Fe)、鈣(Ca)、鈦(Ti)、鈰(Ce)、鋅(Zn)、鋯(Zr)之氧化物的取代,以獲得類似的性能。可藉由螢光X射線分析(XRF分析)判定CO2/O2移除劑組成。
CO2/O2移除劑的形狀沒有限制。CO2/O2移除
劑可係任何形狀,只要彼能產生與CO2/O2移除劑相同的移除能力及強度即可。在一個實施例中,CO2/O2移除劑係以粒子的形式存在。在另一個實施例中,CO2/O2移除劑具有柱形或球形。在一個實施例中,柱形CO2/O2移除劑的截面係選自由圓形、橢圓形、多邊形、矩形及多葉形所組成之群組。在另一個實施例中,柱形CO2/O2移除劑的截面係圓形、橢圓形或多葉形,在另一個實施例中係多葉形,在另一個實施例中係三葉形。
具有圓形截面之柱形CO2/O2移除劑10之實例示於圖1。在一個實施例中,柱形CO2/O2移除劑10的直徑12係0.5至10mm,在另一實施例中係0.8至8.7mm,在另一實施例中係1至5.7mm,在另一實施例中係1.2至3.3mm。在一個實施例中,柱形CO2/O2移除劑10的長度13係0.5至30mm,在另一實施例中係1.2至21mm,在另一實施例中係2.5至16mm,在另一實施例中係3.2至10mm。具有橢圓矩形截面(elliptic rectangular cross-section)之CO2/O2移除劑的直徑定義為長軸(major axis)。對於具有多葉形或多邊形截面的CO2/O2移除劑,其直徑定義為外接圓的直徑。具有三葉形截面之柱形CO2/O2移除劑20之實例示於圖2。柱形CO2/O2移除劑20的直徑定義為三葉形截面的外接圓21的直徑22。在一個實施例中,三葉形CO2/O2移除劑20的直徑22係0.5至10mm,在另一實施例中係0.8至8.7mm,在另一實施例中係1至5.7mm,在另一實施例中係1.2至3.3mm。在一個實施例中,三葉形CO2/O2移除劑20
的長度23係0.5至30mm,在另一實施例中係1.2至21mm,在另一實施例中係2.5至16mm,在另一實施例中係3.2至10mm。
在一個實施例中,CO2/O2移除劑係多孔的。在一個實施例中,孔體積係0.05mm3/g至5.0mm3/g。可用自動孔徑分佈測量儀器,例如來自MicrotracBEL Corporation之BELSORP-mini-II,來測量孔體積。在一個實施例中,CO2/O2移除劑的表面積(SBET)係10至1000m2/g,在另一實施例中係32至800m2/g,在另一實施例中係58至645m2/g,在另一實施例中係68至500m2/g,在另一實施例中係80至320m2/g,在另一實施例中係85至240m2/g,在另一實施例中係100至200m2/g。表面積可藉由BET法(單點法)在液氮溫度下用N2氣體吸收來測量。可使用表面積分析儀,諸如MOUNTECH Co.,Ltd.的Macsorb ® Model-1210。
在一個實施例中,CO2/O2移除劑係藉由沉澱法或乾法製成。提供Ni化合物、Mg化合物及可選的Si化合物、Al化合物及/或Na化合物。將化合物混合並煅燒以形成CO2/O2移除劑。在一個實施例中,如果添加Al化合物,則可在煅燒步驟之前或煅燒步驟之後將Al化合物添加至Ni化合物及Mg化合物的混合物中。
對於諸如Ni、Mg、Al、Si及Na的化合物之CO2/O2移除劑的原料,可使用在煅燒後提供其金屬氧化物的任何化合物。
Ni化合物可係氧化物、鹽或其混合物。在一個實施例中,Ni化合物可選自由氧化鎳、硝酸鎳、亞硝酸鎳、硫酸氫鎳及其組合所組成之群組。
Mg化合物可係氧化物、鹽或其混合物。在一個實施例中,Mg化合物可選自由氧化鎂、硝酸鎂、亞硝酸鎂、硫酸氫鎂及其組合所組成之群組。
在一個實施例中,Si化合物可選自由矽石、矽藻土、矽酸鈉及其組合所組成之群組。
在一個實施例中,Al化合物可選自由水鋁石、氧化鋁溶膠(alumina sol)及其組合所組成之群組。Al化合物亦可用作為Ni化合物及Mg化合物的黏合劑。由於Al化合物可用作沉澱物的黏合劑,因此,在另一個實施例中,Al化合物可與沉澱物單獨混合。
在一個實施例中,Na化合物可係碳酸鈉。
可透過沉澱法來混合金屬化合物,其中,在一個實施例中,製備溶解Ni化合物及Mg化合物的溶液。在另一個實施例中,Ni化合物及Mg化合物可係可溶性鹽,諸如硝酸鹽、亞硝酸鹽及硫酸氫鹽。在另一個實施例中,Ni化合物係硝酸鎳。在另一個實施例中,Mg化合物係硝酸鎂。在另一個實施例中,可添加Si化合物及/或Al化合物以溶解於溶液中。在另一個實施例中,可將Si化合物溶解於溶液中。在一個實施例中,在沉澱法中,溶液可分別製備成酸性溶液及鹼性溶液。在一個實施例中,藉由將Ni化合物及Mg化合物溶解於溶液中來製備酸性溶液。
