TWI730443B - 聚氨基甲酸酯預聚物組合物、聚氨基甲酸酯彈性體及其製造方法 - Google Patents

聚氨基甲酸酯預聚物組合物、聚氨基甲酸酯彈性體及其製造方法 Download PDF

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TWI730443B
TWI730443B TW108136577A TW108136577A TWI730443B TW I730443 B TWI730443 B TW I730443B TW 108136577 A TW108136577 A TW 108136577A TW 108136577 A TW108136577 A TW 108136577A TW I730443 B TWI730443 B TW I730443B
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diisocyanate
prepolymer
polyol
polymer
polyurethane
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TW202115146A (zh
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林文信
莊富盛
謝正鴻
高進賢
陳正全
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立大化工股份有限公司
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Priority to CN201911076775.6A priority patent/CN112625203B/zh
Priority to US16/878,820 priority patent/US20210108020A1/en
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Abstract

本揭露提供一種聚氨基甲酸酯預聚物組合物,包括:第一預聚物,包括多元醇與二異氰酸酯,其中該多元醇的兩端連接該等二異氰酸酯;第二預聚物,包括二異氰酸酯單體;以及第三預聚物,包括第一二異氰酸酯、多元醇、以及第二二異氰酸酯,其中該第一二異氰酸酯的兩端連接該等多元醇,且該等多元醇的另一端連接該等第二二異氰酸酯。本揭露另提供一種聚氨基甲酸酯彈性體及其製造方法。

Description

聚氨基甲酸酯預聚物組合物、聚氨基甲酸酯彈性體及其製造方法
本揭露係有關於一種聚氨基甲酸酯彈性體(PU elastomer),特別是有關於一種具有高剛性與高彈性回復的聚氨基甲酸酯彈性體。
輪胎主要的結構分為外層橡膠胎面、結構支撐spoke (Web)層以及內層結構,其中spoke (web)層即為非充氣層。此非充氣層使用的材料為反應灌注型聚氨酯(PU)樹脂。目前已有眾多廠家投入聚氨酯樹脂應用於非充氣輪胎的研究。
理想的PU彈性體為軟鏈段與硬鏈段各自排列整齊,軟鏈段長度均一且能快速變形,硬鏈段規則排列,且能形成緊密結構,並與軟鏈段間有微相分離的情形發生,而具有高彈性與高度之結晶性,挺性(剛性)佳,然而,在實務上卻很難達成。
一般而言,大部份形成的彈性體均為非理想的彈性體,意即彈性體中的硬鏈段排列不整齊或不足,易受力的破壞,且同時造成軟鏈段的排列變差,軟鏈段結構鬆散,而無法達到高回彈的目的。或者,軟鏈段過長或不足,過長的軟鏈段雖使形成的材料有高度的回彈性,然而,其剛性卻不佳,而軟鏈段不足或雜亂排列時,彈性亦不佳。
因此,開發一種同時具有高剛性與高彈性回復的聚氨基甲酸酯彈性體是眾所期待的。
根據本揭露的一實施例,提供一種聚氨基甲酸酯預聚物組合物,包括:第一預聚物,包括多元醇與二異氰酸酯,其中該多元醇的兩端連接該等二異氰酸酯;第二預聚物,包括二異氰酸酯單體;以及第三預聚物,包括第一二異氰酸酯、多元醇、以及第二二異氰酸酯,其中該第一二異氰酸酯的兩端連接該等多元醇,且該等多元醇的另一端連接該等第二二異氰酸酯。
