TWI725310B - 耳塞 - Google Patents
耳塞 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI725310B TWI725310B TW107117685A TW107117685A TWI725310B TW I725310 B TWI725310 B TW I725310B TW 107117685 A TW107117685 A TW 107117685A TW 107117685 A TW107117685 A TW 107117685A TW I725310 B TWI725310 B TW I725310B
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Abstract
本申請案係關於組態有一或多個生物識別感測器之耳塞。該等生物識別感測器中之至少一者經組態以壓抵耳屏之一部分,以進行生物識別量測。在一些實施例中,該耳塞之外殼可為對稱的,以使得該耳塞可互換地佩戴在一使用者之左耳或右耳中。在此實施例中,該耳塞可包括一感測器及經組態以根據判定該耳塞位於哪一耳內而判定及更改該耳塞之操作的電路。
Description
所描述之實施例大體上係關於將生物識別感測器整合至耳塞中。更特定言之,本發明之實施例係針對將生物識別感測器沿著耳塞之外部表面定位,因此可在耳塞使用期間使其與使用者之耳之一部分直接接觸。
攜帶型電子裝置使用者已對生物識別追蹤展示漸增之關注。生物識別感測器通常需要與皮膚緊密接觸或甚至直接接觸以沿著心跳速率線路、耗氧量(VO2)線路及核心溫度線路正確地量測及追蹤生物識別參數。要求使用者將感測器置放地與皮膚直接接觸以追蹤此等類型之生物識別資料可能過於累贅,從而使生物識別追蹤之採用愈加困難。因此,用於以不顯眼之方式量測生物識別參數的機制為合乎需要的。
本發明描述各種實施例,該等實施例係關於生物識別感測器可經組態以與音訊附屬裝置一同最佳使用的方式。
揭示一種耳塞,其至少包括以下元件:外殼,其界定接近該外殼之第一末端的開口;揚聲器,其安置於外殼內且經定向以使得揚聲器發出之音訊經由外殼界定之開口離開外殼;生物識別感測器,其在外殼之第一末端沿著外殼之外部表面安置;及柔性部件,其與外殼之第二末端耦接。
揭示一種音訊裝置,其至少包括以下元件:第一耳塞及第二耳塞,每一耳塞包括:耳塞外殼、安置於耳塞外殼內且經組態以將音訊投射出由耳塞外殼界定之開口的揚聲器、經組態以接收音訊資料且將音訊資料傳輸至揚聲器的電路,及與耳塞外殼耦接之柔性部件。
揭示一種耳塞,其至少包括以下各者:耳塞外殼;安置於耳塞外殼內的揚聲器;及柔性部件,其包括以樞轉方式耦接至耳塞外殼之第一部分的第一末端及以樞轉方式耦接至耳塞外殼之第二部分的第二末端,該柔性部件經組態以變形來適形於使用者之耳的內部幾何結構,且在使用者佩戴時在耳塞外殼上施加將耳塞外殼置於接近使用者之耳的耳道之力。該柔性部件可呈彈性環圈之形式。在一些實施例中,該柔性部件可至少部分地藉由一定量之可撓性金屬加強。該柔性部件與耳塞外殼之間的樞轉耦接可呈具有末端止擋件的鉸鏈之形式。在一些實施例中,末端止擋件可包括幫助判定柔性部件之各末端相對於耳塞外殼的旋轉位置之接點。
揭示一種音訊裝置,其至少包括以下元件:裝置外殼,其具有適合於至少部分插入使用者之耳中的大小及形狀;安置於該裝置外殼內的揚聲器;生物識別感測器,其安置於該裝置外殼內且包括沿著該裝置外殼之外部表面配置的感測表面;及處理器,其經組態以使用藉由生物識別感測器偵測到的生物識別參數之值來判定裝置外殼在使用者之耳內的定向,且根據所判定之定向調整揚聲器之操作狀態。
揭示一種用於控制耳塞之操作的方法。該方法包括自耳塞之定向感測器接收與耳塞佩戴於使用者之第一耳相一致的信號;僅將多聲道音訊信號之第一音訊聲道發送至耳塞的揚聲器單元,該第一音訊聲道與使用者之第一耳相關聯;及根據自定向感測器所接收之信號調整耳塞之感測器的操作
狀態。
揭示一種音訊裝置,其至少包括以下元件:揚聲器;無線收發器;用於量測音訊裝置之使用者的生物識別參數之生物識別感測器;能量儲存裝置,其為揚聲器、生物識別感測器及無線收發器之操作提供電力;及耳塞外殼,其圍封揚聲器、無線收發器、生物識別感測器及能量儲存裝置。利用藉由生物識別感測器所量測之生物識別參數來判定耳塞外殼在音訊裝置之使用者耳內之定向,接著利用該定向之判定來改變揚聲器之操作特性。
揭示一種耳塞,其至少包括以下元件:定向感測器,其經組態以判定耳塞之使用者的耳內之耳塞定向;麥克風陣列,其包括多個麥克風;及電路,其經組態以根據由定向感測器提供之資訊來調整麥克風陣列之麥克風的操作狀態。
揭示一種音訊裝置,其至少包括以下元件:裝置外殼,其具有適合於至少部分插入使用者之耳中的大小及形狀;定向感測器,其經組態以提供相對於使用者之耳的裝置外殼之定向;安置於裝置外殼內的麥克風陣列,該麥克風陣列包括第一麥克風、第二麥克風及第三麥克風;及處理器,其經組態以根據裝置外殼之定向來調整第一麥克風及第二麥克風的操作狀態。
揭示一種音訊裝置,其至少包括以下元件:揚聲器;無線收發器;生物識別感測器,其經組態以量測音訊裝置在使用者耳中之定向及生物識別參數兩者;麥克風陣列;能量儲存裝置,其為音訊裝置提供電力;及耳塞外殼,其圍封揚聲器、麥克風陣列、無線收發器、生物識別感測器及能量儲存裝置。利用耳塞外殼在音訊裝置之使用者的耳內之定向來調整麥克風陣列的操作狀態。
100:攜帶型媒體裝置