在一個實施例中,藉由將額外的金屬化合物諸如Na化合物溶解於溶液中來製備鹼性溶液。在一個實施例中,可將Si化合物溶解於酸性溶液中。在一個實施例中,將酸性溶液增量地進料至鹼性溶液中,直到混合溶液顯示約pH 7。從混合溶液中分離出沉澱物,之後煅燒。
在一個實施例中,溶劑係水。在一個實施例中,將溶液在40℃或以上加熱1小時或以上,以產生沉澱。在一個實施例中,藉由過濾取出沉澱物。在一個實施例中,沉澱物係細粉或粗粒。在另一個實施例中,將沉澱物可選地與Si組分及/或Al組分混合。
將金屬化合物混合物煅燒。在另一個實施例中,在使金屬化合物混合物成形的步驟之後進行煅燒。在一個實施例中,煅燒溫度可係100至900℃,在另一個實施例中係120至680℃,在另一個實施例中係180至500℃,在另一個實施例中係200至400℃。在一個實施例中,煅燒時間係30分鐘或以上,在另一個實施例中係1小時以上。在一個實施例中,煅燒時間係5小時或以下,在另一個實施例中係3小時或以下。
在一個實施例中,金屬化合物的混合物可成形為所欲的形式。成形方法不受限制,但在一個實施例中,藉由擠製或模製來成形金屬化合物的混合物。
在一個實施例中,可將成形的金屬化合物混合物煅燒。
在一個實施例中,藉由暴露於氫氣來還原
CO2/O2移除劑。在一個實施例中,在300至550℃下用氣流來提供氫氣達5至30小時。還原之後,在一個實施例中,藉由例如暴露於含有O2的氣體,在CO2/O2移除劑的表面上形成用於穩定化的氧化物層。
在另一個實施例中,CO2及O2移除劑之製造方法包含下列步驟:混合鎳化合物及鎂化合物,
使鎳化合物及鎂化合物的混合物成形,並煅燒成形的混合物。
在另一個實施例中,CO2及O2移除劑之製造方法包含下列步驟:混合鎳化合物及鎂化合物,
煅燒鎳化合物及鎂化合物的混合物,並使煅燒的混合物成形。
在一個實施例中,CO2/O2移除劑亦可藉由乾法製備。在另一個實施例中,將Ni化合物及Mg化合物混合並煅燒。
CO2/O2移除劑可用於大氣中不希望有CO2及O2的任何地方。例如,將CO2/O2移除劑應用於半導體製造現場(manufacturing site)的氣體純化系統。
從氣體中移除CO2及O2之方法包含下列步驟:
將CO2及O2移除劑放置在容器中,並且使氣體通過容器。對於氣體的種類沒有限制。在一個實施例中,氣體可選自由氮氣、氦氣、氬氣及其混合物所組成之群組。在一個實施例中,氣體中的CO2含量係1000ppm或更低,在另
一個實施例中係650ppm或更低,在另一個實施例中係400ppm或更低,在另一個實施例中係100ppm或更低。在一個實施例中,氣體中的O2含量係5000ppm或更低,在另一個實施例中係3000ppm或更低,在另一個實施例中係1500ppm或更低,在另一個實施例中係800ppm或更低。在移除後之氣體中的CO2/O2濃度無論如何都低於原始氣體。在一個實施例中,在CO2移除後之氣體中的CO2含量係100ppm或更低,在另一個實施例中係50ppm或更低,在另一個實施例中係30ppm或更低,在另一個實施例中係1ppm或更低,在另一個實施例中係100ppb或更低,在另一個實施例中係50ppb或更低。在一個實施例中,氣體中的O2含量係1000ppm或更低,在另一個實施例中係250ppm或更低,在另一個實施例中係80ppm或更低,在另一個實施例中係1ppm或更低,在另一個實施例中係100ppb或更低。
10:柱形CO2/O2移除劑
12:直徑
13:長度
20:柱形CO2/O2移除劑
21:外接圓
22:直徑
23:長度
[圖1]顯示具有圓形截面的柱形CO2/O2移除劑10之實例。
[圖2]顯示具有三葉形截面之柱形CO2/O2移除劑20之實例。
實例1
藉由以下方法製備CO2/O2移除劑。藉由將
7.5kg的硝酸鎳六水合物、1.6kg的硝酸鎂六水合物及0.3kg的矽藻土溶解於14.7kg的離子交換水中來製備酸性溶液。另外,藉由將3.9kg的碳酸鈉溶解於17.4kg的純水中來製備鹼性溶液。將酸性溶液進料至鹼性溶液中,直到混合溶液顯示中性。藉由過濾及洗滌取出所產生的沉澱物。將沉澱物乾燥並在350℃下煅燒2小時。將沉澱物粉末及水鋁石以9:1(沉澱物粉末:水鋁石)的重量比混合。藉由用垂直擠製機擠製粉末混合物來形CO2/O2移除劑。如圖2中的移除劑20,CO2/O2移除劑的經擠製前驅物具有三葉形截面形狀,具有1.6mm的直徑21及約7mm的長度22。