在部分實施例中,該多元醇(polyol)包括聚四亞甲基醚二醇(polytetramethylene ether glycol,PTMEG)、聚丙二醇(polypropylene glycol,PPG)、聚乙二醇(polyethylene glycol,PEG)、聚碳酸酯二醇(polycarbonate diol,PCDL)、聚己內酯二醇(polycaprolactone diol,PCLDL)、或乙基氧-丙基共聚二醇(ethylene oxide-propylene oxide (EO-PO) copolymer diol)。
在部分實施例中,該第一預聚物的該二異氰酸酯、該第二預聚物的該二異氰酸酯單體、以及該第三預聚物的該第一二異氰酸酯與該第二二異氰酸酯包括二苯基甲烷二異氰酸酯(methylenediphenyl diisocyanate,MDI)、氫化1,4-二甲苯二異氰酸酯(hydrogenated 1,4-xylylene diisocyanate,1,4-H6XDI)、二甲苯二異氰酸酯(xylylene diisocyanate,XDI)、對苯二異氰酸酯(1,4-phenylene diisocyanate,PPDI)、甲苯二異氰酸酯(tolylene diisocyanate,TDI)、六亞甲基二異氰酸酯(hexamethylene diisocyanate,HDI)、異佛爾酮二異氰酸酯(isophorone diisocyanate,IPDI)、二環己基甲烷二異氰酸酯(4,4’-methylene dicyclohexyl diisocyanate,H12MDI)、三甲基六亞甲基二異氰酸酯(trimethyl hexamethylene diisocyanate,TMDI)、萘二異氰酸酯(1,5-naphthalene diisocyanate,NDI)、或二甲基聯苯二異氰酸酯(3’-dimethylbiphenyl-4,4’-diyl diisocyanate,TODI)。
在部分實施例中,該第三預聚物於該聚氨基甲酸酯預聚物組合物中的比例介於0-65%之間。在部分實施例中,該第三預聚物於該聚氨基甲酸酯預聚物組合物中的比例介於10-20%之間。
根據本揭露的一實施例,提供一種聚氨基甲酸酯彈性體,包括:第一高分子,包括複數個軟鏈段與複數個硬鏈段,彼此交替排列,其中該軟鏈段由上述的該第一預聚物的該多元醇所構成,該硬鏈段由鏈延長劑、該第一預聚物的該二異氰酸酯、以及該第二預聚物的該二異氰酸酯單體所構成,且該軟鏈段與該硬鏈段以醯胺鍵連接;以及第二高分子,與該第一高分子相鄰排列,該第二高分子包括複數個軟鏈段與複數個硬鏈段,彼此交替排列,其中該軟鏈段由上述的該第三預聚物的該第一二異氰酸酯與該等多元醇所構成,該硬鏈段由鏈延長劑、該第三預聚物的該第二二異氰酸酯、以及該第二預聚物的該二異氰酸酯單體所構成,且該軟鏈段與該硬鏈段以醯胺鍵連接,其中該第一高分子的該軟鏈段與該第二高分子的該軟鏈段之間形成有氫鍵鍵結。
在部分實施例中,該鏈延長劑包括二醇類化合物。在部分實施例中,該鏈延長劑包括乙二醇(ethylene alcohol,EG)、丙二醇(propylene alcohol,PG)、1,4丁二醇(1.4-butylene alcohol,1.4-BDO)、1,3丁二醇(1.3-butylene alcohol,1.3-BDO)、1,6己二醇(1,6-hexanediol,1,6-HD)、二乙二醇(diethylene glycol,DEG)、3-甲基-2,5-戊二醇(3-methyl-2,5-pentadiol,MPD)、或二丙二醇(diethylene glycol,DPG)。
在部分實施例中,該第二高分子於該聚氨基甲酸酯彈性體中的比例介於0-60%之間。在部分實施例中,該第二高分子於該聚氨基甲酸酯彈性體中的比例介於10-20%之間。