102:觸敏式顯示器
104:按鈕
106:數位I/O埠
108:類比I/O埠
110:附屬裝置
112:耳塞
114:耳塞
116:無線連結
120:附屬裝置
122:耳塞
124:耳塞
126:連接器插頭
200:耳塞
202:外殼
203:突出部
204:生物識別感測器
206:控制器
208:輸入/輸出(I/O)介面
210:無線連結
212:揚聲器
214:記憶體
216:電池
218:其他感測器
220:柔性部件
300:耳塞
302:干涉區域
304:耳屏
306:耳甲
502:連結特徵
504:突出部
506:鎖定部件
508:電接點
602:柔性部件
604:鉸鏈
606:鉸鏈
608:運動範圍
610:運動範圍
702:翼形件
704:翼形件
706:環圈
708:金屬加強部件
710:金屬加強部件
712:加強部件
802:環圈
902:上部翼形件
904:下部翼形件
1000:多感測器耳塞
1002:感測區域
1004:感測區域
1100:耳塞
1102:外殼
1104:前部麥克風開口
1106:前部麥克風開口
1108:後部麥克風開口
1110:方向
1202:區塊
1204:區塊
1206:區塊
F:力
藉由結合隨附圖式之以下詳細描述,將易於理解本發明,其中相同參考標號指代相同結構元件,且其中:圖1展示適合與所描述之實施例一同使用之例示性裝置;圖2展示耳塞裝置之橫截面圖,該耳塞裝置包括用於支援所描述之裝置功能的數個電組件;圖3A至圖3B展示位於使用者之耳中的耳塞及該耳塞之生物識別感測器如何接觸使用者之耳屏的視圖;圖4A至圖4B展示具有呈柔性部件之形式的偏置部件之耳塞的數個視圖;圖4C展示圖4A至圖4B中所描繪之柔性部件可如何經組態以針對具有各種耳大小的使用者提供一固定量之力;圖5A至圖5B展示偏置部件可如何藉助於鎖定聲道而互換地自耳塞移除;圖6A至圖6C展示具有呈可變形環圈之形式的偏置部件之耳塞的側視圖,該環圈以樞轉方式與耳塞耦接;圖7A至圖7C展示圖6A至圖6C中所描繪之可變形環圈的數個替代實施例;圖8A至圖8B展示可變形環圈如何適形於耳塞之使用者的耳;圖9展示一實施例,其中柔性部件呈一個末端自耳塞突出的單個柔性部件之形式;圖10A至圖10B展示位於使用者之耳內的耳塞,其具有經組態以判定耳塞之定向的感測器;
圖11展示具有界定多個開口以在多個麥克風處接收音訊內容之外殼的耳塞;及圖12展示描繪用於判定耳塞在使用者耳內之定向之程序的流程圖。
自結合隨附圖式(其藉助於實例說明所描述之實施例的原理)所採取之以下詳細描述,本發明之其他態樣及優勢將變得顯而易見。
本申請案主張2015年9月16日申請之標題為「Earbuds with Biometric Sensing」的美國專利申請案第14/856,298號、2015年9月16日申請之標題為「Earbuds with Biometric Sensing」的美國專利申請案第14/856,344號及2015年9月16日申請之標題為「Earbuds with Biometric Sensing」的美國專利申請案第14/856,402號之權益;該等美國專利申請案出於所有目的而以全文引用之方式併入本文中。
根據本申請案之方法及設備的代表性應用描述於此[實施方式]中。提供此等實例僅用以添加上下文且輔助理解所描述之實施例。由此,熟習此項技術者將明白,可在無此等特定細節中之一些或全部的情況下實踐所描述之實施例。在其他個例中,未詳細描述熟知程序步驟以便避免不必要地混淆所描述之實施例。其他應用為可能的,使得以下實例不應視為限制性的。
在以下詳細描述中,參考隨附圖式,該等隨附圖式形成該描述之一部分,且其中藉助於說明展示根據所描述之實施例的特定實施例。雖然充分詳細描述此等實施例以使熟習此項技術者能夠實踐所描述之實施例,但應理解,此等實例並非限制性的;因此可使用其他實施例,且可在不背離所
描述之實施例的精神及範疇之情況下作出改變。
生物識別感測器可呈諸多形式且可經組態以量測大範圍之生物識別參數。令人遺憾地,當監測干擾使用者之日常生活的任一態樣時,此等生物識別參數之持久、長期監測可能具挑戰性及/或不合需要的。將生物識別感測器較合宜地併入使用者之日常生活的一種方式為,將感測器併入使用者已經利用之一種裝置。或者,該或該等生物識別感測器亦可整合於可以不顯眼之方式穿戴的可穿戴式裝置中。
可組態有生物識別感測器之可穿戴式裝置包括一組耳機及個別耳塞。因為耳機之耳塞部分在使用期間至少部分地位於使用者之耳道內,所以耳塞之外部表面接觸耳之各部分以保持其位於使用者之耳內。可用以記錄使用者之生物識別參數的一種例示性類型之生物識別感測器為光電血管容積圖(PPG)感測器,其藉由照射光且接著量測該光離開皮膚之反射率來量測生物識別參數。反射率的變化可用於表徵通過使用者之皮膚的血液之充盈。令人遺憾地,常規耳塞之外部表面通常不與耳之較佳充盈部分具有充分穩固及/或一貫的接觸以提供可信賴之生物識別參數量測。此問題之一個解決方案為,在接近耳塞之揚聲器開口的耳塞之末端處沿著耳塞之表面配置PPG感測器。以此方式,當揚聲器開口與耳道對準時,PPG感測器可接觸耳之耳屏的面向內的表面。耳之耳屏的面向內的表面與PPG感測器之間的接觸可藉由將柔性部件添加至耳塞之對置末端來維持。柔性部件可接著與被稱為耳甲的耳之對置表面嚙合,以使得耳塞擠置於耳的兩個對置表面之間。藉由選擇由可壓縮或可變形的材料形成之柔性部件,耳塞可較佳適合配合於廣泛範圍之使用者的耳內。
耳塞亦可配備有可獨立地或與上文所描述之生物識別感測器共同地