將總體積為300cm3之CO2/O2移除劑填充在具有入口及出口的石英管(內徑40mm且長950mm)中。藉由暴露於純氫氣來還原CO2/O2移除劑。然後,氫氣在室溫下轉換為氮氣。之後,使含有氧氣的氮氣流入管中,以藉由在表面形成氧化層來穩定CO2/O2移除劑。
藉由MOUNTECH Co.,Ltd的Macsorb® Model-1210測量之表面積SABET係150m2/g。
藉由X射線螢光光譜儀(XRF,Supermini-200,RIGAKU Corporation)分析所形成的CO2/O2移除劑的組成,結果顯示於表1中。
實例2
以與實例1相同的方式形成CO2/O2移除劑,不同之處在於硝酸鎂六水合物的量係2.43kg,而矽藻土的
量係0.14kg。
表面積SABET係150m2/g。
比較實例1
以與實例1相同的方式形成CO2/O2移除劑,不同之處在於使用不同量的原料導致移除劑的化學組成不同。CO2/O2移除劑的組成顯示於表1中。表面積SABET係150m2/g。
測量
CO2移除量
在石英管(內徑20mm,高度500mm)中裝入總體積為40cm3之上述各自獲得的CO2/O2移除劑。管在頂部具有入口,在底部具有出口。進行還原以移除氧化物層。還原CO2/O2移除劑後,30ppm CO2氣體(CO2/N2)以約3,500h-1的空間速度從入口通過CO2/O2移除劑流向出口。當出口處的CO2濃度從零增加至0.5ppm時,停止CO2氣流。
用具有火焰離子偵測器(FID)及甲烷轉換器(methanizer)(GC-8A/MTN-1,SHIMADZU CORPORATION)的氣相層析分析儀測量出口氣體的CO2濃度。
O2移除量
200ppm O2氣體(空氣/N2)以約3,500h-1的SV
從入口通過CO2/O2移除劑流向出口。當出口處的O2濃度從零增加至7.0ppm時,停止O2氣流。用微量氧分析儀(Model 1000-RS,Advanced Micro Instruments,Inc.)測量出口氣體的O2濃度。
藉由以下方程式計算CO2吸收及O2吸收。
CO2移除(m3/kg)=CO2氣體流速(m3/h)x CO2氣流時間(h)x
CO2濃度30ppm/移除劑重量(kg)
O2移除(m3/kg)=O2氣體流速(m3/h)x O2氣流時間(h)x
O2濃度200ppm/移除劑重量(kg)
結果顯示於下表1中。在實例(Ex.)1及2中,CO2的移除量足以超過1.6x10-3m3/kg,而O2的移除量足以超過20x10-3m3/kg。在比較例(Com.Ex.)1中,O2的移除量不足14x10-3m3/kg。
10:柱形CO2/O2移除劑
12:直徑
13:長度
Claims (7)
- 一種從氣體中移除CO2及O2之方法,其包含下列步驟:將CO2及O2移除劑放置在容器中,其中該CO2及O2移除劑包含65至85重量百分比(wt.%)的氧化鎳(NiO)及5至20wt.%的氧化鎂(MgO),其中該氧化鎳及該氧化鎂的重量比(NiO/MgO)係4至11,以及其中該wt.%係以該CO2及O2移除劑之重量計;以及使該氣體通過該容器。
- 如請求項1之方法,其中該CO2及O2移除劑進一步包含其他金屬氧化物之一或多者,該其他金屬氧化物係選自由氧化鋁(Al2O3)、氧化矽(SiO2)、鹼金屬氧化物及其混合物所組成之群組。
- 如請求項1之方法,其中該CO2及O2移除劑進一步包含1至30wt.%的氧化鋁(Al2O3),其係以該CO2及O2移除劑之重量計。
- 如請求項1之方法,其中該CO2及O2移除劑進一步包含1至20wt.%的氧化矽(SiO2),其係以該CO2及O2移除劑之重量計。
- 如請求項1之方法,其中該CO2及O2移除劑進一步包含0.01至2wt.%的鹼金屬氧化物,其係以該CO2及O2移除劑之重量計。
- 如請求項1之方法,其中該CO2及O2移除劑不包含鹼金屬氧化物。
- 如請求項1之方法,其中該CO2及O2移除劑的比表面積(SBET)係10至1000m2/g。
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