根據本揭露的一實施例,提供一種聚氨基甲酸酯彈性體的製造方法,包括:混合多元醇與二異氰酸酯,以形成第一多元醇,其中該二異氰酸酯的兩端連接該等多元醇;混合多元醇、二異氰酸酯、以及該第一多元醇,以形成聚氨基甲酸酯預聚物組合物,其中該聚氨基甲酸酯預聚物組合物包括第一預聚物、第二預聚物、以及第三預聚物,該第一預聚物包括該多元醇與其兩端連接的該等二異氰酸酯,該第二預聚物包括該二異氰酸酯,該第三預聚物包括該第一多元醇與其兩端連接的該等二異氰酸酯;以及加入鏈延長劑,以形成聚氨基甲酸酯彈性體,其中該聚氨基甲酸酯彈性體包括第一高分子以及與該第一高分子相鄰排列的第二高分子,該第一高分子包括複數個軟鏈段與複數個硬鏈段,彼此交替排列,其中該軟鏈段由該第一預聚物的該多元醇所構成,該硬鏈段由該鏈延長劑、該第一預聚物的該二異氰酸酯、以及該第二預聚物的該二異氰酸酯所構成,且該軟鏈段與該硬鏈段以醯胺鍵連接,該第二高分子包括複數個軟鏈段與複數個硬鏈段,彼此交替排列,其中該軟鏈段由該第三預聚物的該第一多元醇所構成,該硬鏈段由該鏈延長劑、該第三預聚物的該二異氰酸酯、以及該第二預聚物的該二異氰酸酯所構成,且該軟鏈段與該硬鏈段以醯胺鍵連接,其中該第一高分子的該軟鏈段與該第二高分子的該軟鏈段之間形成氫鍵鍵結。
本發明為了兼顧高剛性與高彈性回復,在高結晶性的硬鏈段(hard domain)形成之前,先對軟鏈段(soft domain)的部分進行結構設計,以在彈性體的形成過程中產生軟鏈段間的次交聯結構,以有效避免軟鏈段結構鬆散、排列變差。本發明在軟鏈段部分利用特殊的分子結構設計,例如於軟鏈段之間形成氫鍵、或利用多官能基化、化學交聯、物理交聯(例如產生凡得瓦爾力)等方式來維持軟、硬鏈段的規則排列、提升彈性體的硬度、剛性並使反撥回彈性維持相當的程度。
根據本揭露的一實施例,提供一種聚氨基甲酸酯預聚物組合物,包括:第一預聚物,包括多元醇與二異氰酸酯,其中多元醇的兩端連接二異氰酸酯;第二預聚物,包括二異氰酸酯單體;以及第三預聚物,包括第一二異氰酸酯、多元醇、以及第二二異氰酸酯,其中第一二異氰酸酯的兩端連接多元醇,且多元醇的另一端連接第二二異氰酸酯。
在部分實施例中,多元醇(polyol)可包括聚四亞甲基醚二醇(polytetramethylene ether glycol,PTMEG)、聚丙二醇(polypropylene glycol,PPG)、聚乙二醇(polyethylene glycol,PEG)、聚碳酸酯二醇(polycarbonate diol,PCDL)、聚己內酯二醇(polycaprolactone diol,PCLDL)、或乙基氧-丙基共聚二醇(ethylene oxide-propylene oxide (EO-PO) copolymer diol)。
在部分實施例中,第一預聚物的二異氰酸酯、第二預聚物的二異氰酸酯單體、以及第三預聚物的第一二異氰酸酯與第二二異氰酸酯可包括二苯基甲烷二異氰酸酯(methylenediphenyl diisocyanate,MDI)、氫化1,4-二甲苯二異氰酸酯(hydrogenated 1,4-xylylene diisocyanate,1,4-H6XDI)、二甲苯二異氰酸酯(xylylene diisocyanate,XDI)、對苯二異氰酸酯(1,4-phenylene diisocyanate,PPDI)、甲苯二異氰酸酯(tolylene diisocyanate,TDI)、六亞甲基二異氰酸酯(hexamethylene diisocyanate,HDI)、異佛爾酮二異氰酸酯(isophorone diisocyanate,IPDI)、二環己基甲烷二異氰酸酯(4,4’-methylene dicyclohexyl diisocyanate,H12MDI)、三甲基六亞甲基二異氰酸酯(trimethyl hexamethylene diisocyanate,TMDI)、萘二異氰酸酯(1,5-naphthalene diisocyanate,NDI)、或二甲基聯苯二異氰酸酯(3’-dimethylbiphenyl-4,4’-diyl diisocyanate,TODI)。
在部分實施例中,第三預聚物於聚氨基甲酸酯預聚物組合物中的比例大約介於0-65%之間。在部分實施例中,第三預聚物於聚氨基甲酸酯預聚物組合物中的比例大約介於10-20%之間。