起作用的各種其他感測器。舉例而言,在一些實施例中,其他感測器可呈定向感測器之形式以幫助耳塞判定耳塞位於哪一耳內且接著根據該判定調整耳塞之操作。在一些實施例中,定向感測器可為傳統基於慣性之感測器,而在其他實施例中,來自另一生物識別感測器(諸如近接感測器或溫度感測器)之感測器讀數可用於做出定向判定。
具有前述感測器之耳塞亦可包括額外感測器,諸如麥克風或麥克風陣列。在一些實施例中,可沿著指向或至少接近使用者之口部的線來配置來自麥克風陣列之至少兩個麥克風。藉由使用由該或該等定向感測器所接收之資訊,耳塞內之控制器可判定應啟動麥克風陣列之哪些麥克風來獲得此組態。藉由僅啟動沿著指著或接近口部之向量配置的彼等麥克風,可藉由應用空間濾波程序來忽略掉不在口部附近發出之環境音訊信號。
下文參考圖1至圖12論述此等及其他實施例;然而,熟習此項技術者將易於瞭解,本文中相對於此等圖式所給出之詳細描述僅出於解釋性目的,且不應視為限制性的。
圖1展示適合與多種附屬裝置一同使用之攜帶型媒體裝置100。攜帶型媒體裝置100可包括經組態以提供觸敏式使用者介面以控制攜帶型媒體裝置100的觸敏式顯示器102,且在一些實施例中包括攜帶型媒體裝置100電性地或以無線方式耦接至之任何附屬件。在一些實施例中,攜帶型媒體裝置100可包括額外控制件,諸如按鈕104。攜帶型媒體裝置100亦可包括多個硬連線輸入/輸出(I/O)埠,該等輸入/輸出埠包括數位I/O埠106及類比I/O埠108。附屬裝置110可呈包括兩個分開的耳塞112及114之音訊裝置的形式。耳塞112及114中之每一者可包括能夠與攜帶型媒體裝置100建立無線連結116之無線接收器或收發器。附屬裝置120(其亦可與攜帶型媒體裝置
100相容)可呈包括耳塞122及124之有線音訊裝置的形式。耳塞122及124可藉由數根電線電耦接至彼此及連接器插頭126。在連接器插頭126為類比插頭的實施例中,耳塞122及124二者中之一者內的感測器可經由類比I/O埠108接收電力,同時藉助於無線協定(諸如藍芽、Wi-Fi,或其類似者)傳輸資料。在連接器插頭126與數位I/O埠106互動的實施例中,感測器資料及音訊資料可在攜帶型媒體裝置100及附屬裝置120之使用期間自由地穿過電線。應注意,當附接至每一耳塞的電線係沿著每一耳塞之對稱線附接時或者當電線係藉由樞轉耦接附接時,耳塞122及124可在左耳與右耳之間調換。立體聲聲道可在附接至數位I/O埠106時在電線之間調換。
圖2展示耳塞200之示意圖,該耳塞如耳塞112及/或耳塞114一樣併入附屬裝置110中,或如耳塞122及/或耳塞124一樣併入附屬裝置120中。在一些實施例中,耳塞200可包括外殼202。外殼202可具有允許其易於插入最終使用者之耳內的大小及/或形狀。外殼202亦界定一內部容積,可在該容積內分佈諸多電組件。特定言之,生物識別感測器204可位於外殼202內或至少由該外殼支撐。如所描繪,生物識別感測器204可配置於外殼202內且接近該外殼中之一開口。以此方式,生物識別感測器204可具有能夠與外部刺激互動且量測外部刺激的面向外之感測表面。外殼202亦可包括突出部203,在突出部203之末端處具有提供一通道的開口,音訊信號可經由該通道傳出且進入耳塞200之使用者的耳道,如藉由箭頭所指示。
在一些實施例中,生物識別感測器204可呈光電血管容積圖(PPG)感測器之形式。PPG感測器利用脈搏血氧定量計來照射一片皮膚且量測皮膚之光吸收方面的改變。脈搏血氧定量計可包括一或多個發光裝置及一或多個光收集裝置。在一些實施例中,發光裝置可呈發光二極體(LED)之形式,
且光收集裝置可呈光電二極體之形式以量測光吸收方面的改變。光吸收方面的改變可由皮膚內之血液在每一心搏週期期間的充盈所導致。因為進入皮膚之血液充盈可受多個其他生理系統影響,所以此類型之生物識別監測系統可提供諸多類型之生物識別資訊。藉由擷取與至皮膚之循環血液充盈相關聯的波形,可收集多個生物識別參數,包括(例如)心跳速率、血量及呼吸速率。藉由使用發出不同波長之光的LED,可搜集額外資料,諸如最大VO2(亦即,人體氧吸收之最大速率)。藉由在所描繪之相對於外殼202的位置配置生物識別感測器204,可將生物識別感測器204置放得與耳之耳屏(其往往容易變得血液充盈)接觸,由此使耳屏區域中之脈搏血氧定量計所得感測器讀數尤為精確。在一些實施例中,生物識別感測器204可呈核心溫度感測器之形式。生物識別感測器204之其他實施例包括生物識別感測器呈電極之形式的實施例。當耳塞為藉由電極電耦接至另一耳塞的有線耳塞時,電極可協作性地量測數個不同生物識別參數。在一些實施例中,電極可經組態以量測使用者之皮膚電回應(GSR)。GSR可適用於判定使用者在給定時刻所經歷的應力之量。在一些實施例中,電極可用於藉由呈心電圖(EKG)感測器或阻抗心動描記法(ICG)感測器之形式來量測心臟之較詳細的參數。
生物識別感測器204可至少與負責控制各種態樣之耳塞200的控制器206電通信。舉例而言,控制器206可搜集藉由生物識別感測器204所記錄之生物識別感測器資料,且將該資料傳遞至輸入/輸出(I/O)介面208。I/O介面208可經組態以藉助於連結210將生物識別感測器資料傳輸至另一裝置,諸如攜帶型媒體裝置100。可以各種方式產生連結210。舉例而言,當I/O介面208呈適合用於附屬件(諸如圖1中描繪之附屬裝置110)的無線收發