根據本揭露的一實施例,提供一種聚氨基甲酸酯彈性體,包括:第一高分子,包括複數個軟鏈段與複數個硬鏈段,彼此交替排列,其中軟鏈段由上述的第一預聚物的多元醇所構成,硬鏈段由鏈延長劑、第一預聚物的二異氰酸酯、以及第二預聚物的二異氰酸酯單體所構成,且軟鏈段與硬鏈段以醯胺鍵連接;以及第二高分子,與第一高分子相鄰排列,第二高分子包括複數個軟鏈段與複數個硬鏈段,彼此交替排列,其中軟鏈段由上述的第三預聚物的第一二異氰酸酯與多元醇所構成,硬鏈段由鏈延長劑、第三預聚物的第二二異氰酸酯、以及第二預聚物的二異氰酸酯單體所構成,且軟鏈段與硬鏈段以醯胺鍵連接,其中第一高分子的軟鏈段與第二高分子的軟鏈段之間形成有氫鍵鍵結。
在部分實施例中,鏈延長劑可包括二醇類化合物。在部分實施例中,該鏈延長劑包括乙二醇(ethylene alcohol,EG)、丙二醇(propylene alcohol,PG)、1,4丁二醇(1.4-butylene alcohol,1.4-BDO)、1,3丁二醇(1.3-butylene alcohol,1.3-BDO)、1,6己二醇(1,6-hexanediol,1,6-HD)、二乙二醇(diethylene glycol,DEG)、3-甲基-2,5-戊二醇(3-methyl-2,5-pentadiol,MPD)、或二丙二醇(diethylene glycol,DPG)。
在部分實施例中,第二高分子於聚氨基甲酸酯彈性體中的比例大約介於 0-60%之間。在部分實施例中,第二高分子於聚氨基甲酸酯彈性體中的比例大約介於10-20%之間。
根據本揭露的一實施例,提供一種聚氨基甲酸酯彈性體的製造方法,包括:混合多元醇與二異氰酸酯,以形成第一多元醇,其中二異氰酸酯的兩端連接多元醇;混合多元醇、二異氰酸酯、以及第一多元醇,以形成聚氨基甲酸酯預聚物組合物,其中聚氨基甲酸酯預聚物組合物包括第一預聚物、第二預聚物、以及第三預聚物,第一預聚物包括多元醇與其兩端連接的二異氰酸酯,第二預聚物包括二異氰酸酯,第三預聚物包括第一多元醇與其兩端連接的二異氰酸酯;以及加入鏈延長劑,以形成聚氨基甲酸酯彈性體,其中聚氨基甲酸酯彈性體包括第一高分子以及與第一高分子相鄰排列的第二高分子,第一高分子包括複數個軟鏈段與複數個硬鏈段,彼此交替排列,其中軟鏈段由第一預聚物的多元醇所構成,硬鏈段由鏈延長劑、第一預聚物的二異氰酸酯、以及第二預聚物的二異氰酸酯所構成,且軟鏈段與硬鏈段以醯胺鍵連接,第二高分子包括複數個軟鏈段與複數個硬鏈段,彼此交替排列,其中軟鏈段由第三預聚物的第一多元醇所構成,硬鏈段由鏈延長劑、第三預聚物的二異氰酸酯、以及第二預聚物的二異氰酸酯所構成,且軟鏈段與硬鏈段以醯胺鍵連接,其中第一高分子的軟鏈段與第二高分子的軟鏈段之間形成氫鍵鍵結。
實施例/比較例
實施例1
多元醇A的製備
首先,於反應槽中加入1,000克的聚四亞甲基醚二醇(polytetramethylene ether glycol,PTMEG)(Ohv=109.34,Mw/Mn=1.3-1.5),升溫至85°C。之後,加入121.8克的二苯基甲烷二異氰酸酯(methylenediphenyl diisocyanate,MDI)進行反應,直至無二異氰酸酯殘留,即完成多元醇A (由二苯基甲烷二異氰酸酯(MDI)的兩端連接聚四亞甲基醚二醇(PTMEG)所構成)的製備。
實施例2
多元醇B的製備
首先,於反應槽中加入1,000克的聚四亞甲基醚二醇(polytetramethylene ether glycol,PTMEG)(Ohv=109.34,Mw/Mn=1.3-1.5),升溫至85°C。之後,加入94.5克的氫化1,4-二甲苯二異氰酸酯(hydrogenated 1,4-xylylene diisocyanate,1,4-H6XDI)進行反應,直至無二異氰酸酯殘留,即完成多元醇B (由氫化1,4-二甲苯二異氰酸酯(1,4-H6XDI)的兩端連接聚四亞甲基醚二醇(PTMEG)所構成)的製備。
實施例3
多元醇C的製備
首先,於反應槽中加入1,000克的聚四亞甲基醚二醇(polytetramethylene ether glycol,PTMEG)(Ohv=109.34,Mw/Mn=1.3-1.5),升溫至95°C。之後,加入78.03克的對苯二異氰酸酯(1,4-phenylene diisocyanate,PPDI)進行反應,直至無二異氰酸酯殘留,即完成多元醇C (由對苯二異氰酸酯(PPDI)的兩端連接聚四亞甲基醚二醇(PTMEG)所構成)的製備。
實施例4
預聚物A的製備