器之形式時,連結210可為無線連結。或者,連結210可經由有線連接器傳輸,諸如結合附屬裝置120所描述之電線。除了提供管道以傳輸由生物識別感測器204提供之生物識別感測器資料以外,I/O介面208亦可用於接收可由控制器206處理且發送至揚聲器212的音訊內容。I/O介面208亦可自類似於攜帶型媒體裝置100之裝置接收控制信號以完成諸如調整揚聲器212之音量輸出或修改生物識別感測器204之敏感度、優先級或工作週期的任務。當I/O介面208呈無線收發器之形式時,I/O介面208可包括一天線,該天線經組態以經由外殼202界定之天線窗或開口來傳輸及接收信號。此在外殼202由不透射線材料形成時可能尤為重要。在一些實施例中,I/O介面208亦可表示用於執行任務(諸如將耳塞200與另一裝置配對或調整耳塞200之各種設定(諸如容積或其類似者))的一或多個外部控制件(例如按鈕及/或開關)。
耳塞200亦可包括記憶體214,該記憶體可經組態以執行任何數目個任務。舉例而言,記憶體214可經組態以在耳塞200之使用者希望使用耳塞200而不依賴任何其他裝置時儲存媒體內容。在此使用情況下,記憶體214可載入有一或多個媒體檔案以供獨立播放。當耳塞200與另一裝置一同使用時,記憶體214可用於緩衝自另一裝置所接收之媒體資料。在上文所描述之獨立使用情況下,記憶體214亦可用於儲存由生物識別感測器204所記錄之感測器資料。一旦攜帶型媒體裝置100與一裝置通信,可接著將感測器資料沿著攜帶型媒體裝置100之線路發送至該裝置。
電池216通常用於為耳塞200之操作供電,可能當I/O介面208為可將電力自另一裝置或電源提供至耳塞200的有線介面時例外。電池216可提供執行數個任務中之任一者所需的能量,該等任務包括:維持無線連結210、供
電給控制器206、驅動揚聲器212、供電給生物識別感測器204及供電給任何其他感測器218。雖然其他感測器展示為通用區塊,但其他感測器218可包括諸如麥克風、定向感測器、近接感測器或適合於改良耳塞200之使用者體驗的任何其他感測器的感測器。在一些實施例中,感測器218中之一者可與生物識別感測器204組合使用以改良準確度或校準各種結果。應注意,不在本文描述之所有實施例中要求有其他感測器218。
耳塞200亦可包括與外殼202之外部表面耦接的柔性部件220。柔性部件220可經組態以在使用者之耳內針對耳塞200提供干涉配合。由於任一特定使用者之耳大小及形狀可能存在大的變化,因此柔性部件允許耳塞200適形於數種不同耳形狀及大小。此外,在一些組態中,柔性部件220可為可移除式的,以使得各種不同柔性部件大小及形狀可用於進一步針對任一使用者之耳定製耳塞200之總體大小。柔性部件220可由數個不同類型的材料中之任一者製成,包括(例如)開孔發泡體、熱塑彈性體(TPE)及其類似者。在一些實施例中,用於建構柔性部件220的材料可經組態以在使用者之耳上提供較多力以在使用者之耳內產生較牢固配合。以此方式建構之柔性部件可較佳適合於運動活動。
圖3A至圖3B展示位於使用者之耳內的外殼202之視圖。圖3A描繪干涉區域302,其表示生物識別感測器204與使用者的耳屏304之間的介面區域。圖3B描繪突出部203可如何定位於使用者之耳道內以在音訊內容離開外殼202時將電力損失之量最小化。雖然圖3A至圖3B未特定地指出柔性部件220,但應理解,外殼202可包括整合於外殼202內的後部柔性部分,該部分可適應允許外殼202牢固地安放於使用者之耳內的特定量之壓縮。如圖3B中所描繪,耳塞300之外殼202被壓縮於所描繪之耳的耳屏304與耳甲306
之間,由此防止耳塞300自耳變位,且維持足以保持生物識別感測器204一貫地嚙合於干涉區域302中的一貫量之壓力。
圖4A至圖4B展示位於使用者耳內之耳塞200的外殼202及柔性部件220之視圖。特定言之,圖4A中描繪作用於柔性部件220上之摩擦力。所描繪之力展示柔性部件220與耳的耳甲之間所產生的壓縮力及摩擦力可如何幫助將耳塞200維持於使用者之耳內。圖4A亦展示圖2中描繪之柔性部件設計的輕微變化:柔性部件220位於由外殼202界定之通道內。以此方式,可大體上將外殼202製作得較大,同時仍允許柔性部件220在通道內變形以得到對於耳塞200之使用者而言令人滿意之配合及感覺。圖4B展示耳塞200之俯視圖及側視圖。特定言之,柔性部件220之未經壓縮的長度尺寸可為約9mm。應注意,此長度僅出於例示性目的而給定,及可能有且甚至需要各種長度來適應不同使用者之各種耳幾何結構。
圖4C描繪展示相對於針對例示性柔性部件220之應變的應力之圖。藉由作出謹慎之材料選擇,圖4C展示由柔性部件220提供之一定量的應力可如何在大範圍之應變上保持大體上相同。舉例而言,具有引起約50%之長度改變的較小耳大小的使用者可能比具有較大耳、最終僅壓縮柔性部件220約20%之使用者僅經受略微較大量的應力。以此方式,特定大小之柔性部件可適應具有廣泛範圍之大小的耳,同時大體上維持置於使用者之耳上的一定量之力。以此方式,可避免柔性部件220施加疼痛量之力或相對而言不足之力以將耳塞200維持於耳內的情況。
圖5A至圖5B展示柔性部件220可便利地自外殼202移除的實施例。在此實施例中,圖5A展示貼附至柔性部件220的連結特徵502。在一些實施例中,連結特徵202可僅僅充當藉由較大柔性部件、較小柔性部件或由不同材
料形成之柔性部件調換柔性部件220的便利機制。連結特徵502亦如所描繪充當外殼202之延伸部分。在一些實施例中,連結特徵502可包括沿著用於自訂媒體或軟體內容的額外記憶體儲存器、額外生物識別感測器或定向感測器、及/或額外電池單元的線路之附加模組。舉例而言,自訂軟體內容可包括與類似於攜帶型媒體裝置100之裝置一同使用的行動應用程式。當連結特徵502包括額外感測器時,連結特徵502內之感測器可針對耳塞提供額外功能。舉例而言,連結特徵502內之感測器可呈溫度感測器、電容式感測器、麥克風或電極之形式。在連結特徵502與外殼202耦接之後,連結特徵502內之任一感測器即刻接著可開始與安置於外殼202內之感測器協作地提供感測器資料及/或搜集感測器資料。
連結特徵502亦包括嚙合於由外殼202界定之通道內的拼圖狀之突出部504。突出部504可包括鎖定部件506,該鎖定部件可呈彈簧負載滾珠軸承之形式,有助於一旦連結特徵502恰當地與外殼202對準即將連結特徵502與外殼202固定。在一些實施例中,突出部504可包括在每一末端處的環境密封件,其防止汗水或濕氣侵入於突出部504與由外殼202界定之通道的介面之間。
圖5B展示突出部504如何亦可包括一或多個電接點508。電接點508可與定位於由外殼202界定之通道內的電接點相匹配。以此方式,當接點508及外殼202之接點對準時,安置於連結特徵502內之組件與外殼202之間形成牢固電連接。此牢固電連接可用於促進上文所簡要論述之感測器通信,及/或用於為記憶體提供記憶體機載連結特徵502的外殼202近接。當連結特徵502與外殼202之間的通信最初形成時,連結特徵502可將識別提供至安置於外殼202內之控制器,以使得控制器理解由連結特徵502添加之額外功
能。在一些實施例中,該識別可以各種方式傳達至使用者。舉例而言,可藉由耳塞所播送之音訊信號或甚至藉由將訊息沿著攜帶型媒體播放機100之線路發送至媒體播放機來向使用者通告該新功能。
圖6A展示替代實施例的側視圖,其中柔性部件602呈可撓性材料環圈之形式,其兩個末端中之每一者在兩個不同位置處以樞轉方式耦接至外殼202。該樞轉耦接可藉由鉸鏈604及606完成。鉸鏈604及606可經組態以分別提供運動範圍608及610。在一些實施例中,運動範圍608可與運動範圍610相同,而在其他實施例中,該等範圍可略微或者大大不同。鉸鏈604及606允許柔性部件602具有大運動範圍,其可輔助柔性部件602配合廣泛範圍之耳形狀及幾何結構。在一些實施例中,與鉸鏈604及606中之每一者相關聯的末端止擋件可呈電接點之形式,該等電接點將位置資訊傳達至耳塞200的控制器。在此組態中,耳塞200可經組態以根據由電接點提供之資訊來更改其播放。
舉例而言,圖6B展示一組態,其中鉸鏈604被定位抵靠著一個末端止擋件且鉸鏈606被定位抵靠著另一末端止擋件。在此組態中,耳塞200之控制器206可經組態以發出符合右聲道或使用者右耳道之音訊。當柔性部件602如圖6C中所展示朝向相反方向時,控制器206可僅傳送左聲道或符合使用者左耳之音樂。此組態將允許耳塞200可在左耳與右耳之間互換。在一些實施例中,耳塞200可經組態以在鉸鏈604或606皆不位於末端止擋件時進入省電模式。此類組態將適用於鉸鏈604及606中之至少一者若恰當地插入使用者耳中則將必定在一末端止擋件處的組態。可藉助於經組態以控制耳塞200之操作的裝置來啟用或停用此等自動化部件中之任一者。鉸鏈604及606亦可能包括基於彈簧的偏置部件,該偏置部件將柔性部件602恢復至圖
6A中所描繪之中間組態。此將防止接點在不使用時被啟動,且亦可在將耳塞置放於使用者之耳內時提供一貫使用者體驗。
圖7A至圖7C展示類似於圖6A至圖6C中所描繪之組態的各種替代性耳塞組態。在圖7A中,柔性部件呈兩個翼形件702及704之形式,每一翼形件具有以樞轉方式與外殼202耦接的一個末端。在此組態中,翼形件702翼形件704可彼此獨立地操作,同時仍包括相對於圖6A至圖6C中所描繪之實施例而論述之鉸鏈止擋件。圖7B展示具有藉由兩個金屬加強部件708及710所加強之可撓性材料環圈706的實施例。此組態可適宜增大環圈706之硬度,其中環圈706可能原本不能夠提供足夠牢固之配合以保持耳塞200牢固地固持在耳塞200之使用者的耳內。藉由使環圈706之中心部分不含加強材料,接觸使用者耳之耳甲的環圈706之一部分可大體上較軟且提供較舒適配合及使用者體驗。圖7C展示加強部件712呈嵌入於環圈706內之連續長度的加強材料之形式的組態,其可針對環圈706提供均一剛度及抗性。用於建構加強部件712之材料厚度可經調整以在環圈706中達成所要量之抗性。
圖8A展示呈未變形組態之環圈802如何與使用者之耳形狀不相容,且亦描繪一方向,可在該方向上將力F施加於環圈802來使環圈802變形以將其定位於使用者之耳內。圖8B展示類似於圖6B中所描繪之組態,且說明耳之固有幾何結構如何導致環圈802發生此類型之變形。因為鉸鏈606經組態以適應環圈之底部末端經過一水平位置之旋轉,所以經由鉸鏈606所施加之任一力不傾向於將外殼202推離位置,而是在被利用時最終藉由外殼202上傾向於將外殼202牢固地保持在適當位置的向下組件來施加力F。
圖9展示具有類似於圖7A中所描繪之彼等的翼形件之組態;然而,圖9經佈置以展示如何可能需要僅具有上部翼形件902,此係因為下部翼形件
904可能干擾且較難安置於耳內。在單翼形件組態中,使用者將能夠藉由選擇以將翼形件按朝向使用者之耳的上部部分之定向配置的方式而配合於耳內的耳塞來辨別將每一耳塞安放於哪隻耳中。上部翼形件902可由彈性體材料形成,且具有可舒適地置放於使用者耳內的鈍狀適形末端。可調諧上部翼形件902之寬度及回彈性以提供所要之配合。