在氮氣環境下,於反應槽中加入269克的二苯基甲烷二異氰酸酯(MDI),升溫至50°C,攪拌30分鐘。之後,依次投入363.6克的聚四亞甲基醚二醇(polytetramethylene ether glycol,PTMEG)(Ohv=56,Mw/Mn=2.0-2.3)、122.72克的多元醇 A、以及36.36克的聚己內酯二醇(polycaprolactone diol,PCLDL)(Ohv=56,CAPA7201A/Perstorp),於60°C進行反應,直至NCO=8.7%,即完成預聚物A (包括聚四亞甲基醚二醇(PTMEG)的兩端連接二苯基甲烷二異氰酸酯(MDI)的預聚物、聚己內酯二醇(PCLDL)的兩端連接二苯基甲烷二異氰酸酯(MDI)的預聚物、二苯基甲烷二異氰酸酯(MDI)單體、以及多元醇 A的兩端連接二苯基甲烷二異氰酸酯(MDI)的預聚物)的製備。
實施例5
預聚物B的製備
在氮氣環境下,於反應槽中加入269克的二苯基甲烷二異氰酸酯(MDI),升溫至50°C,攪拌30分鐘。之後,依次投入363.6克的聚四亞甲基醚二醇(polytetramethylene ether glycol,PTMEG)(Ohv=56,Mw/Mn=2.0-2.3)、122.72克的多元醇 B、以及36.36克的聚己內酯二醇(polycaprolactone diol,PCLDL)(Ohv=56,CAPA7201A/Perstorp),於60°C進行反應,直至NCO=8.71%,即完成預聚物B (包括聚四亞甲基醚二醇(PTMEG)的兩端連接二苯基甲烷二異氰酸酯(MDI)的預聚物、聚己內酯二醇(PCLDL)的兩端連接二苯基甲烷二異氰酸酯(MDI)的預聚物、二苯基甲烷二異氰酸酯(MDI)單體、以及多元醇B的兩端連接二苯基甲烷二異氰酸酯(MDI)的預聚物)的製備。
實施例6
預聚物C的製備
在氮氣環境下,於反應槽中加入270克的二苯基甲烷二異氰酸酯(MDI),升溫至50°C,攪拌30分鐘。之後,依次投入363.6克的聚四亞甲基醚二醇(polytetramethylene ether glycol,PTMEG)(Ohv=56,Mw/Mn=2.0-2.3)、123克的多元醇 C、以及36.36克的聚己內酯二醇(polycaprolactone diol,PCLDL)(Ohv=56,CAPA7201A/Perstorp),於60°C進行反應,直至NCO=8.7%,即完成預聚物C (包括聚四亞甲基醚二醇(PTMEG)的兩端連接二苯基甲烷二異氰酸酯(MDI)的預聚物、聚己內酯二醇(PCLDL)的兩端連接二苯基甲烷二異氰酸酯(MDI)的預聚物、二苯基甲烷二異氰酸酯(MDI)單體、以及多元醇C的兩端連接二苯基甲烷二異氰酸酯(MDI)的預聚物)的製備。
比較例1
預聚物D的製備
在氮氣環境下,於反應槽中加入259克的二苯基甲烷二異氰酸酯(MDI),升溫至50°C,攪拌30分鐘。之後,投入500克的聚己內酯二醇(polycaprolactone diol,PCLDL)(Ohv=56,CAPA7201A/Perstorp),於60°C進行反應,直至NCO=8.7%,即完成預聚物D (包括聚己內酯二醇(PCLDL)的兩端連接二苯基甲烷二異氰酸酯(MDI)的預聚物)的製備。
實施例7
聚氨基甲酸酯彈性體A的製備
首先,100克的預聚物A於70°C真空脫泡直至無泡。之後,加入8.65克的鏈延長劑(1,4-BDO)並攪拌混合均勻。之後,將上述混合物分別灌入2mm及11mm的膜具中,置於116°C的烘箱中烘烤2小時,之後,再移至100°C的烘箱中烘烤16小時,即完成聚氨基甲酸酯彈性體A的製備。將彈性體A取出置於室溫4周,進行相關物性檢測(包括硬度、反撥回彈性、剛性(100%模量、300%模量)、抗張強度等),結果如表1所示。
實施例8
聚氨基甲酸酯彈性體B的製備
首先,100克的預聚物B於70°C真空脫泡直至無泡。之後,加入8.78克的鏈延長劑(1,4-BDO)並攪拌混合均勻。之後,將上述混合物分別灌入2mm及11mm的膜具中,置於116°C的烘箱中烘烤2小時,之後,再移至100°C的烘箱中烘烤16小時,即完成聚氨基甲酸酯彈性體B的製備。將彈性體B取出置於室溫4周,進行相關物性檢測(包括硬度、反撥回彈性、剛性(100%模量、300%模量)、抗張強度等),結果如表1所示。
實施例9
聚氨基甲酸酯彈性體C的製備
首先,100克的預聚物C於70°C真空脫泡直至無泡。之後,加入8.79克的鏈延長劑(1,4-BDO)並攪拌混合均勻。之後,將上述混合物分別灌入2mm及11mm的膜具中,置於116°C的烘箱中烘烤2小時,之後,再移至100°C的烘箱中烘烤16小時,即完成聚氨基甲酸酯彈性體C的製備。將彈性體C取出置於室溫4周,進行相關物性檢測(包括硬度、反撥回彈性、剛性(100%模量、300%模量)、抗張強度等),結果如表1所示。
比較例2
聚氨基甲酸酯彈性體D的製備
首先,100克的預聚物D於70°C真空脫泡直至無泡。之後,加入8.79克的鏈延長劑(1,4-BDO)並攪拌混合均勻。之後,將上述混合物分別灌入2mm及11mm的膜具中,置於116°C的烘箱中烘烤2小時,之後,再移至100°C的烘箱中烘烤16小時,即完成聚氨基甲酸酯彈性體D的製備。將彈性體D取出置於室溫4周,進行相關物性檢測(包括硬度、反撥回彈性、剛性(100%模量、300%模量)、抗張強度等),結果如表1所示。
依ASTM D2244進行硬度(Shore A)檢測。依ASTM D2632進行反撥回彈性(Bashore Rebound %)檢測。依ASTM D-412進行100%模量與300%模量檢測。依ASTM D-412進行抗張強度檢測。 表1
PU彈性體 市售 A B C D
預聚物種類 B836 預聚物A 預聚物B 預聚物C 預聚物D
鏈延長劑 1,4-BDO 1,4-BDO 1,4-BDO 1,4-BDO 1,4-BDO
NCO% 8.79 8.5 8.63 8.64 8.64
預聚物 重量(克) 100 100 100 100 100
鏈延長劑 重量(克) 8.94 8.65 8.78 8.79 8.79
預聚物/鏈延長劑當量比例(%) 100/95 100/95 100/95 100/95 100/95
物性          
硬度(A) 92 95 91 92 91
反撥回彈性(%) 61 60 62 58 57
100%模量 (M1)(kgf/cm 2) 97 130 92 98 80
300%模量 (M3)(kgf/cm 2) 213 263 165 205 134
抗張強度(TS)(kgf/cm 2) 392 374 293 420 268
根據表1的檢測數據,同時請參閱第1圖,由預聚物A所製備的PU彈性體A,由於該彈性體的第一高分子10的聚己內酯二醇(PCLDL)的C=O鍵與第二高分子12的多元醇A的N-H鍵之間形成有氫鍵鍵結14 (即軟鏈段之間的次交聯結構),因此PU彈性體A的剛性(100%模量、300%模量)明顯較市售的PU彈性體提升許多,且能維持相當的反撥回彈性。反之,由預聚物D所製備的PU彈性體D,由於在該彈性體中未能形成軟鏈段之間的次交聯結構,造成軟鏈段結構鬆散、排列變差,因此PU彈性體D的剛性(100%模量、300%模量)明顯較市售的PU彈性體下降許多,且反撥回彈性亦不佳。
本發明為了兼顧高剛性與高彈性回復,在高結晶性的硬鏈段(hard domain)形成之前,先對軟鏈段(soft domain)的部分進行結構設計,以在彈性體的形成過程中產生軟鏈段間的次交聯結構,以有效避免軟鏈段結構鬆散、排列變差。本發明在軟鏈段部分利用特殊的分子結構設計,例如於軟鏈段之間形成氫鍵、或利用多官能基化、化學交聯、物理交聯(例如產生凡得瓦爾力)等方式來維持軟、硬鏈段的規則排列、提升彈性體的硬度、剛性並使反撥回彈性維持相當的程度。
上述實施例之特徵有利於本技術領域中具有通常知識者理解本發明。本技術領域中具有通常知識者應理解可採用本發明作基礎,設計並變化其他製程與結構以完成上述實施例之相同目的及/或相同優點。本技術領域中具有通常知識者亦應理解,這些等效置換並未脫離本發明精神與範疇,並可在未脫離本發明之精神與範疇的前提下進行改變、替換、或更動。
10  第一高分子 12  第二高分子 14  氫鍵鍵結
第1圖係根據本發明的一實施例,顯示聚氨基甲酸酯彈性體中高分子軟鏈段間的氫鍵鍵結。
10  第一高分子 12  第二高分子 14  氫鍵鍵結

Claims (10)