圖10A至圖10B分別展示安置於使用者耳內之多感測器耳塞1000的側視圖及部分橫截面圖。圖10A指出多感測器耳塞1000之感測區域1002及1004。當與感測區域1002及1004相關聯之感測器能夠識別相關聯感測區域與耳的表面之間的直接接觸時,則彼等感測器可用於判定耳內之多感測器耳塞1000的定向。圖10A及圖10B皆說明為何情況如此,由於不論多感測器耳塞1000位於哪隻耳中,感測區域1002及1004中的一者與耳直接接觸且另一感測區域不與耳直接接觸。可偵測感測區域與耳之間的接觸的一種感測器為近接感測器。近接感測器可呈紅外光發射器及接收器之形式。藉由傳輸紅外光及接收反彈離開耳的紅外光,近接感測器可判定相對應感測區域與耳之間的距離。藉由量測近接感測器與最接近對象之間的距離,與感測區域1004相關聯之近接感測器可能夠確認多感測器耳塞1000位於使用者右耳中。可完成定向判定之另一類型的感測器可為溫度感測器。若多感測器耳塞1000包括兩個溫度感測器,每一者與每一感測區域相關聯,則多感測器耳塞1000內之控制器或處理器可經組態以比較兩個溫度讀數且自溫度差異判定是否:(a)耳塞完全插入耳中;及(b)多感測器耳塞1000在耳內的定向。除了其用作溫度感測器以外,經判定與使用者之耳直接接觸的溫度感測器亦可用於提供核心溫度資訊,同時第二溫度感測器可經組態以提供環境溫度。在所描繪之實施例中,與感測區域1004相關聯之溫度感測
器將經歷大體上比與感測區域1002相關聯之溫度高的溫度。電容式感測器亦可用於偵測感測區域與使用者的耳之間的正接觸。
前述感測器組態中之任一者亦可用於識別耳塞是否完全插入使用者之耳中。電力管理設施可經調適以根據該資訊管理多感測器耳塞1000之操作狀態。多感測器耳塞1000可包括諸多操作狀態,包括(例如)媒體播放模式、待用模式、停用模式及雜訊消除模式。當電力管理設施判定多感測器耳塞1000不再被佩戴著時,其可經組態以將操作狀態自播放模式或雜訊消除模式改變為待用模式或停用模式。雖然已論述非常規之定向感測器的諸多實例,但應瞭解,在本發明之範疇內亦可使用且涵蓋慣性定向感測器。如可瞭解,基礎定向感測器將亦能夠辨別兩個相反定向。
圖11展示定位於使用者之耳內的耳塞1100。耳塞1100之外殼1102包括諸多麥克風開口,音訊信號可經由該等開口傳播至安置於耳塞1100之外殼1102內的麥克風。圖11描繪兩個前部麥克風開口1104及1106及一個後部麥克風開口1108,該三個開口以三角形組態配置。此等麥克風開口可以對稱組態配置,以使得不論耳塞1100定位於哪一耳中,耳塞1100皆可以一貫方式操作。定位於耳塞外殼1102內及在每一麥克風開口後方的麥克風可經組態以用於諸多不同目的。在一些實施例中,可根據藉由如上文相關於圖10A至圖10B所描述之耳塞1100的定向感測器所收集之定向資料來調整每一麥克風之操作模式。
在經組態以提供定向資訊的一定向感測器或多個定向感測器將定向資料提供至耳塞1100內之控制器後,控制器可使用空間濾波程序比較自兩個麥克風所接收之信號,該空間濾波程序去除不在定向1110的任一側上之10度至20度區域內到達的任何音訊資訊,麥克風開口1106及1108皆沿著方
向1110配置。該空間濾波可以諸多方式執行,但在一個特定實施例中,可使用到達時間差異技術,其包括將麥克風中之第一者處接收到音訊信號的時間與第二麥克風處接收到同一音訊信號的時間相比來判定時間延遲。雖然到達時間差異計算大體上需要三個取樣點來判定到達之方向,但因為麥克風開口1106及1108與所要取樣來源的方向對準,所以在此類型之組態中僅需要兩個取樣來源。
在一些實施例中,先到達麥克風開口1108的所有內容可被忽略,而先到達麥克風開口1106的所有內容可被包括且予以處理。此將僅允許記錄自使用者朝向之方向到達的音訊內容。在一些實施例中,可知曉與沿著方向1110直接傳播之音訊信號相關聯的延遲。為了允許容納來自使用者之話語的到達方向之一定量的變化,可處理已知延遲時間之20%內的任何延遲。在其他實施例中,麥克風陣列可經組態以僅收集具有最長延遲時間之最高百分比音訊,其中音訊首先到達麥克風開口1106處。此組態在使用者希望記錄未活躍地說話時的環境音訊信號時可能合乎需要。舉例而言,麥克風陣列可在模式之間切換,其中僅將使用者記錄至一個模式,在該模式中,在經過預先判定的時段未偵測到來自使用者的話語之後收集環境音訊。在一些實施例中,由話語到達麥克風陣列的定向與麥克風開口1106及1108的方向之間的變化所產生的任何誤差可藉由經組態以根據變化調整收集範圍的校準軟體來改善。在一些實施例中,校準軟體可代管於諸如攜帶型媒體裝置100的裝置上。
在一些實施例中,未使用的麥克風開口1104可經組態以執行其他功能。舉例而言,耳塞1100內之控制器可經組態以處理藉由位於麥克風開口1104後方之麥克風所接收之音訊內容來將雜訊消除能力提供至耳塞
1100。在一些實施例中,可建立由耳塞1100提供之雜訊消除以提供選擇性雜訊消除,該選擇性雜訊消除允許所接收之在10-20度範圍內的任何音訊被允許通過,而在其他實施例中,大體上所有音訊可被篩分出去。以此方式,在對話期間,個人自身語音不會阻止揚聲器能夠聽到嘗試進入或參與對話的其他揚聲器。在一些實施例中,與麥克風開口1104相關聯之麥克風可與其他麥克風結合使用以提供音訊信號起源之方向的較詳細資訊。或者,可僅停用或斷開與麥克風開口1104相關聯之麥克風,直至指示耳塞1100之定向有改變的定向資料被提供。在一些實施例中,指示耳塞1100已置放於使用者之另一耳中的定向資料之改變將導致由與麥克風開口1104及1106相關聯之麥克風執行的功能被調換。或者,外殼1102可僅包括兩個麥克風開口,例如,僅開口1106及1108。在此實施例中,若使用者每一耳中正利用一個耳塞1100,則僅該等耳塞中的一者將使麥克風開口朝向使用者之口部。可使用定向資料或音訊取樣程序來判定哪一耳塞將麥克風開口對準使用者之口部。