  1. 一種聚氨基甲酸酯預聚物組合物,包括:第一預聚物,包括多元醇與二異氰酸酯,其中該多元醇的兩端連接該等二異氰酸酯;第二預聚物,包括二異氰酸酯單體;以及第三預聚物,包括第一二異氰酸酯、多元醇、以及第二二異氰酸酯,其中該第一二異氰酸酯的兩端連接該等多元醇,且該等多元醇的另一端連接該等第二二異氰酸酯,其中該第三預聚物於該聚氨基甲酸酯預聚物組合物中的比例介於10-20%之間。
  2. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的聚氨基甲酸酯預聚物組合物,其中該多元醇包括聚四亞甲基醚二醇(polytetramethylene ether glycol,PTMEG)、聚丙二醇(polypropylene glycol,PPG)、聚乙二醇(polyethylene glycol,PEG)、聚碳酸酯二醇(polycarbonate diol,PCDL)、聚己內酯二醇(polycaprolactone diol,PCLDL)、或乙基氧-丙基共聚二醇(ethylene oxide-propylene oxide(EO-PO)copolymer diol)。
  3. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的聚氨基甲酸酯預聚物組合物,其中該第一預聚物的該二異氰酸酯、該第二預聚物的該二異氰酸酯單體、以及該第三預聚物的該第一二異氰酸酯與該第二二異氰酸酯包括二苯基甲烷二異氰酸酯(methylenediphenyl diisocyanate,MDI)、氫化1,4-二甲苯二異氰酸酯(hydrogenated 1,4-xylylene diisocyanate,1,4-H6XDI)、二甲苯二異氰酸酯 (xylylene diisocyanate,XDI)、對苯二異氰酸酯(1,4-phenylene diisocyanate,PPDI)、甲苯二異氰酸酯(tolylene diisocyanate,TDI)、六亞甲基二異氰酸酯(hexamethylene diisocyanate,HDI)、異佛爾酮二異氰酸酯(isophorone diisocyanate,IPDI)、二環己基甲烷二異氰酸酯(4,4’-methylene dicyclohexyl diisocyanate,H12MDI)、三甲基六亞甲基二異氰酸酯(trimethyl hexamethylene diisocyanate,TMDI)、萘二異氰酸酯(1,5-naphthalene diisocyanate,NDI)、或二甲基聯苯二異氰酸酯(3’-dimethylbiphenyl-4,4’-diyl diisocyanate,TODI)。
  4. 一種聚氨基甲酸酯彈性體,包括:第一高分子,包括複數個軟鏈段與複數個硬鏈段,彼此交替排列,其中該軟鏈段由如申請專利範圍第1項所述的該第一預聚物的該多元醇所構成,該硬鏈段由鏈延長劑、該第一預聚物的該二異氰酸酯、以及該第二預聚物的該二異氰酸酯單體所構成,且該軟鏈段與該硬鏈段以醯胺鍵連接;以及第二高分子,與該第一高分子相鄰排列,該第二高分子包括複數個軟鏈段與複數個硬鏈段,彼此交替排列,其中該軟鏈段由如申請專利範圍第1項所述的該第三預聚物的該第一二異氰酸酯與該等多元醇所構成,該硬鏈段由鏈延長劑、該第三預聚物的該第二二異氰酸酯、以及該第二預聚物的該二異氰酸酯單體所構成,且該軟鏈段與該硬鏈段以醯胺鍵連接,其中該第二高分子於該聚氨基甲酸酯彈性體中的比例介於10-20%之間,且該第一高分子的該軟鏈段與該第 二高分子的該軟鏈段之間形成有氫鍵鍵結。
  5. 如申請專利範圍第4項所述的聚氨基甲酸酯彈性體,其中該鏈延長劑包括二醇類化合物。
  6. 如申請專利範圍第5項所述的聚氨基甲酸酯彈性體,其中該鏈延長劑包括乙二醇(ethylene alcohol,EG)、丙二醇(propylene alcohol,PG)、1,4丁二醇(1.4-butylene alcohol,1.4-BDO)、1,3丁二醇(1.3-butylene alcohol,1.3-BDO)、1,6己二醇(1,6-hexanediol,1,6-HD)、二乙二醇(diethylene glycol,DEG)、3-甲基-2,5-戊二醇(3-methyl-2,5-pentadiol,MPD)、或二丙二醇(diethylene glycol,DPG)。
  7. 一種聚氨基甲酸酯彈性體的製造方法,包括:混合多元醇與二異氰酸酯,以形成第一多元醇,其中該二異氰酸酯的兩端連接該等多元醇;混合多元醇、二異氰酸酯、以及該第一多元醇,以形成聚氨基甲酸酯預聚物組合物,其中該聚氨基甲酸酯預聚物組合物包括第一預聚物、第二預聚物、以及第三預聚物,該第一預聚物包括該多元醇與其兩端連接的該等二異氰酸酯,該第二預聚物包括該二異氰酸酯,該第三預聚物包括該第一多元醇與其兩端連接的該等二異氰酸酯;以及加入鏈延長劑,以形成聚氨基甲酸酯彈性體,其中該聚氨基甲酸酯彈性體包括第一高分子以及與該第一高分子相鄰排列的第二高分子,該第一高分子包括複數個軟鏈段與複數個硬鏈段,彼此交替排 列,其中該軟鏈段由該第一預聚物的該多元醇所構成,該硬鏈段由該鏈延長劑、該第一預聚物的該二異氰酸酯、以及該第二預聚物的該二異氰酸酯所構成,且該軟鏈段與該硬鏈段以醯胺鍵連接,該第二高分子包括複數個軟鏈段與複數個硬鏈段,彼此交替排列,其中該軟鏈段由該第三預聚物的該第一多元醇所構成,該硬鏈段由該鏈延長劑、該第三預聚物的該二異氰酸酯、以及該第二預聚物的該二異氰酸酯所構成,且該軟鏈段與該硬鏈段以醯胺鍵連接,其中該第一高分子的該軟鏈段與該第二高分子的該軟鏈段之間形成氫鍵鍵結。
  8. 如申請專利範圍第7項所述的聚氨基甲酸酯彈性體的製造方法,其中該多元醇包括聚四亞甲基醚二醇(polytetramethylene ether glycol,PTMEG)、聚丙二醇(polypropylene glycol,PPG)、聚乙二醇(polyethylene glycol,PEG)、聚碳酸酯二醇(polycarbonate diol,PCDL)、聚己內酯二醇(polycaprolactone diol,PCLDL)、或乙基氧-丙基共聚二醇(ethylene oxide-propylene oxide(EO-PO)copolymer diol)。
  9. 如申請專利範圍第7項所述的聚氨基甲酸酯彈性體的製造方法,其中該二異氰酸酯包括二苯基甲烷二異氰酸酯(methylenediphenyl diisocyanate,MDI)、氫化1,4-二甲苯二異氰酸酯(hydrogenated 1,4-xylylene diisocyanate,1,4-H6XDI)、二甲苯二異氰酸酯(xylylene diisocyanate,XDI)、對苯二異氰酸酯(1,4-phenylene diisocyanate,PPDI)、甲苯二異氰酸酯(tolylene diisocyanate,TDI)、六亞甲基二異氰酸酯 (hexamethylene diisocyanate,HDI)、異佛爾酮二異氰酸酯(isophorone diisocyanate,IPDI)、二環己基甲烷二異氰酸酯(4,4’-methylene dicyclohexyl diisocyanate,H12MDI)、三甲基六亞甲基二異氰酸酯(trimethyl hexamethylene diisocyanate,TMDI)、萘二異氰酸酯(1,5-naphthalene diisocyanate,NDI)、或二甲基聯苯二異氰酸酯(3’-dimethylbiphenyl-4,4’-diyl diisocyanate,TODI)。
  10. 如申請專利範圍第7項所述的聚氨基甲酸酯彈性體的製造方法,其中該鏈延長劑包括乙二醇(ethylene alcohol,EG)、丙二醇(propylene alcohol,PG)、1,4丁二醇(1.4-butylene alcohol,1.4-BDO)、1,3丁二醇(1.3-butylene alcohol,1.3-BDO)、1,6己二醇(1,6-hexanediol,1,6-HD)、二乙二醇(diethylene glycol,DEG)、3-甲基-2,5-戊二醇(3-methyl-2,5-pentadiol,MPD)、或二丙二醇(diethylene glycol,DPG)。
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