除了將與麥克風開口1104及1106相關聯之麥克風的功能調換以外,當使用者正活躍地利用一組耳塞1100時,該等麥克風亦可週期性地自兩個耳塞取樣音訊,此時耳塞1100中的一者或兩者內或者沿著攜帶型媒體裝置100之線路的配對裝置內之處理器可比較兩個樣本,且指令啟動具有較佳品質之耳塞,同時將另一耳塞麥克風保持為待用或週期性取樣模式。此外,由於麥克風之操作可消耗電池電力,因此當一耳塞具有比另一耳塞大體上更大之電池充電量時,可啟動該耳塞內之麥克風。
圖12展示說明用於判定使用者耳內之耳塞的定向之方法的流程圖。在第一區塊1202中,在耳塞之處理器或控制器處自耳塞之定向感測器接收指
示耳塞之定向與多聲道音訊信號之第一音訊聲道相一致的信號。定向感測器可呈諸多形式,包括(但不限於)常規慣性感測器、溫度感測器、近接感測器、電容式感測器或其類似者。在第二區塊1204中,處理器僅將多聲道音訊信號之第一音訊信號發送至揚聲器單元。第一音訊聲道在多聲道音訊信號為立體聲音訊信號時可表示多聲道音訊信號之左聲道或右聲道中的一者。或者,定向感測器資訊可用於連續地更新聲道資訊。舉例而言,若判定僅在使用單個耳塞,則該等聲道可組合為單個聲道,或可執行在單個耳塞內產生虛擬之左聲道與右聲道的組合聲道。以此方式,可藉由防止錯過通常經由所移除之耳塞投送的內容來達成較一貫的音訊體驗。在區塊1206中,根據來自定向感測器的定向感測器資料來調整耳塞之感測器的操作狀態。在一些實施例中,生物識別感測器可經配置以將其讀數集中於人體最可能提供高質量生物識別參數之一部分。舉例而言,自PPG感測器發出之光可成角度聚焦於很可能較佳充盈血液之耳屏的一部分。在另一實施例中,定向感測器資料可用於判定應啟動及/或停用哪些感測器。在一些實施例中,針對感測器之陣列的作用或操作狀態可基於定向資料予以指派。在此等方式中,可利用定向資訊來將一或多個耳塞之使用者體驗最佳化。
可分開或以任何組合形式使用各種態樣、實施例、實施或所描述之實施例的特徵。所描述之實施例的各種態樣可藉由軟體、硬體或硬體與軟體之組合實施。所描述之實施例亦可實施為用於控制製造操作的電腦可讀取媒體上之電腦可讀程式碼或實施為用於控制製造線的電腦可讀取媒體上之電腦可讀程式碼。電腦可讀媒體為可儲存可此後由電腦系統讀取之資料的任何資料儲存裝置。電腦可讀媒體之實例包括唯讀記憶體、隨機存取記憶體、CD-ROM、HDD、DVD、磁帶及光學資料儲存裝置。電腦可讀媒體亦
可分佈於網路耦接之電腦系統上,使得電腦可讀程式碼以分佈方式被儲存及執行。
出於解釋之目的,前文描述使用特定命名法以提供對所描述之實施例的透徹理解。然而,熟習此項技術者將明白,不需要特定細節以便實踐所描述之實施例。因此,出於說明及描述之目的而呈現特定實施例之前文描述。該等描述並不意欲為窮盡性的或將所描述之實施例限制為所揭示之精確形式。一般熟習此項技術者將明白,鑒於以上教示,諸多修改及變化為可能的。
200:耳塞
202:外殼
203:突出部
204:生物識別感測器
206:控制器
208:輸入/輸出(I/O)介面
210:無線連結
212:揚聲器
214:記憶體
216:電池
218:其他感測器
220:柔性部件
Claims (20)
- 一種耳塞(earbud),其包含:一耳塞外殼,其界定一開口;一揚聲器,其安置於該耳塞外殼內且經定向以使得藉由該揚聲器發出之音訊經由該開口離開該耳塞外殼;及一柔性部件,其耦接至該耳塞外殼,該柔性部件包含:一可撓性材料的環圈;該環圈的一第一末端,其在一第一錨定位置耦接至該耳塞外殼;該環圈的一第二末端,其在一第二錨定位置耦接至該耳塞外殼;一第一加強部件,其沿著包括該第一末端之該環圈的之一第一部分之一長度延伸;及一第二加強部件,其沿著包括該第二末端之該環圈的之一第二部分之一長度延伸;及該環圈的一第三部分,其配置在該第一部分與該第二部分之間而且不具有加強材料,以使得該環圈的該第三部分的硬性不如(less rigid)該環圈的該第一部分與該第二部分,該環圈的該第三部分可與一使用者的耳甲嚙合。
- 如請求項1之耳塞,其中該第一及該第二加強部件係相同長度。
- 如請求項1之耳塞,其中該柔性部件包含一彈性體材料(elastomeric material),其相較於該第一及該第二加強部件硬性更低(less rigid)。
- 如請求項3之耳塞,其中該第一及該第二加強部件包含彈簧鋼(spring steel)。
- 如請求項1之耳塞,其中該柔性部件包含之至少部分圍封該第一加強部件及該第二加強部件之一可撓性材料(flexible material)。
- 如請求項5之耳塞,其中該柔性部件進一步包含一彈性體管(tube)。
- 如請求項1之耳塞,其中該柔性部件藉由一鉸鏈(hinge)以樞轉方式耦接至該耳塞外殼。
- 一種耳塞,其包含:一耳塞外殼,其界定一開口;一揚聲器,其安置於該耳塞外殼內且經定向以使得藉由該揚聲器發出之音訊經由該開口離開該耳塞外殼;及一柔性部件,其耦接至該耳塞外殼,該柔性部件包含:一環圈,其自一可撓性材料形成,該環圈包含至少部分圍封一第一內部容積之一第一部分、至少部分圍封一第二內部容積之一第二部分及安置於該第一部分與該第二部分之間之一第三部分,該第一部分在一第一錨定位置耦接至該耳塞外殼,該第二部分在一第二錨定位置耦接至該耳塞外殼,該第三部分不具有加強材料而且可與一使用者的耳甲嚙合;一第一加強部件,其安置於該第一內部容積內及沿著該第一部分之一長度 延伸;及一第二加強部件,其安置於該第二內部容積內及沿著該第二部分之一長度延伸,以使得該第三部分的硬性不如(less rigid)該第一部分與該第二部分。
- 如請求項8之耳塞,其中該可撓性材料係彈性體。
- 如請求項8之耳塞,其中該第一及該第二加強部件係定位於該環圈之對置側上(opposing sides)。
- 如請求項8之耳塞,其中該第一部分自該耳塞外殼上之一第一位置突出且該第二部分自該耳塞外殼上自該第一位置偏移之一第二位置突出。
- 如請求項8之耳塞,其中該柔性部件經組態以嚙合一使用者之一耳之一部分以保持該耳塞外殼嵌入(lodged)在該使用者之該耳內。
- 如請求項8之耳塞,其中藉由該第一加強部件所加強之該環圈之該第一部分相較於該環圈之該第三部分硬性更高。
- 一種耳塞,其包含:一耳塞外殼,其定義一開口;一揚聲器,其安置於該耳塞外殼內且經定向以使得藉由該揚聲器發出之音訊經由該開口離開該耳塞外殼;一柔性部件,其具有一第一末端及一第二末端,該第一末端及該第二 末端在一第一錨定位置及一第二錨定位置耦接至該耳塞外殼及配置在一環圈中,該柔性部件包含:沿著該環圈之一第一部分之一長度延伸之一第一加強部件,沿著該環圈之一第二部分延伸之一第二加強部件,以及一第三部分,其不具有加強材料而且在該環圈之該第一部分與該第二部分之間延伸並且可與一使用者的耳甲嚙合,該環圈之該第一部分及該第二部分具有相較於該環圈之該第三部分一較高的硬性。
- 如請求項14之耳塞,其中該柔性部件之一第一末端自該耳塞外殼上之一第一位置突出且該柔性部件之一第二末端自該耳塞外殼上之一第二位置突出。
- 如請求項14之耳塞,其中該加強部件係一第一加強部件且該柔性部件進一步包含沿著該環圈之一第三部分之一長度延伸之一第二加強部件。
- 如請求項16之耳塞,其中該環圈之該第二部分係定位於該環圈之該第一部分與該第三部分之間。
- 如請求項16之耳塞,其中該柔性部件包含圍封該第一加強部件及該第二加強部件兩者之可撓性材料之一長度。
- 如請求項14之耳塞,其中該柔性部件經組態以保持該耳塞外殼固定(secured)在一使用者之一耳內。
- 如請求項14之耳塞,其中該耳塞外殼包含一突出部,該突出部之一遠端末端(distal)界定一開口。
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
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CN204616067U (zh) * | 2015-05-29 | 2015-09-02 | 广东佳禾声学科技有限公司 | 一种改进的立体声蓝牙耳机 |
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TWI631857B (zh) | 2018-08-01 |
KR102058327B1 (ko) | 2019-12-20 |
US20180063621A1 (en) | 2018-03-01 |
CN114040299A (zh) | 2022-02-11 |
US9838775B2 (en) | 2017-12-05 |
US9716937B2 (en) | 2017-07-25 |
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US20190116415A1 (en) | 2019-04-18 |
US20170078780A1 (en) | 2017-03-16 |
TW201830978A (zh) | 2018-08-16 |
TW201714460A (zh) | 2017-04-16 |
KR20180021114A (ko) | 2018-02-28 |
CN107852540A (zh) | 2018-03-27 |
WO2017048476A1 (en) | 2017-03-23 |
EP4362495A2 (en) | 2024-05-01 |
US10484783B2 (en) | 2019-11-19 |
EP3314907A1 (en) | 2018-05-02 |
US20170078785A1 (en) | 2017-03-16 |
EP3314907B1 (en) | 2024-04-17 |
US20170078781A1 (en) | 2017-03-16 |
KR20190044703A (ko) | 2019-04-30 |
HK1251756A1 (zh) | 2019-02-01 |
US10149041B2 (en) | 2018-12-04 |
CN111263256B (zh) | 2021-12-14 |
US9699546B2 (en) | 2017-07-04 |
KR101973538B1 (ko) | 2019-04-29 |
CN107852540B (zh) | 2020-01-17 |
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